About Weekly Georgia telegraph. (Macon [Ga.]) 1858-1869 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 15, 1869)
■ r !*t 1. 5S55B The Greoi'gia "WeeJkly Telegraph. VP *d dtaM ■ xmmrsa THE TELEGRAPH, jIAOON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 1869. Close of the Week. The fi«t week of the year, and a lovely one it has been—closes in tears. The town is wet *nJ doll, and the footsteps of the home-seekers tlus dark and wet night, splash occasionally, as thcv pas® under our window. The Teleoba^h has inaugurated the week with unprecedented accessions to its subscription lists, and we an ticipate with pleasure a much enlarged sphere of nsefnines in 1869. State Agricultural Society. We print to-day an appeal of the Secretary of the State Agricultural Society, for the co-oper ation of the people of Georgia. We trust it ^ill be effectual. We hope the people will everywhere co-operate in this general move ment looking to agricultural recuperation and progress. It is the great topic of Georgia. Our hearts are warmly interested in it, and we pur pose to devote the Telegraph to this great en terprise as a leading topic. Wit and Wickedness. Ono of the most melancholy things in the world is that kind of wit which vents itself npon the victims of injustice and folly. There is health in the jibe, joke, satire and burlesque aimed at triumphant wrong and flaunting and impudent vice; bnt reverse the picture, and see bnzen and triumphant wrong cracking its jokes at the expense of its injured and defenceless prey—that is one of the most sickening specta cles on earth. It is associated with all that is diabolical and degrading. It belongs to Pande monium, and not to earth, where the divines assure us of the omnipotence of virtue and the certain triumph of justice. We have been reading the wit of the New York Tribune, and other Northern papers over the concession of the Virginians to the demand for universal negro suffrage, and the proposi tion in Georgia to refer the contested) question of negro eligibility to office under the State Con stitution, to the Courts. Those papers, God help them, are very witty at the concessions of Virginia and Georgia to tho inexorable demands of their triumphant foes. A Mexican banditti shouting with laughter over the grotesque ap pearance of their denuded victims, could not be more hnmorous. Petit Andro, with his ready cord, could not enjoy more heartily tho unnatur al contortions of his strangling victims. The South has boon made, under the manipu lations of these remorseless Radical masters, to accept, in turn, almost everything abhorrent to her own honest convictions of right, reason, justice, propriety and expediency, and the last exaction is to accept what no Northern State will accept for herself. Georgia is dragooned for doing what Congress will never do—making negro legislators. Granting what these Merry Andrews assert— that the doubts, scruples and objections of Geor gia and Virginia are without merit and not en titled to respect, npon what theory of a gov. eminent by the popular will, do these so-called republicans compel the acceptance of their spec ulative dogmas, some of which they reject for themselves, on other States and peoples, under penalty of worse consequence ? Are they not afraid to set such an example ? Do they suppose that the sense of wrong, injus tice and insult will be obliterated as easily as this oppressive and intolerant policy is en forced upon the defenceless Southern States? Ib it not much to be feared that this injmious domination will sink deeply into the Southern heart, and the memory of it be handed down from generation to generation? Is the art of State combination, by which the South has been so grievously humiliated, exhausted and lost in its present gigantic development ? Or will it return, one of these days, in new forms, to smite the tyrants who wield it to wound and to inflict a needless degradation on its defenceless victims of to-day? Men are most sensitive when they are the most helpless; and in behalf of a just and ben- eficent intersectional comity, which becomes the more essential the more the government is con solidated and centralized, we exhort the repre sentatives of the North to cease this vindictive policy and to lay the foundations of a cftholic *nd national spirit, in forbearance and fair con struction towards the South. .The Social Problem. Notwithstanding the levity of the radical press over tho great qnestion of civil and social ad justments in the Sonth, it did not need the re cent tragedies near Savannah, in Virginia, North Carolina, and various other points, to burden the reflecting mind with a sense of the difficul ties in the way. Mexico, South America, and some of the West India Islands, show one way in wjiich races have been harmonized at a cost of fatally demoralizing hybridism. Fortunately, the superior elevation of the Southern white nuse and its rapidly increasing volume, preclude snch a catastrophe here, and prefigure the ulti mate and not distant solution of the problem.— We have but to be patient and forbearing, and Nature herself will settle all conflicts. The freed negro will fade before the white man like the In-! not 1116 free navigation of the river. Senator Bice's Cotton Monopoly Bill. This Bill is the most significant public recog nition yet made, since the war, of the grandeur of the Southern cotton crop as a lever of nation al credit. If they are compelled to look in vain for it from the suggestions of sectional oomity and reason and justice, the Southern people will yet find the securities for a government which will admit of industrial order and progress in tho wealth of her annual products. The people of the North cannot afford that snch grand con tributions to the national prosperity and credit, should be jeopardized in order to promote the visionary schemes of tho New England political sciolists. Hence when, at last, it shall be discovered that these efforts to reverse the order of nature interfere with the material progress and devel opment of the Sonth, we may look for common sense to assert itself. We may be confident that no measure necessary for tho maintenance of social and industrial order will be long neglected. We may anticipate that the fashionable cant about the “rebel States” will mitigate, and hatred and contempt for the conquered may subside under a constantly enlarging sense of their usefulness and value to the country. The crops of the Sonth must, in truth, be our only social and political defence. Constitutional law is confessedly subverted and laughed at ev ery where. Domestic self-government is pro hibited to us, unless administered by agents of the Federal power who are believed to be hos tile to tho views, wishes and convictions of the Southern people. It is a work which must be entrusted to whites who are not of the