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ESTABLISHED ,1826.} MACON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1869. **:£i VOL. XLIV.—NO. 17 Georgia Telegraph Building, Macon. BATES OP SUBSCRIPTION: lilt Tilsgrapu—for ono yenr...... Tci.rr.RArn-forfix months.. p,ii.T is*- . _ cr jods -One Dollai $10 00 PnVJhortor periods Ono Dollar per month'. -rjii-Wicsiclt TeI-KGRAPH—ono year.. 4 CO v' c A Si:«l-h'ESKLY iKLKGtUPH-siz m’ths 2 00 "‘■‘“■ z.. wr.KKi.v Telegraph—one year......... 3 00 uiiioTB Weekly Telkobaph—six.months a 1 ** ^Payable ahcttyi in advanetrik. .-s* 1 GO «<><»K »»«* J ol> i-rintl Neatly executed at reasonable pnecs. e.mittanccs by mall with Postmaster’s eerti jtfnittanccs nrr‘». Printing *B prices. :ers certificate a [For the Macon Telegraph. ?( EnORIF.M OP CHILDHOOD. . BY STD NET HERBERT. Ko. 2.—MATERNAL TENDERNESS. Yv mother's voice—the tenderert and the best hr rirJilbood’s unforgotten melodics. 01 \Emma Alice SromC YTjea I remember, as I do with deep sorrow, lie «nst«rity and coldness of my father, and re- csll, as I must overdo, withineroaaingreverence Bid sscrsd pleasure, the tenderness and sympathy n( my good mother—who was of Scotch parent- jg^Xoan appreciate the feeling which prompted ,v a learned and eloquent Dr. Thos. Chalmers, of Scotland, in speaking of his mother, to givo her u m'h credit as possible for the possession of tenderness and sympathy in her maternal char- jjter. In doing this, however, he most ingeni- onsly draws upon tho virtues of her declining jtus for matorial with which to qualify the de- feiencios of her early maternal training. “ My impression of her was,” ho says, “that she was sore remarkable for the cardinal than the softer sirtnes." And, as if an apology were needed, Adda: “ But age, and tho power of Christianity together, mellowed her whole character; the •nilnm of charity, and tho peace which the vorid knoweth not, threw a most beautifnl and pjd light over the evening of her days.” This is all very comforting; hut it does not tike from tho memories of childhood the sad ness end chilliness which her want of tender ness and sympathy threw around the boyhood tfher gifted son. He may rejoice, as he does, in the ‘‘mildness" and “mellowness” of her daracter in her declining years, yet he cannot by any such process as this, change the natnre of the feelings with which he recalls, as he ever mast, tho coldness and severity of the maternal Atmosphere in which his early years were spent. A happy childhood, a tender, sympathising Bother—these will furnish sweet and blessed Bcmories, snch as can be derived from no other soared, and which no change of fortune or length of days can obliterate or modify in the least degree. Nearly every eminent man who has paid a tribute to his mother’s memory and excellence in the smile, more or less open, of my mother. The reins of my heart were in her hands—she .asked nothing of me but to be truthful and good. What she wished was to make mo a hap py child, with a healthy mind and a loving sonl; a creature of God, and not a pnppet of man.”— Tho eminent and learned divine, tho Rev. Dr. Samuel Miller, does not in the least degree ex aggerate when he speaks most emphatically of his mother's superior virtues. She was without question a very exemplary woman. “I nover think of her character,” he says, “taken alto gether, without a mixture of veneration, wonder and gratitude. Tho fidelity with which she in structed me; the‘fervor and tenderness with which she prayed with me ; and the unceasing care with which she watched over oil my inter ests, especially those of a moral and religions nature have been, as I should think, seldom equalled.” A single example more will suffice. The Rev. Dr. Hamilton, a distinguished English divine, says: “To this monrtlht-f recall the soft, kind manner or a mother, who early left her orphan child for a brighter and more congenial scene. How could thy child, blest parent, but remem ber thee? Ever must he retain the imago of thy face and the lustre of thine example.” O, mothers of to-day! if you would have your sons bear yon lovingly in their hearts long after the grave has closed over yon, impress those hearts in childhood and youth with tho sweet tenderness of a fond mother’s watchful care. Be firm and judicious, like the mothers above named; bnt let all yonr acts, like theirs, be gov erned by the laws of kindness. Tho folding of the little hands in prayer: the repeating of the hymns of childhood; the nightly visits and the good-night kiss; tho memory of these will be donbly precious, and far more lasting and vivid in the future of yonr child’s life, if the atmos phere which surrounds these early exercises and duties is fragrant with maternal tenderness and loving sympathy. Clayton, Ala., November, 1869. AUL ABOUT ELTAILA. Its Commercial Importance, Population and Progress. Eufaula, Aba., November 1st, 1869. The adage, or maxim, that “ practice makes perfect,” is well illustrated in the case of yonr correspondent Though he does not undertake to say that perfection would have been his re ward, yet a long abstinence from the use of the insignificant little instrument “mightier than the sword ” (in some hands), makes him hesi tate to venture a letter that may bo worthy of the space in yonr valuable paper. Nearly three years have rolled away their tedious rounds, with their struggles, vicissitudes 7chmct“er, “specially those who toTtheir j recurring changes, since the writer visited Bothers in childhood and youth-has ma de Bcenes ha Uowed by memory and association, touching reference to her tenderness. The Rev. The progress of the “ Bluff City” is wonderful Dr. Tyng, says: “She died fifty years ago; yet I both population and material wealth. Tho I «n remember her as distinctly ns though it j former embraces, at a rough guess, not less than were only yesterday. I shall never forget all j la kind ways and gentle words." The Rev. increase of not under fifty or sixty mercantile establishments, confectioneries, shops, manu factories of various kinds, mills, two hotels, three large fire-proof cotton warehouses, two or three banking bouses, five churches, a female oollego and several private schools, a foundry, “when I had completed my sixth year, ye$ I ire* | *"> large livery stables-and last, but far from member her well; I remember, too, a multitude ! *>“»*.