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, t TV THE TELEGRAPH. MACON', FRIDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1869. Colonel Hnlbert’s Speech.----,... We heartily commend thi3 speech, delivered beforo the Press Excursion, to the very careful consideration of all Georgians. It is ti muUum .fapare?." It would be difficult to condense more liberal and enlightened views and practi cal suggestions and more important statiscal facts in less space. First, it considers the grand ■ question of what ought to be the policy of the State Road, more especially in reference to the development of the great material and industri- ■ al interests of Georgia; and wo are sure that, upon this point, the intelligent reader will be pleased with the breadth, liberality and sound ness of tjie views suggested and the policy in part carried out by Colonel Hulbert. Next wo have, in startling array, the immi nent dangers which menace the profitable exis tence of this great property of the State, and suggestions in detail of countervailing remedies which will put the road upon a secure and inde pendent footing in virtue of a permanent, self- created trade. This addressis the result of much thought and patient investigation, and treats of topics transoendently important to the State and the people. It has no other political bearing than the best method of preserving, administering and using a great State property for the best in terests of the State, and it presents, in a forci ble light, topics which must come before the Legislature for their deliberation and action un less they are willing to see that great property interest, the Western and Atlantic road, sunk into practical worthlessness for the lack of timely action to supply losses of business inevitable on account of competing lines. Improving. The Macon Telegaph apologises for the spe cial invitation sent to Beast Butler to attend the Macon Fair. It says Butler was invited as a Congressman, and not as a man. Might it not be said, also, by way of apology for the infa mous deeds committed by hum in the South and upon Southern people, that they were merely committed in his character of Beast, and not as &man t—Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel oj the 23 d inst. The Macon Telegraph had no concern in inviting General Butler, and did not, therefore, apologise for the act The Telegraph, however, explained that the invitation resulted probably from the general orders of the Executive Com mittee to invite the Members of Congress—or ders given without any recollection that General Butler was one of them or with the slightest de sign to extend the invitation to him, and that it was, in fact, a “mere inadvertence. This ex planation is perverted and distorted in manner form as above, by the Chronicle and Sentinel. Again, in response to another paragraph hav ing the same general object, we beg leave to as sure the Chronicle that the President of the Central is commonly termed in Macon “ Gen. Wadley”—not in respect to any local good or evil he may' purpose or accomplish for this place, but simply because the Confederate States conferred that title upon him, and not the rank and title of Colonel, as the Republican and Chronicle and Sentinel suppose. The Slain Point: The events of the last few years have strength ened the conviction of sagacious observers that the South is destined in future, a3 in the past, to be the great source of the world’s supply of this essential article, since there is scarcely a limit to its production in that field, under a liberal application of capital and an adequate supply of labor, which, it may be taken for granted, will be found elsewhere. In view of the constantly tightening hold which cotton has upon commerce, there is everywhere a manifest disposition to make a concerted and determined effort to re cover the ground which was lost daring the re bellion. There are several important elements in this problem, which constitute a strong in centive to the rehabilitation of the great staple. The foregoing is from the New York Shipping and Commercial List of the 18th, and is a con cession assuring the whole future of the South. The cotton supplies of the world must come from Southern soil, and if one kind of labor is inefficient or insufficient, another or more is compelled to be had. The work must go on— the crop must be increased far beyond its high est original dimensions, and this settled fact as sures us progress and improvement—increased population—increased value of lands—increased wealth. As our cotton product increases and prices foil, the decline will be checked by the falling off in the foreign supply until finally, os we believe, tho Southern States will acquire a complete monopoly in cotton production. Putnam County Fair. 'We advertise to-day the list of premiums to be awarded at the Fair in Patnam county, which commences the 2d day of November next. This will be a lively occasion, and, we have no doubt, a complete success in every aspect. The show will be a large one and all the appointments very complete. Putnam deserves great credit for the persistent energy she has displayed in these exhibitions and in all the enterprises of an improved agriculture. Gold Gambling.—We are inclined to believe that there is a mistake in the reported gold quo tations at the morning board yesterday. If so, the evening report, when it comes, will rectify it. But if gold jumped down, in a quarter of an hour, from 162 to 136 and a fraction, the Gov ernment had probably stepped in as a bear and floored the speculators. The Government has or had about two millions gold in New York, and was in prime condition to slaughter the gold bulls. There was fearful bellowing yesterday, if the report is true. Burned to Death.—Three negroes were swal lowed up in a terrible conflagration now raging in the dismal swamp. They were employed there, and the fire surrounded them while asleep in a hut and burned them to a crisp. Heavy Fluctuation—The noon dispatches say at 12 m. yesterday gold was 162. Fifteen minutes later it fell to 13GJ. If there’s no mis take in the figures we should call that a heavy fluctuation in the course of fifteen minutes. Rain at Last.—We had a fine rain yesterday and the chanoes for quantum suff. of the article are now very good. The Northern mail failed yesterday. |)eep vs. Shallow Cnllnre. ' We have'a very simple proposition to make in answer to our correspondent “J.’D. 8.” in re gard to shallow and deep culture. Every farm er can satisfy himself upon the matter with lit tle risk and cost. Let him lay off two contigu ous patches—ten or twenty feet square will an swer—of the same quality of soil, either in field or garden, manure alike—break up alike—plant alike and then cultivate one patch deeply and the other on the shallow plan, and he will then see for himself which is the better system. It is an important question and practical tests will settle it much more conclusively than theoriz ing- No experienced gardener need be told that “shallow” culture will not answer for his garden truck. If he wishes to raise fine tomatoes, or turnips, or cabbages, or beets, he has got to keep his soil mellowed to the bottom. When cabbages are beginning to head the one thing needful is to spade deep all around them and make tho earth as friable as possible—and he does this without lacerating the roots of the plants. Nor, in the case of the cotton patch al luded to were the roots lacerated; but by keep ing the swingle-tree clear of the cotton limbs or branches all that dreadful catastrophe was avoid ed. On the other hand, without deep culture the soil of the patch, however deeply broken in the Spring, would have impacted nearly as hard as ever during tho cropping season. And as for the yield, a little patch constantly and closely picked cannot be white with cotton; but two experienced planters from Pulaski gave it as their opinion, that it would yield during the season at the rate of 4,000 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, while the bolls are so large that it is found that sixty-five of them produce a pound of seed cotton. The fibre is also of corresponding fineness and length. Now, let us understand the point at issue.