people, and to tho negroes who ore supposed to be in antagonism to the white population of the South. In brief, we must accept as a settled fact, that the dominant States have determined that the Federal, State and local administrations of the South shall hereafter be shaped by those States exclusively, and it may be a generation before tho Southern States will be allowed to stand on their own feet, and be considered entitled or competent to manage their own affairs. We hold, then, that there is no other substan tial guaranty of order and industrial efficiency in the South except the single one of the value of the crops. The self-interest of the other sec tions and of the Federal Government will not permit these to be lost. If at any time society, nnderthe New England administration of South ern affairs, gets so deranged and topsy-turvy as to interfere with the production of the crops, we may look for the demand for and application of a remedy by the overwhelming material interests at stake. Now, this is tho only practical deduction we, can make, from tho fact that Senator Rice has brought forward a bill to create a government monoply of the cotton crop. This scheme, were it adopted, and could it be carried out, would annually convert about three hundred millions of government securities into so much gold, and of course rapidly retrieve the public credit. But it is so indefensible on genial principles, and will concentrate so strong an out side financial opposition, that we assume nobody will fear that it will be adopted. It is, substantially, a forced levy on the South! the most desperate of all financial war expedi ents in time of peace. The same proposition was agitated in Confederate times, as a desper ate expedient for self preservation, and failed. It contemplates a monoply which would provoke the indignation of the whole outside world, and in this way defeat its end. There is nothing like it known. France has a tobacco monoply, but it is a scheme to levy revenue from her own subjects, and not from those of foreign powers. The project, in its practical working, would bo swamped in the sea of corruption it would set on foot, and finally the private injury it would inflict, (leaving cotton producers out of account,) npon the immense circle of business men, who derive their wealth from the transfer of the annual cotton crop, will alone bring a controlling “ring” of ontside influences to bear against the bill, sufficient to insure its defeat! We omit any consideration of the injustice to the cotton producers, and the utter illegality of such a levy, because we believe these consider ations would bo practically without weight in determining the result To conclude, Senator Rice's proposition has not enongh of life in it to warrant so much of space as we have devoted to the matter, except in the single stand point token in the outset of this article. Augusta atad PortRoyal. The Augusta papers, says the Savannah Ad vertiser, are urging the completion of the Au gusta and Port Royal Road, tho ultimate result of which, the Constitutionalist says, will be the establishment of a line of steamers from Fort Royal to Liverpool. Tho superior advantages of Port Royal, in its fine harbor, deep water, •tc., are very forcibly alluded to in contrast with Charleston and Savannah, which will only admit the smaller class of steamers. The Fort Royal Railroad Company was char tered by the States of Sonth Carolina and Geor gia, to run from Port Royal, Sonth Carolina, to Augusta, Ga., crossing the Savannah river at or near Sand Bar Ferry—with a draw bridge—so as dim. Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars have been subscribed, paid in and expended, in sur veying and grading the road. The stockholders have voluntarily reduced tho stock one-half, so there is now only one hundred and twenty-five thonsand dollars of stock issued, although twice Brownlour Retires. W. G. Brownlow has at last terminated his '“wras tho editor of the Knoxville Whig. The lis*. number contains his valedictory. The paper tT*!! t° *** hands of T. Haws & Co., al- • that has been paid in. The reduction was made tikJ* , still owns the office. He has been so as to invite new subscriptions. W* editor of it for thirtyyears, and has made! Forty-one and a half miles of the road bed personal enemies than any man who ever i have been graded, leaving only sixty-one miles f^' l a newspaper since the invention of print-1 to be graded. The grading done commences -c- His career as an editoT has been one long about thirty-five miles from Augusta, and is of personal broils. It is a pity such men j continued towards Port Royal « have anything to do with tho public press.! Tho rigbt of hfl3 been procnrod for the _ . * rewe ® address he says: “ In reviewing greater part of the way, mostly by free gift to «..• eventful career as an editor, I have the company; and the balance, it is presumed, will be acquired in like maimer, or at slight cost. The distance from Augusta to Port Eoya (deep water) is one hundred and ten miles. At eighty-five and a half miles from Augusta, the ttis to say, that had I my life to live over I pursue the same course I havo pursued; c %more so.” Vindictive to the last. Oomonm-T. print to- eaghty-five and a haff miles from Augusta, the ^ He first letter from a special and accom- Port Koyal Raihoad crosses and connects ^th ^Washingtoncorrespondent. Should they the Savannah and Chwleston Railroad mafang facts and matter not anticipated by ; it only one bnndredand tinrty-six miles frorn Au- ^ sources, and therefore fresh and attrac- gnstatoeither Savannah or Chariest on by the Port we will continue them, otherwise not _ , Royal Railroad rm the Savannah and Charles- letters, in these days of telegrams, are a ! 1 ton Railroad; thus putting deep water twenty-six nuisance. I'evxaVj Geobgia. to . miles nearer Augusta than either Charleston or • Savannah, and giving Augusta a new railroad to They hai^a smart contest bo th Charleston and Savannah as short and di- jor and Alderman of Newnan on the 2d ?** at » resulting in the election of the following avera S e °t about forty majority: ^ I° r —Hugh Browster—Aldermen—A. B. J. C. Wooten, J. J. Pinson, E. Moneghan. |. * from the Herald that Newnan has but jj" of her bonded debt yet unliquidated.— *** i* snug. Showing.—Massachusetts, with a popu- 1)207,031, has, according to a states j^cf the New York World, in her alms- C0Tmt y prisons, reformatories, etc., \ yr ' ’ an< l more than 20,000 strolling vaga- “• Bad for the model State. q. .j. Oct.