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cU SBY & REID, Proprietors. The Family Journal.—News—Politics-Literature—Agriculture—Domestic Affairs. GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING ESTABLISHED 1826.1 MACON, FRIDAY, APRIL 9, 1869. VOL. XLIII.--N0. 21 He Voor Before Yon arc Rich, rjpfcin to me, If yon can, Mr. Bonner, why it is that so many young people are ashamed to L w it thought that they have no money, or lji V it i* that they are ashamed of economy in Uj/msiugement of slender means, and of fra gility in living ? e There is no disgrace in being an acorn before King »n oak. Young people frequently wish lfc*t they were grown men, but they are not uhtmed of being yonng. No ono is ashamed jo hare it discovered that his strength, knowl- ^ and skill are proportioned to his years, jjni these same persons will blush, and suffer ^nne. at being supposed not tohavo any money, giitr circumstances in which all the sensible yoiU know that they ought to have none! A yonng fellow has been pnt to school by the .jgproas economy of his father and mother. /v]yby the very’hardest industry and closest jfloomy can they sustain him in college. Every ' shilling is important, and like shingles joof, the absence of one makes tho whole ivase inconvonient And yet this lad shall bo Shamed not to bear his part in social expenses. Up is utterly unable to say, “I cannot afford ]t js the harder to say it, I must confess. ht'eanse, in a community of several hundred tonng men, two-thirds of whom are poor and J^e children of poor men, there is a lurking jhame of poverty, which radiates into public sentiment and reflects a kind of disrepnto npon (iose who boldly say, “I must deny myself, he ron! the barest necessities of life, of whatever costs money.” Poverty has enongh trouble githont the addition of foolish and dishonorable sentiments. Who expects young men to have money to spare? Does not the whole world know that thev are bnt just starting life—that as yet they lave earned nothing, and that they inherit no j jrtnne _that they receive but a small stipend— A Pica for Getting Up. The London Daily News discusses the change that has token place in modem habits in regard to early rising. Swift declared that he never knew any man arrived at greatness who was not an early riser. Frederick the Great got up every morning at 4 o'clock, and so we believe did John Wesley, who, by the way, made early ris ing a religion, and preached against lying in bed as a sin, Peter the Great always rose before daylight, and Dr. Doddridge claimed to have added ten years to his life by cutting off two hours of morning sleep for forty years. As to our ancestors in the heroic times, they would would be ashamed, indeed, even of the early risers among their degenerate children. Bluff Harry and his wives and courtiers had their breakfast at the hour of seven, and had their dinner well over before noon. Queen Bess, and the scholars and great generals and statesmen who surrounded her, dinod between eleven and twelve, and took their supper between five and six in the afternoon. Eariy to bed and early to rise has mado England what she is, and would make all who adopted the principle first and foremost among their follows. The fact is that as life becomes more con centrated, and its pursuits more eager, short sleep and early rising become impossible. We take more sleep because we want more. Six hours' sleep may do very well for a ploughman or a bricklayer, or any man who has no other exhaustion than that produced by manual labor, and the sooner he takes it after his labor is over the better ; but for a man whose labor is men tal, the stress of whose work lies on his brain and nervous system, and who is tired in the evening with a day of mental application, nei ther early to bed nor early to rise is wholesome. He needs letting down to the level of repose. The longer the interval between the active use of his brain and his retirement to bed, the bet as! that, if they would be honest, they must i ter his chance of sleep and recruitment. To practice a rigorous economy! Why, then, do j him an hour after midnight is probably as good roBBg men engage in pleasnre boats which ! as two honrs before it, and even then his sleep jrain their pockets dry, and lay them under j will not so completely restore him as it will his jenptfttious to dishonesty for fear people will 1 neighbor, who is only physically tired. He tiink that they have no money? j must not only go to bed later, bnt lie longer. Of coarse, folks will think so! And just as * His best sleep is probably in the early morning ranch if yon are inveighed into unwise giving, I hours, when all the nervous excitement has •a if von refused! A poor young man ought to passed away, and he is in absolute rest, k poor until ho has broken the spell of poverty j There is, therefore, a good deal to be said in be industrious enterprise; and he should rather | favor of the late habits of modern life. It was cioiY in it than be ashamed of it. ! all very well for Englishmen to go to bed early * it'js necessary that you shonld be frugal; it ' and get up early at the time of the Tudors, jsnot necessary that you shonld spend five dol- Plantagenets and Stnarts. Their lights were las in taking a young lady to the opera. It is bad, and it was expensive work to make a room recessaiy that you shonld be honest; it is not light enongh to be pleasant. They did not turn trfessarjr to attempt to walk in circles of society night into day as we do; but it was probably tint will" swallow up the pitifnl pennies of pov- because they did not know how to do it as we do «ty like a quicksand, and leave only irresistible know. Gas is responsiblefor a good deal of our temptations to dishonesty. It is a good reason love of the long evening hours. A London for not joining a club, and excursion, a riding house at this time of the year is never so bright niitv, and still more an extravagant ball, that as it is after dark. When the blinds are down ■You cannot honestly raise the money. Who and the shatters are closed, and the snug cur- ought to hold up his head the highest, the young tains are draw, and the room is flooded with man who quietly says, “I cannot yet indulge in brilliant gaslight, and the bright fire is stirred sach expense,” or the fellowjwho not Is ashamed up in the shining grate, nobody regrets the sick- to-teal the money on which he makes a false ap- ; ly daylight which all daylong had been feebly ptarance ? * struggling through the fog and smoke. Why I hear a good deal of Yankee meanness—of shonld a man wish to shorten the brightest the spirit of trade and dicker—of the stinginess hours of the twenty-four for the sake of an ex am! parsimony of Northern men. But, while tra hour or two of foggy, ineffectual morning ? the manner of showing economy may be unfor- It is not mere retaliation on our ancestors; it is lunate, the essential spirit of thrift and economy simply the adaptation of their maxims to onr is a thousand times nobler than the free-handed modem needs to say that, for many of us, one squandering of money which gives a spurious waken honr after ten at night is worth two hours reputation for generosity, to people who are on before nine in the morning, the road to bankruptcy, who bnv© long spent ■ We live double at that social evening time, money not their own with a special graceful- and to waste such hours in sleep when there is ness '.