— There is much—very much of tho soil of Geor gia to which deep culture may not bo so essen tial. We have much of a loose, sandy soil which does not readily impact and which, brok en up thoroughly in the Spring will remain com paratively light and friable till cropping is over. That soil may readily fulfil all its func tions pretty well with snrface culture, although it would do them better with at least one good lifting as the cotton begins to branch smartly. But, on the other hand, there are our fine red clay soils, which, we think, are on the whole the most valuable in the State. That soil will impact again in a comparatively short time af ter breaking up, and mere surface culture will leave it in no favorable condition to convey to the roots of the plants the air and moisture nec essary to their vigorous development. Kir. Gnslin’s Cotton Patch. Editors Telegraph,; Much has been said about this little cotton patch, and very deserv edly, for it demonstrates one very important principle in agriculture—deep preparation of the soil. Mr. Gustin misplaces tho grand secret of success in this patch—if indeed it be a suc cess—when he refers it to the deep cultivation. To my mind, from all the descriptions given, it is far less the cultivation than the preparation and fertilization of the soil that make this patch look so fine under the drought that has prevailed this season. I like to see things referred to their proper sources, and certainly the progress of agricul ture requires compliance with this motto. Facts should be properly accredited—not distorted to the support of fancy theories. In the case be fore us there is nothing to sustain the proposi tion that deep culture made tho crop, but suffi- cient reason for believing that the crop was made despite the deep cultivation. Mr. Gustin started right in making his land rich and breaking it very deep ; and in these very steps consist tho whole secret. The deep culture did not promote, but only retarded, the growth and production of the plant. The crop would have been much better had the system of snrface cultivation been adopted. It would have matured earlier, and a large crop of cotton would already have been open—ready for pick ing. Every- time you cut the roots of a plant you arrest its growth, and every root you cut in jures the plant in proportion. Nature never puts forth a root that is not nec essary for the support of the plant. Most of the lateral roots in Mr. Gustin’s patch must have been cut every time he ploughed it, for he as serts that he cultivated about as deep as he pre pared the land, which ho says was about 20 inches. Yet you say, Mr. Editor, that “tho whole of this deeply pulverized soil has become a net-work of these lateral roots.” At what time during the season was this net-work of roots formed? Certainly not during the season of cul tivation, for the “ subsoil lifter” must have tom them up every time it went along. These rootB must have sprung forth, then, subsequent to the last ploughing: Consequently, the lateness of the crop and the green, luxuriant appearance of the patch the middle of September, when it ought to have been white as snow with the “fleecy staple.” I consider this patch a failure, Mr. Editor, because of the gouging, root-cutting culture.— It is not what it ought to be with the fertilizers used. It is too late. The October frosts will catch it The very liberal application of Gus tin’s Rawbone Superphosphate, together with the deep breaking and subsoiling of the land, fully explains all that is claimed for this patch. Had it been cultivated differently, tho early and late roots of the cotton allowed to penetrate this deeply pulverised and rich soil, without moles tation, the crop would have been far better, and Mr. Gustin would have been enjoying a better reputation as a scientific agriculturist. He compounds an excellent fertilizer, but he can not pump it into cotton bolls like Mr. Dickson. His subsoil lifter won’t compare with the Dick son sweep; and his far-famed little cotton patch I apprehend, will never whiten with cotton bolls like Dickson’s hundred acre fields. J. S. D. Houston county, September 22, 18G9. A Photographer attached to the War Office in England has succeeded in measuring dis tances and heights by means of the camera, thereby making it a formidable agent in military operations. . 'j Congo Square, in New Orleans, is to change its name for Humboldt Square, so soon as the Germans ereet a statue to Humboldt in it. So decides the New Orleans City Council, on the petition of German citizens. These years ago Madame Chevreux, a famous soothsayer, predicted to the Empress Eugenie that her husband would die in the year 1870. Heavy Consignment.—The steamship Mont gomery brought four thousand two hundred packages of through freight for the Central Railroad Company, which, we understand, is the heaviest ever dipped through on that road. [Savannah News. Homicide In Donglierfy. We have, says the Albany News of the 21th, to chronicle another one of those horrible out rages incident to freedom and the abuse of the pardoning power. Mr. J. W. Jaudon, son-in-law of Mr. Dyke, of this county, and the manager on his plantation a few miles below this city, was stabbed and in stantly killed on Tuesday ovening last by Joe Smith, a colored employee on the place. The circumstances, as we learn them, show fiendish malice and a murderous purpose in the heart of the negro. It is said that the negro has, on some recent occasion, been detected in cotton-stealing, but was not prosecuted, and continued the practice. Mr. Jaudon found out that he wa3 stealing Mr. Dyke’s cotton, and selling it to a man by the name of Holoome, who keeps a shop in the neighborhood. He went to see Holcombe, who told him that he had been baying cotton from Joe. Mr. Jaudon informed him that Joe was stealing the cotton, and requested him to buy no more from him. Tuesday evening, when the negroes came up with the day’s picking to the ginhouse, Joe made some remark to Mr. Jaudon about the ac cusation of cotton stealing. Mr. Jaudon told him that he had been stealing Mr. Dyke's cot ton and threatened him with prosecution. Joe told him that he was a “damned liar,” and leap ing from the wagon dared him to come down off the platform. Mr. Jaudon went down and ap- E roached Joe, who was cursing and abusing im. A few words passed and they got hold of each other, when Joe plunged a knife into his heart and he died almost instantaneously. Joe fled, and though the country has been i scoured for him, he has not been arrested. He | is a tall, stout, yellow negro, and bears a bad , character. Mr. Jaudon was a young man about twenty- eight, and leaves a young wife, but no children. State Road Payment.