—Griffin had three weddings for which finished np the business there time. The Star says there is no more al on hand, at present. The beauties left number scarce twelve summers, and most m Me already engaged. rect as by the present rontes. The Election in Dougherty. -Out county election, on Wednesday, says tho Albany News, passed off quietly, and much after the style of the olden time. The Rads having no man in the county who could give a bond, let the elec tion go by default, and the following decent gentlemen were elected without opposition: Sheriff—J. W. Kemp; Deputy Sheriff—-J. S. Brown; Clerk Superior Court—J. F. Cargile ; Ordinary—B. F. Wilder : Coroner—M. Bames; County Surveyor—B. F. Robert. Election nr Brooks.—The Quitman Banner sayB Wm. Hudson was elected Cleric of the Su perior Court, and J. H. Brown, Sheriff of Brooks at the election on Wednesday last Auoubza Factory stock sold on Monday, in that city, at $1 50, after the quarterly dividend had been paid. A BALE of Peeler cotton, shipped from Mem phis, was sold in Savannah at forty-five cents per pound. OCR BAILWAY MACHINE-SHOPS. > An Hour Among Railroad Mechanics. The Work They Do and the .Wages They are Paid. THE MAOON AND WESTERN SHOPS. An erroneous idea prevails that the mechanics of the South are next to nothing, aa compared with those of the North. (We use the term me- chanics as applied to articles of manufacture, and not to men.) Men of intelligence really sup pose that everything we use is made either in Great Britain or New England: that our railroad companies do some little “repairing,” but never pretend to make a single thing they use, from a doorlatch to a locomotive. It is fashionable to believe the Sonth one hundred years to the rear of civilization in this direction. Whilst this idea prevails here at home, our Northern brethren are under the solid conviction that they have to furnish us everything, from a wooden ham up to the New York Tribune and one of Beecher’s “ tragic” sermons, or one of his moral essays upon a racehorse in Bonner’s Ledger. It is true we do not revere the manufacture of buttons and shoepegs as among the fine arts, but we do other kinds of manufacturing, and that npon an exten sive scale. And this city is generally regarded as full of palaces, but not much business. It is looked upon as a city of magnificent distances—a shell without much in it But it has, for all that, real elements of vitality, a genuine trade, and does an enormous amount of business. It has seven hundred and twenty-five miles of railway already completed, and two hundred more in process of construction. It will perhaps be in teresting to our readeis to tell them something of OUR RAILWAY MACHINE SHOPS. In a walk through the southeastern division of the city yesterday morning, we stopped at the Macon and Western Machine Shops. The watch man at the gate required a pass from headquar ters, but as that Involved too much trouble, wo sent a card to the master machinist, Mr. Wm. McCandless, who at once came forward and ac companied ns through his works. They are sit uated upon a level lot of ground containing, we suppose, fifty acres, and enclosed by a heavy brick wall. The grounds are well and perfectly adapted to the purposes for which they are used. Situated nearly opposite are the Machine shops of the Southwestern, quite as extensive and as complete as the ones we more minutely inspected. The Central shops are in East Ma con. Near the Macon and Western the Bruns wick has bought a large lot of ground and in a few years will be in full operation. All its surplus capital is now being expended upon con structing and finishing the track; depots and shops must come after. But as the Macon and Western shops were the only one we entered we will speak of them more exclusively, remarking that they are all veiy much alike. THE DIFFEEENT DEPARTMENTS. 1. The first building we entered within the in closure was the Passenger Car Shed. Into this house all passenger coaches are backed npon their arrival from Atlanta, and are thoroughly washed, scoured and cleaned. A stream of water from the great tank was being poured upon one, which already looked as bright as new. 2. We next entered the Round House. Into this department the disabled engines of the Company are taken and repaired, and new ones are constructed. These shops were built in 1855. Since that time seven new engines have been turned out from them as follows: The Asbury Hull, August, 1858. The Emerson Foote, June, 1859. The Victory, July, 18C2. The Sunshine, 18G3. The N. C. Munroe, December, 1866. 4 The Padelford, July, 1867. The Vulcan, July, 1867. They were constructed from the ground up. The Sunshine and the Victory were standing in the Ronnd House. They are beautiful locomo tives. We never saw finer finished work of that class than was displayed upon them. All these locomotives have been in tho con stant service of the company since the days they were respectively turned out. It now costs about §20,000 to buy a locomotive, but they, of course, can be constructed at borne much cheaper, and the ones, before ns afford proof conclusive that they can be us well built. We also saw several old ones being overhauled and “ reconstructed,” one of which had been bought from the Government. 3. The Foundry came next. Here the cast ing is done. It is by the old and familiar pro cess of “flasks” and sand. We saw a “frog” which Mr. McAlwee had just turned out. There are “patterns” sent down to him from the pat tern shop for everything ordered by the Master Machinist. It is made the duty of the pattern maker to furnish a model in wood of every drawing necessary, which, upon being received by the foundry, are cast into iron. Iron in any and every shape can be made, if the pattern is furnished. 4. These Machine Works are driven by an en gine of forty horao power. Tho chimney, or smoke stack, is one hundred feet high, and is a beautiful piece of masonry. It towers high above every other object in the lower portion of the city. Near the engine room we were shown the Tin Shop, where everything in the way of tinware, roofing, etc., used by the Company is made. Also the Brass Foundry, for making the necessary articles of that description. 5. The Machine Shop. In this division the machinery is quite extensive and complete. The finer grades of work are executed here, as, also mnch of the repairing of the locomotives. It musters the best mechanics in the service, and they must be masters of their profession in order to retain their situations. 6. In an adjoining room we came npon the Steam, or “Trip Hammer.” It was placed there during the war. And in another adjoining sub division is the Blacksmith Shop containing fire forges kept in constant blast. 