“ fonrth estate” is represented by two of those maternal tenderness(s which I received I newspapers, the Bluff City'Times, by Messrs, from her, and which have endeared her memory Macon and Williams, and tho News, "" Dr. Neale, writes: “I followed her to the grave »ken I was a boy of fifteen, bnt her street looks, Her welcome smile, her love that knew no pall, are ever fresh in my memoiy.” The poet Cowper, bears similar testimony. “She died,” he says, to me beyond expression. The poet Southey is unbounded in bis praise of his mother’s gentler virtues. “ God never Uessed a human creature,” he declares, “with iraore cheerful disposition, a more generous spirit, a sivccter temper or a tenderer heart. In nee the “Spirit of the South,” by John Black, Esq., which are creditably conducted, and appear to be, as they deserve, liberally supported. Our friend J. W. Young’s foundry is an insti tution of itself, and turns out work that may be equaled but not surpassed. Who does not ob- .pekness of capacity, in tho kindness of her na- ! tain his castings from Young’s will as surely as ______ _ __ - . - porrlc shnw. lin ‘‘down in hire, and in that kind of moral magnetism which *iss the affections of all within its sphere, I never knew her equaL” Tho mother of the Esv. Dr. Cone, his sister tells ns, “was cheerful »ni always mild and meek and patient. Her set'irr was exquisitely tender, and yet she had tie fortitude of a soldier." The Rev. Dr. Ifkittiinore says: “O, how I was moved by my mother's tears. My father was a good man, and futhfnl in every respect to his family, who all loved and reverenced him; but family discip line he saw fit to leave principally in tho hands of my mother. She did not spare the rod; bnt Lr great power was in her affection." A simi- I# testimony is given in regard to the mother of Admiral Foote. “ Father,” says his brother, “was emphatically the first officer of tho ship; hat mother was the executive in tho family. She was one of the kindest of women, devoted to her family, and disposed to exhaust every other remedy before resorting to any severity. Laconditional, unquestioning' obedience wa3 the rale for family discipline.” Amos Lawrence, the merchant prince and philanthropist, de- •eribes his own mother in similar terms. He ®JB: “To all tho kindest affections and si/mpn- fe, she united energy and decision, and in Itr household enforced that strict, unhesitating Sxiienct, which she considered as the founda- •touof all success in the education of children.” Garibaldi pays tho following beautifnl tribute J his unique illustrated cards show, be “down in the month.” With one or two exceptions, the churches— architecturally speaking—are a blemish upon and almost a reproach to, the appearance of the city. An improvement, however, has already begun, and ere long all tho houses of worship will be in keeping with the grand purpose of their erection. The membership and citizens, with characteristic liberality, are building a magnificent Presbyterian church, on the Gothic style, that will be a credit and an ornament. All visiting strangers are favorably impressed with Eufanla and its beautifnl location. Ap- proaohing from the west it appears to bo on an extended plain in a valley, bnt going to tho river, that bng-bear of valitudinarians and all who anticipate sickness before it comes, he will look down on the beautifnl stream, from a bluff a hundred and fifty feet high, commanding a splendid landscape for miles into Southwestern Georgia. The city is laid off in squares, and the broad streets ending in beautifnl perspec tive, are bordered with shade trees, and hand some residences with flower yards. The busi ness aspect on almost every day of the week is lively and cheering; the principal streets are thronged and literally jammed with wagons from the surrounding counties of Georgia and Alabama, bringing in the fleecy staple and re taining laden with goods from the enterprising k his devoted mother: “In mentioning my j and intelligent merchants. Sother, I speak it with pride, she was a model j This is compelled to be, in a not far distant mothers. Her tender affection for me has, j period, an important rnilroad centre, and the Pwhaps, boon excessive; but do I not owe to ‘ great distributing point for Southeast Alabama, Ur love, to hor cng3l.liko character, the little Southwest Georgia and West Florida. Already Stodthat belongs to mine?” And still more Uwtifnl and tender is the tribute of Horace Linn, to his revered parent: “She deserves my *°ve,'’ says he, “for her excellencies, and my Pititude for the thousand nameless kindnesses *hieh ghg in the fullness of parental ,,tn derness, bestowed upon me. How often Uve 1 traced her features in that incomparable Ascription of Irving's, of the Widow and her A®. Oh, there is an enduring tenderness in the of a mother to her son!” WilliamRoscoe, English philanthropist and author, makes following acknowledgement of his indebted- to maternal tendorness: “To the instruc ts of a kind and affectionate mother, I be- -■ve I may safely attribnte any good principles •Lich