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1 »—P" 1 i ' i'■ wwiwtyiw'■■ ■ i y" i ii ir ii iwpiijii ii iwnnnMp^ Tmn i tt i h ^ , i ■ i m * *•.- . • ■ / , • IT.. ? Vv > *»#.«■• * vt5y* .*• * *• ***-. • * • • . •• » ‘ , •/ . • . V \ . *. .v.;* -**”v* •; r ■ ' :?•'.*• <v ' “ * / ' . ' ' •' >' ", v —• . •: " ■■ V , . - X ’ / ; A ' *' 1 i » ,y ' -« ' X ISBY & REID, Proprietors. The Family Journal.—News—Politics—Literature—Agriculture—Domestic Affairs GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING. UBLISHED 1826.} MACON, FRIDAY, NOYEMBER 1-3, 1868. VOL. XLII.—NO. 52, suTff xrcAcmzurxis. .son’s new invention—new motive ,«i:r—interesting letter from •5JE INVENTOR. , ;((<■/. 14) Correspondence London Times.' Stockholm Aftonbladet gives pub- jion to a letter from Ericsson, the •known inventor of the caloric ma- 0) and, if I am not mistaken, origina- f the monitor species of cuirossed , in which a novel apparatus for the k-nsation of the sun’s rays is referred If it fulfills what Mr. Ericsson prom- jj shall, the apparatus, by supplying t <f force infinitely greater and cheaper i can be obtained by steam, will rank j).» tho most remarkable inventions t made. Mr. Ericsson’s letter, which jj like a fairy tale, is as follows: .paring the last few years I have spent v. jJ deal of time in experiments calcu- to ascertain whether the sun’s rays bo so condensed as to become a prac- j means of producing a motive power. John Her3chel’s and M. Pouillet’s j-known experiments for calculating .influence of the sun’s rays, however grating, were yet of little use to me. •erring as they do to low temperatures jit'they merely show what quantity of /eon lie melted, or of water heated, »n a certain number of degrees below •r, ;: point, by means oi the sun’s rays; my inquiries were directed to -restigation of the amount of heat 1 seed by the condensation of the rays, iiheir concentration on a compara bly small superfices. I have also en ured to discover the best means of .. ting this condensation, and construct- three different machines, which I call machines, for the creation of my new tfve power. One of these is worked by am, which is produced by condensation ihe sun’s rays; the two others are set motion by the expansive power of at- -plieric air, heated by condensed rays. A- iuy space will* 1 not permit me to t-ribe these sun machines, and the ap- atns I have constructed for the con dition of the sun’s rays, and the de- . ating and requisite degree of heat, all confine my present remarks to the :ivo power itself. From my experi- i:.< I know that the temperature re- .•ed for steam engines and caloric ma les, the action of the sun on a sper- • of ten feet square, assisted bv my aratus,can evaporate 489 cubic inches nterper hour. The importance of tact can scarcely be over estimated, roves the presence of an amount of : sufficient to lift 35,000 pounds, at site of a foot a minute, which is rath- aorc than one-horse power. (100 a<ls Sweedish are equal to about 85 ..'Is English.) As an indisputable ..f the capacity of the sun to produce :..is itsult is perhaps of greater fin ance than any other physical truth lilting of practical demonstration. If der that the mean distance from enter of the sun to the superficies of arth is 214.44 times greater than the b of the sun, we easily find by squar es figure that a single square foot of sun’s superficies must heat 45,984 ire feet of our planet. In other b, given equal superficies, the sun • 45,984 times more heat than the . receives. Coupling this with what rone before, we may therefore con ic that an area of ten square feet :he sun’s disc is enough to work a a engine of 45,984 horse power, b, under ordinary circumstances, ’J require 100,000 pounds of (Swed- coal per hour. This calculation, far a over-estimating the amount of heat rrated by the sun, falls far below the i 'quantity. More than half the heat during the passage of the rays ugh the atmosphere and the condens- apparatu3. Accordingly, the actual utity of heat generated within the con- 4 area mentioned, is equal to that •h would be produced by rather more n 200,000 pounds of (Swedish) coal, e human mind cannot conceive the in- dry of a process of combustion repre- •i by such an extraordinary con- *?tion of coal; still less can it realize N Hurt- and immense quantity of the " ng material producing this effect. : must be the sun’s fuel, when such uormous heat is being perpetually tained on the entire surface of a the diameter of which is about aJred times larger than the earth’s, t has been said will prove that, out any very extensive application condensing apparatus, a force suf fer practical purposes can be _ob- Calculations which I have just fleted have satisfied me that if the rays, now wasting their strength on uscroofs of Philadelphia were con- i. they might be used to set 5000 engines, of twenty horse power m motion. That the new force can btained without occupying ground other useful purposes, is one of its table peculiarities. To give an in is, let us suppose a Sweedish square equal to 49 English) covered with using apparatus and sun machines, ae-hnlf the surface be occupied by ngs, roads, etc., and we still have 10,000 square feet free for our pur- two feet Swedish equal 0,593 meter.) as my condensing apparatus •emonstrated 100 square feet to be jy sufficient for the production of ■se power, it follows that 64,800 engines of one hundred horse each can be worked with wvs thrown on a Sweedish mile. Archimedes, having calcu- the force of the lever, explained ■6 could move the earthfrom its po- L I assert that by condensing the •t the sun a force could be created --ight