7. The Car Shop. This is under the superin tendency of Ja»ues A. Knight, Master Carpenter. Literally speaking, every passenger coach and box car used npon the whole road is made in this shop. We saw one of each under way and about half finished. The Passenger Coaches npon that railway are really superb. We never traveled in more luxurious cars upon any road in the United States. In this, as in mak ing the Engines, the Company have brought their work to the highest standard known. Any one who has traveled npon the Macon and West ern Railroad since the war will agree that this compliment is well deserved. In addition to these divisions, there is an Up holstery department, an Oil and Waste House, and several other subdivisions of these vast works, THE MECHANICS. There are one hundred and forty mechanics employed in all Their wages range from $2.00 to $4.50 per day. The engineers, blacksmiths and boiler makers get $4.50: the finishers §4.25; the apprentices receive from $2.00 to $4.00, ac cording to their proficiency. They are aQ under the supervision of Mr. McCandless, the master machinist. Mr. Roes is the accountant and book-keeper, and pays off all hands monthly. Obtaining work is somewhat difficult, as far more applications are made than can be accom modated. The situations are desirable upon many accounts: 1. The best of wages are paid. 2. Nearly all the great railroadmenof the oountry commenced in these shops when they were boys. Companies always prefer them in any capacity to any other class of men. They make railroad ing their study, and the right kind of a boy will understand it in all its ramifications when he grows to manhood. But in making selections for apprentices the greatest care is taken to get boys of a mechanical turn of mind. It is well known that some people are bom without any approach to ingenuity whatever, whilst others can make almost anything without much school ing. These shops always have work for thislatter class. •. : - - CONCLUSION. What we have stud in regard to the Macon and Western, may also be said of the South western and Central They go abroad for very little of their rolling stock, or for the ma terial out of which it is constructed- They are certainly institutions which, although they do say they charge “ pretty heavy,” spend the money made at home. Macon (and “that’s what’s the matter with Hannah”) gets preeions little ont of the Central, as its head and hind quar ters are in Savannah. Tbe Civil and Military Expedition to • tbe Ogeecnee. No Arrests Made Yesterday—The Authorities in Possession of the Premises—The Houses Found to have been Sacked—4000 Bushels of Rice Stolen—Plantation Negroes Complain of Outrages. About six o’clock yesterday morning the civil and military expedition, to the Ogeecheo coun try, left the Atlantio and Gulf Bailroad Depot to proceed to Station No. 1, by special train, Tho forces composing tho expedition were Sheriff Dooner and eight deputies, and Com panies A and I, of the 16th United States In- fanty, under command of CoL Sweeney. The train soon arrived at No. 1, where tho troops were disembarked. No negroes were seen, and the expedition marched up the road towards the plantation of Messrs. Middleton and Tucker. .Col Sweeney and Maj. Middleton went in ad vance of the party. Wildhome plantation was fonnd to be perfectly quiet. The march was continued to the Grove place, and here the operations of the negroes were fully displayed, and the sort of “prayer meeting” that they had been bolding plainly to bo seen. Everything moveable about the premises was gone. Tho house had been ransacked from bottom to top, the mantlepieces broken, and several of tho sashes stove in. The door of the store-room had been cut open, and its contents stolen. The house was filled with dirt and filth, and its whole appearance changed from a fine residence to a ruined and desolated building. One of the watch dogs lay dead under the steps where he had been shot by.the lawless negroes, the putrid, decomposing mass rendering the air very disa greeable. About half-past ono o’clock the two military companies arrived atthe Groveplace, andformed a camp. CoL Sweeney deemed it advisable not to make any arrests until the' negroes had been informed that any resistance to the law would be punished by tbe United States authorities, and messengers were sent to the different plantations at half past two o’clock, to summon the negro leaders. They had not returned when our in formant left the place. CoL Sweeney, Maj. Middleton and Capt. Tuck er paid a visit to the Southfield plantation, and found that place also desolated. The entire lot of rice in their mill, amounting to some four thousand bushels, had been stolen by the ma rauding negroes. They also gained additional evidence of outrages committed by tbe insur gents from bands on the place, who had been threatened with death, assaulted and badly treat ed by the vagabonds in arms against tbe law. It was expected that most of the persons against whom warrants had been placed in the hands of the Sheriff would be arrested to-day. A negro who was interrogated regarding the actions of the lawless negroes said that he did not dare give any names or information, as he would be punished for so doing. Major Henry Bryan, Capt. J. F. Tucker and Mr. Gleason came up last evening. They re port all quiet when they left, and say it will pro bably require two or three days to make tho ar rests. The military have formed a camp and will remain on the premises for some time. The worst gang of negroes are said to be lo cated on Haywood’s place; they work for no body, and have been engaged in stealing all during tbe fall and winter. The investigations of the officers thus far g rove the truth of the various reports which we ave received from the Ogeecheo plantations. The lawless blacks after driving off tbe white planters, overseers, aijd watchmen, appear to have overrun the plantations, and they have stolen everything that they could lay hands on, desolated the places, and destroyed the crops of Messrs. Middleton and Tucker. We hope that the Sheriff and his officers will be able to secure the whole gang. Sherif Dooner is working en- getically to secure that‘end, and is doing all in his power to be successful We may be able to S resent further developments to-morrow.— foruing News, 0th. \ From theOgeechcc. Sheriff Dooner, Depxty Sheriff Isaac Rnssell, and a posse, arrived ii the city yesterday, by the evening^ train, wife sixty-seven prisoners, making in an eighty-three of tbe robbers of tho Southfield plantations new in custody. They were marched to the United States barrack for safe keeping last night, and will be committed to the Chatham county jail to-day by Justice P. M. Russell, Jr. A general notice was given to the negroes for whose anest warrants are in tho hands of the sheriff, to come to the military head quarters of General Sweeney, and in response thereto the number now in custody made their appearance at the military camp. Sheriff Dooner repods all quiet on tho Ogee- chee when he left. Tho military remain in camp at the Grove plantation, and the sheriff expects to return to-day or to-morrow for the purpose of securing me remainder of tho rob bers for whose arrest warrants are in liis-posses sion. Tho impression seems to prevail that bnt few more will come forward and surrender, and that it will be necessary to seek for the remain der. • The course pursued by tho militaiy is worthy of commendation, and has doubtless broken np the organization of this band of marauders whose proceedings were calculated and intended to render planting an impossibility in that fertile section of the State.