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The Greoi'gia "WeeJkly Telegraph.
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THE TELEGRAPH,
jIAOON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 15, 1869.
Close of the Week.
The fi«t week of the year, and a lovely one
it has been—closes in tears. The town is wet
*nJ doll, and the footsteps of the home-seekers
tlus dark and wet night, splash occasionally, as
thcv pas® under our window. The Teleoba^h
has inaugurated the week with unprecedented
accessions to its subscription lists, and we an
ticipate with pleasure a much enlarged sphere of
nsefnines in 1869.
State Agricultural Society.
We print to-day an appeal of the Secretary of
the State Agricultural Society, for the co-oper
ation of the people of Georgia. We trust it
^ill be effectual. We hope the people will
everywhere co-operate in this general move
ment looking to agricultural recuperation and
progress. It is the great topic of Georgia. Our
hearts are warmly interested in it, and we pur
pose to devote the Telegraph to this great en
terprise as a leading topic.
Wit and Wickedness.
Ono of the most melancholy things in the
world is that kind of wit which vents itself npon
the victims of injustice and folly. There is
health in the jibe, joke, satire and burlesque
aimed at triumphant wrong and flaunting and
impudent vice; bnt reverse the picture, and see
bnzen and triumphant wrong cracking its jokes
at the expense of its injured and defenceless
prey—that is one of the most sickening specta
cles on earth. It is associated with all that is
diabolical and degrading. It belongs to Pande
monium, and not to earth, where the divines
assure us of the omnipotence of virtue and the
certain triumph of justice.
We have been reading the wit of the New
York Tribune, and other Northern papers over
the concession of the Virginians to the demand
for universal negro suffrage, and the proposi
tion in Georgia to refer the contested) question
of negro eligibility to office under the State Con
stitution, to the Courts. Those papers, God
help them, are very witty at the concessions of
Virginia and Georgia to tho inexorable demands
of their triumphant foes. A Mexican banditti
shouting with laughter over the grotesque ap
pearance of their denuded victims, could not be
more hnmorous. Petit Andro, with his ready
cord, could not enjoy more heartily tho unnatur
al contortions of his strangling victims.
The South has boon made, under the manipu
lations of these remorseless Radical masters, to
accept, in turn, almost everything abhorrent to
her own honest convictions of right, reason,
justice, propriety and expediency, and the last
exaction is to accept what no Northern State
will accept for herself. Georgia is dragooned
for doing what Congress will never do—making
negro legislators.
Granting what these Merry Andrews assert—
that the doubts, scruples and objections of Geor
gia and Virginia are without merit and not en
titled to respect, npon what theory of a gov.
eminent by the popular will, do these so-called
republicans compel the acceptance of their spec
ulative dogmas, some of which they reject for
themselves, on other States and peoples, under
penalty of worse consequence ?
Are they not afraid to set such an example ?
Do they suppose that the sense of wrong, injus
tice and insult will be obliterated as easily
as this oppressive and intolerant policy is en
forced upon the defenceless Southern States?
Ib it not much to be feared that this injmious
domination will sink deeply into the Southern
heart, and the memory of it be handed down
from generation to generation? Is the art of
State combination, by which the South has been
so grievously humiliated, exhausted and lost in
its present gigantic development ? Or will it
return, one of these days, in new forms, to
smite the tyrants who wield it to wound and to
inflict a needless degradation on its defenceless
victims of to-day?
Men are most sensitive when they are the
most helpless; and in behalf of a just and ben-
eficent intersectional comity, which becomes the
more essential the more the government is con
solidated and centralized, we exhort the repre
sentatives of the North to cease this vindictive
policy and to lay the foundations of a cftholic
*nd national spirit, in forbearance and fair con
struction towards the South.
.The Social Problem.
Notwithstanding the levity of the radical press
over tho great qnestion of civil and social ad
justments in the Sonth, it did not need the re
cent tragedies near Savannah, in Virginia, North
Carolina, and various other points, to burden
the reflecting mind with a sense of the difficul
ties in the way. Mexico, South America, and
some of the West India Islands, show one way
in wjiich races have been harmonized at a cost
of fatally demoralizing hybridism. Fortunately,
the superior elevation of the Southern white
nuse and its rapidly increasing volume, preclude
snch a catastrophe here, and prefigure the ulti
mate and not distant solution of the problem.—
We have but to be patient and forbearing, and
Nature herself will settle all conflicts. The freed
negro will fade before the white man like the In-! not 1116 free navigation of the river.
Senator Bice's Cotton Monopoly Bill.
This Bill is the most significant public recog
nition yet made, since the war, of the grandeur
of the Southern cotton crop as a lever of nation
al credit. If they are compelled to look in vain
for it from the suggestions of sectional oomity
and reason and justice, the Southern people will
yet find the securities for a government which
will admit of industrial order and progress in
tho wealth of her annual products. The people
of the North cannot afford that snch grand con
tributions to the national prosperity and credit,
should be jeopardized in order to promote the
visionary schemes of tho New England political
sciolists.
Hence when, at last, it shall be discovered
that these efforts to reverse the order of nature
interfere with the material progress and devel
opment of the Sonth, we may look for common
sense to assert itself. We may be confident that
no measure necessary for tho maintenance of
social and industrial order will be long neglected.
We may anticipate that the fashionable cant
about the “rebel States” will mitigate, and
hatred and contempt for the conquered may
subside under a constantly enlarging sense of
their usefulness and value to the country.
The crops of the Sonth must, in truth, be our
only social and political defence. Constitutional
law is confessedly subverted and laughed at ev
ery where. Domestic self-government is pro
hibited to us, unless administered by agents of
the Federal power who are believed to be hos
tile to tho views, wishes and convictions of the
Southern people. It is a work which must be
entrusted to whites who are not of the people,
and to tho negroes who ore supposed to be in
antagonism to the white population of the South.
In brief, we must accept as a settled fact, that
the dominant States have determined that the
Federal, State and local administrations of the
South shall hereafter be shaped by those States
exclusively, and it may be a generation before
tho Southern States will be allowed to stand on
their own feet, and be considered entitled or
competent to manage their own affairs.