—The Atlanta Intelli- Science threatens the extinguishment of the “dusty miller.” A method has been discovered of making bread without grinding the grain, and a patent has been taken out- for the process. In making bread from flour there is much waste, one hundred pounds of grain yielding only one hundred and twelve pounds of bread. By the new process the same amount of grain will pro duce one hundred and fifty pounds of bread. Moreover, the decomposed and lost gluten in the oldproeees is preserved in the new. gencer of yesterday contains the following: [ Wasters and Atlantic Railroad,) ' Omen Superintendent, j. Atlanta, Ga., September 23, I860.) To His Excellency, Rufus B. Bullock, Governor, Atlanta, Ga. : Sib : I have this day paid to N. L. Angier, Esq., Treasurer of the State of Georgia, twenty- five thousand ($25,000) dollars for the month of August, 1869, from the earnings of the Western and Atlantic Railroad. I am, Governor, very respectfully your obedi ent servant, E. Hulbert, Sup’t. From Washington. Washington, September 24.—It is stated that Gen. Canby recommends the re-establishment of the 'Freedmen’s Bureau in Virginia. Among the reasons given for this action is tho drought produc ing scarcity and threatening much suffering among the negroes. . ' Cuban partizans here have startling news. Dis- sentions have compelled the reorganization of the army, and President Cespedes has assnmod su preme command with Jordan as chief of staff. Tho Cubans assassinated two Cuban Generals before the reorganizations. Koopmanschaap, the Chinese importer, visited Secretary Boutwell on tho revenue question regard ing rice. Incidentally Chinese immigration was dis cussed. Mr. Boutwell says it won’t be interfered with, unless tlio laws are violated. Koopmanschaap insists that his operations are within tho laws’ in structions. Koopmanschaap goes to Memphis and thence to New Orleans and thence to Louisville to the Com mercial Convention. Thenco ho goos to China to fill the contracts he may make. Tho Northern California Indians are becoming hostile and gave the commander of Fort Bidwell ten days to release several prisoners. Otherwise they would assail the Fort. Tho Secretary of the Treasury has authorized tho Assistant Treasurer at New York to sell to-morrow four millon dollars of gold and buy four million dol lars worth of bonds. A full Cabinet was held to-day for the first time for several months. Count Catacazy, the Russian Minister, was re ceived by tho President to-day. Tho President appointed Jas. M. Dickerson As sessor for tho Sixth Tennessee District, and Wm. Reele, Assessor Second Tennessee District. Tho Treasury Department has ordered the build ing of three new revenua cutters. Tho agricultural report states, regarding com, that unless tho close of the season is very favor able, there must be one hundred and fifty millions bushels less than a full crop. Regarding cotton tho report says there will bo a reduction in the yield of cotton from the Carolinas to Alabama, and a material increase from Missis sippi to Texas. Georgia, Florida and South Caro lina have suffered most, mainly from drought, and in a few localities from rust, tho caterpillar and boll worm. Our estimates mako tho increaso in Missis sippi, Louisiana and Texas, respectively, ten, twelve and fourteen per cent. The probabilities at present favor a yield of two millions seven hundred and fifty thousand bales. Tho wheat crop is largo and the quality in the South decidedly superior. Nothing certain is known regarding the Cabinet. Texas was np, and it is stated on quite reliable au thority, that the determination was reached to throw the Executive influence in favor of Davis, the ex treme candidate for Governor. In furtherance of this policy, J. G. Tracy, Chairman of tho Republi can Executive Committee, has boon appointed Post master at Houston, and Swanty Palm, Postmaster at Austin. It is stated on the same authority, (quite good,) that other Federal officers opposing Davis, will bo removed. It is worthy of notice that while the abovo items are thrust into the hands of reporters, other actions of the Cabinet is carefully concealed. Washington, Sept. 25.—It is stated that the Presi dent, on reading the accounts strongly committing tho Executive to interference in favor of tho ex tremists in Texas and Mississippi, said to parties of his officcial household, that the reports were not substantially true. The facts are that the President will allow the secretaries to act their pleasure in their several departments. This will throw the pa tronage of the Postoffice, Treasury, and Attorney General for the extremists and tho State and Navy and Interior, if they interfero at all, will favor tho Conservative Republicans. This rough statement of the atuation is the closest approximation possi ble. The best opinion persists in asserting neutrali ty in the highest quarters. Revenue to-day, $400,000. The Register of tho Treasury has gone to Penn sylvania to stump it for Geary. Hoar has been applied to for his opinion regard ing tho power of the Virginia Legislature to elect Senators. M. Billio, new Danish Minister, was presented to tho President to-day. The President has appointed Nathan Patton Col lector of Customs for the First District of Texas, and Wm. B. Moore, Assessor for tho Second Dis trict of Texas. Twenty-five thousand in fractional currency was forwarded each to Charleston and New Orleans, to day. Major General Reynolds has addressed a letter to President Grant, dated September 4th, in which, after speaking of political affairs in Texas, ho says: ‘•The platform of the two wings of the Republican party are tho same. The Radical wing act out their professions of adherence to the reconstruction laws of Congress and present for office men who are qualified under these laws. The Conservative wmg frequently nominato men for office who are known to be disqualified under tho reconstruction laws, but who are also known to be acceptable to tho Demo crats. The success of the A. J. Hamilton faction, as it will be produced by Democratic votes will be tho defeat of Republicanism in Texas, and will put tho Stato in tho bands of the very men who, daring the entire period of the rebellion, exerted every nerve to destroy the Union, and who have uniform ly opposed the reconstruction laws with a persisten cy worthy of a better cause.” General News. Salt Lake City, September 24.—Thomas M.- Bates has commenced suit here against the Union and Pacific Railroad for thirty-nine million dollars, for money and supplies furnished. Charleston, S. C., September 24—-Arrived, bark Annie Torrey, Richmond, Me. Savannah. September 24.—Cleared, steamship North Point, Baltimore. Arrived, ship Universe, Liverpool; brig Isabel, Boston; steamship United States from New Orleans for New York—put in for coal; schooner Oliver L. Baurke, with a cargo of sugar from Capo Barien for Boston, put in in dis tress, having been ashore on Sapelo Island, Ga. San Francisco. Sept. 25.—Yesterday a heavy rush for gold was caused by Atlantio advices. The banks refused to sell at any price. The Israelites have organized an immigration so ciety to wd persons of their faith to come from Eu rope. The banks of London and San Francisco have drawn on London for a million and a half of gold. New York, September 25.