arrest the earth in its course, •avc scarcely begun to work the coal of Europe, and already computa ble being made in England when *ill be exhausted. In a thousand or so—a drop in the ocean of time ■fe will be no coal left in Europe, ; the sun be put in requisition, the rays of the sun are often pre- * from reaching us, but, with such a jiuigazine whence fuel may be ob- • without labor or transport, to draw upon, experienced engineers will have no difficulty in laying up a store against the rainy day. A large portion of the earth’s surface is, moreover, illuminated by an over-clouded sun. The area over which the sun-machine can work may, therefore, be regarded as equally unlimited as the amount of force that can be generated. VESUVIUS. ANOTHER ERUPTION DESCRIBED. Kopies (Oct. 12) Cor. of the London Times.] Another eruption of Vesuvius is a fait accompli, and to quote the words of one or our journals, the mountain, like royality, is honored with a daily bulletin. I call it another eruption; but, in truth, Vesuvius has not been quiet since last November, when it astonished visitors and alarmed the inhabitants of th&imme diate neighborhood by its brilliant dis plays. The same cone which was then in action has been more or less active ever since; but it is only since the begin ning of this month that evident signs were observed of increasing action. The scien tific apparatus on tne mountain about October 1st, gave the first unmistakably signs of what was coming. Then the puffs of light steam or smoke grew into columns of dark, black smoke—tongues of lambent fire followed, just licking the edges of the crater, accompanied by the discharges of artillery and heavy showers of red hot lava and ashes. Day after day this activity increased, until on the night of the 8th instant, after a slight shock, the old cone was rent in two, and a deluge of lava came rolling down to the foot of the great cone, crossing at the point a new patli which has been traced out for the convenience of visitors. Since that the course of the lava has increased in abund ance and rapidity, and as the agitation of the scientific instruments is increasing also, there is every probability that the exhibition will be as magnificent as it was at the beginning of the year. _ The wind, which has for some time been in the southeast, bears the copius volumes of smoke toward the northwest, sweeping over the bay, just in front of Naples, while the Cavallo, in the direction of the Hermitage, presenting from a distance a magnificent spectacle. Especially does it so now, when clouds sweep wildly over the sky, for stratum after stratum is lit up, until the whole atmosphere appears to be on fire. To add to the grandeur and so lemnity of the scene, the detonations, or rather “thunderings,” have been frequent and loud, shaking the ground in the neighborhood more or less severely. From the commencement of the new symptoms Professor Palmer has been in residence at the Observatory, in order to confirm the observations which he made at the beginning of the year. You will remember that one of these observations led him to adopt the theory that volcanic action is subject in a certain degree to lunar influence. Of course, all to whom an eruption is a novelty, have been rush ing over to ascend the mountain; the weather has, however, been most inaus picious; and on several evenings travelers have been driven back by the violence of storms. As great crowds of visitors may be expected, I repeat the expressions of a hope that at Russia, and elsewhere on tha line of route better accommodations and greater facilities may be provided for those who make the ascent. Horses are often wanting, order and regularity al most always. No one should he permit ted to go up the mountain while in con flagration, without a guide, and the tariff of the guide should not only be regulated, but enforced. Wheat after Corn, and Wheat after Wheat. Jos. Wright, on his capital Fayette farm, got forty-five bushels of wheat to the acre thi3 season from his last year’s corn field. The land was plowed and cul tivated as soon as the com crop was cut up and removed, the latter part of Sep tember. The field had been heavily ma nured for the corn crop in the winter. His wheat grown on summer fallow was more shrunken by the excessive hot weather, and yielded only thirty bushels to the acre. As the clover seed sown on his wheat in the spring failed to make a lasting stand, he manured and plowed up the stubble, and sowed it to wheat again early in September. On the 8th of Octo ber it had made a very even, good stand, and he was then preparing his corn field by the side of his forty aicres of sown wheat, to be sown with wheat on the 10th of October. The com had been cut up, and put it in large stocks on the sown wheat adjoining. Although rather late, such, is the fine condition of the soil, full as it is of loluble plant food left by the corn crop, that he anticipates as good a crop from this last sowing as from the wheat already up in the other par t of the large field. I went through this com before it was cut up*, it was probably the largest crop grown i n this county, or anywhere else, in so dry a season; it was the sixteen to twenty round dent corn, planted in drills four feet apart, and only eight to nine apart in. the drill. I looked in vain for a stalk without an ear, and there were veiy few nubbins, and no suck ers. As Mr. Wright keeps forty eov,- 3 to make butter, and pigs enough to eat the buttermilk, buys straw, and some mill- Srnssels lace. A story is told in connection with the introduction of the manufacture of fine lace into Brussels, which