We hold, then, that there is no other substan
tial guaranty of order and industrial efficiency
in the South except the single one of the value
of the crops. The self-interest of the other sec
tions and of the Federal Government will not
permit these to be lost. If at any time society,
nnderthe New England administration of South
ern affairs, gets so deranged and topsy-turvy as
to interfere with the production of the crops, we
may look for the demand for and application of
a remedy by the overwhelming material interests
at stake.
Now, this is tho only practical deduction we,
can make, from tho fact that Senator Rice has
brought forward a bill to create a government
monoply of the cotton crop. This scheme,
were it adopted, and could it be carried out,
would annually convert about three hundred
millions of government securities into so much
gold, and of course rapidly retrieve the public
credit. But it is so indefensible on genial
principles, and will concentrate so strong an out
side financial opposition, that we assume nobody
will fear that it will be adopted.
It is, substantially, a forced levy on the South!
the most desperate of all financial war expedi
ents in time of peace. The same proposition
was agitated in Confederate times, as a desper
ate expedient for self preservation, and failed.
It contemplates a monoply which would provoke
the indignation of the whole outside world, and
in this way defeat its end. There is nothing
like it known. France has a tobacco monoply,
but it is a scheme to levy revenue from her own
subjects, and not from those of foreign powers.
The project, in its practical working, would
bo swamped in the sea of corruption it would
set on foot, and finally the private injury it
would inflict, (leaving cotton producers out of
account,) npon the immense circle of business
men, who derive their wealth from the transfer
of the annual cotton crop, will alone bring a
controlling “ring” of ontside influences to bear
against the bill, sufficient to insure its defeat!
We omit any consideration of the injustice to
the cotton producers, and the utter illegality of
such a levy, because we believe these consider
ations would bo practically without weight in
determining the result
To conclude, Senator Rice's proposition has
not enongh of life in it to warrant so much of
space as we have devoted to the matter, except in
the single stand point token in the outset of this
article.
Augusta atad PortRoyal.
The Augusta papers, says the Savannah Ad
vertiser, are urging the completion of the Au
gusta and Port Royal Road, tho ultimate result
of which, the Constitutionalist says, will be the
establishment of a line of steamers from Fort
Royal to Liverpool. Tho superior advantages
of Port Royal, in its fine harbor, deep water,
•tc., are very forcibly alluded to in contrast with
Charleston and Savannah, which will only admit
the smaller class of steamers.
The Fort Royal Railroad Company was char
tered by the States of Sonth Carolina and Geor
gia, to run from Port Royal, Sonth Carolina, to
Augusta, Ga., crossing the Savannah river at or
near Sand Bar Ferry—with a draw bridge—so as
dim.
Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars have
been subscribed, paid in and expended, in sur
veying and grading the road. The stockholders
have voluntarily reduced tho stock one-half, so
there is now only one hundred and twenty-five
thonsand dollars of stock issued, although twice
Brownlour Retires.
W. G. Brownlow has at last terminated his
'“wras tho editor of the Knoxville Whig. The
lis*. number contains his valedictory. The paper
tT*!! t° *** hands of T. Haws & Co., al- • that has been paid in. The reduction was made
tikJ* , still owns the office. He has been so as to invite new subscriptions.
W* editor of it for thirtyyears, and has made! Forty-one and a half miles of the road bed
personal enemies than any man who ever i have been graded, leaving only sixty-one miles
f^' l a newspaper since the invention of print-1 to be graded. The grading done commences
-c- His career as an editoT has been one long about thirty-five miles from Augusta, and is
of personal broils. It is a pity such men j continued towards Port Royal
« have anything to do with tho public press.! Tho rigbt of hfl3 been procnrod for the
_ . * rewe ® address he says: “ In reviewing greater part of the way, mostly by free gift to
«..• eventful career as an editor, I have the company; and the balance, it is presumed,
will be acquired in like maimer, or at slight cost.
The distance from Augusta to Port Eoya
(deep water) is one hundred and ten miles. At
eighty-five and a half miles from Augusta, the
ttis to
say, that had I my life to live over I
pursue the same course I havo pursued;
c %more so.” Vindictive to the last.
Oomonm-T. print to- eaghty-five and a haff miles from Augusta, the
^ He first letter from a special and accom- Port Koyal Raihoad crosses and connects ^th
^Washingtoncorrespondent. Should they the Savannah and Chwleston Railroad mafang
facts and matter not anticipated by ; it only one bnndredand tinrty-six miles frorn Au-
^ sources, and therefore fresh and attrac- gnstatoeither Savannah or Chariest on by the Port
we will continue them, otherwise not _ , Royal Railroad rm the Savannah and Charles-
letters, in these days of telegrams, are a !
1 ton Railroad; thus putting deep water twenty-six
nuisance.
I'evxaVj Geobgia.
to
. miles nearer Augusta than either Charleston or
• Savannah, and giving Augusta a new railroad to
They hai^a smart contest bo th Charleston and Savannah as short and di-
jor and Alderman of Newnan on the 2d
?** at » resulting in the election of the following
avera S e °t about forty majority:
^ I° r —Hugh Browster—Aldermen—A. B.
J. C. Wooten, J. J. Pinson, E. Moneghan.
|. * from the Herald that Newnan has but
jj" of her bonded debt yet unliquidated.—
*** i* snug.
Showing.—Massachusetts, with a popu-
1)207,031, has, according to a states
j^cf the New York World, in her alms-
C0Tmt y prisons, reformatories, etc.,
\ yr ' ’ an< l more than 20,000 strolling vaga-
“• Bad for the model State.
q. .j. Oct.—Griffin had three weddings
for which finished np the business there
time. The Star says there is no more
al on hand, at present. The beauties left
number scarce twelve summers, and most
m Me already engaged.
rect as by the present rontes.
The Election in Dougherty. -Out county
election, on Wednesday, says tho Albany News,
passed off quietly, and much after the style of
the olden time. The Rads having no man in
the county who could give a bond, let the elec
tion go by default, and the following decent
gentlemen were elected without opposition:
Sheriff—J. W. Kemp; Deputy Sheriff—-J. S.
Brown; Clerk Superior Court—J. F. Cargile ;
Ordinary—B. F. Wilder : Coroner—M. Bames;
County Surveyor—B. F. Robert.
