Newspaper Page Text
The Greorgia "VUeekly Telegraph.
j ilK telegraph.
co».
FRIDAY, MAY 22, 1868.
—Rontgomery Mail learns that in
Vvlai'd Randolph—who wounded
. # Jjnite while the latter was
him with a club—the ac-
tenoerl by the military comrnis
Lr*confinement and hard labor
oltini
, N - -rnE Desert.—The London
that Sir Rob rt Napier, in bis
* . n expedition, compelled “a lofty
*■ to yield water by an Ameri-
not»twelvemonth old.” “A half
it says, “are drawn up and
Fthin steel tubes. Tap, tap, tap,
vuntnef, rigged up in live minutes,
„ the curse of Africa lias been con-
* :f a new Moses bad smitten the
luore water for an army is spouting
bfBERIA.—The Golconda—emi-
. ain of t! ic Colonization Society—
<: "Savannah on Thursday with four
ju»»d forty aix colored passengers, all
Opropose to settle in the negro colo-
Jliberia. T iie emigrants were clii» Py
' ««tnah and Columbus and their
. v, yfe wish tin ui a pleasant voyage,
,f or tablo houses in the El Dorado ot
are sorry to sec by the Tnllahn.-sep
r.tgi thatMr-. I* hi loch* Alston Walker,
Viible and accomplished wife of the
„, r expired suddenly in that city Iasi
pfcjww*:
•jt. Jons A. CoBU —The Athens Banner
•AVc arc glad to learn that our much
• cd and valued friend, Capt. John A.
T, formerly of this town, but now a resi
,tof Americas, has been elected member
^House of Representtives from Sum-
connty. The dtiaaM of Sumter have
tt well and wisely. They have elected
T,'bt mao, and if he is allowed to take
, .**t, they will find that they have he-
■fti their confidence on one in every way
,.j of it—on one who is.
tt of God”—an nooest man.
p:.Cobb’s ability, sound practical sense
:, Iministrativo talent, will make him a
- .jul member,not merely to bis immedi-
M !itucnts,but to the entire State. We
(Bt to say, poor old Clarke will not be
; :un in her hour of distress”
uj.io.n AND Loss OF Live.—d\ e learn
«scollision of traius occurred Thursday,
■it Virginia and East Traacsscc Railroad,
,Lich there was a general smash up. The
• see rente agent was killed, though wo
8 table to karn his name-or further par-
tin of the accident. It took place a few
a'xrood Bristol. >
RAILROAD ECONOMY.
The nnnual reports of officers of the
various railroads in the South, so far as they
have appeared, show n sad falling off of busi
ness. In most instances it is ascribed to a
deficiency in the amount of travel, chiefly
local. Mr. King, the intelligent President ol
the Georgia Railroad, extracts from whose
recent report appeared in our columns yes
terday, estimates the falling off of gross
profits with his own road, as compared with
last year, at the high figures of $133,418 25,
and says this decrease “has been almost ex
clusively in local travel—for ivhich there is lit
tie or it > competition, and clearly indicates the
impoverished condition of the country im
mediately tributory to our (bis) road.” The
deficiency exists, too, despite the fact that
the Road transported twice as much cotton
as it did the year previous.
Such is the trouble. In seeching through
the report of Mr. King, we were somewhat
surprised to find that he suggests no remedy
for so serious an aspect of affairs. The loss
is conceded, and the report stems to take it
for granted that the Company must be con
tent to submit to the inconvenience of reduced
profits until prosperity shall have returned
THE CASK CLOSKS AND THE PEOPLE,
WAIT 1”
So Says Secretary Forney, at the head of
an article in one of his dailies, announcing
the conclusion of the impeachment plead
ings. Mr. Forney does up everything politi
cal in a style decidedly melo dramatic, but
unfortunately lie does not always state the
case correctly. lie sacrifices too much of
truth to mere effect. In the present instance,
the case has closed and the proper addendum
would be ''Congress keeps the people waiting."
The Jury have heard all the evidence—have
retired to make up a verdict—but it is an
nounced that they have pocketed the papers
and intend to withhold the verdict until
after the Chicago Radical Convention. The
illness of one of the Jurors might be an
apology'for delay until begot bitter—well
enough to send in his vote: but certainly not
for waiting until “after the Chicago Conven-
tiou. r
Is it to be charged or insinuate
Senators, upon their oath to do
cerdinj
consult
Chicago as to what is to be gained
by the party on a verdict of guilty
AGRICULTURAL.
What Real Sherry Wine Is.
A VISIT TO THE WINE VAULTS OF JEREZ—WINE
108 YEARS OLD—THE STUFF THAT IS 8ENT
TO THE UNITED STATES.
to the country under a wise and equitable | guilty, before they finally determine the
management ol
ever, in perusing
its affairs. We find, how
the report, that Mr. King
has really stumbled on the key to most of the
railroad troubles at the South, his o\\ n among
the rest, though his sagacious mind seems
not to lmvc suggested to him the way obput-
tiug it to practical use. We quote ins ex
act language, for it contains an important
thought, which all railroad men sliouM re
member, and reduce to practice. He says:
“In previous reports, the Directors have
stated their reasons for the belief that the
only reliable resource for profits is i c local
business, or the business of the country natu
rally tributary to the Road.
"This; as a general truth, becomes more ob
vious as railroads multiply' and competition
I increases. Previous to the institution of rail-
! roads, the marts of commerce, as well as the
I hailing channels of communication with
: them, were generally established by nature.
They are now established, or mainly con-
| trolled, by money, and the labor and enter-
i prise of man. No distant or throdgh bu&i-
•ry way ] ne-s can be -safely relied on. By new lines, it
noblest I is constantly liable to be diverted, or rates
| run down by competition below the paying
I point. Judging by the pa.-t, our locai liusi-
‘ f CUsc ! mis should not only pay, but pay well.”
Correspondence of the Providence Journal.]
Seville, Spain, April 8, 1868.