is pleasant in it self, and carries with it a lesson worth learning. A poor girl named Gertrude was deeply attached to a young man, whose wealth precluded all hopes of mar riage. One night, as she sat weeping, a lady entered her cottage, and, without saying a word, placed in her lap a cush ion, with its bobbins filled with thread. The lady then, with perfect silence, showed her how to work the bobbins, and how to make all sorts of delicate patterns and complicated stitches. As day-light ap proached the maiden had learned the art, and the mysterious visitor disappeared/ The maiden grew rich by her work, and married the object of her love. Years afterwards, while living in luxury, she was startled by the mysterious lady entering her house—this time not silent, but look ing stern. She said “here you enjoy peace and comfort, while without are famine and trouble. I helped you; you have not helped your neighbors. The angels weep for you, and turn away their faces.” So the next day Gertrude went forth, with her cushion and her bobbin in her hand, and going from cottage to cot tage, she taught the art she had so mys teriously learned, and comfort and plenty came to all. Removal of the National Capital. One of the editors of the Washington Star, lately traveling in the West, writes from St. Louis as follows: “People out here have a settled con viction that the seat of government will be removed here or hereabouts within the next twenty years. They say that they will have it, not to give importance to any particular city or locality, but as an em blem that the seat of empire is in the Mississippi valley. The capital, they hold, will come to them naturally and inevita bly in the course of a few years. The East is not growing; the West is gaining power in Congress yearly, through the formation of new States and new Congres sional Districts. When all these vast prairies .of the richest land are filled up with the population they are capable of supporting, the wealth and population of the country will he so preponderant here that the seat of government will necessa rily gravitate to the point where it will be in harmony with, and an exponent of the national heart. This is the. Western idea, and it is worth our while in Wash ington to prepare to meet it by making our city so cosy and agreeable as a place of residence and resort that members will be unwilling to leave it to seek quar ters of doubtful healthiness on the hanks of the muddy Mississippi. Washington, with her equable climate and favorable situation, has first-class advantages for the permanent seat of government. The work now to be done is to bring the city up to the mark of equality witli its ad vantages of position. But the subject is too jirolific to be dealt with here.” Immigration to South Carolina.— The commissioner of immigration for the State of South Carolina has just made a report of the operations of his office to Governor Orr. The commissioner says: “The registries of lands now embrace 332,660 acres, in almost every district of the State, for sale at reasonable rates, and on favorable conditions; and nearly 6000 acres of good lands, in salubrious sections of the State, have been registered to be given as a free donation to actual settlers, on reasonable conditions of improvement.” Notwithstanding these offers, the laborers do not respond, and several plans are proposed to promote the interests of the State, the principal of which are direct communication with European ports, proffers of cheap lands, and a multiplica tion of industrial pursuits. A clerical correspondent, writing from Philadelphia, relates that not long since, at the breaking ground for a rail road in a certain town in the southwest, a clergyman, being called upon to open the proceedings witn prayer, took.from his pocket a manuscript supplication, pre pared for the occasion, which* he read. A colored brother present, leaning upon his shovel, noticing the movement, re marked with a grin: “Golly 1 dat’s de fust time dis darkey ever knew de Lord written to on the subjeck of a railroad l” Grant’s Reception of the News. From the Itiw York Tribune.] Gen. Grant went to E. B. Waeliburne to get the returns. The first report was from J.G. Blaine, “Maine pledged 30,000 majority, and she kept her faith.'* The next was re ceived from W.E. Chandler that New Hamp shire had gone republican by 5,000 majority. Friends of Grant came, anxious to hear the news. Much sport was made by the General, who had written out an estimate of the ma jorities for either candidate in the different States several days before. The States first named gave exactly the majorities he predicted, and the President elect seemed more pleased at his sagacity than nis success. The “Inevitable cigar” was as indispensable as ever. Galena, which had almost always been strongly democratic, and had given McClellan one hundred and twenty, was announced for Grant by nine.. When Connecticut was certain for the Union, the •whole room, Grant only excepted, applauded, but soon the general was doomed to a disap feed and oil-cake, hemate manure enough! P^j°y“® n ^j as |^tuMttel C but t the < old Bay State to get maximum crops from every field. J wai ^ naounced a8 giving him 75,000. ma- ™ c- *■ joritj. As the evening wore away, the suc cess of the Republicans in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana became sure. At length word was brought that North Carolina was loyal once more, the first South ern State that had voted since 1861. The room was crowded with Congressmen, judges, town and country politicians, army officers, reporters, all apparently more eager than the man on whose