—Savannah Republican, 7th. Conservative Prospects-in Virginia. TeTeoramt to the New York IForM.) Washington, January 4.—The stand taken by the Virginia Democrats, coupling universal am nesty and -universal suffrage, excites the hope here of carrying the State for the Conservatives by 20,000 majority. Excellent feeling exists between the Conservatives and the blacks. It is believed that the Constitution will be defeat ed, and one imposing no disqualifications adopt ed at a later day. .. . GENERAL GRANT. . V To-night General Grant arrived from Phila delphia. His family returned with him. Quite a number of Congressmen who came in the same train did not know of his presence until the capi tal wasreoched. The General was in good health. BUSINESS TO-MORROW. : i ' Comparatively few members arrived to-night. At the meeting of Congress to-morrow there will probably be a quorum in each House, but a thin one, and other than bills and joint resolutions to be offered in the nsnal quantity, little is expected to be done till Wednesday. BAILROAD MATTERS. The President of the Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago, Philadelphia, Wu- mington and Baltimore, New Jersey, and Cam den and Amboy Railroads, are ont in a circular X install Railroads before Congress contem- dng other routes from the capital. The cir cular is brief, and merely calls attention to the bills, and asks for action against them, particu larly in the Senate. It is signed by J. Edgar Thompson, Geo. W. Cass, T. L. Jewett Isaac Hinckley, Ashbel Welch, A. L. Dennis and Wm. Gatzmer, in behalf of the railroads in the or der named. • r Stock Sale in Columbus.—The Enquirer of Wednesday says: . * •“ — ■ Yesterday the Messrs. Ellis sold at auction stock of the Eagle and Phoenix Manufacturing Company at §103; Southwestern Railroad stock, with accruing interest, estimated at 4 per oent., sold at $102; Muscogee stock, merged with Southwestern, brought from 92 to 93. This sale must be regarded as an evidence of the soundness and prosperity of our Factory and Railroad enterprises. Mobs or Grant's Conversation.—The New York Sun’s Washington correspondent says: “It is well known by all of Gen. Grant’s friends that he is, and has been at all times, in favor of re moving from office every Democrat whom he finds in place ; and in talking to his friends he speaks freely of ‘copperheads and rebels,’ and nsver conceals his dislike for them.” BY TELEGRAPH. =S£2= From Washington. Washington, January 8.—The Supreme Court is hearing local appeals. There was a full Cabinet meeting to-day. Gen. F. P. Blair visited the President. Gen. Rousseau’s death has caused a.general gloom here, as he was highly respected and loved. The ootton bill authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to purchase all cotton grown after the pass age of the bill, delivered at any railroad depot or on a steamer making direct connection with New York, at twenty cents per pound for uplands and thirty cents tot Sea Islands. Purchases are to be made through revenue officers and the ootton is to be ex empt from tax; but if sold to others than an agent of tho United States, then it is to be taxed three cents per pound. Cotton purchased by the Govern ment shall be sold at a price not less than five cents per pound on cost. A full report of all transactions are to be presented to Congress at tho commence ment of each regular session. Tho Virginia Committee are all present to-day, ex cept J. W. Bolling, Windam and Robertson. Bolling expected, bnt Windham is absent on important busi ness. The meeting to-night is only preliminary and private. Washington, January 9.—The announcement that the Election Committee had determined to report adversely on both Christy and Wimpley, contestants from Georgia, was premature. Mr. Cuthbert, Clerk of Judge Busteed’s Court, of Alabama, testifies to the falsifications of the record. The Virginia Committee is in secret session. The managers of the Peat&dy Educational Fund meet in Baltimore on Wednesday. Gen. Grant mil be present. Grant and Rawlings dined with E varts last night. Customs from 21st to 31st ulL, (inclusive) were three million ono hundred and eleven thousand dol lars. Tho Reconstruction Committee gave the Mississip pi caao their attention to-day. Tho Georgia case will be considered by the Committees of both Houses on Monday. Gon. Geo. Morgan, of Mississippi, is here apply ing for a removal of his political disabilities. He takes no part in tho contest for the immediate ad mission of the State.. i The Virginia Committee have had several inter views with leading Congressmen, who manif est great interest to hear their views. They have another privato meeting to-night. Creecy, a Revenuo Supervisor, says tho report that tho tobacco and cigars recently seized in New Or leans bad been spirited away is untrue. Congressional. Washington, January 8.—Senate.—Rico intro duced a bill regulating the price, and encouraging the production of cotton. House.—Tho House is engaged on private bills. . Senate—Afternoon Session.—The bill regulating tho price, and encouraging tho production of cot ton, was referred. The Finance Committee, through Mr. Morrill, re ported a bill amending the act providing for a na tional currency, mentioning incidentally, that tho United States loses six hundred thousand dollars by a national bank in Boston. Passed. The bill restricting the jurisdiction of tho Court of Claims was referred to the Judiciary Committee. The relief of Sue Murphy was resumed. Hen dricks favored the bill The Senate then passed several personal disabili ty bills and adjourned. House—Afternoon Session.—The Philadelphia sugar refinery apply for a new classification of sugar for tariff. A number of private bills were passed. After a long discussion on the Appropriation bill for West Point, it passed, and the Houso then went into Committee of the Whole and adjourned. Foreign News. London, January 8.—The feeling among tbe tan an try in some parts of Ireland is very bttter against the landholders. Many oases of agrarian violence are reported. > Basis, January 8. — The Conference oertainly opens to-morrow. The Sultan telegraphed instruc tions, including orders to withdraw his objections. The Turkish ultimatum to Greece will be dis cussed. ' *.* ' * ' j ' ~ ' ■ ”, " ~ •' l Tj-J The bullion in the Bank of France has decreased 27,500,000 francs. London. January 9.—The Sultan’s firm attitude exciiee alarm. Madrid dispatches reports mush agitation through out Spain. . ,T,-r , l-lVy ; An insurrection in Milan is reported. London, January 9.