Fifty miles north, from Cadiz, Spain, di
rectly in the heart of a lovely rolling country,
and near the beautiful river so famous in
song and legend, the Guadalquivir, lies an
old'Spanish town founded more than two
thousand years ago by the Romans. To the
Spaniard it is known by tile name of Jeri-z,
to the French by the name of Xeres; to the
Americans, English anil the world generally,
it is familiar as the headquarters and depot
for the famous Sherry Wine. The Spaniards
declare that no Englishman or American has
ever been able to properly pronounce “Jerez,"
and certainly it is impossible to give on pa
per an idea ot tile name as it sounds falling
from a native tongue. O’Shea, in his guide
book,'attempts it thus: “Cbgherris,” but it
i gives a poor if any idea. Foreigners, geuer
that grave a jj yj therefore, make an abortive attempt and
justice kc- j S ay “Ilarrez.'’ or more wisely call it “the
to the. Constitution, are desirous to sherry p ; ace. ’
, i - j . i , A few days since, our party wen. Irom
the assembled party fu 0 lemen at Cadiz to Jerez by rail, and having engaged
I'u^ns in tlie comfortable hotel. Started with
a guide for an immediate inspection of the
most celebrated of the wine vaults, those of
Peter Domc.-q, Esq. We were led through
narrow, dirty streets, lined with the low
whito-wasUed bouses which compose the
Spanish towns, until, crossing a little plaza
or square, we stopped in front of a large and
elegant house. At first we imagined that our
o-uide must have mistaken our intentions and
conducted us to the private residence of Sr.
Domesq, instead of his wine vaults; but as
none ot our party spoke Spanish, we deter
mined to enter and trust to find some one
who couhl converse in French or English.—
Passing through the gateway, we entered a
most beautiful court, paved with handsome
black and white marble tiles, while in the
center were blooming a most lovely collection
. .1 I of flowers. The "corridors around the
tins case the parties -o the suit are the i yan j w ere supported by most graceful marble
President and the Radicals. It is true they columns, and the whole effect of the court
have made the paapU parties, but it is a mere \ was to gire one an idea of princely wealth
legal fiction. The people have nothing to do , : - IK l elegance. ,
_ c ° Then tin a stairway, into a long, low room,
witli it. 1 liree- quarters ot them utterly I farther end of which a gentlemuu
condemn it. It is a movement by reckless i advanced and received our letter of lntruduc-
f.aity leaders 'for tiiiir own advantage, and tion. Iu this room, so cool, so quiet, and
the people will lie very apt to say the Senate j contrasting so strangely with the small and
, 1 .. , . j. . narrow offices of our merchant .princes, the
lias adjourned this verdict over to Chicago,; y £‘ of this extensive house are con-
in order to bring tbe pressure of the Con- | ( j uc tcd. To an American, accustomed to the
vention to bear upon refractory Senators—or rush and excitement of trade, as managed at
to shift the responsibility—or to determine, home, it seemed strange and out ot place to
citation, what kind of a ! enter tids q«et room, and expect there to
1 enter into business discussion and bargains.
answer .' If such a thing were charged, will
not the world concede that the Senate have
clearly laid t beui stives open to it? We sup
pose no previous Senate of the United States
would have ventured upon such a course for
any consideration. They would have con
sidered it a clear compromise of reputation.
If a petit juror, in charge of a case involving
the amount of five dollars, 13 seen, after the
evidence and before the verdict, hobnobbing
privately with one of the parties to the suit,
lie is disgraced. He may be talking about
the weather, but people will sot believe it.
b
after a general co
lanagers
nevi
railroad _
loco! business, or the
in it nr.;' lif tributes ry' ’
and “most reliable
if the South. If “the
business of the country
lo a road, be its beet
resource for profit-,”
v >Lii.iige it i:- that, as a general rule,
little effort has been made to encourage,
iet w; 1 build up that business. The usual
mit to suet treatment by a juiy in a case be- streets, in some parts so narrow that
fore a Justice’.'. Court, involving five dollars. | ] (0 tli walls could be touched at one", and in
■ « * « j which we were obliged to dodge every little
contradictory FEDERAL LBG1SLA- while into an open doorway to avoid a line
TIO.Y. _ j of loaded donkeys who would fill the whole
It is next to impossible for the Southern ’ way, brought us to the vaults. Our letters
people to find out exactly what is required j were again presented, this time through a
he Radical legislation at Wash- i S rate ? ";>ndow, and soon the heavy door Wu
unlocked and we passed
foster, and build up that business. Tl.e usual j of them by tuc ua i.ca. legislation at iv asu- j and pM8ed int0 the vaults. I
practice of oar railroad men is to consider | ingtoc; if, indeed the latter know themseives : j 3 necessar y to guard the aults with heavy
that portion of their business as secured fast half the time what they arc doing. One day • bolts and bars, for serious consequences might
Wn--TheCincinnati Gazette an ultra I by the law of necessity—they hold it as o ' we have one demand nrule ns, and tbe j follow, should a crowd break into them.
&Afaa has a double-leaded* leader in • monop.Iy-it coaid not go elsewhere :f it j next still another wholly inconsistent with One imagines,
[ Tuesday in which it concedes j would—the parties residing on our line arc I the first. 'i he suffrage question, for instance,
Court of Im- obliged to patronize 4is whether they wish has got into an inexplicable muddle. The
il of the i to or not. and consequently we have the Ominibus bill— as it iscalled—just passed by
. „ ... I power of dictating onr own terms. Has not the House, deprives the Southern Stales of
«»> ■ - — such be. a the general policy of our railroads, j all power to change tile suffrage features of J j n dr y t airy places, where no damp
tmGrant on the Tsst Oath.—Ac- \ and in proof of the fuct is .'.t not true that j tlicir '■ ladical Constitutions, and yet the same I reach it. The wine vaults ac Jerez, then,
Wuhiiu'ion t-! grain in the ! the people residing alocg-tbe line of a rail- Congress requires of the same Stales, as a j arc built on tins principle, and consist of
edtTtlepraents in th
indicate the acquitti
when speaking of. win
vaults, chambers, deep under ground, dark
and damp, and filled with cobwebs aui
mould. But those of Jerez are of entirely
different character. Sherry will not bear
being kept in cellars where it is exposed to
moisture and mould, but must always be
u i
r York Herald, General Grant hi
Ktu Giwra! Meade that -tho oath
Wbjtksreconstruction acts to betaken ' They are charged high
i wins “elect dor appointed” to ofiSce other people for both
tvo-called 'St at is" of tire South is not | and tbs w.iole policy
iota by tk -e elected under any new
'-Jan which maybe adopted unless
LuiitstibO itstJf so provides. This is
i t Ci'ne'.u.dua at which any fair minded
<’At arrive, and wo were surprised
itw«s announced that General Meade
widr.i to apply the iron-cifd oath to
bn of the George Legislature just
'Yaterraelons are abundant in Suiuter
'.CD the St. Johns.