—The Gold Board ad journed to 10 o'clock on Monday. A committee will then be appointed to request Butterfield, Assist ant Treasurer, to' postpone the sale of four millions to some future day. No gold transactions of to-day will be recognized by the Board. A broker named Solomon Mapler committed sui cide to-day—cause, gold losses. The Assistant Treasurer has accepted throe mil lion dollars of five-twenties offered to-day at from 1161-7@1181-8. The amount bid was seven and a half million dollars. Niagara Fails, September 25.—The horses at tached to a carriage containing a gentleman and five ladies, became unmanagable. The gentleman jumped out and escaped. The carriage and horses, with the ladieB, went over a bank fifty feet high.- One of the ladies was killed and one fatally hurt. The others were terribly bruised. The party be longs to Providence, B. L From Louisiana. New Obleans, September 24.—This evening’s Picayune says: “For some time past investigations have been quietly going on in the custom house, of books, as far back as Kellogg’s regime. It has been discovered that during Kellogg’s administration of customs, large frauds were perpetrated in a man ner so bold and flagrant, that it would be an insult to the intelligence of the officials, then in office, to snppose they were not cognizant of the facts. Ves sels of comparatively small ton age cleared from this port with cargoes.apparently of whisky,on their manifests, that Bhips of three and four times their capacity could not have stowed away. Imaginary merchants of Honolula and Greenland; received on paper many such consignments, which in reality were sent West or put on the market here.” Foreign News.. Paris, September 24.—Pere Hvacinthe has left his convent and gone home to his parents, where he will await the decision of the council. *•' *! k Galais assorts that Franco has sent a note to Prussia, declaring that the annexation of tho Grand Duchy of Baden will be regarded as an. act which will cause a war. - .V-1 v f[ 1 Paris, September 25—The Oonstitutionol denies the story of the French note to Prussia, that the absorption of Baden would be considered an act of wax. From Virginia. Richmond, September 24.—There was an extraor dinary scene in tho Hustings Court to-day. George Washington, colored, was convicted of horse stealing and sentenced to tony ears’ imprisonment in the pen itentiary. Being askedwhathehadtosayfho turned to a large negro audience in the Court-house, and warned them against the Yankees and carpet-bag gers, who were the ruin of their race and of the Stato. Ho hoped, when he came out in ten ^ears, to find the star-spangled banner waving over Vir ginia ; the State governed by her own people, and ail carpet-baggers in tho bottom of tho ocean. The speech created considerable excitement. The City Council to-day appropriated 810,000 to arrange the Fair Grounds for the Stato Fair, which comes off November 2d. Gen. Canby has printed his correspondence with prominent Virginians relative to the test oath. The letters show that as early as June 4th, a month be fore the election, ho had, in roply to letters of in quiry, announced his intention of requiring the oath of members of tho Legislature. The London Times on the Cotton Supply. London, September 23.—The Times in an article on the cotton supply, says that Mr. Ash worth and Mr. Bright, by different methods, arrive at the same end, namely: That nothing is wanted but more cotton. More cotton would start the mills and silenco tho clamors against freo trade. Of this we are not sure, but we are well aware that the prostration of industry in Lancashire demands attention. Cotton is dear because it is scarce. VVhy scarce, because the crop of the Southern States, with consignments from other points, has enormously increased the supply. If less cotton arrives, Liverpool must investigate the cause. It would be safer to say that Lancashire suffers from the loss of trade more than from the dearness and scarcity of cotton. Tho demands for goods is less than it formerly was. If the Americans would take our manufactures as freely as we take their cotton and com, the industry would bo entirely over the supply of material. Thus it is not improbable that the protective tariff of other countries are answerablo in the same dogreo. for the depression in Lancashire. It is certain that in this case cheap ootton will not remedy the suffering. The loss of the mar ket is not material. Our manufactures con trolled the world; they were better and cheaper than those of other countries. What is to be done now, that people refuse to buy in the cheapest market? Without free trade manu facturing looses its value. If trade is bad in consequence of the restriction of other countries, the scarcity or abundance of cotton is immate rial without a doubt. Lancashire suffers be cause other countries refuse to trade with us freely. To attempt to relieve her by refusing to trade freely with them would be absurd. Harrying a Lord. AN ENGLISH LORD IN THE TOILS. From the New York Sun.) Yesterday the gentlemen friends of Lord Hal bert Ainsley, of London, entertained him with a dinner in honor of his engagement to a beauti ful Staten Island belle and heiress, which has just been announced. His Lordship arrived in this country in July, and while sojourning at one of tho places of fashionable resort, fell in love, proposed and was accepted by the beauti ful girl who is his fiancee. The dinner was given at the residence of Mr. Jared Oliver, in Twen ty-third street It was entirely a “stag” party; but during the dinner young Ainsley announced that it was his intention to give a dejeuner at an early day to both ladies and gentlemen. Wine flowed Iiko water and wit accordingly sparkled at tho festive board. Tho party broke np at about 6 o'clock and the hacks about the Fifth Avenue Hotel were in uncommon demand. The nuptials aro to be celebrated in grand style in November, and, we are assured, “will throw into the shade any wedding ever solemn ized in New York.” The prospective bride is having her trousseau made in this city from patterns sent from Paris. This wedding will probably take place in Grace Church and the subsequent reception at Delmonico's. From Lowndes County. We clip tho following from the Valdosta Times of the 22d: Health of the County.—We hear of very little sickness this season, in any part of the county. There is no healthier county in the State, and this season it exceeds itself. The doctors complain that they can neither live nor die. Quacks doing a reasonable business. Cotton.—The great enemy of the staple, just at this time, is not the rust, neither the cater pillar, but a powerfnl big African camp meeting four or five miles west of this place. In vain the planters tell their laborers that religion will do just as well after the cotton picking is done. They seem to be impressed with the idea that “now is the accepted time,” and leave the fields white with unpicked cotton, inarching in streams for the camp ground. Arrival from Scotland.—We are pleased to mention the arrival in our midst of Mr. George Gregor, and his family, from Glasgow, Scotland. He designs making Lowndes coanty his home, having been attracted toward it during the ef forts of the county to get Scotch immigrants in '67. Oar people welcome him, and hope that many more will follow in his footsteps. The Black Tongue has made its appearanoe among the deer. Of a lot of tame ones in a county of Southwest Georgia, nearly all have died from it, and a wild fawn, captured in thiB county, showed symptoms of the same disease. Several years ago the race became almost ex tinct from its ravages, and at the same time large numbers of cattle were destroyed.