Election nr Brooks.—The Quitman Banner
sayB Wm. Hudson was elected Cleric of the Su
perior Court, and J. H. Brown, Sheriff of Brooks
at the election on Wednesday last
Auoubza Factory stock sold on Monday, in
that city, at $1 50, after the quarterly dividend
had been paid.
A BALE of Peeler cotton, shipped from Mem
phis, was sold in Savannah at forty-five cents
per pound.
OCR BAILWAY MACHINE-SHOPS. >
An Hour Among Railroad Mechanics.
The Work They Do and the .Wages They
are Paid.
THE MAOON AND WESTERN SHOPS.
An erroneous idea prevails that the mechanics
of the South are next to nothing, aa compared
with those of the North. (We use the term me-
chanics as applied to articles of manufacture,
and not to men.) Men of intelligence really sup
pose that everything we use is made either in
Great Britain or New England: that our railroad
companies do some little “repairing,” but never
pretend to make a single thing they use, from a
doorlatch to a locomotive. It is fashionable to
believe the Sonth one hundred years to the rear
of civilization in this direction. Whilst this idea
prevails here at home, our Northern brethren
are under the solid conviction that they have to
furnish us everything, from a wooden ham up to
the New York Tribune and one of Beecher’s
“ tragic” sermons, or one of his moral essays
upon a racehorse in Bonner’s Ledger. It is true
we do not revere the manufacture of buttons and
shoepegs as among the fine arts, but we do other
kinds of manufacturing, and that npon an exten
sive scale.
And this city is generally regarded as full of
palaces, but not much business. It is looked
upon as a city of magnificent distances—a shell
without much in it But it has, for all that,
real elements of vitality, a genuine trade, and
does an enormous amount of business. It has
seven hundred and twenty-five miles of railway
already completed, and two hundred more in
process of construction. It will perhaps be in
teresting to our readeis to tell them something of
OUR RAILWAY MACHINE SHOPS.
In a walk through the southeastern division of
the city yesterday morning, we stopped at the
Macon and Western Machine Shops. The watch
man at the gate required a pass from headquar
ters, but as that Involved too much trouble, wo
sent a card to the master machinist, Mr. Wm.
McCandless, who at once came forward and ac
companied ns through his works. They are sit
uated upon a level lot of ground containing, we
suppose, fifty acres, and enclosed by a heavy
brick wall. The grounds are well and perfectly
adapted to the purposes for which they are
used.
Situated nearly opposite are the Machine
shops of the Southwestern, quite as extensive
and as complete as the ones we more minutely
inspected. The Central shops are in East Ma
con. Near the Macon and Western the Bruns
wick has bought a large lot of ground and in
a few years will be in full operation. All its
surplus capital is now being expended upon con
structing and finishing the track; depots and
shops must come after. But as the Macon and
Western shops were the only one we entered we
will speak of them more exclusively, remarking
that they are all veiy much alike.
THE DIFFEEENT DEPARTMENTS.
1. The first building we entered within the in
closure was the Passenger Car Shed. Into this
house all passenger coaches are backed npon
their arrival from Atlanta, and are thoroughly
washed, scoured and cleaned. A stream of water
from the great tank was being poured upon one,
which already looked as bright as new.
2. We next entered the Round House. Into
this department the disabled engines of the
Company are taken and repaired, and new ones
are constructed. These shops were built in 1855.
Since that time seven new engines have been
turned out from them as follows:
The Asbury Hull, August, 1858.
The Emerson Foote, June, 1859.
The Victory, July, 18C2.
The Sunshine, 18G3.
The N. C. Munroe, December, 1866. 4
The Padelford, July, 1867.
The Vulcan, July, 1867.
They were constructed from the ground up.
The Sunshine and the Victory were standing in
the Ronnd House. They are beautiful locomo
tives. We never saw finer finished work of that
class than was displayed upon them.
All these locomotives have been in tho con
stant service of the company since the days they
were respectively turned out. It now costs
about §20,000 to buy a locomotive, but they,
of course, can be constructed at borne much
cheaper, and the ones, before ns afford proof
conclusive that they can be us well built. We
also saw several old ones being overhauled and
“ reconstructed,” one of which had been bought
from the Government.
3. The Foundry came next. Here the cast
ing is done. It is by the old and familiar pro
cess of “flasks” and sand. We saw a “frog”
which Mr. McAlwee had just turned out. There
are “patterns” sent down to him from the pat
tern shop for everything ordered by the Master
Machinist. It is made the duty of the pattern
maker to furnish a model in wood of every
drawing necessary, which, upon being received
by the foundry, are cast into iron. Iron in any
and every shape can be made, if the pattern is
furnished.
4. These Machine Works are driven by an en
gine of forty horao power. Tho chimney, or
smoke stack, is one hundred feet high, and is a
beautiful piece of masonry. It towers high
above every other object in the lower portion of
the city. Near the engine room we were shown
the Tin Shop, where everything in the way of
tinware, roofing, etc., used by the Company is
made. Also the Brass Foundry, for making
the necessary articles of that description.
5. The Machine Shop. In this division the
machinery is quite extensive and complete. The
finer grades of work are executed here, as, also
mnch of the repairing of the locomotives. It
musters the best mechanics in the service, and
they must be masters of their profession in order
to retain their situations.
6. In an adjoining room we came npon the
Steam, or “Trip Hammer.” It was placed there
during the war. And in another adjoining sub
division is the Blacksmith Shop containing fire
forges kept in constant blast.
7. The Car Shop. This is under the superin
tendency of Ja»ues A. Knight, Master Carpenter.
Literally speaking, every passenger coach and
box car used npon the whole road is made in
this shop. We saw one of each under way
and about half finished. The Passenger Coaches
npon that railway are really superb. We never
traveled in more luxurious cars upon any
road in the United States. In this, as in mak
ing the Engines, the Company have brought
their work to the highest standard known. Any
one who has traveled npon the Macon and West
ern Railroad since the war will agree that this
compliment is well deserved.
In addition to these divisions, there is an Up
holstery department, an Oil and Waste House,
and several other subdivisions of these vast
works,
THE MECHANICS.
There are one hundred and forty mechanics
employed in all Their wages range from $2.00
to $4.50 per day. The engineers, blacksmiths
and boiler makers get $4.50: the finishers §4.25;
the apprentices receive from $2.00 to $4.00, ac
cording to their proficiency. They are aQ under
the supervision of Mr. McCandless, the master
machinist. Mr. Roes is the accountant and
book-keeper, and pays off all hands monthly.