—Advioes from Candia con firm the complete submission of the Cretans to the Turks. ! Thirty-nine of the missing passengers and crew ' of the steamer Hibernia are on the Ocean Spray, bound for New York. ■ Funeral of General Rossean, New Orleans, January 9.—Tho funeral of Gen. RoBseau, this afternoon, was largely attended, not withstanding tho unpleasantness of tho weather. Tho services wore conducted in Christ's Church by the Bishop of Louisiana. Tho pall bearcra were Generals of tho regular army—Hatch, Mower, Beck with, Babcock, Porter, Tompkins and McClure, and former Generals of volunteers: Steedman, Henan, Loo, McMillan, Bussey and Gueny, and a equal num ber of the Masonic fraternity. The funeral escort was, first: Infantry, Battery K, First Artillery, Company G of tho 6th Cavalry, Masonic fraternity, city offi cers and Council, State officers and Legislature, a large concourse of citizens on foot and in carriages. Resolutions of sympathy and regret were adopted by tho Legislature and City ConnciL Messages of a similar character were transmitted by tho Governor and Mayor to tho Legislature and City Council. Tho Courts adjourned, and tho pnblic offices and nearly aU the business bouses dosed along the line of march of tho cortege. Death, of General Rossean. New Orleans. January 8.—General Rossean died very calmly last night at 11 o’dock, having taken leave of bis friends and staff shortly before. Mani festations of regret are frequent to-day. It berng tho holiday of the anniversary of tho battle of Now Orleans, all flags flying, both foreign consular and American, a aret half mast and draped in mourning. v, lynched. Augusta, January 9.—It is reported that tho mur derers of Martin and his two sisters, who were mur dered, robbed and burned at their home in Columbia county, a few weeks since, were taken from the jail at Appling and lynched. A white man named An derson Upton, and three negroes, who composed tho party, confessed tho murder of Martin and his sisters, and tho stealing of six hundred dollars in gold, and subsequently tho burning of tho house, in order to cover their guilt. General Hews. Hamburg, January 9.—The passengers of tho Be- russia, which was reported off Portland, England, with a broken shaft, are all safely landed. Death of John Minor Botts. : ^ Alexandria, Va., January 8.—Hon. John Minor Botts, died at his home in Culpepper county, this morning at ono o’clock. Tho funeral will take place in Richmond on Sunday. From Virginia. Richmond, January 8.—A company of infantry and a battery of tho Fifth Artillery were Bent to Norfolk by rail to-day. A meeting of citizens is called for to-morrow, to mako preparations for the funeral of Mr. Botts. Tho bells tolled all day. The 8tate House flags are at half mast. CoL Thomas N. Harwell, a Captain in the war of 1812, died hero to-day, aged 81. General Hews. Rochester, January 8—Eight of tho fifty wound ed by tho falling of a school-house are doad. Tho accident is attributed, by the Coroner’s Jury, to neg lect in putting stone caps on tho brick peers. New Orleans, January 8.—Gen. Rousseau will be buried here to-morrow at 3 f. sc. Gen. Buchan an assumed command to-day by virtue of his seni ority. In his order assuming command, he simply announced that fact. Generals Babcock and Porter, of Grant’s staff, have returned from Texas. An order was issued yesterday, prohibiting farth er admissions to the freedmen’s hospital in this city. ' From Cuba. Havana, January 8—Dulce’s address says: “I will brave every danger and accept every responsi bility for your welfare. Revolution has swept away the Bourbon’s rights to citizenship and their dignity. Spaniards and Cabans are brothers from this day. The freedom of the press, and the right to public meet- irgi, andrepresentation in theNational Cortez are the fundamental principles of the true liberty granted to you. I adjure Gubans and Spaniards to forget the past and hope for the future to establish union and fraternity.” From Virginia. Richmond. January 9.—As an offset to tbe opera tions of the Virginia Committee in Washington, the State Grant and Colfax Association have adopted a memorial to Congress, asking, in view of the decep tion practised by persons whose disabilities have been removed, that no further steps be taken in that di rection until applicants have proved in the coming election that they favor reconstruction by voting for it A committee is to be sent to Wanbington to oppose the amnesty movement. The remains of John M. Botts arrived this even ing. They were laid in state in the Council Chamber. A meeting was held at the capitol to-night, and pre sided over by the Mayor, where reeoiationa on bis death, offered by Judge Alex. Rives, were adopted, with leulogies from Gov. Welles, and Hon. L. N. Chandler. He will be buried to-monow. Objections to Hiring Laborers on Shares Considered. Editors Tdegraph: I have just read an ar ticle in yonr paper on the subject of hiring la borers to cultivate our land, signed “Reform.” He says, “To employ hands and pay them a part of the crop, is ruinous in its effects to both proprietor and laborer.” . TT?g first reason is, “It almost totally deprives the farmer of proper direction and control of the affairs of his farm. 0 To this intrusion (if so he considers it) I would say, let the farmer frame his contract so as to allow himself entire control over his farm. In every instance where t.h<« privilege is reserv ed by the proprietor of a farm, it works weD, especially where the proprietor is a man of good common sense. His second reason is: “It generates a spirit of unthriftiness, in both proprietor and laborer, which soon becomes manifest in rotten fences, gates, buildings, etc., and in filled np ditches, .and a large and thrifty growth of pine bnshes, briars, and broomsedge.” ’ I see not oho vestage of reason why it should generate a spirit of^ unthrift. If the proprietor of a farm is possessed of common sense, com bined with a proper degree of energy, he will hire his hands after tho crop is made, or during the time of a wet season of weather, (when it is ruinous to land to work it while in a wet condi tion,) and repair his fencing, gates, build ; Lgs, etc., and clean out ditches, etc. By this modus operandi, the farmer and laborers are equally benefitted. Tbe farmer’s work being done un der bis own supervision and direction—of course giving him satisfaction, at tho same time it puts into the hands of his laborers, a little ready money, by which they can procure a few press ing comforts or luxuries of their humble life. Now as to pine bushes, briars and broomsedge, most any slophead farmer knows full well that these are valuable appendages to our uncultiva ted lands, as they not only prevent washing, but also enrich the old fields, that are now too often barren of