— It will be fortunate if it is confined to the deer alone. The cause of this disease is attributed by some to the fire that has been scorching the veg etable kingdom since the commencment of the drought. Chicken Cholera.—Scarcely an egg is to be seen in the stores, and very few ohiokens are heard to squall in the carts. The ladies gener ally report a hard time among the hen families. In some places they die in large numbers. May they soon recover their health and the hens re sume their work of supplying the market. The Great Colorado Canon. The WeBtem papers announce the return of Colonel Powell from sn exploration of the Grand Canon of the Colorado. The party descended the river about four hnndred miles, between walls almost vertically Tanging from five hun dred to fifteen hundred feet in height, the exte rior rim of the canon being from 2500 to 4000 feet above the bed of the river. More than two hundred waterfalls and cascades, emptying them selves over the falls of the canon into the main river, were seen in this distance, presenting almost every variety of natural soenery. The geological formation of the canon consists prin cipally of limestone and sandstone. Granite was found only at three places and in a limited amount. No discoveries of precious metals were made and no indications of gold or silver were found in the bed of the river. One section of the canon was found to consist of very fine and beautiful polished marble, which is at pres ent entirely inaccessible. The country traversed is barren beyond description, and is pronounced by Golonel Powell not susoeptible of cultivation even by irrigation. While Mr. Abraham was sitting on the veran dah of Capt. W. H. Mauri’s house in Gillman, Ill., a few days ago, he heard the pitiful cries of a frog in distress. - No sooner had he turned his eyes in the direotion from whence the ories pro ceeded than he observed a young rooster who had also been attracted by the same dries of dis tress, and was just beginning a furious attack upon something which Mr. Abraham could not distinguish. Upon approaohing nearer the spot he found a snake which had caught a frog and was making arrangements for a square meal. The rooster had in turn attacked the snake, and with bill and spur succeeded in causing it to re linquish the frog. As soon as the rooster was in possession of the frog, he ceased fighting and commenced eating frog meat, whereupon the snake, in return, made a charge upon him, which was gallantly repelled by the rooster, who made off with the frog and finished his dinner. His meal finished, the rooster returned, and again engaged in oombat with the snake. The fight resnited in the defeat of the chicken, which sought safety in flight, leaving his snakeshlp victor of the field, though cheated out of his din- Snbstance of the Remarks MADE BY •**»/;. . . " COLONEL E. HULBERT, ' *. " BEFORE THE P ’ . MEMBERS OF THE PRESS ASSOCIATION OF GEORGIA!- Delivered on Board the Steamer Etourah, on the Coosa Diver, Saturday Bight, August 28,1869. Gentlemen : It is my desire, on this occasion, to say a word or two as to the object which brought us together. It cannot be better stated than in my circular, an extract from which I will road yon. In that circular I said: “Our immediate section abounds in resonrees whose value, developed by the well-directed and energetic application of labor and capital, it is impossible to estimate. “Imbedded in our mountains, almost every where, are deposits of the richest Iron and other Ores, whose development will give profitable employment to thousands of people and to mil lions of capital. ' ' “Theso resources of our State, skillfully and energetically developed, will; in a few years, cause the Iron Crop of Georgia to exceed in value her present Cotton crop. An examina tion of them is all that is needed to demonstrate the proposition and convince the most skepti cal.” ' In that I meant business, nothingmore—noth ing else. It was to afford, an opportunity to examine these, in part, as to quality, abundance, and ex tent, that this excursion was projected. Their limits are undefined—their speedy and proper development is a matter of vital importance to the whole State. Look at Pennsylvania and note the history of the development of her coal and iron fields, and its effect upon her increase in population, manufactures, commerce, and wealth. The results there show conclusively the wisdom of the policy pursued. As in North Georgia we have these minerals in abundance, it is impossible for you not to perceive the great advantage to. the State of their development. But I spoke of Pennsylvania because the re sults there are a practical illustration of the benefits of the policy I would pursue in Geor gia. . Twenty-five years ago, only, she adopted the policy of development. Persons present know how rapid tho growth of her coal and iron interest has been, and to what it is to be attrib uted. It is mainly due to the liberal manage ment of the Pennsylvania railways. They pur sued the policy of reducing freights on coal and iron to low rates—lower than those of any other roads in tho country. The burden of expense was at one time so great and tho profits so small that they were almost ready to give up the ex periment in despair. But they persisted; the business began finally to increase, slowly but steadily, until, after a few years, they felt justi fied in making a still further reduction. Their business continued to increase—fine profits were realized, and now, I believe, the profits on coal and iron freights alone, on the lines doing a regular heavy business in these articles pay a handsome dividend on their aggregate capital stock. Tho Stato Boad of Georgia, in consequence of it3 position, has hitherto liad the monopoly of the carrying trade between Tennessee and tho West and Northwest, and a large portion of Alabama, and all of Georgia and Sonth Caroli na. Taking advantage of this position, high arbitrary rates were exacted, to the detriment of agricultural and other pursuits, especially of the Coal and Iron interests. Deeming this a mistaken policy, I have redneed the rates on coal and iron, (by which the development of these interests has been stimulated,) and on such leading articles of food as bacon, com, wheat, flour, etc. A second reduction has had tho effect of still further stimulating their de velopment, bat at the sacrifice of immediate profit to the road. We aro now, probably, car rying coal and iron at lower rates than any other road in the country. Now for the practical re sults : Fuel, like food, is an article of prime necessi ty to rich and poor alike. To cheapen it to the consumer is to do a material servico. Until the freight was reduced* nearly one-half, coal was but little used in Atlanta. Since the reduction, howevor, the consumption for domestic pur poses has more than quadrupled. As one ton of coal is claimed to bo equal to three cords of wood for heating properties, and as coal is sold now in Atlanta at $5 50 per ton, it is clear that if generally used, the saving to tho soven thou sand (or more) families of -Atlanta would ap proximate $200,000 per annum; Take other interests. The Bolling Mills and Foundries of Atlanta use about fifty tons of coal per day. The previous high freights made it almost impossible for them to cover expenses. They became discouraged—disheartened—and contemplated abandoning their