—Hairy Ward Beecher. I a spare hour in the morning which may just as . I well be spent in bed is an nnwise substitution Hr. Roebuck ois American Affairs, I of old maxims for new experience. No doubt Mr. Roebuck, in a recent speech at Leeds, j tho old ms-rims were wise, and would still be tllndea to international affairs in ttic following wise if our conditions wore of our great grand- !o ™* • . . fathers. But while the maxims stand, the times nun as we find in the Ministry an inclination to Rave changed, and we have changed with them, tackle down and prostrate themselves before , must have society, and we can only have it the Pope in national matters, so we find that in at night; we must take ample rest, and we can international relations they are inclined to bow on i y take j t in the morning. The stress of life dona and prostrate themselves before the power with us is on the brain and nerves, and they can of America. We are delighted to see that great only bear the pressure by being allowed to sleep people, but we don’t delight to see their feet their sleep out. For a man whose work is intel- npon our necks. Depend npon it that whatever ■ lectnal to have to sleep violently cat short every incy do, whatever they say to conciliate the • morning would be tnlf equivalent to suicide, people of America, they are determined not to , True wisdom teaches us to adapt ourselves to be conciliated, and i_-o prostration on our part | our circumstances. Nature does not change, !™ satisfy them. They are determined to be j and what was good for our fathers is doubtless oimmant on the earth, and, if they can, they ; good for us, provided the conditions are the su lie. The only chance of onr opposing the j same. But when this is not the case we must Americans is to oppose them now. The time ; not allow their example to become a tyranny, -is gone past^when we conld have opposed them Modem habits are not more really indulgent than the habits of our earlier times, and they aore easily—I mean the time when I proposed it to Lord Palmerston. Depend npon it, if you don’t Uko the present opportunity, the time is sot far distant when they will prepare to place their foet on onr necks, and when wo must fol low in the train of the United States. best suit modem needs.—Exchange. Tlie Influence of I»rctty Women in Washington. Tho Washington correspondent of the Chi- W JU liiti Lr Alii 1)1 ffltl UiiibCU OlUbCri# n , ,• a. " . v___ T : cago Republican writes as follows: then I asked l£rdPalmers?on-n?t inthtahall, “ !° Dg “ f w .? meu \ re 7* and me . n Int in tho old room of tho Cutler’s Companv- are ’ B .?“ 6 of ‘ke evils of the depart- *> acknowledge the Southern States of America; ^nts never wUl be remedied. It is so much at what has occurred only very recently in J?oro comfortable to a jaded man, worn out in Congress ? You know that Cuba is just now in f e f duons d ’*tiesnshead of a bureau, to see a rebellion against Spain, and at tho present mo- fresh : - v ? nn g’ Pretty-faced woman at an adjoin ing desk, rather than one with all the sweet juices of lifo squeezed out of her, whether by age or misfortune, it matters not which. The first one is the oil of the machinery of every day life; the latter is the adhesive gum which sent there is a motion in the Congress of the United States referred to a committee, and pro posing to acknowledge the Island of Cuba as a free State. Surely what js sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. If it would have been -. , . , TT *rong for us to acknowledge the Southern ! needs cleansing away Women who look with Sstes under tho peculiar circumstances in Wing eyes to an active l.fe in the departments peculiar circumstances in thick they were placed, how can it be right for America to acknowledge the Cuban people, who not at all equal in social status to the South- on States ? But we all know tho difference at Washington, had better consult their mirrors first, unless Secretary Boutwell makes new laws to meet individual* cases. It is true, a few “crones” may be found in the basement of the Utween whatfa^perakred^ra^e^gemtal^}^;/”* aa n J° u ascend ? nto th - e - u ^ er is permitted to a Small gentle- j ™ h I Bin and what i new visions of beauty ’«y>n the flea £ rnttSoal t stimony, then, ^ ah .? gton f ^“ he8 ', ^y-kave good houses, 1 ‘Bullthrmi ruiini. la* fL. i ■ ’ | With the comforts of life, without paving for onSln?a^TewJe of£™d ] ‘ he “’ J his 6 P end I AmonVn rpk Aca n .■l- * -f -j j in ttic adornment of tbeir persons. These ore fetaro 880 111106 ,ndnde the girls whose lives Mrs. S&sshelm so bitterly I, i £.n 0 inntL [deplored. These aro the women who practice tititnjperanre in Sating and Drink- ; the Grecian Bend, and who dot our avenues of ing. .abrilliantaftemoonasthobntterfliesdotheclo- . ( -nlie statistics of gluttony had been as care-’ ver heath. Petted darlings at'home, petted looked up as tho statistics of drunkenness j darlings at the Treasury, rlo wonder they are j •?* b**n, there would, no donbt, be a fearful j spared their duties if they have the headache, on flint Kirin Thrt nvila of ATrailoivn 1 n. n /1to roal-n Vn coMinr’i HISTORY OF HAYTI. Curious Experience of a German Sa vant—Snake Worship and Savagery —The Negro not fit for Self-Govern ment. -iiminj ana unregmaieu anmang, mongu in different form, they make less iin- J ;7 :on °n society. An enormous burden of pressing npon onr people, relief from ;Jr *°®ld give an impulse to every working • :• i ••wry industrial interest: and a sum j, ° n *y eqnal to three-fifths of the whole of it, I tiipri ^ 8 I>ent by the people in a way that those facilities, diminishes the working j,' r ® the community, and aggravates every and ‘disabling influence. In the tits Cture tbe stimulants thus consumed, drimf d - ^” *' 0 ’00°’ 000 worth of grains, all fwhi - (bv * n ® benignity, rich with material ^ ppmess, teeming with future comfort, in- xjtioo' r Dd nob jkty, Dig with tho coming civili- of mankind. So much noprshing force I it. t* 0 ® made a cause of oorruption in the I ' * “ wmne wi uvuupuuu ui wio I rjn. _ not ibat drinking damnation? To I *• withj tbe ^ 00< d products add the labor that till, ^ rom useful channels, and practi- I irir.’ in the lufinufaehire of this ffosnlnt. I ^do m manufacture of this desolat- have 4-2.250, per year, Pirtii.a of b ^P. a >’ dke whole interest bearing . AFj ° blic debt. SBffi , n ® xue Realms op Guano.—We Bee - Uow >ng from tho News that the Savan- from ike News that the S 1 m ' nd ike scent of Gnano: was spent yesterday after- ^•Bt • °* i^ e skip Eldorado, at an enter- Wlipj- P^ en Oapt. Woodsides, a number I and era . HHi j.from Cali- -. , -w l’ort, is of 1,113 tons burthen, and We eks ago with 1,587 tons of notone pound of which 1 . f. 8 was placed in the hands of o, Jpi . r discharging,.and he aocom- ..