account they were gathered, While they compared the returns, and lin gered to receire more, a dispatch arrived from Petroleum Y. Nasby, who forwarded his resignation as Postmaster, and announced that he bad gone in the grocery business. After this the torrent of news and congratu lations was incessant. Eighteen inches of snow now cover the summit of ML Washington, N. H. The com crop of Ohio, this year, is esti mated at 141,006,000 bushels. The entire surface of every plowed field was so full of vegetable remains, so fria ble and absorptive, that it brought to mind the counterpart I had seen in the new clearings of this region fifty years ago. b. W. A skeptical young collegian confront ed an old Quaker with the statement that he 9id not believe in the Bible. Said the Quaker: “Does thee believe in France ?” “Yes, for though I have not seen it, I have seen others that have. Besides, there is plenty of corroborative proof that such a country does exist.” “Then thee will not believe anything thee or others have not seen ?” “No, to be sure I won’t.” “Did thee ever see thy own brains?” “No,” Ever see anybody that did?” “No.” “Does thee believe thee has any?” FROM TEXAS. The Presidential Election. — No Use of Groaning; — We etlll litre — Pine Cooks these Southern Belles — Immigration,— Why Texas does not Faster Grow—When the Convention Sleets. Richmond, Texas, Nov. 5,18G8. As all your readers know, the people of Texas were shut out from the elective fran ; chise in tho Presidential election,' which has come, and gone, and on this account felt more than the usual interest which attaches to such an election in the result, though that has hardly been considered doubtful here foi the last two or three weeks, the public mind be ing pretty well convinced that Gen. Grac v , is to be the next President •*. j\ Well, there is no use to sigh on the matter, or to picture how much more hopeful the prospects of the country would be und^r dif ferent results. We must philosophically sub mit to the inevitable; and while the North ern people manage and manipulate the Gov ernment and finances as they please, we mast devote every energy of the soul and body to the improvement of our material condition, the building up of the waste places in the land, and above all, the proper training and culture of the morals and character of the rising generation, and starting them in the right direction to command success. All these we have in our power. The re sult of the election, has not wrested these principles from us, .nor could any result of that event have absolved U3 from the grave duties which life imposes. “There is life in tho old land yet,” and we can nurse it into sound health and vig orous strength, if we diet the patient proper ly. Industry, economy and retrenchment are the tonics to be administered to the patient, and in a few years he will exhibit to the world the arms and muscles of a giant, while smiling approvingly on his attentive nurses and dutiful children. While wo will only be discharging our duty, our reward will be certain, ample, munificent. Possessing a country combining more ad vantages than any other in the world of the same scope, if the South does not in a few years conquer success, her children will de serve to be classed as an effete race, instead of the descendants of tho chevaliers, as they proudly claim to be. But in order to ac complish anything worthy of our race and country, there must be no minciDg of matters. We must shake hantls with idle gentility, and sweep or kick that simpering jade out of our houses, and give her no resting place in our land. A homily is not exactly the province of a correspondent, but the above thoughts came so palpably in my way that I could not flank them. We have certainly entered on a new era, and some old foolish notions must be abandoned. To be useful in some vocation, must now be the only recognized mode of preserving an unsullied escutcheon. A whole some public opinion will very soon enforce its own just decrees on tbis subject. If those who have heretofore been held as recognized leaders in giving tone and direction to public opinion, fail to step in and occupy the new field, others will do so, for under the new order of things, there is a vacuum that must and will be filled. These reflections have been called up by staying a night, not long since, with a gen tleman whose family had been raised in the lap of luxury. The supper was entirely pre pared by his daughter, and the cake and tea were such as one seldom partakes of. The toast and biscuit, for breakfast, were certain ly improved in delicacy and taste from hav ing been manipulated by her graceful fingers, at whose magic touch, the night previous, the piano had yielded most delightful and harmonious music. Let me set myself right. I would not be misunderstood by the “lovely dears” for anything in the world. Ido not wish to be understood as inculcating the idea that a lady must be a cook. What I mean to say is, that to be able to prepare a meal properly, when the cook takes it into her head to seek other quarters, as was the case in this household, need not, and does not, detract from other accomplishments, or intellectual culture, but is, in itself, an ad ditional accomplishment, and a very high one at that. One that deserves the highest commendation. The immigration to the State has not been very heavy since tho war. Certaiuly not any thing like one woula expect, considering the great productiveness of the soil that so invi tingly awaits the plough-Bhare, to yield its rich return. The accession to the popnlation of the cities has been immense. That of Gal veston is six times greater than it was before the war, while that of Houston is neariy quad ruple. The cities of the interior exhibit a heavy increase, though not in equal ratio with those named. Many things have tended to check the growth of the State, among which may bo mentioned the pecuniary inability of many of those to reach it with their families, who fully intended yet to make it their homes. When these temporary causes are removed, Texas will soon assume a healthy and rapid growth. Her rich soil, and other advantages which she possess*es, cannot long remain un occupied. 