enterprises. I reduced the rates on coal—they took courage and a fresh start, and are now making money. Besides, coal is about being introduced more generally into the cities of Augusta, Macon, Columbus and Montgomery. Connecting roads, taking a liberal view of tho matter, have agreed to pro-rate with the State Boad, so that the freight on this article is much reduced, and I doubt not the quantity which will be transport ed this season will amount 'to not less than 100,000 tons. Thus, gentlemen, you will perceive that while the private consumer is benefitted, our manufac turers are encouraged and assisted so as to give employment to the laborer, and the production of coal at the mines is so stimulated as to give employment to yet other laborers—benefitting the farmer by providing a ready cash market for all his surplus products. I am satisfied that under low rates the con sumption of coal in Atlanta, Augusta, Mont, gomery and at other points, will increase so rapidly that in a few years it will require all the present motive power of the road to move this one article. tv Before leaving Atlanta I ordered a sched ule prepared for coal trains exclusively, so ar ranged that they should stop only for wood and water, and make the close connections needed to supply the rapidly increasing demand. Now, as to Iron, which enters into all the manufactures, and without which agriculture itself, or the working of the mines, cannot be pursued. Cheap Coal cheapens the production of Iron : benefits the laborer by reducing the cost of living, and cheapens manufactured arti cles. From time immemorial we have been import ing iron and steel for our plow-shares, and ac tually wearing them out on the iron lying loose on our hillsides. I propose to change the pro gramme, and encourage the development of this interest, conscientiously believing we have scores of localities possessing as great advan tages for the cheap production of iron as Gen eral Wilder’s, in Tennessee, the advantages of whose property is unsurpassed anywhere. I desire to have numerous furnaces at short in tervals on and along the line of road, whose fires shall light its track and serve as standing ad vertisements of the abundance of our resources, as well as of the liberal policy which stimulates their development. Henoe, I propose to all who will repair the old, or build new furnaces ; all who wish to ereot a saw or cotton mill; or to engage in manufacturing on the line, to transport their machinery, their building mate rial, (lumber, lime, rock, otc.,) and to lay side tracks when needed, free of charge; and I pro pose, also, to transport iron and coal for them almost at their own prioe—as low or lower than is done by any other road in the country. I have assured them of my earnest oo-operation; that I will advertise their business; help them to sell their goods; give them low rates for their manufactured articles, and aid them to the extent of my ability, and if they do not make money, it will be their fault, not mine. From Lookout. Mountain northward and east ward in Tennessee, and southward in Alabama and Georgia, there are vast mineral resources only awaiting development to find a ready and profitable market. To develop these resources, capital is re quired. We may not have it, or if we have,we dislike to inveBt it in a business new to us. But by holding out proper inducements—by show ing to capitalists elsewhere how profitably it can be employed here, it will come by hundreds of thousands. There are men all through the North—men of capital, energy, experience and enterprise—who have strong desires to come South, but they hesitate about coming now. To all such I have said “come ! bring yonr capital and experience, and help us to develop and build up, and you will receive a hearty wel come 1” This desire exists from Maine to Omaha, and we have only to adopt and pursue a liberal line of policy, in aU respects, to secure all the beneficial results so muoh desired. Aware of this very general desire on the part of Northern men; of the opinion generally prevailing that the South was unhealthy; ana that we over-estimated our resource*, I con ceived the project of offering low rates of faro to persons wishing to visit and examine proper ty in the South with a view to investment and settlement. Accordingly, I issue a call last De cember fora Convention, which met in Atlanta in January. Two days were spent in consulta tion. * Conceding that the roads might be the victims of fraud to some extent, it wa» never* theleas determined to try the experiment, and the fare over nearly Ml the leading roads in the South was roduoed to two cents per mile, until July 1st, 1869, to att-eoming South in goodfaith - . » . ■ ■ ' *• .. for the purposes indicated. I had the honor' of, The distance from Nashville to being appointed chairman of the Standing Com- Decatnr, Ala., and Griffin is 419 mlttee, charged with executing the detail* of 392 miles by the 8tate Boad show,’ 1 tiie plan, and am pleased to report that, al- tage in favor of the latter of 27 mn* 8 *®*? though the arrangement did not become gener- erodes of the line via the Griffin./; ally known in the North until after the crops bama Boad (to Decatur ai. \ had been put in the ground; many hundreds lighter than those of the Nashvill *** have visited our section within the-past’six nooga, (over which freights - m/milia oil 1 l - - -i 1 2—a! wrr \ «... i months, all of whom have been favorably im- the Western and Atlantio,) to c • pressed, and many of whom have invested, and , this difference in distance? °° aatei wiRmake their homes here. j Theso are our present and The immediate results of this experiment were 1 on the West You will obaervo 7^8 ^ . fiafiofuafnew ovul j v. . 41 2 ^.1 • - a» _l j * *1 1 A ’“ tuHt 8 *. so satisfactory, and promised such really inoal- . of travel and freight once ours is a k cnlable benefits, that I easily obtained the con- while roads projected, and 1.1 ' • . I • i .5 *•,! , ’ . euiers nrr-l sent of three-fourths of the roads originally con- to completion, will shorUiTtalr!? 6 ??.. »nHni> SR2 □£ iTCf j_ tZZ •' away seating to the reduced rate, to extend the time to of what is left. July, 1870, while some of the remainder agreed . N ow i let us see what is debit, * .-.-xv ~ - -■ id East: “gontiij to recognize the certfioates from October 1st, 1 and 1869, to May 1st,' 1870. This liberal-action wiU As I have already stated the anK induce many additional thousands to visit the trade of East Tennessee has hr/Tt ^ South for investment or settlement, who, but monopolized by the Western and jhi® 1 for it, would not have done so. Thus will our way. This has been the onlv population be increased by farmers who will im- which the people and products i prove our wild lands, ana add to our products; region could reach Georgia Eari ■ W and by skilled miners, and machinists, and man- Florida and South Carolina. ’ a s id ufacturers, who will bring or command capital, ; Middle, Southern and Eastern Akh ^ S and develope our mineral and other resources, • to iis; and we are threatened with 10 )!'