^divs skort period of thirty- -rsett ' lhe sh, P 18 now ballasted and ready ^w in Tuckennan's | ' fleep. ' Vlute Mountains, is at least J,000 there! thing of iieanty is joy forever.” Gen. Schenck says he has tried in vain to get a place for a yonng girl who had two brothers lulled in the army, and who lost her father also in the army. There are other beautiful women there, the mention of whose names is enongh to bring the blush to every honest woman’s cheek, some public man's public plaything; and yet for such as those the widows and daughters of our noble soldiers must stand aside and sing the “song of tho shirt,” or another quite as sad. Has the sun of another day arisen ? With trembling form and bowed head, we shall wait and see. Remaekable Mountain op Salt.—In the Pah- ranngat District, in the Southeastern part of the State* of Nevada—distant from Austin, estima ted at 180 miles—is a remarkable mountain of salt, about 70 miles south of the mines. It is re ported to be about five miles in length and COO feet in height The body of the salt is of un known depth. It is chemically pure and cluys- talline, and does not deliquesce on exposure to atmosphere. Like rock, it requires blasting from the mine, whence it is taken in large blocks, and is transparent as glass. This would afford an abundent supply to the world could it be cheaply mined and' transported; but it now stands.in the’ wilderness, an object for the admi ration of the curious and the inspection of the scientific. It is believed that there is but one other place on the globe where it exists in such a state of purity in workable quantities, and that is at Cracow. Poland. This is bnt another evidence of the state of purity in which the force of nature has left her deposits in this in teresting portion of the oontment.—California, paper. ■ ■ '* ‘ ‘ ;f - v Young Men. Bewlbe.—Van Wyck, the fa mous New York surgeon, warns the pubhc against the use of the velocipede. He says the severe jar of the small hard seat produces dis ease of the prostrate gland, and if young men wish to preserve their manhood they should cease the use of the velocipede. From the York World. We have lately come into possession of a re markable manuscript on this subject by a man of large experience, finished education, and re publican principles of the most rabid Germantic type, who personally witnessed and aided the efforts of President Boyer—the wisest and most disinterested of the - Haytien leaders—to civil ize that people, and who" speaks from practical knowledge of a subject with which there are not two other educated men now alive as inti mately acquainted. He saw Hayti under its most favorable aspects, its greatest agricultural and commercial prosperity since the emancipa tion of its slaves, and its strongest and most liberal president, and his memoir may bo read with interest and profit by all classes at this time. We present only those portions which apply to the industrial state and legislation of Hayti os analogous to our own, not strictly following the text of the memoir, since much of it is personal and foreign to our subject. The author is Prof. B. Jaeger, for ten years Professor of Zoology and Botany in the College of New Jersey, author of a text-book on Zoology, a volume of Natural History on North American Insects, published by Harper & Bros, of this city, and of “Versuch eincr Darstellung des Naturlicher Eeichthelms der Russich Trans- Caucasichen Lander,” “Lectures Sur 1’ Histoire Naturelle de Haiti,” and other works published in Europe, and member of several learned societies in Europe and America. Previous to his life in Hayti he was in the service of the Emperor Alexander of Russia, and on the death of that monarch, in 1825, and the accession of Nicholas, he fell under suspicion as being con cerned in the conspiracy and insurrection led by Prince Trubetzkoi to prevent that usurpation. Finding himself under continual surveillance, he asked an interview of tho Emperor, and ob tained permission to visit tho Antilles. Nicho las gave his consent, glad to get rid of a German republican by such an exile, and authorized him to make a botanical collection of the flora of the Antilles for the imperial gardens of St. Peters burg. Under these circumstances Professor Jaeger left Russia, and November, 1827, landed in Hayti, “impatient,” as he says, “to study the ‘heroic black nation" and to inhale the fragrance of Flora's tropical riches, to eat the delicious fruits of the country, and to walk in the shade of the gigantic palm-trees.” In Ms memoir of Hayti, Professor Jaeger gives a brief history of the republic previous to Ms arrival, wMch we give as applicable to our subject, and particularly significant to our Cu ban friends and our own paper who urge Spain to emancipate the Cuban slaves by a word. The Qaytiens won tho name of the “heroic black na tion” at tho period when the French Red Re publicans were committing so many crimes in the name of liberty. Not the least mistakes of that party was the sudden emancipation, in a moment of enthusiastic fervor about universal liberty of slaves in French colonies. This was done by order of the French National Conven tion in 1791. As soon as the decree was made known, the Haytien slaves fell on their masters; black nurses blew out the brains of innocent babes, stabbed them to death, or threw them into the rivers. Other negroes tortured and murdered in the most barbarous manner, men, women and cMldren; they shut up whole fami lies, with their male and female relations, in bams, set them on fire, and rejoiced when they heard the pitiful, heart-rending crys of their masters, mistresses, and cMldren; they robbed and pillaged tho houses, carried away gold and silver money, jewelry and precious articles, and lastly, wantonly reduced to ashes the most splen did dwellings and valuable plantations. The population of the colony at this time consisted of 30,000 whites, 24,000 free mulattoes, and 480,- 000 negro slaves. Of the wMtes, very few es caped death before the rebellion was ended; those chiefly owed their safety to Toussaint L’ Ouverture, a negro who had made himself prominent in the negro army and who in the end obtainedcontrol, and was appointed by the French government Governor of the island and Gen’l-in- CMef of all the French and negro military forces. When the Jacobins in Paris saw tho mistake they had made with their premature emancipa tion proclamation, they revoked it and declared the negroes all slaves again. It was too late. Toussaint L'Ouvertnre, placing himself at the head of the negroes and mulattoes, declared the independence of Hayti. The effect of the pro clamation had been to rob many of the colonists of their lives as well as their slaves; its re vocation cost the French Government its colony, and a second massacre pnt an end to the whites who had not fled to inaccessible mountains. Bonaparte, in 1802, sentbis brother-in-law, Gen- oral Le Clerc, with an army of'23,000 men to pnt down the insurrection, and after a time Toussaint was captured and sent to France, and England became involved in tho war as the al lies of tho negroes. General Le Clerc and part of Ms army died of yellow' fever, others per ished of starvation, and the remainder, some 0,000 men, under General Rocbambean, sur rendered to tho British Admiral Duckworth. Thus was the French army defeated, not by the emancipated slaves, but by the climate and the English naval forces. The defeat of tho French and