1 When the State Convention again meets, which it does in December, there is no doubt but it will submit a Constitution more Radi cal and repulsive in its features than has been forced on any of the States. There is no telling to what length the gratification of spleen will carry men. The leading spirits in the Convention were refugees during the war. They think they have enemies to pun ish. If they have not, they have old political rivals to crush, and an exhibition of excess ive loyalty will be a good excuse for aveng ing many old scores. Some of them are very bad men, largely imbued with the spirit of Brownlow. Men could not be inoculated with anything worse than that. If there ever was a worse man than Brownlow history has failed to hand his name to posterity. The season bss been everything that could be desired for gathering crops. In this part of the State there has been ho frost yet.— Snap beans, tomatoes and Irish potatoes, of the Fall’s growth, are among the vegetable delicacies we still enjoy. In the wheat regions, the papers represent a large crop as being sown. Last year but little was pnt in the ground on account of the grasshopper. Par Foia. Life among ear Ancestors. The customs, manners, literature, architec ture, history, everything, in fine pertaining to England, previous to the seventeenth century, may be regarded as the common ancestral property or all John Bull’s progeny, where- ever scattered over the world. To a large majority of oar readers, therefore, whatever throws light upon the olden times of Great Britain can.never cease to be of interest. The October New England Farmer, noticing a recent publication, “Our English Homes,” extracts and comments as follows: The whale was eaten by the Saxons; and when men are lucky enough to get it, it ap peared at table late in the fifteenth century. In 1246 Henry HL directed the Sheriff of London to purchase one hundred pieces of whale for his table. "Whales found on the coast were perquisites of loyalty; they were cut up and sent to the Ring’s kitchen in carts. Edward H. gave a reward of thirty shillings to three mariners who caught a whale near London bridge. Those found on the banks of the Thames were claimed by the Lord Mayor, and added to the civic feast. Pieces of whale were often purchased in the thir teenth century for the table of the Countess of Leicester. England was often supplied with this choice dainty by the fishermen of Normandy, who made it an article of com merce. The Normans had various, ways of cooking it; sometimes it was roasted and brought to the table on a spit; but the usual way was to boil it and serve with peas. Epicures looked out for a slice from the tongue or the tail. The grampus or sea-wolf was also highly esteemed; but of all the blubber dainties the porpoise was deemed the most savory. The Saxons called it sea- swine, and the ecclesiastics of the middle ages porco marino. PorpoiseB were purchased for the table of Henry IH. in 1246. In the reign of Henry H. the whole stock of a carpenter’s tools was valued at one shil ling, and consisted of a broad-axe, an adze, a square and a spoke-Bbave 1 “There were very few chimneys; the fire was laid to the wall, and the smoke issued out at the roof or door, or window, and the furniture and utensils were of wood. The people slept on straw pallets, with a log of wood for a pillow.” Even as late as the time of Elizabeth, 1558, it is stated that apologies were made to vis itors if they could not be accommodated with rooms provided with chimneys. They had few glass windows, and when glass was in troduced it was for a long time so scarce, that when people went away, they would or der the windows.taken out and laid up in safety. 4 ' In’the 14th century, none but the cler gy wore linen. The household furniture, among the wealthy, consisted of an occa sional, a brass pot, a brass cup, a gridiron and a rug or two, and perhaps a towel. Of chairs and tables we hear nothing. Even the nobility sat upon the chests in which 1 they kept their clothes. If a man, in seven years after marriage,- could purchase a flock bed and a sack of chaff to rest bis head upon, he thought himself as well lodged as the lord of the town. ,: - In addition to this poverty of what seems to us absolute necessities, the houses and the people were exceedingly dirty. Erasmus, a celebrated scholar of Holland, who visited England, complains that “the nastiness of the people was the cause of the frequent plagues which destroyed themand be says their floors are commonly of clay, strewed with rushes, under which lie, unmolested a collec tion of beer, grease, fragments, bones, spittle, excrements of dogs and cats, and of every thing that is nauseous. Their tables were as miserably supplied as their dwellings. They had little fresh meat, but salted most of their cattle and swine in November, npon which they mostly depend ed through the winter. Very few vegetables of any kind came upon their tables. It is stated that in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII not a cabbage,' turnip, carrot or other