** augmenting our wealth, influence and power, j even that portion destined for c 1 ^ Then was conoeived this Excursion for the • our own soil. The. distance froni Press of Georgia, believing that by giving you, ' Montgomery via, the Selma Rome gentlemen, an opportunity of seeing/er your- Bailway is 347 miles, against 3*5, Sr selves, a portion of the vast resources. <rf our Wo««n«nfl — ‘ - immediate section, and tho publication through your journals of your observations, would be tho simplest, cheapest, and surest way of get ting the desired information before the country. Northern journals will republish much of what . The Blue Bidge Boad, from r. - Charleston, will soon be completed the distance between Knoxville . wiU be .bout .400 miles, you will write, and thus Northern labor and , the State Boad, a difference against . ss capital will be attracted to our fields, mines, 118 miles. So that travel and freiTuV^ and water powers. ; ,;T[■,, f ■*'' | direction is as good as lost to ng Now, gentlemen, a few remarks as to the i The distance via the Blue Ridcw ‘ ‘ ~ - - - mb ; aand AufrastaR.il™8®, “a tie policy of the State Boad, as to competing lines building and projected, and what should be done for its protection. The prevailing idea has been, that the road was projected and built with a view to its pay ing money into the treasury. Consequently, taking advantage of its position as a trunkline, possessed of a monopoly of travel and freight between great sections, high and arbitary rates of freight have been exacted. Dissenting from this view, andnnder the con viction that the wise statesmen of the past who originated this great work—which, when origi nated, was regarded a gigantic undertaking— contemplated its being used to develop the re sources of the State, I have adopted the new policy, already indicated in my opening remarks. To cheap, a food to the laboring consumer, I re duced rates on articles of food of prime necessi ty, as already stated; to cheapen fuel, and stim ulate the search for, and the opening and work ing of coal mines, and thus encourage the erec tion of furnaces, and foster them afterwards, I reduced the rate on coal nearly one-half: and, still further to encourage the production and manufacture of .iron, I vary materially redneed the freight on pig, and merchant bar iron. Bat, gentlemen, I did not stop here. I told connect ing roads that I wanted liberal through rates— that I proposed to reduce to very low rates— lumbia and Augusta Bailways, to w, ,1. is about 295 miles against Western* Atlantic Bailway a differs M l * us of about 86 miles. SothaUrvvTTrP, are lost. Not only that—the Georgia iwi compete with us for both nearly SfoSSi from Augusta. J -v Gentlemen, these facts need only to v for yon to perceive that the East Tennesi siness for South Carolina and Eastern (Tj once onrs without competition, is irrecon gone. V The Georgia Air line Railway from icL via Gainesville (and, probably, 'Walhalk rl Bine Bidge Bailway) to Charlotte, K c -I progress, and will very likely he complex j junction with the Blue Ridge Railwav bl nary, 1871. . An . extension of the Georgia Rail«T', Athens to Clayton, Ga:, or a junction rfo| Air Line Bailway, somewhere between (H viUe and the poutb Carolina line, is in Jj contemplation, with strong probabilities!; will be built. The construction of this last named la;J take away from tho State Road a large paT of the East Tennessee business left bv tin 1 Bidge Railway. Look at, and pondet njl ores. ' * The distance from Knoxville to AugnsJ and that I wanted their co-operation, so as to J Clayton and Athens, is about 33G miles, a, Plate our iron nroduct before Horthern dealers! 381 via Khnto TlonA a 1? in th eir.ovcn markets,where I was con vinced a com parison would be advantageous to the Southern product. Somo demurred at first, but finally consented, and the transportation of these ar ticles has greatly increased. I do not censure any one for the policy here tofore pursued—but had it been broader and more comprehensive—more in accordance with what its projectors contemplated, furnaces and foundries would long since have been established all along the line, developing these dormant re sources greatly to the advantage of all the other great interests. It is well known that the State Boad has been regarded and used as a political machine—and that the payment bf money into the State Trea sury has been considered a strong card in the hands of the party in power. It is fair that I should state that I could easily pay forty, or even fifty thousand dollars into the Treasury, instead of twenty-five thousand. I could do it by simply neglecting the road itself, its motive power, or by increasing the freight on corn, and the other prime necessaries bf life transported over it. Butin the one case the property would soon become valueless—in the other I would take the additional profits out of the pockets of the poor man and the day laborer. Every dollar thus paid into the treasury would cost the people two—development would cease—capital would be discouraged—and then laborers would be without employment. Thus, gentlemen, while money may not be taken from the pockets of the people, by high rates of freight, that it may be paid into the Treasury and squandered by reckless legisla tion, the policy I have endeavored to inaugurate will improve the road every year, reduce rates of freight on food and fuel, thus cheapening liv ing, and encourage the development of dormant resources, affording employment to the laborer, increase the comforts of all, and enrich the State. It is generally believed that the road is in good condition. This is a mistaken idea. To make it a first-class road in all respects would require half a million dollars. If left to the dio- tates of my own judgment—the profound con victions of my own mind, as to what I thought for the best interests of the State in regard to its management—I would use every dollar of its surplus earnings until its entire length was well ballasted, all its depots put in the best possible condition, new rail of the best manufacture placed wherever needed, all the bridges built' of the best material and on the: .most approved plan, and commodious, substantial, fire-proof shops built. In every detail, from the most im portant to the minutest, I would have it first- class. Having done this—still keeping in view the great leading idea that the road was origin- ally projected and built, not to build up and subserve the interests of this or that partisan organization—not merely to pay a few dollars into the State Treasury—but to develop the inter ests and build up the power and influence of Georgia—I would find the net profits, and then reduce the rates of freight to the lowest possible point that would pay current expenses and main tain the road in all its appointments in a first- class condition. By this policy the prosperity of Georgia would be increased to a wonderful extent, and the in creased value of all taxable property would cause to be paid into the Treasury a much larger amount than has been or is now paid by the road. A word, now, as to the future of the road, and the effect upon it of other lines building or pro jected—and permit me, gentlemen, to ask your careful attention to what I am about to say. As I have already intimated, the position of the State road ha3 enabled it to exact high rates. This was because it enjoyed a monopoly of the against nsl The distance from Knoxville to Atlanlaal miles, whilo the distance frowKnoiv:!V : l ens via Clayton,’is orily about 220 miles, ril Union Point about 260’miles; and to brasf matter to a nice point, I will stats that lit I tance to Union Point, on the Georgia nil via Western and Atlantio. railway, is 3!7e1 against about 2G0 miles via Claytonatdif ens ; showing a difference of about ii - against the State road. In