Ai exhibiting a specimen of
'•r of people whom Radicalism
i into important public ollicsa in Gcur
ie copy the following paragraph from
NTtnnah Republican of Thursday:
WkhI Official ut Limbo.—On Tuesday
giad jury of the Superior Court found a
II against Richard \V. White, negro,
of the Superior Court, by virtue of tbe
Uhnw of iianda at the Court-House, for
S J of cotton after s trdst delegated. A
i warrant was issued for his nrriet and
l in the hands of Officer lease Basset],
searched for'White all the evening, and
■arrested him about lo’elm-k > < svnlav
’-ag am] lodged him in jail Yesterday
* gave bonds in tbe um of one thou
ijllaia for his appearance to answer to
:; «go against him.
'^uxt Bates, is reported, being
1 buttered to take a tour through New
d upon the same conditions on which
■pJtktrn tour.was performed, gives the
reasons why such an undertaking i into
to a great risk : for pas
.-Toundertake n journey through the
kgland States without money is equiv-
IJ 4 starvation. Second—To travel
’hat region with money he ran a
I of bcin j robbed on tbe way.
: Trade Movement.—A meeting was
I* York on Wednesday last, ns
• tliocall, “ of those in favor of aban-
I ?th* protective policy by adopting tbe
j >•'of taxation lor revenue only,” and
| T iry distinguished aus])ices. The cull
by President Barnard, of Columbia
d Rev. Drs. Woolsey, Bacon,, Fisher
■'ftcr,of Yale College; President llay-
°f Vasiar College; Professors Perry
^om»of Will lams College; Dr. I ran
■‘•tor, William C. Bryant, Jackson S.
l -LGeorgo Opdyko, of New Y'ork, and
°tk*Tprominent American scholars and
, The speakers promised were Dr.
r-Edward Atkinson, of .Boston; Rev
l^ine, Stokes, and others.
!• Logan’* triumphant dispatch to the
J 7*tipskire Repnblieau Convention, an-
I ■* tbe success ol impeachment, and
L*^ M pairing exclamation llashed over
■ . 1:cs two ilaj; thereafter that
■ I had gone to hell," illustrates the
' * of life. It is not worth while
•re of anything. Even the negro s
; l got out of his hands and took to
The telegrams anil the letter
now pronouncing impeach-
, ’ : it it is best not to be too sure of
•• »pe it is dead, but we want to
: ' ir on his back—claws upward
! -'l—tongue out and beginning to
pronouncing definitely on the
E’dicul schemes have displayed
tenacity of life. No political
a >n this country ever had so
i: . v and pluck aa they.
• in- ! toad are, almost invariably, inimical to it and
pre- j complaining of its arbitrary impositions.—
:r in proportion than
freight and passage,
ot the road townrd
them e ins to -say, “We have you iu our
power :1 wo intend to grin 1 you.
Now, ve submit, is this the proper treat
ment f r anybody toward hi* “best and most
ivliaUe" customersS Isit wisoto put largo
and regular patrons on harder terms than a
man who throw s you it penny once in six
mouths or two years f Is the farmer, who
visits nis market town five or six times a year,
nod pa\ s lu ge amounts into the treasury of a
oad, entitled to less consideration than n
tranger from a ilistancc who passes over the
the j line once a year on his trip to the North ?—
has ! We think not, and yet such is the practical
economy* of Southern railroads. T iirough
freights and passage, which, ns Mr. King
truly says, “nr.- constantly liable to be di
ver.id” by competing lines, are reduced
to the lowest figures possible, while way
freights and passage—permanent biaiuess -
i-taxed in order to extend the privilege,.—
Wo maintain that this is neither justice r.or
sound policy. It wrongs the public and
eventually banns the road.
Never was there a better time than the
present for the Inauguration ol a salutary re
form in our railroad management. After all,
it turns out that the people have some power
even over monopolies. They must send
their produce and bring their supplies, but
they are nut obliged to travel, and just litre
the railroads are losing thousand
monopoly prices, which they might
their coffers by a liberal system of rates
ngers. Tho trains are obliged to
run. and it costs about as much to run them
empty as to run them full. If the companies
would only reduce their way fares one-haJf,
wo are convinced they would overcome, in a
great measure, the losses arising from the
“impoverishment of the country through
which they pass,” and make friends instead
of enemies of the public. Their local travel
would be quadrupled, and the cities at either
end would be built up and their languish
ing trade revived.
These suggestions are not intended ns a
scold for any particular road. They are
prompted by the report of Mr. King, and are
given to the public with a sincere desire to
promote, ns far as we can, the best interests of
both the roads and tuc people.
;, by
bring
condition indispcnsiblc to rcconstruction, to
ratify an amendment to the Constitution of
the United States which icscrves all power
over the question of suffrage to the Eta.Ua /—
One section of that amendment reads as fol
lows :
Sec. 2. Representatives shall h<- apportioned
among the several States according to their
respective number of persons in each State,
excluding Indians not taxed. But when tbe
right to vote at any election for the choice
ot electors for President and ‘Vice-President
of the United States, representatives in Con
gress, executive and judicial officers of a
State, or tiic members of the Legislature
thereof, is denied any of the male inhabi
tants of such State being twenty-one yearsof
age and citizens of the United States, or in any
way abridged except for participation in re
bellion or other crime, the basis of represen
tation therein shall be reduced in the propor
tion which the number of such mnlc citizens
shall bear to the whole number of male citi
reus twenty-one years of age in such State.”