edible root grew in England. The average duration of human life was, at that period, not one-half as long as that of the present day. The constant use of salted meat, and few or no vegetables, contributed to the shortening of life, to say nothing of the large number swept away by pestilence and famine. ,‘Colored” Policemen In New Or* leans. v ; An intelligent mulatto, who, in days gone by, had been employed as valet by a gentle man of our acquaintance, but who more re cently had become somewhat immersed in politics, was appointed a Metropolitan po liceman, and put on duty down amozfg the cotton presses. His first experience of noc turnal police duty was a memorable one, as narrated by himself on the following day. He appeared with a countenance elongated and ghastly, at early morn, at his old employer’s abode and said; “ I golly, Mr. A, got police nuff for me last night” “Why, Joe, what’s the matter f” “Well, you see, Aft. A., I’se jest been ’pinted a Metropolitan policeman yesterday, an’ dey put me on de beat last night right off lust ting.” • . “ Whereabouts, Joe 1” “ Down ’long Cbaptoolus street ’mong de presses. I tell ye, but it’s dark an’ lonely down thar. I got’long fust rate till about ’[even o’clock without mectia’nobody. But, oh, golly! it was orful still thar, Mr. A., an’ I made up my mind aforehand I wouldn’t ar rest nobody, ’cos day say down dar it makes a officer ’npopular in de neighborhood.” “ No doubt it does—go on.” “ Wall, sur, ’bout ’leven o’clock, as I was walking in the shade of de walls, I see, all of a sudden, a great big white man in his shirt sleeves, stanclin’ widin a foot of me. I didn’t say numn, an’ was ’spectfully movin’ away to give him de banquette, ’cause he ’peered to be a little tight, but he tukbold o’ my hand, and I says, ‘yes, boss,'what’ll you have?’ Says he in a orful rough way, * come here,’, and he pulled me to’ard him.” “Wasn’t you a little scared, Joe!” “Lord, Mr. A-i I jis let club and everything drop, when de man pull me up close to him and put his big arms aroun’ me, and put his mouf to my ear (I smelt de whisky, too,) and whispered, * Wouldn’t this be a d—n nice chance to kill you ?’ I shook den, I kin tell ye, and commenced to saymy prayers for true. But all to onct, de man laffed, and let go o’ me, and gi’ me a kick, and went off” “ Why didn’t you arrest him!” “ ’Fore God, Mr. A., I’se so scared I scarce ly kuowed what to do; but I finally come to de ’elusion dat .de officer cm de next beat would ’rest him, so I thought Fd let him go.” Joe shortly afterward resigned his position, and determined hereafter to cling closely to the less perilous duties of a valet, or a coach man.—2v. O. Crescent. ft ' -.4': ‘" r - > i-:' qi.r of Fnglish capitalists b&ve $30,000,000 in vested in Fast India railways. The world’s annual crop of tobacco is es timated at 432,400 tons. Tlie Springfield Republican on the Presidential Election. The ablest and most fearless of all the conservative Republican journals in the Union is the Springfield Republican, pub lished in the centre of Massachusetts, and a living marvel how a paper of that stamp can flourish amid such a crooked and untoward generation. We append the Republican’s view of the political situation just after the Presidential polh were closed: The result of the election'does not indi cate a popular approval’ even of the general policy of Congress. The election was carried in spite of the policy. Had that simple issue been presented, we very much fear every one of the four middle States would have pro nounced against it. The general policy of Congress ought to have commanded the sup port of the people on its own merits, despite Its many defects of procedure; but there.is great reason to believe that the people would have been found wanting under the test, had this been the issue presented. It may seem crabbed and cross grained, in the first reckonings over the victory, to thrust forward such considerations. But it was never of more importance that the true meaning of tbe country should be under stood. Congress may assemble in a few days under the emergency created by the earnival of crime at the South. At the lowest it will meet in a few weeks. Upon its temper de pends fbry much. Representatives have be fore this shown a strange facility, or fatality, in misapprehending the wishes of the peo ple. They must not do so now. If they im agine that the elections are a token of par ticular admiration for them; if they think they can begin again just where they left off last April alarmed at the popular discontent and the increasing danger of losing the elec tion; if they allow themselves to be persuaded that, now the campaign is over, it will do to take the screws off the expenditures—they make a great mistake. It is not difficult to gather the sentiments of the men who have turned the scale, this time, in favor of the Republican party, and who must be looked to hereafter to keep it in power. In voting to sustnin the recon struction acts, against the mad de3ign8 of the reactionists, they have not decided against a change of those acts, but quite the contrary. They desire an immediate amelioration of them in their most offensive features. The disfranchisement of any class, or the exclusion of any State, for acts done in tbe rebellion, never wise, has grown to be simply stupid. The limited disfranchisement imposed has done harm and only barm. It has not assured the control of a single State in the loyal hands. It has lilted the disfranchised into undue and unsafe importance and given them a title of re spect amoDg their fellow citizens. Towards tbe general government it has simply