conclusion, on this point, I. will m that the completion of the Blue Bidge nil Knoxville, and of the Air Line raikrat bf junction with it, will form a competitJliKrj tho State road, even from Knoxville toAtl so nearly equal will the distance In-1 It is, perhaps, proper to state that tu is not claimed in every instance. Where r are completed and in ; working condiuoLiJ figures are official; bnt where partly c ed or projected, the distances have neca been estimated, and, consequently, mcsibtl gardodas only an approximation—yetltbhl estimated distances sufficiently correctbl practical purposes, and to make good the r ment based on them. Now, gentlemen, you will naturally askr policy should be pursued; what measures J be suggested, by which to. make up what is’« prevent further loss of business, or secure i business from new sources. ' First, then, there is the railway projed from Cincinnati to Chattanooga, in whicil you all know, I feel and have taken a grea:I terest. This, when built, will do an iom# business, of which this road will get i i share, though it will be divided by the serf other lines radiating from Chattanooga. I even a; large portion that we might have seta for Eastern Georgia and South Carolina r.J diverted by the Knoxville and Kentucky il way, which will tap the Cincinnati Raiiu;| or near the Kentucky, line. . . Another proposed remedy has alreiora discussed at length—namely, the eneovr ment by low rates of freight, and byeverj s means in our power, of the development oj mineral' resources, and of the intrafo 1 among us aloDg the line of the road of s labor of all kinds, and of the surplus e3p| the North. What you will have seen I this excursion is over, will supply yon «| the argvtments needed to persuade labs J capital that this is the country in which us profitable employment. . I ■ My. next suggestion is. the purchase tyl State'of the Borne Bail way, and its eiteair the Alabama line with the least possible! From this point it is understood parties v ready to build it to Decatur, Alabama. ThI shorten the distance between Memphis&I lanta about seventy-four miles; while tance between Nashville and Atlanta al eighteen miles greater. Bnt this distawl be more than compensated for by th« gr**l ing so much lighter on the line from X&l to Decatnr than on that from Nashville W'F tanooga—there being a difference in fie® mum grades of the two roads of twentyt*! more feet to the mile. ' J Next, build the road from Carterevffi« ! l Wert, that that vast mineral region ms?*! veloped, made useful to the world, wri |S 1 the greatness and power of Georgia, vh/f riching her people. Then build a road eastward from Ci np the Etowah and amid the mineral' which lies imbedded in the mountains <*® side of that stream, awaiting the coming > j miner and the locomotive, to swell still®* 1 ! volume of Georgia's contributions to forts and commerce of the world. Then build the road from Dalton tol town,- and across the northern portion 1 . . . % 13 2-1. .1 soil 01 rare ieniiity, imxi urej «mu «enjjri of immense value and extent, media** 1 ™ “ and vast water power. .. By the local business of these s® r_ J Western and Atlantio railway would pendent of through freights, aid »». an SI travel and trade from tiie Northwest and from — — r , . East Tennessee and Southwestern Virginia to 1 State to where, it would intersect witi u* the South-Atlantio 8tates—South Carolina, I Bidge railway. This line, as yon are * Georgia, Florida, a large portion of Alabama, j would traverse a portion of Georgia m and even a part of Mississippi. But now it is [ soil of rare fertility, iron ore, andcop.?^ different. Lines already built have taken away a portion of the travel and freight, and lines be ing built and projected, and which will certainly be completed, will take away still other and greater portions. r a ... „ Let me demonstrate my propositions, taking • untold treasures and be sdfsusr M ~.*‘ ^ Nashville, Tenn., as' an initial or central point, j out the development of this vast portw ^ Heretofore freights for Montgomery and points! State, and the construction of in central and Southern Alabama have been ; the State road, (if the lines building transported via Chattanooga and the Western jected, to which I have directed you* 1 and Atlantio railway, the distanoe being 464 are completed,) wiU not cover °P er 'l t ‘ n ^/Tn miles, with grades on the Nashville and Ohatta- I In conclusion, gentlemen, we nooga railway of 105 feet to the mile. A road hearty oo-operation to the various is in operation from Nashville to Decatur, 122 terprises now in progress or P ro J ect f”| li0 U miles, from which point one is being built to the same time guarding the mter«~*^ Montgomery, 183 miles, making the distanoe great State work, and extending to it only 305 miles, or 159 miles less than via- the hand, by building side lines, wheret* , State Boad. The highest grade on these lines resources may be developed, the is about 80 feet, or less, per mile. ! ble property increased, and a toe** The distance to Columbus, Ga., from Nash- created, which, under all circurostan t ville via Decatur and Montgomery, Ala., is only maintain this valuable property in 8 402 miles, over an easier grade, against 428 worthy the people of the great State 01 miles via Chattanooga and Atlanta, showing an advantage over the State Boad even to that city of 26 miles I The Selma, Borne and Dalton Boad is com pleted and working between Selma and Borne, and will soon be completed to Dalton. The dis tance from Nashville to Montgomery via Chat tanooga, Borne, Lime Kiln, and the Montgome- The Melo Piano. . A new musical instrument is on exhj J New York City. It is called the and is tiie work of an Italian 1u ^ ca . wM es\ who has taken out a patent for his ia J Turin. It was exhibited at the Fan* *5 — - where it created quite a sensation. ry and Decatur railways is 426 miles, while via j difference between the melo-piapo *w>rj Atlanta and West Point it is, as before stated, nary piano consists in the addition of ^ 464 miles, showing a difference against the i hammers, which after striking a key, to oscillate until the key is raised, ^ ing a tremolo upon tiie note of * and beauty. These auxiliary t “ in motion by a spring which is wonna t ; State Boad of 88 muea 1 The Alabama and Chattanooga railway, between the latter city and Meridian, Mias., is being rap idly pushed forward to completion. Thus you will observe that the travel and freight between Nashville and Montgomery is as good as lost already to the YTestan* and At-1 lantie railway, and that at a day not remote, we i instrument can be used as an ordin* 1 ?^ ft sha% have to compete for travel and freight desired. The oscillating hammer* , in motion oy a spring wmoa« ‘<1 playing. A pedal at tha right of is brings them into play or throw* the“ ■t* j tion at the option of tiie performer, ^1 with Alabama roads for Columbus bntinen even, in the State of Georgia. Another line projected, which wiU doubtless be built, is that from Griffin, Ga., to Decatnr, Ala., which will be 237 miles long. By this hue the distance from Nashville to Columbus, via Newnan and West Point, will be 418 miles, with lower grades, against 428 miles eie Cbatfanooga. and the State Road, or 10 miles in diatenee against the latter 1 , v .. „ oal instrument ever onvenw**, ““ -n _os[»T it moss .entirely, snperee^ forte. The instrument now mite* first and only one imported into tu* * Cincinnati own ‘#1<M 1 . The Jews of *«$e > V ; 1