Here, remarks a Virginia contemporary, it
is expressly conceded that every State has the
rbriit to say who shall vote in that State, but
in order to prevent the Southern States from
depriving the negroes of the right of suf-
frage, it is provided that the negroes shall
not be represented in Congress at all unless
the male negroes are allowed to vote. This,
when ratified, if ratified at all, will be a part
of the Federal Constitution ; while the law
providing fur the admission of the States will
at most be nothing but an act of Congress,
not to say an unconstitutional act of Con
gress. The act will of course have to yield
to the Constitution, and so the stringent con
ditions proposed by Mr. Stevens will amount
to nothing.
a negro offender in Taliaferro coun
ty jail lias been admitted to bail, but*re-
niains in prison because lie can find no one
to t-L'ii bis bond that will swear lie is worth
five hundred dollars over and above his
debts. <||
Arrest of a Carpet-Bagger,—We b-arn
from the Tallahassee Sentinel that Liberty
Bellin-s, one oftlie recently imported indi
viduals who attempted to control the Florida
election, was arrested on the night of the
5th inst., by the military authorities, on the
charge of impeding the Reconstruction Acts,
lie was sent to Fort Marion at St. Augustine.
Senator Howard’s Illness.—A special
dispatch to the Louisville Courier says that
the illness of Howard hail a good deal of
pretense in it. lie was seen on the streets
the very day lie was too ill to vote.
Man with a Sore Head.—John A. Wimpy,
a Radical aspirant to office, whines through
a half column of the Era, to 6liow liow’ it
came about that Christie beat him for Con
gress. The grave sum of his complaint is
that Christie got tho most votes.
Sale or tiii: Florida Central Rail-
koad.—The Jacksonville Union say3: “On
Monduv last, pursuant to notice, J. C. Gree-
lev. Esq , Deputy Collector United States In
ternal Revenue, sold the F. A. & G. O. R. R.,
at oublic auction, at the office cf the Super
intendent in Jacksonville, for the non pay
ment of United States taxes. All parties in
terested were present at the sale. 1 lie engine
-Gen. Leo” was sold to Col. Sanderson for
five dollars; the engine “Stonewall” to some
party for ten dollars; the engines “Columbia,
“Jacksonville” and "Perry,” with six freight
cars, to E. Houston, President of the P. A
ib R. It. for one hundred dollars, and the
Railroad from Jacksonville to Lake City,
with its depots, grounds, etc., to Col. Hous
ton, for seven thousand live hundred dollars.
We trust the sale will bc-final and settle all
questions as to the rigfits and liabilities of
the present owners of the road.”
Alabamians Chained i.ike Dogs.—The
Pensacola Observer of Saturday says that :
“Seven young gentlemen, from Greene coun
tv Ala., were prisoners aboard tbe Lavaca
which touched at the wharf yesterday, ou
their way to the Dry Tortugas. They were
manacled and chained together and guarded
bv sixteen bayonets. They were sentenced
by a military court, sitting at Selma, to hard
labor for one and two years. The heinous
which they were convicted as we
crime for .....— —., , ..
have understood, was, that one of the youn - -
men struck a “carpet-bagger” by the name of ready to be shipped to America - «nd was
large stone buildings erected on the ground,
perhaps two liuudred feet long, one hundred
wide, and from the floor to the centre of the
roof some forty feet high. At the top of the
solid stonewalls forming the sides, are nu
merous grated windows, through which a
constant current of air is flowing. In these
rooms, or vaults, staudtbe long rows of pipes
containing the wine piled three tiers high.—
There the wine remains yearafter year, evap
orating, concentrating, and, of course, in
creasin'* in value constantly, until at last it
changes from the light colored, raw sherry,
into a dark, Thick, murky-looking wine,
wbieh demands a most fabulous price.
YVe began with the vaults containing the
lower priced wines, about three hundred
dollars per pipe, and small glasses of it were
kindly given us. We then passed into
another large vault, were the higher priced
wines were kept, and again samples of the
various kinds were submitted for our exam
ination. First we had a sherry at four hun
dred dollars in gold per pipe, and it cer
tainly was a supeab article. Then came a
dry sherry, at five hundred dollars per pipe,
hue to one with a taste not accustomed to it,
it is generally not as pleasant as the common
sherry. Then came sweet wines, which the
ladies declared delicious, but the gentlemen
disliked. As we proceeded we tasted n
sherry of every kind, at six hundred, seven
hundred and fifty, eight hundred and fifty
and nine hundred dollars per pipe, but being
unused to these rich old wipes we one and
all preferred the four liuudred to the nine
hundred dollar sherry.
At last we were conducted to an immense
cask, named “Napoleon,” from which was
drawn a dark murky looking wine, which
seemed as “solid” as a wine could be. Upon
tasting it, we declared it admirable, but it
was a sherry so valuable that no price has
been set on it, because no one would be wil
ling to pay wliatit is really worth. In 1730
this house possessed twenty-five casks of what
was then known to be at least twenty-five
years old sherry. From that time to this
they have zealously kept this wine, until
from evaporation the quantity has been re
duced so that it now fills but five casks, auil
to-day they exhibit this wipe whose value
might be reckoned at so much per drop, to
show what sherry will eventually become
from age anil concentration. Let no one
hope ever to taste the best of sherry, unless
he makes a pilgrimage to Jerez, and drink at
the monster cask “Napoleon.”
The house of Peter Domesq is one of the
oldest of the Jerez firms, and, to-day, I sup
pose stands at tlie Lead, judging by the
quality of their wines. They have no wine
less than two hundred and fifty dollars per
pipe, and none which they recommend under
three hundred. From this their prices range
up to nine hundred per pipe. All these prices
are of course in gold. They send but little
wine to Acaerica, because either owing to tbe
heavy Custom House dues, or an almost total
want of appreciation ot good wine on ihc
part of Americans, tlie orders come mostly
for cheaper wines than this house deal in. I
sav, mostly, for of course, there are a few
firms in New York and Boston who import a
small amount of really good sherry, but I am
assured by more than one Jerez bouse, that
they send but little of the higher priced
wines across the water.