the retirement of the English left the island in a state of anarchy. The negro army was di vided into factious in the interest of numerous self-made generals, and at once began quarrel ing and fighting with each other, until the black General Dessalines, in 1804, declared Mmself Emperor of South Hayti under the name ef James I. ■ Dessalines was a native of Congo in Africa, imported as a slave when very young, and after wards employed in a pottery. At the beginning of the insurrection against France Ms comrades made Mm a general, in which position ho fought under Toussiant, whom ho • betrayed to the French, After his assumption of the title of Emperor ho invited all the white inhabitants who remained concealed in the mountains to Tetum to their homes, promising to protect them. When, however, the unfortunate people, trusting to Ms word, again took possession of their homes, Dessalines marched his soldiers at midnight to the houses of the wMtes, entered them by force, and put the whole wMte popula tion to the sword. With the whites exterminated and the blacks having nothing else to do^-for it must be remembered that during this time all trade and indastry had been at a stand-still—the negroes and mulattos came to blows, and under Dessalines’ reign executions of the latter race were of daily occurrence. The outrageous con duct of the blood-thirsty tyrant at length became no longer bearable, and a mulatto General named Pethton conspired to have him shot. The Emperor marched in 180C against Genernl Christoph, a negro, who had revolted in the north, and when leaving Port-au-Prince a dis charge of musketry from bis own soldiers stretched Mm dead in the road, on the Point Bongo, two miles from Port-au-Prince. No in-. quiry was ever made for the perpetrators; no one cared to know; the corpse was insnlted and mutilated, and then carried to his town dwelling, which was pillaged by the soldiers, and his wife, the unfortunate bnt innocent Empress, was left a beggar. This ex-Empress, once considered the most beautiful of negro girls, and generally known as’ “La Belle de3 Antilles,” was a very worthy, kind-hearted, benevolent, and intelli gent woman. She saved. the lives of many hun dreds of both; wMte and colored persons whom her husband bad ordered 4o be executed, giving them secret notice or assisting them with money to escape. Professor Jaegar visited her in 1827 in company with the French Consul-General, M. Malere. She was occupied at the time in making soldiers’ shirts for a living. She related to Mm several anecdotes of her deceased hus band, the most interesting of wMch was in regard to the method wMch he employed of rid ding himself of the numerous office-seekers who troubled him day and night. The bare-footed, half-naked sans culottes, Ms former comrades, addressed, themselves to him after a manner even more familiar than the American saying : ' “Mister Emperor, I have come to ask yon for an office.” '“Well, my friend.” bis woolly-headed majesty was accustomed to reply, “I will give you one | with great pleasure if you are acquainted with i the Latin language as required by the law of I the government.” The result can be imagined j by the general public or fully tested by General j Grant, if disposed. After the death Of Dessa lines, General Petition established a republio of which he became the first President, being elect ed by a plurality of negro votes. "When he com menced his administration, the government civ il and military functionaries, composed of mu lattoes and negroes, formed two antajgonistic parties, each endeavoring to control t)ie poor, weak-minded President. The negro party being the stronger, Pathion generally favorid it, but at the same time, became a perfect tjol in its interest Arbitrary arrests and pe»ecutions followed, and every one not a full-bljoded ne- | gro soon came to be considered a traitir. There j was no such thing as personal secuity under such a miserable government; thefts|robberies and assassinations were commited day and night. The President himself on rising on« morning found he had been robbed of Ms mojey, all Ms clothing, boots, linen, sword, and lat; ihe black officers of his body-guard were known to be the tMeves, yet Pethion had neither the courage to accuse them nor to claim Ms own again; he merely remarked, good humoredly, “Cenainly the poor fellows were in need of tho articles.” Failing to command respect or obedience, poor PetMon eventually died, 1818, of sheer chagrin as was supposed, though Madame Dessalines as sured Professor Jeager that he voluntarily kiled himself by starvation. On the death of Pethion the intelligence, mil itary valor and honesty of Jcnn Fierre BoyTr secured Ms election as President of Hayti fqr life, with an annual salary of §40,00; this ra- numeration, however, he generously declined; being, on account of Ms wealth, in no need of i(y Boyer was a student in Paris when the emanei-’i pation of the slaves was announced, and hasten ed home to save what he could of Ms father’s property. His father was a French planter and Ms mother an African. He joined the army of Toussaint and fought through the several revo lutions until his elewation at the age of forty- fivo to the Presidency. His firm and decided character changed everything. His first act was to re-establish the ancient boundaries of Hayti. For tMs purpose he marched a small well disci- pliend army into the Spanish part of the Island known as St. Domingo, and annexed it without shedding a drop of blood. He turned his atten tion tp the north. During PetMon’s Presiden cy a negro General named Christoph, formerly a waiter in a hotel, had made himself master of the northern district of Hayti. He proclaimed himself King of Hayti under the title of Henry I. in 1811, and on assuming power, in order to make his Court as brilliant as possible, he ap pointed no less than seven general field mar shals, nine lieutenant generals, thirteen major generals, three princes, five dukes, nineteen counts, thirty-four barons, innumerable knights and countless other officers. His army consist ed of tMrty regiments of infantry and two of cavalry. As soon as Boyer had conquered the Spanish part of the Island, Christoph fearing for Ms safety marched against Mm, but Boyer gained a knowledge of Ms purpose and met Ms army i near Cape Haytien, the residence of Christoph, j and took ap a position on the heights above the j city. As soon as Christoph’s troops saw those : of President Boyer, they joined them with loud ! hurrahs. TMs was a deadly blow to Christoph, but he was not disheartened; he assembled his body guard and prepared to attack the enemy at all hazards; but these troops deserted Mm, and left their king in despair. Abandoned by his defenders he returned to his palace, entered his bed-room, and blew Ms brains out. The queen secured her valuables and escaped to Europe in in English vessel, and the princes, dukes, counts, and barons were to be seen next oay of fering regimes of bananas for sale to Boyer’s soldiers, while the duchesses and dames du Palais returned to their washtubs. Thns was tMs part of the Island conquered by Boyer without a battle, and the whole of the rich Island, with a population of one and a half millions of people, who