Obtaining work is somewhat difficult, as far
more applications are made than can be accom
modated. The situations are desirable upon
many accounts: 1. The best of wages are paid.
2. Nearly all the great railroadmenof the oountry
commenced in these shops when they were boys.
Companies always prefer them in any capacity
to any other class of men. They make railroad
ing their study, and the right kind of a boy will
understand it in all its ramifications when he
grows to manhood. But in making selections
for apprentices the greatest care is taken to get
boys of a mechanical turn of mind. It is well
known that some people are bom without any
approach to ingenuity whatever, whilst others
can make almost anything without much school
ing. These shops always have work for thislatter
class. •. : - -
CONCLUSION.
What we have stud in regard to the Macon
and Western, may also be said of the South
western and Central They go abroad for
very little of their rolling stock, or for the ma
terial out of which it is constructed- They are
certainly institutions which, although they do say
they charge “ pretty heavy,” spend the money
made at home. Macon (and “that’s what’s
the matter with Hannah”) gets preeions little
ont of the Central, as its head and hind quar
ters are in Savannah.
Tbe Civil and Military Expedition to
• tbe Ogeecnee.
No Arrests Made Yesterday—The Authorities
in Possession of the Premises—The Houses
Found to have been Sacked—4000 Bushels of
Rice Stolen—Plantation Negroes Complain of
Outrages.
About six o’clock yesterday morning the civil
and military expedition, to the Ogeecheo coun
try, left the Atlantio and Gulf Bailroad Depot
to proceed to Station No. 1, by special train,
Tho forces composing tho expedition were
Sheriff Dooner and eight deputies, and Com
panies A and I, of the 16th United States In-
fanty, under command of CoL Sweeney. The
train soon arrived at No. 1, where tho troops
were disembarked. No negroes were seen, and
the expedition marched up the road towards the
plantation of Messrs. Middleton and Tucker.
.Col Sweeney and Maj. Middleton went in ad
vance of the party. Wildhome plantation was
fonnd to be perfectly quiet. The march was
continued to the Grove place, and here the
operations of the negroes were fully displayed,
and the sort of “prayer meeting” that they had
been bolding plainly to bo seen. Everything
moveable about the premises was gone. Tho
house had been ransacked from bottom to top,
the mantlepieces broken, and several of tho
sashes stove in. The door of the store-room had
been cut open, and its contents stolen. The
house was filled with dirt and filth, and its whole
appearance changed from a fine residence to a
ruined and desolated building. One of the
watch dogs lay dead under the steps where he
had been shot by.the lawless negroes, the putrid,
decomposing mass rendering the air very disa
greeable.
About half-past ono o’clock the two military
companies arrived atthe Groveplace, andformed
a camp. CoL Sweeney deemed it advisable not
to make any arrests until the' negroes had been
informed that any resistance to the law would be
punished by tbe United States authorities, and
messengers were sent to the different plantations
at half past two o’clock, to summon the negro
leaders. They had not returned when our in
formant left the place.
CoL Sweeney, Maj. Middleton and Capt. Tuck
er paid a visit to the Southfield plantation, and
found that place also desolated. The entire lot
of rice in their mill, amounting to some four
thousand bushels, had been stolen by the ma
rauding negroes. They also gained additional
evidence of outrages committed by tbe insur
gents from bands on the place, who had been
threatened with death, assaulted and badly treat
ed by the vagabonds in arms against tbe law.
It was expected that most of the persons
against whom warrants had been placed in the
hands of the Sheriff would be arrested to-day.
A negro who was interrogated regarding the
actions of the lawless negroes said that he did
not dare give any names or information, as he
would be punished for so doing.
Major Henry Bryan, Capt. J. F. Tucker and
Mr. Gleason came up last evening. They re
port all quiet when they left, and say it will pro
bably require two or three days to make tho ar
rests. The military have formed a camp and
will remain on the premises for some time.
The worst gang of negroes are said to be lo
cated on Haywood’s place; they work for no
body, and have been engaged in stealing all
during tbe fall and winter.
The investigations of the officers thus far
g rove the truth of the various reports which we
ave received from the Ogeecheo plantations.
The lawless blacks after driving off tbe white
planters, overseers, aijd watchmen, appear to
have overrun the plantations, and they have
stolen everything that they could lay hands on,
desolated the places, and destroyed the crops of
Messrs. Middleton and Tucker. We hope that
the Sheriff and his officers will be able to secure
the whole gang. Sherif Dooner is working en-
getically to secure that‘end, and is doing all in
his power to be successful We may be able to
S resent further developments to-morrow.—
foruing News, 0th. \
From theOgeechcc.
Sheriff Dooner, Depxty Sheriff Isaac Rnssell,
and a posse, arrived ii the city yesterday, by
the evening^ train, wife sixty-seven prisoners,
making in an eighty-three of tbe robbers of tho
Southfield plantations new in custody. They were
marched to the United States barrack for safe
keeping last night, and will be committed to the
Chatham county jail to-day by Justice P. M.
Russell, Jr. A general notice was given to the
negroes for whose anest warrants are in tho
hands of the sheriff, to come to the military head
quarters of General Sweeney, and in response
thereto the number now in custody made their
appearance at the military camp.
Sheriff Dooner repods all quiet on tho Ogee-
chee when he left. Tho military remain in
camp at the Grove plantation, and the sheriff
expects to return to-day or to-morrow for the
purpose of securing me remainder of tho rob
bers for whose arrest warrants are in liis-posses
sion. Tho impression seems to prevail that bnt
few more will come forward and surrender, and
that it will be necessary to seek for the remain
der. •
The course pursued by tho militaiy is worthy
of commendation, and has doubtless broken np
the organization of this band of marauders whose
proceedings were calculated and intended to
render planting an impossibility in that fertile
section of the State.—Savannah Republican, 7th.
Conservative Prospects-in Virginia.
TeTeoramt to the New York IForM.)
Washington, January 4.—The stand taken by
the Virginia Democrats, coupling universal am
nesty and -universal suffrage, excites the hope
here of carrying the State for the Conservatives
by 20,000 majority. Excellent feeling exists
between the Conservatives and the blacks. It
is believed that the Constitution will be defeat
ed, and one imposing no disqualifications adopt
ed at a later day.