At the vaults of GoDzales, Byaas & Co.,
who are also extensive wine merchants in
Jerez, I saw a large quantity of wine, valued
at from ninety to a hundred dollars per pipe,
freight expenses, and the heavy percentage re
alized by the American wine merchant, it
wenld prove to be a very high priced wine in
Jerez, if indeed it were so fortunate as to
come from there at all. But “where igno
rance is bliss "tis folly,” etc., and if my friends
at home are content with the article they gen
erally find for sale there, it is better that Isay
no more about the wine vaults of Jerez and
genuine sherry.
Planting Irish Potatoes.
From the Cultivator and Jlaral fit ntleman.]
A great diversity lit opinion exists on the
subject of planting whole, '-utting iu large
pieces, and cutting to single eyes, as well as
in relation to the deptli and distance for
planting. All admit that planting potatoes
whole, produces a greater number of stalks
and more and smaller potatoes. The only
advantage of employ ing whole potatoes, is
that tln vdonot dry up so soon when planted
late or in very dry earth. It will rarely
happen thstt good, yrcll pulverized soil will
lie found so dry as to require whole seed.—
Planting in lulls both ways may do for weedy
land, as more of the work may lie done by
horse cultivation than when in drills or in
rows, but in one direction. The last named
mode, however, will generally yield nearly
double, as more of the soil is occupied with
the tubers.
The practice of cutting to three or four
eyes, or to a single eye, must depend on cir
cumstance-. For ordinary management, or
where tile finest culture and best care cannot
be given, pieces with three or four eyes may
be planted, twelve to twenty incites apart in
tlie row. This is tho mode now most gener
ally adopted by tbe better class of cultivators.
But if tlie soil is in the finest condition, a
large.' crop, with more uniformly large pota
toes, may be obtained by adopting tlie single
eye mode. For this purpose the tubers should
be of fair size, and bo cut some days before
planting, so as to form a thin, dry crust on
the cut surface before depositing in the
ground. Some cultivators regard it as im
portant to roli the pieces in slacked lime or
plaster, while others entirely disregard it.—
We are unable to say what amount or value
the practice possesses. The distance should
not exceed eight or ten inches in the row,
lint, may vary with tlie character of the varie
ty, for spreading at the top and at the roots
—some varieties forming more compact
masses of tubers than others.
There is another point upon which opinions
differ—namely, the influence of the size ot
tile geed. It is commonly believed that small
potato.-- reproduce small ones, and that the
crop i • smaller than from large potatoes.—
This opinion is partly correct and partly er
roneous. When small potatoes are planted,
culls are commonly used to finish out vacan
cies and spare pieces of ground, which re
ceive less care tfian the better and earlier
planted portions of the crop. Again, small
potatoes are oftener planted whole, yielding
numerous stems aud tubers at the. expense ot
quantity. Hence the common opinion that
small potatoes reproduce small ones. The
truth is, that the tubers are strictly under
ground swollen stems, tho eyes being the
buds; and large ones tend, no more tore-
produce large ones than large sticks used for
gratting will ultimately make the largest
trees, or than small trees set from a nursery
will never spread out and foint such bearers
as lifl-g - nursery trei s.
When the large and small potatoes are out
alike, with .the same number of eyes, and
planted in fine mellow earth, at a proper
depth, where the moisture is sufficient to im
part vigor to both without drying, the dif
ference in the size of tbe potatoes yielded will
be scarcely perceptible. This experiment we
have repeatedly performed, and it accords
with many reported results, where the above
mentioned precautions are taken. There is
generally, however, a difference in favor of
tho larger seed, ascertained by careful mea
suring. and resulting, doubtless, from the
greater vigor at tlie outset given to the young
plants by the larger quantity of nutriment iu
the pieces. This difference, small as it is,
and generally imperceptible to tbe eye, is,
however, sufficient to amount to several, and
sometimes many bushels per acre—sufficient
to warrant the selection of good medium
sized potatoes for seed.
Two inches, or two and a li.-df inches in
diameter 13 a suitable size. If much larger,
they arc.littlc or no better, although requir
ing a large additional amount ol seed per
acre. For example—a potato three inches in
diameter contains more than three times the
bulk uf one two inches in diameter, and
twenty-seven times the bulk of oue an inch
in diameter. A large potato, measuring four
inches, will be sixty-four times the bulk of
one measuring but an inch, and consequently
sixty-dour bushels of the larger potatoes
would be required to afford as many eyes or
steins as would be found in a single bushel
of inch potatoes.
The tuber resembles the graft or shoot in
another respect. The eyes at or near what is
termed the root end are smaller and more
dormant than those at the eye end, in pre
cisely the same way that the lower buds of a
shoot on a tree are smaller, and are more
tardy in breaking than the upper buds, while
the terminal bud, like the terminal buds of
the potato, is larger, and breaks sooner or
more freely than any other. It is for this
reason that those who raise potatoes for early
market cut off the eye cuds and keep them
in a separate basket for early planting—re
serving tbe rest for tlie main crop, and re
jecting the root cud altogether.
farm and garden.
can be excavated each day. The vast beds
of this material are contiguous to navigable
water, and the precious earth can be readily
and economically shipped? There is but one
other deposit of phosphate similar to this of
the Ashley river known to exist in the world,
and this 13 in tbe North of England, where
it is found in what is technically known to
miners as a “pocket.” This important dis
covery and its practical development will
work’untold good to the South, as well as
benefit to the agricultural interest of tlie
North, East and West. The Suur.y South
is nearest- to this, restorer of weakened arable
lands, and l.cr wide but fallow fields can
easily be made to blossom as the rose, by
means of tlie phosphate, found iu such abun
dance near the city of Charleston.
Gentlemen Farmers iu Prussia.
A Paris correspondent says: “Emile de
Laveleyc has just contributed an article in
the Heine des Deux Morales, in which an in
teresting account is given of tlie progress
made by Prussia during sixjv years of peace.