under the old slave sys tem had thoroughly cultivated it (to such an extent, indeed, that the exports of the French part, one-third) had amounted, as was known, to §34,000,000, and the whole island, as was believed, to §100,000,000,) was united in a Republic under the old Indian name of Hayti. President Boyer was a very remarkable man, probably the superior in every respect of the Haytien idol, Toussant L’Ouvretnre. When he was at the climax of Ms glory, the well-known Prince Paul, of Wurtemburg (who had just been defeated as a royal candidate for the throne of Greece by Ms cousin, the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, apd Ms other relative, the Emperor Francis of Austria, because they considered Mm too liberal, and an enemy to absolutism,) arrived at Port-au-Prince, and after several days’ acquaintance with President Boyer, be came such an enthusiastic admirer of him that he said to Professor Jaeger: “ This President would do honor to any European throne, and would secure the happiness of any intelligent nation that might be under his dominion.” Professor Jaeger records, in his memoir, an equally favorable opinion of him. His admin istrative talents were early displayed. He es tablished discipline in the army, formed a regular corps of police, created a Senate and Chamber of Deputies, sent to France for primary teach ers, established a high school with a director and six assistant teachers, and to encourage agriculture he appointed in each rural district an officer whose bnsiness it was to see that no landholder neglected the cultivation of his soil. Ho also entered into diplomatic and commercial relations with France, England, Prussia, the United States.’and the Hanseatic towns in Ger many, and Freneh-English, North American, and German mercantile bouses began to flourish. Our consul and commercial agent at the time was Mr. Dimon, subsequently Governor of Rhodo Island. But in spite of tho ability of President Boyer and the earnestness and wisdom of his adminis trative acts, tho negro population did not ad vance in intelligence or increase in wealth as a consequence of industrious habits. The cancer continually gnawing at Boyer’s heart was the neglect of agriculture, which he recognized as . the true wealth of the people and country, and ! wMcb neglect be believed to be consequent on the emancipation of the slaves. On the occasion of his presentation to Boyer, Professor Jaeger relates that ha asked the President if he did not intend soon to send consuls or diplomatic agents to the various seaports and governments of Europe ? He answered that he would do so as soon as his countrymen were able to read and write. “I must confess to you,” he said, seeing the Professor’s astonished look, “that had not the foolish, fanatical National Convention of Paris, in 1791, proclaimed the emancipation of our slaves, all the people here would haye been a thousand times happier than they now are.” “If this had been the case,” replied the Pro fessor, “your Excellency would not how have been President of Hayti." “■Wen," ho rejoined, “I would have been a happier and more contentedfarmeT on the sugar plantation inherited from my father, and could exclaimed with Horace, “Beatus ille. qni procnl negotiis Patcnsa. rura bobue exeeert suia." and women cover their heads. To be in posses sion of a great many such indispensable articles is considered the ne pirn ultra of human felici ty. “I have met,” says our author, “many women who boasted of possessing several dozen madras for their heads. ’ These are the neces saries of life, to a Hatien, and in order to obtain them he goes with great reluctance to the woods, collects a sack of coffee beans wMch grow wild everywhere, and carries it to the nearest town where he sells it to a foreign merchant. President Boyer, knowing that the welfare of a nation depended on the condition of its agri culture and commerce, endeavored in every possible way to encourage and enforce these useful arts, but Ms measures entirely failed. He had early appointed in each district rural officers, whoso business it was to enforce the cultivation of the soil, but these officers receiv ing good salaries, wMch enabled them to live more luxuriously than before, adding such deli cacies as codfish and mackerel to their usual food of bananas and batatas, and indulging in “taffla” (bad rum), neglected their own land, and cared not for whether or no their subordi nate countrymen tilled theirs. Consequently, they made neither verbal nor written reports in regard to rural affairs. Thus tho anxious de sires of Boyer to improve the condition of the people, by increasing, through means of a gen ernl cultivation of the soil, the products nml exportations, resulted in a failure—Boyer’s first. The President also thought to improve agri culture by exciting the ambition of tho negro. For this purpose he established an annual rural festival in the month of May at Port-au-Prince, where all those cultivators who had been known in their district as themost irdustrious planters, and had produced the greatest quantity of coffee, ,tobaeco, cotton, or other article of commerce, wore assembled. On the day of the festival the President, standing upon a platform in the square before the government place, surrounded by the high civil and military functionaries of ihe republic, addressed the people on the great Advantages of agricultural improvements, men tioning the different articles wMch were at the true most neglected and those who were in most dimand. He praised publicly the cultivators w)o distinguished themselves by the improve ment of their plantations, called one after an other on the platform, and crowned them with a wapath of flowers. After they had each re- ceivtd a civic crown they marched, to the sound of music and amid the hurrahs of the people, followed by the President and suite, to the gov ernment palace, where they dined with the Pres ident and other high officials. This rural festival was celebrated but three times, for the ceremony of the civic crowns was made ridiculous by the negroes, -who snatched the wreaths from the heads of the possessors, throwing them into the air from one to another. Thus Boyer found that he could not arouse the ambition of the negroes any more than he could awaken them to their interests. He next tried to inculcate industrious habits by furnishing them an example of the prosperity and sncccess of industrious persons of their own He had great confidence in the industry (Happy the man, who,'far from public business, cultivates bis inherited estate with his own team.” The negroes of Hayti had not improved from the day of their emancipation. On finding them selves free and independent they had concluded, sometMng after the manner of our freedmen, that liberty consisted in doing nothing but eat ing and'drinking. And why should the negro in this favored country labor? 