.. . GENERAL GRANT. . V
To-night General Grant arrived from Phila
delphia. His family returned with him. Quite
a number of Congressmen who came in the same
train did not know of his presence until the capi
tal wasreoched. The General was in good health.
BUSINESS TO-MORROW. : i '
Comparatively few members arrived to-night.
At the meeting of Congress to-morrow there will
probably be a quorum in each House, but a thin
one, and other than bills and joint resolutions to
be offered in the nsnal quantity, little is expected
to be done till Wednesday.
BAILROAD MATTERS.
The President of the Pennsylvania, Pittsburg,
Fort Wayne and Chicago, Philadelphia, Wu-
mington and Baltimore, New Jersey, and Cam
den and Amboy Railroads, are ont in a circular
X install Railroads before Congress contem-
dng other routes from the capital. The cir
cular is brief, and merely calls attention to the
bills, and asks for action against them, particu
larly in the Senate. It is signed by J. Edgar
Thompson, Geo. W. Cass, T. L. Jewett Isaac
Hinckley, Ashbel Welch, A. L. Dennis and Wm.
Gatzmer, in behalf of the railroads in the or
der named. • r
Stock Sale in Columbus.—The Enquirer of
Wednesday says: . * •“ — ■
Yesterday the Messrs. Ellis sold at auction
stock of the Eagle and Phoenix Manufacturing
Company at §103; Southwestern Railroad
stock, with accruing interest, estimated at 4 per
oent., sold at $102; Muscogee stock, merged
with Southwestern, brought from 92 to 93. This
sale must be regarded as an evidence of the
soundness and prosperity of our Factory and
Railroad enterprises.
Mobs or Grant's Conversation.—The New
York Sun’s Washington correspondent says: “It
is well known by all of Gen. Grant’s friends that
he is, and has been at all times, in favor of re
moving from office every Democrat whom he
finds in place ; and in talking to his friends he
speaks freely of ‘copperheads and rebels,’ and
nsver conceals his dislike for them.”
BY TELEGRAPH.
=S£2=
From Washington.
Washington, January 8.—The Supreme Court is
hearing local appeals.
There was a full Cabinet meeting to-day.
Gen. F. P. Blair visited the President.
Gen. Rousseau’s death has caused a.general
gloom here, as he was highly respected and loved.
The ootton bill authorizes the Secretary of the
Treasury to purchase all cotton grown after the pass
age of the bill, delivered at any railroad depot or on
a steamer making direct connection with New York,
at twenty cents per pound for uplands and thirty
cents tot Sea Islands. Purchases are to be made
through revenue officers and the ootton is to be ex
empt from tax; but if sold to others than an agent
of tho United States, then it is to be taxed three
cents per pound. Cotton purchased by the Govern
ment shall be sold at a price not less than five cents
per pound on cost. A full report of all transactions
are to be presented to Congress at tho commence
ment of each regular session.
Tho Virginia Committee are all present to-day, ex
cept J. W. Bolling, Windam and Robertson. Bolling
expected, bnt Windham is absent on important busi
ness. The meeting to-night is only preliminary and
private.
Washington, January 9.—The announcement that
the Election Committee had determined to report
adversely on both Christy and Wimpley, contestants
from Georgia, was premature.
Mr. Cuthbert, Clerk of Judge Busteed’s Court, of
Alabama, testifies to the falsifications of the record.
The Virginia Committee is in secret session.
The managers of the Peat&dy Educational Fund
meet in Baltimore on Wednesday. Gen. Grant mil
be present.
Grant and Rawlings dined with E varts last night.
Customs from 21st to 31st ulL, (inclusive) were
three million ono hundred and eleven thousand dol
lars.
Tho Reconstruction Committee gave the Mississip
pi caao their attention to-day. Tho Georgia case
will be considered by the Committees of both
Houses on Monday.
Gon. Geo. Morgan, of Mississippi, is here apply
ing for a removal of his political disabilities. He
takes no part in tho contest for the immediate ad
mission of the State.. i
The Virginia Committee have had several inter
views with leading Congressmen, who manif est great
interest to hear their views. They have another
privato meeting to-night.
Creecy, a Revenuo Supervisor, says tho report that
tho tobacco and cigars recently seized in New Or
leans bad been spirited away is untrue.
Congressional.
Washington, January 8.—Senate.—Rico intro
duced a bill regulating the price, and encouraging
the production of cotton.
House.—Tho House is engaged on private bills. .
Senate—Afternoon Session.—The bill regulating
tho price, and encouraging tho production of cot
ton, was referred.
The Finance Committee, through Mr. Morrill, re
ported a bill amending the act providing for a na
tional currency, mentioning incidentally, that tho
United States loses six hundred thousand dollars
by a national bank in Boston. Passed.
The bill restricting the jurisdiction of tho Court
of Claims was referred to the Judiciary Committee.
The relief of Sue Murphy was resumed. Hen
dricks favored the bill
The Senate then passed several personal disabili
ty bills and adjourned.
House—Afternoon Session.—The Philadelphia
sugar refinery apply for a new classification of sugar
for tariff.
A number of private bills were passed.
After a long discussion on the Appropriation bill
for West Point, it passed, and the Houso then went
into Committee of the Whole and adjourned.
Foreign News.
London, January 8.—The feeling among tbe tan
an try in some parts of Ireland is very bttter against
the landholders. Many oases of agrarian violence
are reported. >
Basis, January 8. — The Conference oertainly
opens to-morrow. The Sultan telegraphed instruc
tions, including orders to withdraw his objections.
The Turkish ultimatum to Greece will be dis
cussed. ' *.* ' * ' j ' ~ ' ■ ”, " ~ •' l Tj-J
The bullion in the Bank of France has decreased
27,500,000 francs.
London. January 9.—The Sultan’s firm attitude
exciiee alarm.
Madrid dispatches reports mush agitation through
out Spain. . ,T,-r , l-lVy ;
An insurrection in Milan is reported.
London, January 9.—Advioes from Candia con
firm the complete submission of the Cretans to the
Turks. !