vegetation. His third reason is, “It almost precludes the use of manures of all kinds.” This, I thinly is is his best reason why a farmer should not hire his laborers for “ a part of tho crop.” But even this can be easily overcome by counting the ex penses of the fertilizers, together with the nec essary expenses of making the crop. His fourth reason is: “It causes the farmer to pawn his mules, crops, etc., and to spend half his time with lawyers and sheriffs.” I do not ac cuse your intelligent correspondent dishon esty, but this is what I do know, that there is as many law cases connected with hiring labor ers by a given stipend, as by allowing them a part of the crop. Tho proprietor of a farm must gain the confidence and respect of his laborers; he should not allow them to uospeetjaim of dis honesty. He should, even in the smallest trans- tions with his laborers, observe strictly tbe ‘GoldenRule,’ and in ninety-nine coses ont of an hundred, he will not be troubled with lawyers and sheriffs. Yonr correspondent’s fifth ret-jon is: Because there is not a vestige of progress or common sense in it. 'When a hand hires himself in this way it is with many mental resovations, and al ways with the distinct understanding,onhis part, that he is to do pretty mnch as he pleases, to work when, and how he pleases, that his time is his own, and that whatever, much or little, is made, he will be fed and get something, he does not know, or care mnch what, and the far mer feels and thinks about in the same way, never appearing to remember, that he is paying dearly for something which he does not get, to-wit: labor, and without which his whole ‘ fanning process must be a failure." : This, like most of his previous (Objections, de pends on the nature and framing of a contract between the farmer and his laborer. The in- ( telligent fanner will not be controled by the suggestions of his employee, unless founded on ; true philosophical principles, and it is the in telligent fanner in whom the agricultural inter est must depend for progress and improvement. The proprietor of a farm should in every case ! reserve the privilege of directing the operations bf his farm. This has been done repeatedly, and attended with success and satisfaction to both, farmer and laborer. The proprietor of a farm, (as in any other branch of employment,) must know his business, if he would be success ful ; then, and not till then, can he succeed. In order to secure faithful labor, the fanner should specify in a written contract that impor tant item, and should the laborer prove unfaith ful or incapable of performing his part of the contract, he can be dismissed as easily as in the cose where laborers are employed by standing wages, and with no more inconvenience to the farmer. A threat has as good an effect upon the laborer in the one case as in the other. I think, Messrs. Editors, that your corres pondent’s ideas on labor-hiring are incorrect, and seem to be founded on theory alone, but as he is an intelligent theorist, I would be glad to hear from Mm again. -1 agree with you, Messrs. Editors, that this is an important matter, and deserves the attention and discussion of our agricultural friends. m J. C. N. The Sale of the Columbia Canal.—The Co lumbia Phoenix; of yesterday, says: We learn that the Commissioners appointed for the disposal of the Columbia Canal (some dissatisfaction being expressed upon what was considered their premature action,) re-opened the bids yesterday, and upon a full considera tion of all that were subsequently received, re affirmed their former acceptance; and it may- now be considered definitely determined that the canal property will go into the hands of CoL Pierce, who will be assisted in its developement by Governor Sprague, the millionaire manufac turer of Rhode Island. Hu's is one of the most important transactions for the advancement of the material interests of Columbia which has ever been consummated. We may now confi dently look for the early appearance of that “good time coming," which has been sighed for by so many. From all we can learn of the par ties connected with the enterprise, we have rea son to believe that the won; of improvement will be rapidly pushed forward, and in a com paratively short time, the ham of the spindle and click of the loom will be heard along the banks of this hitherto almost useless stream. We are confident that the hearty sympathies and good wishes of the entire community will follow the efforts of the gentlemen connected with this monster enterprise, end that the am plest success shall be their reward. Tbe Cotton ttapply. From the New York Kxpreee.l The firmness Wkh whieh ootton «gnt»MO to beheld in Engtaryt. at a tide, too): titettthe owp in the United States has turned out • fair average, continues to excite surprise on the oth er lade of tho Atlantic. Those who aosne months since were of opinion that middling Hew Or leans would decline to 9d. per pound, and "those who advocated a heavy fall in prices to secure for the manufacturers cheap and safe markets for the future, find that they have been laboring under a delusion as regards consumption and production. The best authorities concur in the opinion that, on the whole, there is nothing in dicative of a much lower range of quotations. On the 26th alt., the total visible supply of cot ton was only 960,000 bales. Last year it was 1,116,000, and in 1866, 1,298,000 bales. Since that date the quantity has declined to about 840.- 000 bales—a quantity which is wholly opposed to tbe theory of low currencies. The compari son of the visible supply stands thus: 1868. 1867. 1866. American—bales. .336.000 416,000 651,000 East Indian bales.. 582,000 591,000 554,000 Sundries bales 42,000 109,000 93,000 960,000 I,UC,000 1,298,000 The effect of these supplies on prices is seen by the following quotations from the corres ponding periods: 1868. 1867. 1.866. Mid. Oriease at Liverpool. 1 lid. 8id. 144d. FairDhollera at Liverpool. 