Writing on Agriculture, he points out that
nearly ail the land owners cultivate their own
estates; except for detached portions, rent
ing is the exception. They are, therefore, re
tained in the country by the care of their
own interests, for nothing im>re imperiously
requires the i-yo of the master than rural in
dustry. It is true they are aided by a class
of employes who are not found iu any other
country. They are educated young men be
longing to families in a good position, often
just leaving an agricultural college, who re
main for a certain time on some large estate
to initiate themselves in the practical direc
tion of one of their own.”
“The novit iate is an ancient custom still pre
served in many trades. Thus, frequently, tho
son of a hotel keeper will not hesitate to enter
another hotel, as l.-utleror waiter (Keliner) to
he initiated into all tlie details of the service
u 1 ui ' nv^;, ' which one day he will have to preside,
ind "and | When any one visits tlie farms (Rittergutter;
era veil v soils and the lighter loams of differ- i he is astonished to see as superintendent the
ent quidities beans, I12 thinks, do not ripen son of a banker, a baron or a rich and
and fil out so well They show a strong ten- j °™, cr - ] ht5 j pe°P e a c “«. ° r
denev to keep growing, blossoming and set- guide a plough. A noon they re urn, grotto
SoSsulfuti.cj„ k.:k, 1,-1
1 or,™ „n
manner on Unlit f£ia»cii\ ?>oiis, out k iuoli m . , . . ,
uiuuuci 1 u o j ’ n„. same their working dress, and resume, with-
never on heavier anct stroncei l&ods. Uui ! . a . . ’ . .*
nuvtr uim j® j out anv ia>u ?i!nirK\ their rustic occupation,
formers will (lo Well tO IllftKC <1 Ol .litSL * .. 1 • .. , , • . 1 • c
" — Ihus we find in feudal Prussia a trait of
rj suited to tuc Democratic society of
Griwitto Oucumbers in Drills. The
best way I have found to raiso cucumbers is
to plow a deep furrow where I wished them
to grow. Fill it even full with rotten ma
nure, and cover that with fine dirt mixing
it somewhat with the manure. Sow the seed
on top in a shallow drill, dropping it in lib
erally not more than an inch apart, and coyer
an inch deep with fine mould. If the seed is
oooil the plants will come up so thick ana
"row s° vigorously as to bid defiance to
stripped bugs or any other insect enemy—at
least, such lias been my experience. When
hirr'c enough, thin out to a proper distance,
about one vine to every foot. On each side
of the row I plant either cabbage, sweet corn
or early potatoes, which afford room tor the
cucumber vines to run between the bids. A.
Owen, in Cultivator.
Best Soil for Beans.—it is generally
supposed that white beans will grow on a
weak soil which will produce hardly any
thing else. But is that opinion correct?—
Wilf beans grow better on a poor soil than
other vegetables ? We think there is some
mistake hi this matter, and our belief is that
a poor soil will produce only a poor crop ot
beaus just ss it does everything else. True, a
barren, sandy soil will often grow quite a
crop of sorrel, but then the sorrel don’t grow
as well as it would on richer lands if it were
permitted to grow at all 011 them.
Farmers usually select light, gravelly soil
for the growth of beans, believing they will
produce a more abundant crop on that than
on richer, stronger lands. But we venture
the opinion that they make a mistake in the
selection ot such soils tor tiitir beans. A
correspondent of tlie Country Gentleman,
writing from Orleans county, N. Y., says : “It
is pretty well understood in this country that
white beans do the best on a rather heavy or
clayey soil. On such soils they ripen up
much better and more evenly—making muclr
less time and labor necessary to cure and
cure them in good order. ’ On
Wticn
a time, 1 manl
I the Un
a small portion ot the beans ripens
it is a difficult task to take care of and prop
erly cure the green beans and tlie vines, j l ^ c - . ,
When put toaether in the process of curing, | especia,
the green ones damage the ripe one;, and the ;
consequence is a poor lot ol beans is har
vested. The green beaus are easily damaged j
by exposure, soon turn to a dark color, and !
bring a low price in the market. . .
remedy for such M evil is to- pick them ad j rof[ and ‘;f rol c d ddtvn to Vh
IS i... and which hereafter will
neral. In France,.and in England
a young man of the upper class
would believe his dignity compromised in
performing the work of a farm laborer.”
Piscatory Sport.
The only
ick them all
over bv hand, which is a tedious operation,
to say the least o.f it. The better way is to ! Irom ." , -
sclc-et proper soils where the Leans will
lie 11 net i<
rive
Tiie Wheat Crop.-—Our exchanges from
East Tennessae give gratifying accounts of
tlie prospect of the coming wheat crop in
their sections. The wheat throughout Lee,
Scott, and Washington counties, Virginia,
looks only tolerable.—Bristol News.
We understand that the wheat crop of
Caswell is Jooking finely. We saw a gentle
man who had recently travelled over a large
portion of Pittsylvania and Halifax counties,
and lie reports the prospect in those counties
also as fine.—Danville Times.
The wheat crop east of the Ridge, and also
•in the Valley, is looking well. Tlie farmers
have.been much delayed in planting corn by
tlie abundance of rain that lias fallen within
the past mouth.
Fine Wheat.—The Wytheville Dispatch
has seen wheat on Dr. Gage’s farm nearly
three feet high, and heading beautifully, the
heads being now nearly two and three-quar
ter inches leng.
ripen at a time, and then there is no trouble ; '*
in taking care of them and preparing them !
for the pot or the market.
We don’t think much ot the practice of I
planting beans among corn as many of our ,
farmers seem to do. 8uch a practice must !
necessarily injure the crop of corn, while the I
crop of beans is not a fit compensation Ibr ■
that injury. Besides, every farmer must have 1
observed that beans, thus planted, are very j
uneven qbout ripening. When .the time |
comes to haiV.it them to keep th.-r.:
from tlie frost, many green one’s will b • lound, 1
and perhaps some blossoms, and hence the
time and trouble required to harvest and pre- j
pare them for market.—Portland Press.