Thirty-nine of the missing passengers and crew
' of the steamer Hibernia are on the Ocean Spray,
bound for New York. ■
Funeral of General Rossean,
New Orleans, January 9.—Tho funeral of Gen.
RoBseau, this afternoon, was largely attended, not
withstanding tho unpleasantness of tho weather.
Tho services wore conducted in Christ's Church by
the Bishop of Louisiana. Tho pall bearcra were
Generals of tho regular army—Hatch, Mower, Beck
with, Babcock, Porter, Tompkins and McClure, and
former Generals of volunteers: Steedman, Henan,
Loo, McMillan, Bussey and Gueny, and a equal num
ber of the Masonic fraternity. The funeral escort was,
first: Infantry, Battery K, First Artillery, Company
G of tho 6th Cavalry, Masonic fraternity, city offi
cers and Council, State officers and Legislature, a
large concourse of citizens on foot and in carriages.
Resolutions of sympathy and regret were adopted
by tho Legislature and City ConnciL Messages of a
similar character were transmitted by tho Governor
and Mayor to tho Legislature and City Council. Tho
Courts adjourned, and tho pnblic offices and nearly
aU the business bouses dosed along the line of
march of tho cortege.
Death, of General Rossean.
New Orleans. January 8.—General Rossean died
very calmly last night at 11 o’dock, having taken
leave of bis friends and staff shortly before. Mani
festations of regret are frequent to-day.
It berng tho holiday of the anniversary of tho
battle of Now Orleans, all flags flying, both foreign
consular and American, a aret half mast and draped
in mourning.
v, lynched.
Augusta, January 9.—It is reported that tho mur
derers of Martin and his two sisters, who were mur
dered, robbed and burned at their home in Columbia
county, a few weeks since, were taken from the jail
at Appling and lynched. A white man named An
derson Upton, and three negroes, who composed
tho party, confessed tho murder of Martin and his
sisters, and tho stealing of six hundred dollars in
gold, and subsequently tho burning of tho house, in
order to cover their guilt.
General Hews.
Hamburg, January 9.—The passengers of tho Be-
russia, which was reported off Portland, England,
with a broken shaft, are all safely landed.
Death of John Minor Botts. : ^
Alexandria, Va., January 8.—Hon. John Minor
Botts, died at his home in Culpepper county, this
morning at ono o’clock. Tho funeral will take place
in Richmond on Sunday.
From Virginia.
Richmond, January 8.—A company of infantry
and a battery of tho Fifth Artillery were Bent to
Norfolk by rail to-day.
A meeting of citizens is called for to-morrow, to
mako preparations for the funeral of Mr. Botts.
Tho bells tolled all day. The 8tate House flags are
at half mast.
CoL Thomas N. Harwell, a Captain in the war of
1812, died hero to-day, aged 81.
General Hews.
Rochester, January 8—Eight of tho fifty wound
ed by tho falling of a school-house are doad. Tho
accident is attributed, by the Coroner’s Jury, to neg
lect in putting stone caps on tho brick peers.
New Orleans, January 8.—Gen. Rousseau will
be buried here to-morrow at 3 f. sc. Gen. Buchan
an assumed command to-day by virtue of his seni
ority. In his order assuming command, he simply
announced that fact.
Generals Babcock and Porter, of Grant’s staff,
have returned from Texas.
An order was issued yesterday, prohibiting farth
er admissions to the freedmen’s hospital in this city.
' From Cuba.
Havana, January 8—Dulce’s address says: “I
will brave every danger and accept every responsi
bility for your welfare. Revolution has swept away
the Bourbon’s rights to citizenship and their dignity.
Spaniards and Cabans are brothers from this day. The
freedom of the press, and the right to public meet-
irgi, andrepresentation in theNational Cortez are the
fundamental principles of the true liberty granted
to you. I adjure Gubans and Spaniards to forget the
past and hope for the future to establish union and
fraternity.”
From Virginia.
Richmond. January 9.—As an offset to tbe opera
tions of the Virginia Committee in Washington, the
State Grant and Colfax Association have adopted a
memorial to Congress, asking, in view of the decep
tion practised by persons whose disabilities have been
removed, that no further steps be taken in that di
rection until applicants have proved in the coming
election that they favor reconstruction by voting for
it
A committee is to be sent to Wanbington to oppose
the amnesty movement.
The remains of John M. Botts arrived this even
ing. They were laid in state in the Council Chamber.
A meeting was held at the capitol to-night, and pre
sided over by the Mayor, where reeoiationa on bis
death, offered by Judge Alex. Rives, were adopted,
with leulogies from Gov. Welles, and Hon. L. N.
Chandler. He will be buried to-monow.
Objections to Hiring Laborers on
Shares Considered.
Editors Tdegraph: I have just read an ar
ticle in yonr paper on the subject of hiring la
borers to cultivate our land, signed “Reform.”
He says, “To employ hands and pay them a
part of the crop, is ruinous in its effects to both
proprietor and laborer.” . TT?g first reason is,
“It almost totally deprives the farmer of proper
direction and control of the affairs of his farm. 0
To this intrusion (if so he considers it) I
would say, let the farmer frame his contract so
as to allow himself entire control over his farm.
In every instance where t.h<« privilege is reserv
ed by the proprietor of a farm, it works weD,
especially where the proprietor is a man of good
common sense.
His second reason is: “It generates a spirit
of unthriftiness, in both proprietor and laborer,
which soon becomes manifest in rotten fences,
gates, buildings, etc., and in filled np ditches,
.and a large and thrifty growth of pine bnshes,
briars, and broomsedge.” ’
I see not oho vestage of reason why it should
generate a spirit of^ unthrift. If the proprietor
of a farm is possessed of common sense, com
bined with a proper degree of energy, he will
hire his hands after tho crop is made, or during
the time of a wet season of weather, (when it is
ruinous to land to work it while in a wet condi
tion,) and repair his fencing, gates, build ; Lgs,
etc., and clean out ditches, etc. By this modus
operandi, the farmer and laborers are equally
benefitted. Tbe farmer’s work being done un
der bis own supervision and direction—of course
giving him satisfaction, at tho same time it puts
into the hands of his laborers, a little ready
money, by which they can procure a few press
ing comforts or luxuries of their humble life.