8*d. old. lOld. Differqpce 3d. 2d. 4d. New Orleans cotton, it will be seen, is Sd. per pound dearer than it was in 1807. The compar ison as regards 1866 shows a fall of 4d- per pound. The quotations then current, however, were far too high to tempt large buyers to enter the market. The London Mercantile Gazette, speculating upon the extent of the American crops, and the future range of values, says: "We still contend that quite 2,700,000 bales of cotton have been grown in America this year. If we assume that the total supply for the season will exceed 1867 by 100,000bales, we do not see how prices can possibly be reduced even 2d per pound beneath their present level It is all very well to advocate a diminished consumption in this country; but a great trading nation like Jhis cannot stand still. Our home demand for goods is something enormous, and our export trade is increasing everv year. The trade, whatever prices may be ruling here or elsewhere, must be met: and whilst the sales of cotton con tinue on their present scale, we shall look in vain for any important increase in the stocks in ware house.” The new crop in India is said to be turning out well—so well indeed, that the exports fr6m Bengal alc*u, it is believed, will reach 100,000 bales. But, as India estimates are usually much in excess of actualities, tho effect on the value of the American article is still to be de termined. Au Important Invention. I We were shown yesterday, by Captain Blood, the inventor, at the ticket office of tile Jackson railroad, a number of adjustable seats, which may bo arranged so as to answer every require ment of a sleeping car. At first blush the seats look like those in on ordinary passenger car; but on examination, it is found that the back of each seat can, with the greatest ease, be changed into five different positions, thereby obviating the necessity—which was, by tbe way, one of the most objectionable features in railroad trav eling—of keeping in a perfectly upright position. At night, when it is desired to convert the seats into a bed, the back of one is let down, and fills np the space between perfectly, while the back of the other is let down to an angle of about forty-five degrees, making a most com fortable pillow for the head. But it will be said two seats can only accommodate two people ly ing down, while four occupy them sitting. That is true, and to obviate this very difficulty, Capt. Blood has arranged, in a most ingenuous man ner, a bed, wMch, when notin use. fits up to the ceiling in so nice a manner as to look like a portion of the car itself. By turning two catches, this bed slides down to a proper height, and is firmly sustained by rods, npon which are spiral springs, wMch makes the bed, in point of fact, a spring bed, and, therefore, if anything, more desirable than the lower one. In-the morning, when the pas sengers arise and wish to resume a sitting pos ture, the covering, etc., is laid upon the upper bed, wMch a slight push sends to its original po sition, the rods folding up as quietly and neatly as possible, and the seats in an instant re-ad justed. At night, each couple of seats is, or may be, surrounded by curtains, just as in a regular sleeping car. These curtains are folded away compactly in the daytime, and resemble the ordinary drapery of a car. A Most Amusing Grammatical Anecdote.—A witness in a trial in "Winchester, England, be fore Mr. Baron Martin, persistedin telling what other people said, and interlarded his testimony so often with “said I” and “said he,” that the counsel was utterly bewildered. The Court at tempted to set the man right: ‘ ‘My good man, tell us exactly what happened.” “Yes, my Lord, certainly. I said I should not have the pig.” “Well* what was his answer?” “He said that he had been keeping the pig for me, and that he—” “No, no, he did not say that; he could not havo said it. He spoke in the first person.” “I was the first person that spoke, my Lord.” “I mean this: don’t, bring in the thud person; repeat his exactwords.” “There was no third person, my Lord; only him and me.” “Lookhere, my good fellow, he did not say he had been keeping the pig; he said, ‘I nave been keeping it. - ' "I assure you, my Lord, there was no mention of your Lordship, at all. We are on two different stories, my Lord. There was no third person; and if any thing had been said about your Lordship, I must have heard it.” — A Revolution in Heating Apartments.—The World has a flaming notice of a recent inven tion by Professor John Johnson, of Saco, of a steam aparatus for heating rooms by a lamp or two, which he says will dispense with grates, stoves, wood and coal. The World says: Mr. Johnson’s heater consists of an air-tight sheet-iron cylindor with a cluster of tnlies run ning through it from top to bottom, and which are open at both ends. The . bottom, of this heater is in the centre, cup-shaped and holds a little water, and jn3t below it is a gas burner or lamp. This constitutes a full description of the invention. Anything simpler in construction it would be difficult to find in all the designs of the last half century. The water put into the cup at the bot tom is just sufficient to fill the inner space of the cylinder with steam at ordinary atmosphere pressure; in the smallest size of heater this quantity amounts to little more than a table spoonful—it being an accepted axiom that a cu bic inch of water will make a cubic foot of steam (saturated) at barometric pressure. The water is sealed up hermetrically when the cylinder is made, and nothing remains for the owner but to light the gas jet under it. Immediately the steam rises into the cylinder, heat ing all the radiating surface,' and the ex cess passing into the little condenser at the top is reconverted into water, and runs back into the oup. Thus goes on, self-regulat ing, a process as simple as the operation of solar heat. If the hand is placed over the apertures at the top, distinct currents of warm air will be felt issuing from the tubes, caused by the heat of the surrounding vapor. This is diffusion. If the hand be held at the distance of a foot from the exterior jacket, a pleasant radiant heat will be felt. This, then, is radiation, and the two agencies are co-operating in the work of changing the atmosphere of the apartment, and will so continue ml infinitum, so long as the flame or other source of heat is supplied^ The Trial or the Ookechee Prisoners.—The Ogeecheo prisoners now in the county jail number eighty-five, with a strong probability that it will be increased to one hundred and fifty- in a few days. The prison will be crowded al most to suffocation, and the expense to the county will be fearful. Justice to the prisoners and justice to the tax payers of the dSonty re quire that they should be tried at the earliest - possible moment. The January session of the Superior Court will open on Monday next, and we hope Jndge Schley will deem it to be fata duty, If practicable, to give tbe trial of these cases precedence of over all other business, to that the cases may be disposed of and the coun ty relieved from the expense of aobsiatingthein, at the earliest day possible. It has been sug gested that there is a doubt about the existsaoe of any law to authorise the drawing and sum moning grand and petit juries for the trial of causes in the Superior Court, and if legislative enactment is neoessaxy to enable the Court to empannel juries, every poSBihia effort ahoeU b« made to induoe tha Legislature, which ire be lieve meets on the 18th inst,, to act upon dm question forthwith.—SaW+nah Republican 9th. Tern Tarkiah AdmtaJttt fitturafinil render of the Greek rtimir book, and wm ooostdered iMffitabla aldSlMM. •V • . . • ' ", ot . <- •.V.': sv. Hvannimi