To Protect Corn from the Cut-Wohm. j
There seems to lie different opinions about j
tbe advantages of soaking corn in gas tar. I
previous to planting. Ourown experience i;, j
that unless the season is very wet, tb
acts upon a grain of corn as
plied to roots and fences to preserve* them,
by preventing the access of moisture. The
coating ot tar interferes witli the absorption
by the corn of the amount ot moisture neces
sary for germination. Ours lias 'aid in the
ground for weeks in the same pontiition as
when planted, the tar first, and then the
plaster it was rolled on covering it com
pletely, and apparently preventing its sprout
ing. A far better plan to keep off the cut
worm is to drop a tablespoonful of coarse salt
upon the top ot each hill, soon after planting.
This is carried down by the rain?, aud acts as
a fertilizer besides destroying the cut-worm.
Salt is peculiarly obnoxious to this class of
insects, and perhaps all classes.—Practical
Farmer.
took-my hsmng
fiver, and choso
'.ariiim a (i'll of about halt a
live bait; I dropped this into
y yards beyond the
i allowed it to swim
tream, so as to ps;a
i descend the channel
For about ten minutes
wice tried the same
Nothing would ad-
iad
the
a rock, away dashed
mendooB ruali that follow;
heavy fish. Trusting to tlie m
ackle, I struck hard and fixe
uglily, but o
nr about fifty t
line
the
und-
i my
ffnuinel
’. 1 force, and bv the great su
it dot-3 when ap- ; sa , v j wa3 bringing him to
uiL-ii suuuK 11 t:;u /t* w »q 0 v. . j - - - - r.i
Hilt—a miserable creature who is said to again told that they send but little ol tlie
‘ r — L higher brands to the United States.
As will be seen from the prices, if you will
drink good wine, you must pay high for it.
A pipe of wine contains one hundred and
— j c. , eight gallons, anti each gallon fills five bot-
entlemen standing on tbe deck of that j ties. At one hundred dollars per pipe, it is
have been expelled irom the Masonic frater
nity and tlie Methodist ministry for stealing
bogs from his neighbors. Tiiey were all
young men of liigli respectability and refine
ment. To blc these seven young Southern
steamer,chained like dogs, was well calculated
to cause the blood to boi! and scathe, aud tbe
heart to throb with emotions which we are
compelled to conceal for fear that an expres
sion of them might condemn us to a like pun-
isbm«t.”
worth almost ninety-two cents per gallon,
and eighteen cents per bottle.
At four hundred per pipe, about three dol ]
lars and seventy cents per gallon, and seven
ty-five cents per bottle. At nine hundred per tilizer,
pipe, it is about eight dollars and thirty-three
cents per gallon, and one dollar and sixty-
seven cents per bottle. When, therefore, one
South Carolina Bone Phosphate.—Some
time ago the Charleston papers announced
the discovery, upon the Ashley River, a large
deposit of bone phosphate, invaluable fqr
fertilizing purposes, which we were in hope
would materially assist iu restoring wealth
and fertility to that unfortunate and afflicted
region. Wc have observeil nothing further
upon the subject except tlie following from
the Baltimore Gazette of the 11th :
The fact of tho discovery of a large deposi
of bone phosphate on Ashley River, South
Carolina, was noticed sometime ago, and it
was said to be of a very superior quality. The
steamer Falcon, which arrived at this port
on Saturday, brought a consignment of sixty
tons to Robert Turner & Son and Charles J.
Baker. It is said to contain from seventy-
nine to eighty percent, of pure bone phos
phate. Many of the pieces appeav to have
been the bones of immense animals, and the
formation of some of them are still very dis
tinct. Among them is tlie tooth of tbe shnrk
in a good state of preservation. The deposit
is said to range in deptli from eight inches
to five feet, and to cover several thousand
acres. A large tract cf land has been pur
chased by the parties to whom the Falcon
brought the first consignment, and it promis
es to be an important branch of trade to Bal
timore, because of the ease with which it can
be obtained, and its superior quality as afer-
Foultry Raising ou a Large Scale,
A correspondent of tlie New York Even
ing Post furnishes notices of farms in West
chester county, among them the Highland I
Farm, owned and carried on by Mr. Lelan-I.
He give3 the following account of Mr. Le-
land’s success in raising poultry on a large
scale:
Passing from these general
on Highland Farm
that ha$ been pronounced impo
ou with magnitude, namely, the raising o!
poultry.
To diia business is appropriated about
seven acres of land, off tiie highest part !) t
which are two large houses—one ot wood
and one ot stone—the interiors ot which are
fitted up for the movable m-sts. In the centre
of these large rooms is a fire-place lor the
purpose of warming the fowls in jvinter. At
the side of the enclosure is an artificial pond
for ducks, and the running water that passes
through the dairy, furnishes the chickens
with the same necessary article. As Mr. Ice
land has had astonishing succtss in raising
poultry, tve asked him what was the secret,
and he promptly replied, cleanliness is tlie
great desideratum; alter that the greatest
attention to comfort.
We observed that the nest boxes were ail
removed from tlie building, aud were under
going a cleansing from the rain, dews and
whitewash. The interior of the building was
thickly coated with lime, preparatory to the
reception of the nest boxes-. Under such a
system, vermin, the enemy ot chickens, have
no chance for life. Throughout this house-
cleaning the chickens are locked out of the
house and compelled for the time being to
roost on tlie surrounding trees. The last
year there were ra’sed five hundred ducks
and geese, four hundred and fitty turkeys,
and three thousand chickens.”
ll.’OUt t’
>f lie Tiii.
naturally down :!
across the junction
bet ween the Till roi
I had 110 run: I hi
water without succ
miro my charming bait, when ji
reached the favorite turning point
extremity
with the.
attack of
mss of nu
new acquaintanc
dashed down the stream ft
at otic rush, making for
between two rocks, through which the stream
ran like a mil! race.