Now as to pine bushes, briars and broomsedge,
most any slophead farmer knows full well that
these are valuable appendages to our uncultiva
ted lands, as they not only prevent washing, but
also enrich the old fields, that are now too often
barren of vegetation.
His third reason is, “It almost precludes the
use of manures of all kinds.” This, I thinly is
is his best reason why a farmer should not hire
his laborers for “ a part of tho crop.” But even
this can be easily overcome by counting the ex
penses of the fertilizers, together with the nec
essary expenses of making the crop.
His fourth reason is: “It causes the farmer to
pawn his mules, crops, etc., and to spend half
his time with lawyers and sheriffs.” I do not ac
cuse your intelligent correspondent dishon
esty, but this is what I do know, that there is
as many law cases connected with hiring labor
ers by a given stipend, as by allowing them a
part of the crop. Tho proprietor of a farm must
gain the confidence and respect of his laborers;
he should not allow them to uospeetjaim of dis
honesty. He should, even in the smallest trans-
tions with his laborers, observe strictly tbe
‘GoldenRule,’ and in ninety-nine coses ont of an
hundred, he will not be troubled with lawyers and
sheriffs.
Yonr correspondent’s fifth ret-jon is: Because
there is not a vestige of progress or common
sense in it. 'When a hand hires himself in this
way it is with many mental resovations, and al
ways with the distinct understanding,onhis part,
that he is to do pretty mnch as he pleases, to
work when, and how he pleases, that his time is
his own, and that whatever, much or little, is
made, he will be fed and get something, he
does not know, or care mnch what, and the far
mer feels and thinks about in the same way,
never appearing to remember, that he is paying
dearly for something which he does not get,
to-wit: labor, and without which his whole
‘ fanning process must be a failure."
: This, like most of his previous (Objections, de
pends on the nature and framing of a contract
between the farmer and his laborer. The in-
( telligent fanner will not be controled by the
suggestions of his employee, unless founded on
; true philosophical principles, and it is the in
telligent fanner in whom the agricultural inter
est must depend for progress and improvement.
The proprietor of a farm should in every case
! reserve the privilege of directing the operations
bf his farm. This has been done repeatedly,
and attended with success and satisfaction to
both, farmer and laborer. The proprietor of a
farm, (as in any other branch of employment,)
must know his business, if he would be success
ful ; then, and not till then, can he succeed.
In order to secure faithful labor, the fanner
should specify in a written contract that impor
tant item, and should the laborer prove unfaith
ful or incapable of performing his part of the
contract, he can be dismissed as easily as in the
cose where laborers are employed by standing
wages, and with no more inconvenience to the
farmer. A threat has as good an effect upon
the laborer in the one case as in the other.
I think, Messrs. Editors, that your corres
pondent’s ideas on labor-hiring are incorrect, and
seem to be founded on theory alone, but as he
is an intelligent theorist, I would be glad to hear
from Mm again.
-1 agree with you, Messrs. Editors, that this is
an important matter, and deserves the attention
and discussion of our agricultural friends.
m J. C. N.
The Sale of the Columbia Canal.—The Co
lumbia Phoenix; of yesterday, says:
We learn that the Commissioners appointed
for the disposal of the Columbia Canal (some
dissatisfaction being expressed upon what was
considered their premature action,) re-opened
the bids yesterday, and upon a full considera
tion of all that were subsequently received, re
affirmed their former acceptance; and it may-
now be considered definitely determined that
the canal property will go into the hands of CoL
Pierce, who will be assisted in its developement
by Governor Sprague, the millionaire manufac
turer of Rhode Island. Hu's is one of the most
important transactions for the advancement of
the material interests of Columbia which has
ever been consummated. We may now confi
dently look for the early appearance of that
“good time coming," which has been sighed for
by so many. From all we can learn of the par
ties connected with the enterprise, we have rea
son to believe that the won; of improvement
will be rapidly pushed forward, and in a com
paratively short time, the ham of the spindle
and click of the loom will be heard along the
banks of this hitherto almost useless stream.
We are confident that the hearty sympathies
and good wishes of the entire community will
follow the efforts of the gentlemen connected
with this monster enterprise, end that the am
plest success shall be their reward.
Tbe Cotton ttapply.
From the New York Kxpreee.l
The firmness Wkh whieh ootton «gnt»MO to
beheld in Engtaryt. at a tide, too): titettthe
owp in the United States has turned out • fair
average, continues to excite surprise on the oth
er lade of tho Atlantic. Those who aosne months
since were of opinion that middling Hew Or
leans would decline to 9d. per pound, and "those
who advocated a heavy fall in prices to secure
for the manufacturers cheap and safe markets
for the future, find that they have been laboring
under a delusion as regards consumption and
production. The best authorities concur in the
opinion that, on the whole, there is nothing in
dicative of a much lower range of quotations.
On the 26th alt., the total visible supply of cot
ton was only 960,000 bales. Last year it was
1,116,000, and in 1866, 1,298,000 bales. Since
that date the quantity has declined to about 840.-
000 bales—a quantity which is wholly opposed
to tbe theory of low currencies. The compari
son of the visible supply stands thus:
1868. 1867. 1866.
American—bales. .336.000 416,000 651,000
East Indian bales.. 582,000 591,000 554,000
Sundries bales 42,000 109,000 93,000
960,000 I,UC,000 1,298,000
The effect of these supplies on prices is seen
by the following quotations from the corres
ponding periods:
1868. 1867. 1.866.
Mid. Oriease at Liverpool. 1 lid. 8id. 144d.
FairDhollera at Liverpool. 8*d. old. lOld.
Differqpce 3d. 2d. 4d.
New Orleans cotton, it will be seen, is Sd. per
pound dearer than it was in 1807. The compar
ison as regards 1866 shows a fall of 4d- per
pound. The quotations then current, however,
were far too high to tempt large buyers to enter
the market. The London Mercantile Gazette,
speculating upon the extent of the American
crops, and the future range of values, says:
"We still contend that quite 2,700,000 bales
of cotton have been grown in America this year.
If we assume that the total supply for the season
will exceed 1867 by 100,000bales, we do not see
how prices can possibly be reduced even 2d per
pound beneath their present level It is all
very well to advocate a diminished consumption
in this country; but a great trading nation like
Jhis cannot stand still. Our home demand for
goods is something enormous, and our export
trade is increasing everv year. The trade,
whatever prices may be ruling here or elsewhere,
must be met: and whilst the sales of cotton con
tinue on their present scale, we shall look in vain
for any important increase in the stocks in ware
house.”