served to annoy and exasperate all classes, and make violence and negro intimidation seem some thing like fair reprisal. Unqualified negro suffrage is another feature that .will not bear examination, and must eventually be modified; but the circumstances of the situ ation are so difficult and peculiar, that an immediate change is not practicable. All that can be done hereafter, all, indeed, that is desirable to be done, is to introduce throughout the country an educational test, impartial with respect to color and sex, by which the suffrage will be limited to persons of some intelligence, whether black, white, red or yellow. But it is in matters of revenue and ex penditure that the sense of the country is most positive, and its resolution taken. It is a difficult thing to get the country back from the abnormal condition oi war to that of peace. But somebody has got to do it—to exhibit the courage and skill to return the nation to a financial state, in which all will not be as now, continual waste—in which the distribution of wealth shall again become fair and natural—and as a consequeuce, ex travagance and wanton luxury will be re buked and corrected. We cannot go on as we are. The country is losing too fast, and the poor are becoming too thoroughly im poverished. Whether rightly or wrongly, the people will accuse the party in power of those evils, the causes of which they may not see, but the effects of which they can most bitterly feel. Mr. Seymour was right—the financial issue iB to be pressed; and the Re publican party must meet it with courage and intelligence. And it is also hard, hut yet something that must be done, to get back from tbe extrava gant notions of war expenditure, to tbe sim ple and frugal habits of peace. The two ses sions of Congress before the last were marked by much wrongful special legislation; and the spirit of robbery and corruption was bold, shameless and arrogant. During tbe last ses sion, this rather held up, in view of the re spectability of the majority (rather than of individual members) to the people at the coming election. Now that it is past, there is great danger of an iniquitous revival of the two hundred millions in jobbing schemes put over by the election, not to speak of new de vices for bleeding the treasury and the people at every vein. This cannot happen and the Republican party remain in power. The country was no more resolved that tbe estab lished order at the Sonth should not be bro ken up, than it is that retrenchment, general and severe, shall be inaugurated at Washing ton. And not only is it necessary that every- saving expenditure must be carefully and honestly searched after;-and the party that would keep in power most not only be honest in seeking such, but must be pretty bright about it and calculate to have good luck. The Government has got to do as a man does when be finds his expenses greater than bis income justifies—do without a great many things that are nice to have, and right rea sonable in themselves, but which we cannot afford. The country feels poor; the burden of taxation presses severely on the people. Our industries need rest and help. It is for the Republican party to decide whether'it will do this for the nation or give the job up to other bands. Our President is all that could be asked— earnestly devoted to peace, thoroughly bent on having a good administration, with a great liking for honest men and an instinc tive repugnance to disorder and unfaithful ness in service. It rests with the Republican majority in Congress, now happily reduced below two-thirds, to say whether they will follow Grant or be left behind. The country is going ahead—those who want to keep up must keep moving. Lsr Scotland, recently a woman went to register the birth of her child, and had to answer, the usual questions. To the one— “Were you present at the birth Y* the as tonished woman answered, “I’m the mither of the bairn.” But that is no an swer to my question,” replied the regis trar. “were you present at the birth?” “ Yes of course,” she said, “I was there.” The Australian colonies have 600,000 horses, 4,000,000 cattle, 38,000,000 sheep, 4,000,000 pigs and 2,500,000 acres of cultiva ted land. tins reacting- ency of the foreign What Cotton Planters WosaKk Make by Direct Trade. From-the Columbus Enquirer of Oct. We have heretofore endeavored to indicate tho great advantages, not only to cotton planters individually, but also to the South- as-a section of the Union, that would be de rived from a direct trade between our Sooth- era ports and Europe. The cotton quota tions given in our dispatches of yesterday noon, from Liverpool and New York respec tively, enable us to present the pecuniary advantages in the best practical manner. It will be seen that while our middling cottons are quoted in Liverpool at lid.,they, are quoted in New York at only 25c.—the Liverpool market having been improving for- several days of this week, while no improve ment is discernable in the New York mar ket. It is evidently the purpose of the “bears” of the latter to keep'" down the price as long as they can, in the hope of the upon the advancing tenden markets. Now let us compare tbe real values of these quotations," and see the true difference. When gold is worth 134 1-4, the value of the greenback dollar is 75 cents. Tbe New York quotation, then, is 18 3-4c. in gold. To the Liverpool quotation of llcL(22c.) in gold, wc must add tlie difference in exchange between American specie funds and British sterling. Tbis is usually S to 9* per cent., say 2c. to the pound of cotton. Thus we have 24c. in American coin as the real price in Liverpool ol our middling cotton yester day, or 5 1 4c. in gold more than New York price. The freight charge on cotton from. New York to Liverpool by steamer, as quoted by tbe New York Times of the 24th insL, was 3-8d.