'He finds every where such food as sweet batatas, bananas, and manioc in abundance, with a variety of fishes from the neighboring shores, and crabs in all the low grounds. His house, built in less than a day, is constructed of four posts driven into i the ground, covered on the top and sides with j fan-balm leaves; the clothing of a man .consists , of short breeches made of bed-ticking, and that j of a full grown women of a loose muslin gown. | No sMrts, no shoes, no stockings are used. In : a country of eternal summer they need no fuel j with which to heat their houses. The only lux- J ury of the toilet among them is the madras or colored cambric hnndkercMef with wMch men of ihe North American free negroes, and sent the director of his Mgh school, a mulatto named Granville, to New York and Pennsylvania with orders to engage Mole and female colored per- sons to emigrate to Hayti, with his (Boyer's) promise of a grant and gratutious land. Gran ville arrived in Port-au-Prince with several hundred colored people, each family was given a plantation; bat after having lived there for some months, they surpassed in laziness and li centiousness, the "indigenous negro. The tMrd essay of Boyer subsequently proved a failure. In 1828 the celebrated Fanny “Wright made her appearance in Hayti in order to repeat the last experiment of Boyer with plantation negroes from New Orleans as a substitute for the free negroes of New York. Professor jaeger de scribes her appearance on landing at Port-au- Prince as “a very tall lady who walked very fust,” and who “was elegantly dressed in Euro pean style, with a large protruding bonnet in the form of an inverted coal-scuttle, at that time fasMonable, on her head, overshadowing her whole body.” She was followed by twelve ne gro slaves whom she had bought at New Orleans and whom she set free in Hayti, purchasing for each some land on the island. Subsequently Professor Jaeger met Miss. Wright at the palace. “ I was delighted,” .he says, “ to make the ac quaintance of so distinguished a lady, who was not only handsome, but amiable and highly accom plished. Her general information threw a lus tre about her conversation wMch adorned her with new charms. But when she began to mount her bobby, explaining her too radical principles, in which she advocated the universal reform of mankind by abolishing slavery, sov ereigns, standing armies, lawyers, clergymen, marriages, and every religious creed, by estab lishing Socialism and free-love, dividing all wealth and property in equal parts—the words “si tacuisses, melius fecisses” (if you had been silent you wonld have done better) lay upon my tongue. When at dinner some one proposed a toast in honor of that enthusiastic philanthrop ist, Wilberforce, sho said: “If you were ac quainted with that illiterate, superstitious old man, so stupid that he even believes in the Bible, you would not entertain for him the slightest regard.” “Fanny Wright,” continues the narative, “in spite of her extravagant ideas, was a well- educated, talented, kind-hearted lady, of great intelligence. When sho left Hayti she did not return to England, but went to the United States and settled with her fortune in Now Har mony, • Ind. She there married a Dr. Davis* rnond, and died a few years ago, leaving, it is to be hoped, for a better land, a world wMch she dispaired of reforming^ Her freedmen de generated in the same mannor as those imported by Granville, thus fumisMng a new proof that the uneducated negro is not fit to be free;” President Boyer, as a last resort, 'endeavored to educate the negroes into a life of labor. He engaged Professor Jaeger to deliver a course of popular lectures on ngricultvire, in the hope of getting the people interested. The lectures were eight in number, and were subsequently published by order of Boyer, under the title of “Lectures sur chistoire Naturelle de Haiti ap- plicae an Veconomic rurale.” But tho audiences wMch attended were .composed exclusively of foreign consuls and merchants, and the govern ment officials;' the planters and negro laborers, for whom they were intended, remained away, although the lectures were free to alL. The consequence of neglecting tho cultivation of the soil was the small exports of produce.— The same district, which, under the old slave system of regulated labor, had produced so largely, that to the value of over §100,000,000 was exported annually; exported under the new system of free labor, only §5,000,000. TMs brought through the Cnstom-hou.se such an in significant revenue that it did not suffice to sup port the large number of civil functionaries and a standing army of 45,000 idlers. Rag money was, therefore, created, but was the ruin of tho President and Ms administration, for the miser able paper currency in a short time lost its rep utation,,and beaame from day to day more de preciated until a premium of from one hundred to four hundred per centum was paid for gold and silver. The government was' now bank rupt, and the people, ruined and exasperated, rose in revolt A number of Mgh and low ad ministrative officials were slain by the people, and the unfortunate President Boyer only managed to escape to Jamaica, where he died in 1842. •After Boyers expulsion, a negro named Son- louquewas elected President. After a short time he imitated Dessalines and Christoph, by creating Mmself Emperor qf '.Hayti, under the name of Faustus I. This bombastic negro em peror was soon expelled by the negro General Geffrard, who re-established the republic, and ruled it for many years, but not long enough to teach the negroes industrious habits. In 1SG5-G Geffrard was in Ms turn upset, and expelled by .the negro SaMave, who is still fighting for the supremacy against a number of negro chieftains of the army of the republic. Thus there has been, since the commencement of this century and the independence of Havti, seven rulers of that country, including one king, two emperors, .and fourBresidents, none of whom have been able to .restore the country to- the- prosperity it enjoved under the 'ol(> slave-system.- mm 4 Is the South, now that all compulsory means ! The Blew Tennre-of-Ofliee Law. are being withdrawn that would make the negroes j following is the new law: labor, to become another Hayti, by taking away u enacted dc That the first and second the control of the wMte people? It is against 6eetiana of a ’ ct entitled * An act rqguiatag °”the tenure of certain civil offices,’ passed MmoE ™ 18 fr ° m ^he "h? 463 2, 1867, be, and the same are herehyTrepesied, pe^°es. willdegcnBrateintoe^uthas they . ^ ^ Ueu ^ 8&id sections the fSow- didin Hayti, and though the wMtes will hardly ; j™ RTe hereby enacted- suffer themselves to be exterminated there as j *‘That eve?y person holding any dvfl office m Ha Y 1 /- ^ ^ StTOC ??w f ! t0 which ** to* been, or heres&ter may be, ap- «ie laboring populabon will follow through their j pointed by and with the advice and oonsent of degeneracy. And with them the prosperity of the Senate, and who shall have become duly the South will naturally decrease until a new qualified to act therein, shall be entitled to hold laboring class can be introduced. Shall the BUC h office during the term for wMch he shall bloody contest of Hayti be repeated m the South? h ave been appointed, unless sooner removed, Thei Radicals should remember that it is the ; by and with the advice sad consent of the 8en- r^v 63 T!?