The new crop in India is said to be turning
out well—so well indeed, that the exports fr6m
Bengal alc*u, it is believed, will reach 100,000
bales. But, as India estimates are usually
much in excess of actualities, tho effect on the
value of the American article is still to be de
termined.
Au Important Invention.
I We were shown yesterday, by Captain Blood,
the inventor, at the ticket office of tile Jackson
railroad, a number of adjustable seats, which
may bo arranged so as to answer every require
ment of a sleeping car. At first blush the seats
look like those in on ordinary passenger car;
but on examination, it is found that the back of
each seat can, with the greatest ease, be changed
into five different positions, thereby obviating
the necessity—which was, by tbe way, one of
the most objectionable features in railroad trav
eling—of keeping in a perfectly upright position.
At night, when it is desired to convert the
seats into a bed, the back of one is let down,
and fills np the space between perfectly, while
the back of the other is let down to an angle of
about forty-five degrees, making a most com
fortable pillow for the head. But it will be said
two seats can only accommodate two people ly
ing down, while four occupy them sitting. That
is true, and to obviate this very difficulty, Capt.
Blood has arranged, in a most ingenuous man
ner, a bed, wMch, when notin use. fits up to the
ceiling in so nice a manner as to look like a
portion of the car itself.
By turning two catches, this bed slides down
to a proper height, and is firmly sustained by
rods, npon which are spiral springs, wMch
makes the bed, in point of fact, a spring bed,
and, therefore, if anything, more desirable than
the lower one. In-the morning, when the pas
sengers arise and wish to resume a sitting pos
ture, the covering, etc., is laid upon the upper
bed, wMch a slight push sends to its original po
sition, the rods folding up as quietly and neatly
as possible, and the seats in an instant re-ad
justed. At night, each couple of seats is, or
may be, surrounded by curtains, just as in a
regular sleeping car. These curtains are folded
away compactly in the daytime, and resemble
the ordinary drapery of a car.
A Most Amusing Grammatical Anecdote.—A
witness in a trial in "Winchester, England, be
fore Mr. Baron Martin, persistedin telling what
other people said, and interlarded his testimony
so often with “said I” and “said he,” that the
counsel was utterly bewildered. The Court at
tempted to set the man right: ‘ ‘My good man,
tell us exactly what happened.” “Yes, my
Lord, certainly. I said I should not have the
pig.” “Well* what was his answer?” “He
said that he had been keeping the pig for me,
and that he—” “No, no, he did not say that;
he could not havo said it. He spoke in the first
person.” “I was the first person that spoke,
my Lord.” “I mean this: don’t, bring in the
thud person; repeat his exactwords.” “There
was no third person, my Lord; only him and
me.” “Lookhere, my good fellow, he did not
say he had been keeping the pig; he said, ‘I
nave been keeping it. - ' "I assure you, my
Lord, there was no mention of your Lordship,
at all. We are on two different stories, my
Lord. There was no third person; and if any
thing had been said about your Lordship, I
must have heard it.”
—
A Revolution in Heating Apartments.—The
World has a flaming notice of a recent inven
tion by Professor John Johnson, of Saco, of a
steam aparatus for heating rooms by a lamp or
two, which he says will dispense with grates,
stoves, wood and coal. The World says:
Mr. Johnson’s heater consists of an air-tight
sheet-iron cylindor with a cluster of tnlies run
ning through it from top to bottom, and which
are open at both ends. The . bottom, of this
heater is in the centre, cup-shaped and holds a
little water, and jn3t below it is a gas burner or
lamp. This constitutes a full description of the
invention.
Anything simpler in construction it would be
difficult to find in all the designs of the last half
century. The water put into the cup at the bot
tom is just sufficient to fill the inner space of the
cylinder with steam at ordinary atmosphere
pressure; in the smallest size of heater this
quantity amounts to little more than a table
spoonful—it being an accepted axiom that a cu
bic inch of water will make a cubic foot of steam
(saturated) at barometric pressure. The water
is sealed up hermetrically when the cylinder is
made, and nothing remains for the owner but
to light the gas jet under it. Immediately
the steam rises into the cylinder, heat
ing all the radiating surface,' and the ex
cess passing into the little condenser at
the top is reconverted into water, and runs
back into the oup. Thus goes on, self-regulat
ing, a process as simple as the operation of solar
heat. If the hand is placed over the apertures
at the top, distinct currents of warm air will be
felt issuing from the tubes, caused by the heat
of the surrounding vapor. This is diffusion.
If the hand be held at the distance of a foot
from the exterior jacket, a pleasant radiant heat
will be felt. This, then, is radiation, and the
two agencies are co-operating in the work of
changing the atmosphere of the apartment, and
will so continue ml infinitum, so long as the
flame or other source of heat is supplied^
The Trial or the Ookechee Prisoners.—The
Ogeecheo prisoners now in the county jail
number eighty-five, with a strong probability
that it will be increased to one hundred and fifty-
in a few days. The prison will be crowded al
most to suffocation, and the expense to the
county will be fearful. Justice to the prisoners
and justice to the tax payers of the dSonty re
quire that they should be tried at the earliest -
possible moment. The January session of the
Superior Court will open on Monday next, and
we hope Jndge Schley will deem it to be fata
duty, If practicable, to give tbe trial of these
cases precedence of over all other business, to
that the cases may be disposed of and the coun
ty relieved from the expense of aobsiatingthein,
at the earliest day possible. It has been sug
gested that there is a doubt about the existsaoe
of any law to authorise the drawing and sum
moning grand and petit juries for the trial of
causes in the Superior Court, and if legislative
enactment is neoessaxy to enable the Court to
empannel juries, every poSBihia effort ahoeU b«
made to induoe tha Legislature, which ire be
lieve meets on the 18th inst,, to act upon dm
question forthwith.—SaW+nah Republican 9th.
Tern Tarkiah AdmtaJttt fitturafinil
render of the Greek rtimir book, and
wm ooostdered iMffitabla aldSlMM.
•V • . . • ' ", ot . <- •.V.': sv.
Hvannimi