Should he pass this channel I knew he
would cut the line across the rock; therefore,
giving him the butt. I liekl him by main
swirl in tlie water, I
the surface ; but
just as I expected to see him, my float having
already appeared,-away he darted in another
direction, taking sixty or seventy yards of
line without a check. I at once observed
that lie must pa ? a shallow sandbank favor
able for landing a heavy fish; I therefore
j checked him as he reached this spot, and
: folio-, ved him down tho bank, reeling upline
as I ran parallel with his course. Now cau-e
the tug of war 1 I knew my hooks were
good and the line sound, therefore I was de
termined hot to let him escape beyond the
favorable ground; and I put a strain upon
him that, after much struggling, brought to
the surface a great shovel-head, followed by
a pair of broad silv- r sides, as I led him grad
ually into shallow v.'ater. Bachect now elev-.
erly secured him by the gills, and dragged
him in triumph to tbe shore. This was a
splendid bayard, of at least forty pounds
weight.
“I laid my prize upon some green reeds,
and covered it carefully with the same cool
material. I then replaced my bait by a lively
fish, and once more tried the river. In a very
short time I had another run, and landed a
small fish of about nine pounds, of the same
species. Not wishing to catch fish of that
The first negro divorce iu this State, . • . , „
ron ao ran ted at the last term of the Circuit buys at home-good sherry wme at two dollars
™ r f for Oktibbeha county. Judge H. W. ! per bottle, iu currency, it i«*harcUy to be sup-
Foo[e, presiding.- Viclsburg Herald. ' posed that after deducting the custom dues,the
these general items, we find 1 P u f ^ and ,, thre , w i! , ubout
arm a successful enterprise. “>'ty f, ards , lu 0 * hc well «P a
4 • * • t apri allowed tbenoat to sweep the uater in a
nounced tmao,,„:, it earned ^ thus taliing the c , 1( [ ncfi of different
distances front the shore. For about half an
hour nothing moved. I was just preparing
to altar my position, when out whisked my
line, and striking hard I believe I fixed the
old gentleman himself, for I had no control
over him whatever. Holding him was out of
the question ; the line flew through my hands,
cutting them until the blood flowed, and I
was obliged to let the fish take liis own way;
this lie did for about eighty yards, when lie
suddenly stopped.
This unexpected halt was a great calamity,
for the reel overran itself, having 110 check-
wheel, and the slack bends of the line caught
the. handles just as lie again rushed forward,
and with a jerk that nearly puiled the rod
from my hands, lie was gone : I found one
of i;-,v large hooks broken short off’; the con
founded reel! The fish was a monster ! After
tliis bad luck, I had no run until the evening,
when putting on a large bait, and fishing at
the tail of the rock between the stream and
still water, I once more had a grand rush and
hooked a big one. There were no rocks down
stream, and all was fair.play and Clearwater,
and away he went at a racing pace straight
for the middle of the river. To check the
pace, I grasped the line with the stuff of my
loose trowsers, and pressed it between my
fingers so as to act as a brake and compel
him to labor for every yard ; but iie pulled
like a horse, and nearly cut through the thick
o«tton cloth, making straight running tor
at least a hundred yards without a bait.
I now put so severe a strain upon him that
my strong bamboo bent nearly double, and
the fish presently so far yielded to tlie press
ure that I could enforce his running in half-
circles, instead of straight away. I kept
gaining line until I at length led him into a
shallow bay, and after a great fight, Bacheet
embraced him by tailing upon him and
clutchin" the monster with both hands and
knees; l”e then tugged to the shore a mag
nificent fish of upwards of s«^y pounds.—
For about twenty minutes lie had fought
against such a strain as I had never before
used upon a fish ; but I had now adopted
hooks of such a large size and tbickuess that
it was hardly possible for them to break, un
less snapped by a crocodile. My reel was so
loosened from the rod that had the struggle
lasted a few minutes longer, I must have been
Vanquished. This fish measured three feet
eight inches to tlie root of the tail, anu two
feet ei'dit inches in girth of shoulders; the
head measured one foot ten inches in circum
ference. It was the same species as those I
had already caught.”—Sir S. iV. Baker's Nile
2ributaries Abyssinia.
Appointment.—The Hon. W. W. Holden,
Governor elect of North Carolina, has ten
dered the position of private seretary on his
staff to Robt. Douglas, the eldest son of the ”7 ", ~~2Y _ a Vf theuhosDhate
late Senator Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois. J three to five hundred tons of the phosphate
The South Carolina Phosphate.
The Philadelphia Inquirer says:
Yesterday, two vessels arrived at Pliiliip
Chemical Works in Gamden, laden with phos
phates, brought from tlie banks of the Ashley
river, near Charleston, South Carolina. The
news of these novel arrivals soon- spread
throughout Camden, aud the phosphate ships
were besieged by a crowd eager to see what
South [Carolina had to send to New Jersey-
Visitors were permitted io examine the car
goes, and a number of sharks’ teeth and petri
tied vertebra; of marine monsters were found
in tbe phosphates. These curiosities were
highly prized by their lucky finders. But
there is hidden iu this South Carolina phos
phate something far more valuable than the
remains of the finny inhabitants of the great
deep. A careful and thorough analysis by
competent chemists has revealed tiie impor
tant fact that this phosphate contains proper
ties superior to those of all similar agents
known, and fully equal to the best guano.
This important discovery is verified beyond
peradventure, aud arrangements have been
made to bring full supplies of the phosphate
wherever it may be needed.
A revolution in agriculture is at hand.
The phosphate fields of the Ashley river are
very extensive, indeed, almost inexhaustible.
They are in the hands of a number of prom
inent Philadelphians, who have invested
largely and judiciou.ly in good and appro
priate machinery, manufactured 111 this State,
for the purpose to which # is now applied.
With the aid of these applicancies, from
Col. John G. Coltart, of Huntsville, died in
the Lunatic Asylum at Tuscaloosa, on the
16th ult., vrtiere lie had been taken a few
weeks previous at his own request. He was
Colonel of the 7th and 50th Alabama Regi
ments, during the late war, and clistinguished
himself in several battles, especially that of
Bentonville, North Carolina, in wnicn ne
ommanded a division.