° 1 are tojee asnumethere, instead | a te, or by the appointment, with the like advice of the blacks, as m Hayti; and tiiat the oonse- j and consent, of a successor in his place, except qence of a conflict, wMch may be precipitated ( ^ herein otherwise provided. by foolish and fanatical .interference with the ; “Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That ixa- SfaL rdatl ?- Ils 0 » ^Ptial and labor, will be j i n g any recess of the Senate the President is ♦n f extennina JJ on tbe r ^ ea ^ : negro rather than ; hereby empowered, jn his discretion, to suspend the strong white race. The lesson of Hayti has > an y civil officer appointed by and with the ad- an important moral for us at tins time, and we . vice and consent of the Senate, except Judges commend ite study to our legislators. of the United States courts, until the end of tke Now, that the duigustmg accounts of the habits ; next session of the Senate, and to designate and tendencies of the negro race in the Southern j some snUable person, subject to be removed, in States are contmuaUy coming to ra—particularly : his discretion, by the designation of another, to m regard to Yoodouism and other super- j perform the duties of such suspended offioer in stations—it may be interesting to read Professor meantime ; and such person so designated Jaegers account of his experience among the j s haU take the oaths and give tho bonds nwuired j law to be, taken and given by the suspended servationson the character of the degenerate . A, —a „wi time he performs people. Hesays: ^ , ! his duties be entitled to the solaij .^Temobi- 1 was tola wnile in Hayti that all the black • ments of such officer suspended; and it shaR be people of the Island who live in the mountains the duty of the President, within thirty days are ldolators and snake-worshippers. I did not after the commencement of every session of the believe it at the time, but was subsequently Senate (except for any office wMch, in his opin- convinced through being an eye-witness of their jQ n) ought not to be filled,') to nominate persons superstitious rites. Riding one afternoon in fo fill all vacancies in offices wMch existed at the the mountains towards Gonave, I entirely lost meeting of the Senate, whether temporarily my way, and was compelled after sundown to filled 0 r not; ana also in the place of all officers get off my horse to avoid precipices, from the suspended. And if the Senate during such danger of .wMch I was often saved by the light session shall refuse to advise and consent to an of the flying lightning beetles (elater cujujo) appointment in the place of any suspended offi- wMch sported in the air and illuminated the C er, then, and not otherwise, the President shall ground over wMch I moved. After wandering nominate another person as soon as practicable till midnight, my horse and I, exhausted from tosaid session of the Senate for said office.” fatigue and hunger, I heard the beating of a ; ; drum, in reality a more pleasant sound at that | The Most Wonderful' Yrloeipede Ex moment than an air from Mozart, for it revealed i ploit on Record. the near existence of a habitation where the j jy om the Jacksonville till.) Journal, March 22.] negroes were enjoying a frolic. Guided by the i Q n Saturday evening, there was quite a large discordant sound, I pushed forward, and soon ; number gathered in Professor Grover’s Veloci- saw before me, at a short distance, a large open '■ pedo Hall r in ^ third story of Ayer’s Block,) square surrounded by large trees. At one end witness the proficiency and skill of the Pro- of .to®, square w as a blazing brushwood fire, i fessor’s pupils on the wooden horse. It appears and at the other was a large quadrangular tlia t a few of the Professor’s most advanced box, around wMch a number of half-naked scholars have been practicing on an inclined male and female negroes were dancing to tho p i anei which has heretofore been placed on the beating of a drum. When they stopped from 80 uth side of the room, but in cleaning the hall time to time, a big snake, directed by a negro i a jho afternoon, the decline part had been re- pnest, stretched its head and long neck out of moved, and the incline part was moved close to the box, and immediately some of the worship- east side of the hall, so that the highest part pers bowed, whilst others bowed and also crossed re sted on a window sill—the window having been themselves. I was now in a great dilemma and removed in the afternoon, did not know what to do, for I was aware that j Several of the new beginners had been show- those ldolators disliked being known as such. I j ing thoir skill in riding around the room, and therefore retired^ a few steps behind the trees, ’ ^^en Mr. Dunlap came into the hall, he was and when the noise of the drum again ceased, I called upon to ride, and immediately complied, commenced to speak in a loud voice to my horse mounted the macMne, and away he went at in order to attract their attention, and at the lightning speed around the hall. As soon as he same time advanced towards the middle of the bad got the velocipede up to full speed, he went square in such a course that the box containing straight for the incline plane (all who were posted the snake was beMnd me. The negroes covered j a tbe movement of the plane, supposed that and removed it the moment I was observed. Mr. Dunlap knew of the change, and wasonlv Several men and women now approached me trying “some new trick,” but, as the seque’l with an air of impudence, calling .me a “white shows, he was entirely ignorant of the change,) man, wMch epithet is there considered an in- ap bo went like a bird, and did not discover Ms suit. I used very, freely in addressing them mistake until it was too late. Away he went, the title “compere and “conunere, ’ wMch are through the window, like a flash, and dis- sacred words among the people, and render one ■ appeared! All stood spell bound for a' se- mviolable, and asked every one who came up to cond> and then rushed to the windows, ex- me concerning the health of Mmself, Ms father, pecting to see his mangled body on the mother, wife, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, ground below; bnt he was not “bom to die” 1°^’°- Ui-nn’ S? otiier »latioM. I was in tbat ymjrfr* th« sneed. at .which he was go- tben received as a very nciomuu compere mg carried min across an allev ten feet wide, (godfather,) and after I had told them my diffi- and R e alighted “right side up” on Carter, culties I was furnished with a whole regime of Beesley & Co.’s drug store—a two story build- bananas, with guinea grass and Indian com for j D g—-with a very steep roof, down their roof, my horse, and a bed of dry banana leaves for a and over the edge he went, sailing on to the couch. Thus did those idolitors show themselves roo f 0 f Ayer’s bank where he managed to falloff kind Samaritans, because I did not meddle with ),;« machine in time to save himself from going their religious creed. Had I done so, they would over to. the ground. As soon as possible, he perhaps, have, robbed me, stealing, being an sprang to Ms feet, swung his hat and gave three innate propensity of the negro. Itisanestab- cheers, wMch responded to with a will by the lished fact that for the most part the generality ' crowd,wMchwerefilledallthewindowsofthehall. of slaves and free negroes consider all that per- and had watched