—we will say, estimating as much for insurance, that 1 l-2c. in gold pays the entire cost of transportation between New York and Liverpool. There we have a plain showing of a loss to onr planters of 3 3.4c. in gold (about 5c. in currency) on each pound of cotton shipped to New York instead of Liverpool. We bear in mind that it takes a rather bet ter description of cotton to rate as “ mid dling” in New York than that so rated in Liverpool. This makes the difference still greater in favor of the latter market, but it is so small that we take no account of it. It would probably cover, the dray age. It may be said that cotton would this week have probably advanced a little in the New York market (say one-half to one cent) in re sponse to the Liverpopl market, but for the fact that gold has "been declining. This is only another argument in favor of direct trade with Liverpool. Our great staple is too much under the control of New York commercial gamblers,too much affected by their swindling operations for advancing or lowering the value of tho currency of the country. The Southern people, in their struggle to regain prosperity need stabitity in the currency for which they sell the only staple that brings them such money. This they can secure, as well as much better prices by extablishing a direct trade with Europe; and they would also gain large ly by a trade that would enable them to pur chase in Europe at lower prices than at pres ent, many commodities now bought in our Northern States. P. S. The above article was .written for our paper of yesterday, but could not appear then. By reference to later dispatches the reader will see to what a small extent (if at all) it has been affected by yesterday’s quota tions. Let us Encourage onr Labor. The Richmond Whig mentions that a large • and successful farmer from the south side qf James river, in a late conversation, expressed his concurrence in the views of that journal, that the colored population constitute the only resource of the South for labor at present, and will probably be the chief re liance in the future. , Whilst there is room enough for white labor, and whilst small farms, to those who may wish to gar den or introduce new crops or new modes of culture, may be made, very profitable, large farms are considered essential to the successful cultivation of tobacco and other staples, and for this cultivation the reliance must be upon the blacks. Whilst some of these will not work, it is recommended that those who are available “should be encour aged, should have comfortable dwellings, with five or ten acres of land for their fami lies to cultivate, and with such other privi leges as may tend to better their condition. A kind and liberal and forbearing treatment- of the negro, and an earnest effort to promote his well being are dictated not more oy con siderations of humanity than of sound policy and self interest.” These sentiments are of significance, com ing from an ancient Virginia journal, whose relations to, and understanding qf tbe land holding interest of that State, it is to be pre sumed, are snch as to enable it to speak on tbis subject intelligently. The vast amount of labor now in the South, and which has been the product of generations, ought to be considered a blessing, and may be made sucb, both to ths South and to tbe coun try, if it can be kept clear from the disorganizing influences of political ag itation. The practical direction which Southern energies are taking upon this and other kindred subjects are of happy augury. While, of course, a free and self-governing political- condition is of paramount impor tance, yet if this section, in view of present circumstances, shall place its chief reliance upon the development of its own industrial and physical resources, it may afford for the present not to look to parties for aid, and will eventually be in a position to dispense favors instead of seeking them.—MaiL Vices of Aimebcans.—A recent medical writer states that tbe vices of tbe American character may be briefly summed up as fol lows : 1st An inordinate passion for riches. 2d. Overwork of mind and body in the pur suit of business. 3d. Undue hurry and ex citement in all tbe affairs of life. 4tb. In temperance in eating, drinking and smoking. 5 th. A general disregard of the true laws of life and health. Principles before men, says your states man; but that is reversing the order of things. Were not men made before princi ples ? Adam was six feet in his slippers be fore he troubled himself with the shadow of a principle, and tbe principal thing that troubled him after that was a wife. In the latter respect a great many men since resem ble Adam. It is stated that ninety-fire out of every hundred instances of the bursting of a double- barreled gun can be traced to defects in the left baneL The reason is simply that the right is most frequently used and reloaded, perhaps ten times to the left one being dis charged once. Every time tbe right barrel is discharged, the gunpowder in the left is pulverized more or less by the shock, and tbe settling of the grains leaves a space be tween the charge and the wadding. Hence, when the left barrel is discharged it frequent ly explodes. These accidents, it to asserted can be avoided by sending the ramrod home, with one or two smart blows into the non- discharged barrel every time the other to re loaded. 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