his descent with silent horror! tains to others than themselves as common prop-| Mr. Dunlap thinka h e is entitled to the erty. The distinguished Prince Paul of Wur- ! champion medal as the most daring velocipede tenburg, whose name I have already mentioned, ; rider i n this sectiom of the country, had a high opinion of the negroes of the Haytien j republic until he visited the island andhis kind- r Marriage and Divorce—Oiicago Out ness was grossly abused by them. I cannot omit j . , done, an anecdote showing tho negro’s propensity for j From the Cleveland (O/.io) Herald, March 26th.] stealing : . The 1st of January is celebrated in . There is now living in this city a woman, who, Hayti .with great solemnity as tae anniversary eight years ago, was married to her first hns- of their independence and the establishment of t ,f nd / H e enlisted in the Union army in 1861, the Haytien Republic. On the occasion of the j and was kUled at the first battle of Bull Run. celebration in the year 1828, a most magmfi- ; ’Within a "week after ahe heard the news of his cent dinner was given by President Boyer at j death, she. united her fortunes with another the national palace, to which only the dignita- ■ j aal)j roho lost his life ere the honey moon was nes of the republio and foreign consuls and 1 over, in a street brawl in this city. 1 Returning merchants were invited. The president re- j f r0 m the funeral, she accepted the proposal of ceived his guests m the grounds behind the pal- j a tb ; rd) and the next day was legally married ace, under a shady bread-fruit tree, and accom- : to him. Butit appears that husband No. 3'was panied them at six o clock to the spacious dining no t the man to suit her ideas, and she soon'after hall. Whilst an abundance of well-prepared filed a biH in the Court of Common Pleas for a dishes and a variety of exquisite wines made divorce, wMph was granted her. A few months banquet irreproachable, I was surprised to find : e i ap sed and No. 4 pledged Mmself to love. pro- that we were furnished with iron spoons, with i tec t an d care for her. : TMs marriage also wMch to eat our soup. The cause was explained-; P roved unhappy for both parties, and again the to me by a foreign consul, who said that at the ; courts interfered and dissolved the tie which celebration of the previous year all the silver | bonnd th6ln together. spoons were stolen, partly by some officers of I In May, 1867, No. 5 was smitten with her the President s body-guard, partly by the wait- . charms, and after the short courtship, a priest ers and other domestics, and partly by some of j 8 ii pp ed the marriage noose over Ms head and he the Generals present. j became the lord and master of her household ** : effects. Two months they lived in peace, but at To onr Patrons. | the end of that time the wife became jealous of OmcE Alabama Gold Life Insubance Co., . 4 ; another woman in the immediate neighborhood, No. 34 St. Francis street, >■ ! and she again resorted to the Courts to sever the ■Mobile, Ala., April 1* I860.) r nuptial, knot, wMch was done. .In October of Dear Sib : It is with unfeigned pleasure that J I ear . 6 P res « nted a ! quickmariiagefollowed. WwMte Mbit of the workings of your company, and of ; failed to agree, th e husband uuntng that he its manifest establishment npon a basis that is . tbe head of the household and the wife de- truly enviable. During the month of March we • so v( th f 0 L 8 .?“ ‘f’pu d . have issued sixty-eight policies, amounting in Chancery part of the common Pleas Court again a. Oiree pt.Tious ■noi.ttogtveira ta, hmdred in grana ioiax 10 —averaging r. *; Z— per enpita—and receipts of gross premiums plied fori , — „. . amounting to §59,255 57. The above amounts she is now anxiously wmtmg for No. 8. in American gold coin—the accumulations of In 1867, her daughter, by.adoption, who was four months only. • a spnghtiy girl of nftoen summers, possessing When your Directory take into consideration . “ otl ^ 8 lde88 °f ®atnmony married a the time of organization of this young Company, broker of her mother s husband, thus-mixing the assiduous competition it met at the outset, . *be relation question fearfully. This ® ar * the unscrupulous assaults made upon its exdu- "age proved an unhappy one also, and tatang sive gold features by representations of those ber mother s advice, shegot nd of hermeum- interested in Eastern Companies, and the gene- brance by procuring a divorce. Q?jhe same ral incubus resting upon the South as a people, ™hich her mother was married the sev- it is a source of pride not easily forgotten, that^ ® nt b tl “ e > also by your hearty support and earnest co-opera- • husband, and in two month afte, ^ ***■ tion, we have succeeded in placing upon a per- torfered at her aad , „ ® < . a manent and unquestionable basis this beneficent ■ widow at the interesting age of sweet seven- enterprise ; that, if the past be ominous of the , t®® n - <„ : ' ' future, will multiply itself into proportions alike { Baixoosixo Across the Atlantic.—Nhe New honorable to its founders, and become an msti- tution-the pride and glory of our pereecuted ^Mo^TACh^Uer, the distinguished wqnant people. Its arms are widening with its inoreas- wbo j^iy arrived in tMs cityfor the purpose of ing strength—compassing Mreadv four conbgu- mflVing a balloon voyage hence to Europe, has ous States of the Union,. Its distinctive and ex- i eased Landmann’s park, Sixty-seventh street elusive Gold features ehcit responses of appro- and Third avenue, where he wM make several bation wherever the wakening light of its unerr- ascenta dnri ng the next two m . , i .. _. kkouo during the next two months, prior to Ms ing duences penetrates the public thought. It final departure on his great transatlantic voyage, comman ds enthusiastic endorsement wherever w b ic b be on the 31st of July. More than its Patrons, Directory and Officers are known one hundred upplications have been received by throughout the scope of a constantly growing ^ 0heTa i ier persons desirous to accom- temtory, and bids proud defiance to puenle ef- Mm on his perilous trip. The prfoe fixed forta to stay its stride. , for the passage is $250, and not all who’offer We thank you for your past endorsement th^^lves at that prioe will be accepted by the i.l h m tkn fnith at vnn miT* tnnrn a I * ■ j .. •> • * and dare pledge the faith of you, opr mutual prefe^r ^ eompagnems du togage, as he wish- policy Holders, to its continued race of pros- ^ b, take with Mm only such persons as are perity: till assuming magnificent proportions caDab j e< through mental and physios! qualifies- and dispensing the munificence of its accumn- y ong 0 f a^gting Mm in Ms scientific observa- lated.resources to the lonely and distressed, it Hons! for the sake of which, chiefly, the daring is accepted by our people as their peculiar in- ^ undertaken. 8titution and the foster mother of the widows v J •** and orphans of the land. The following is » Spanish epteh upon a Your obedient servant. young girl who died broken-hearted: ,T. N. Fowleb. ‘‘ghewhoBes fcehtttMthtaV Secretary. Died oft General Agents for the State of Georgia. WMt- Fesrnql field and Boyd, Newnan, Ga. Ot nfclgbt contagious* that ■Hfi •_ _ ••; ,4. ,