may have appeared in my conduct during l7 e - ’ The Rev. Albert Barnes thus describes 7 s toother's many rare virtues: “She was a ' ""f> tender, affectionate mother. No exertion, -Etching, no self-denial, were ever thought *-o much when the welfare of her children ^for them: nor did age, distance or ab- '^ce, cool that ardor of love and devoted af- ■*tion which burned within her soul for her family.” mother of Lamertine, the French poet author, was a woman of the finest culture Undereat sensibilities ; and it is not strange he should say, as he does, in paying tri- ■ 1 ‘8 to her worth: “My education was wholly •^tered in the glance, more or less serene, and the terminus of tho Southwestern Railroad from Macon, twelve months will find it in daily com munication with Montgomery, from which it has been so long isolated; and communication by rail with Brunswick, the best harbor on the South Atlantic, thence to Savannah, is a “fixed fact.” As a cotton, produce and dry goods mar ket, Enfanla has no superior in any town of similar size, or even larger in Alabama or Geor gia. Tho receipts-of cotton gradually increase from year to year, being last season 25,000 bales, and it is estimated that not less than 27,- 000 will be received, sold and shipped the pres ent—some of which, as last year, has been brought even from Sumter county, Georgia, and Washington county, Florida. Besides the pres ent and projected railroads, Eufanla has com munication by steamboat with the Gulf at Apa lachicola. All these advantages, with its rela tive geographical situation; the productive soil, susceptible of a high degree of cultivation; and large extent of country tributary, filled with a thrifty and enterprising population, promise to make it (germ as it now is) of a large and flour ishing inland city. The Union Female College, on the Dorio- Ionio order of architecture, is situated on * beautiful eminence, commanding a view of the town, and should be fostered by the people, and remain, as it was.intended, a permanent and flourishing institution. The building is com fortable, spacious and commodious, and with no local cause of sickness. The moral, social and educational advantages and influences of Enfan la are unexceptionable. I had almost forgotten to mention the two valuable and indispensable fire companies, to* wit: the Phoenix and the Cleburne, numbering about a hundred and fifty efficient and well drilled members. The engines are of first-rate pattern, and the membership and paraphernalia would do credit to. a larger city, as I learn was demonstrated a few months ago, when tho two companies ODjoyed the hospitality of Macon. Speaking -of the means of checking the fire- fiend, reminds mo that the representatives of that nsoful institution, fire and life insurance, resident and traveling, are hero as elsewhere, “thick as leaves in Vallauibrosa.” Bnt this prosy letter must be closed with the statement that all desirable accessions, with or without capital, to the population of this beau tiful little city will meet with an encouraging welcome. Bnt there is no room for idlers. All who are willing to participate in the race of in dividual and general improvement will be re ceived as so many additions to the productive capacity of the country, though their livelihood be earned “in the sweat of the brow.” As Rath said to Naomi, so feeleth and saith your correspondent of the people of dear old Barbour and Southeast Alabama, many of whom have long since gone to tho “undiscovered country:” “ Thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God: where thou, dicst will I die, and there will I be buried. *** From Barbour County, Alabama. Clayton, Ala., November 1, 1869. Editors Telegraph In my last letter I spoke of a promise which I made in my first epistle, that my next communication should be devoted “to the crops and business in generaL” This was an error on my part, as the original prom ise was, so my own printed words declare, that I would give an account of tho “plans for seve ral important and desirable improvements in the future management of onr public affairs,” and this promise I will now seek to make good. First, if not foremost, I may state that nego tiations are now under way, with every prospect of a speedy and successful consummation, for the establishment, at an early day, of a weekly journal in this place, one that shall bo second to no papor of a similar character at the South. Greater attention will be given to its literary character and to tho proper condensing of local and general news items, than is now customary with onr country editors. The weekly journals of the South ought to carry into the family cir cle a larger amount of literary matter salted to its juvenile members. There is too much “hash” on the outside pages of many of onr weeklies, and too few short stories and interesting articles for women and children. This defect can be remedied without any extra expense and with but little additional editorial labor, by a more careful and systematic condensing of local and general news items, and by the abolishing or * pruning” of fulsome and, in many cases, mean ingless puffs of business establishments and patent medicines. Let these be crowded into closer companionship with the advertising col umns, which is a much more appropriate place for them. Onr citizens are Just mm raising a linerai subscription with which to enlarge, complete and paint both “The Clayton Female College” and “The Clayton Male Academy” buildings. The former institution, which is under the most efficient care of Prof. Johnson, has about sixty pupils, many of them boarding scholars from this and other States. The “Academy,” for the time being, owing to the continued sick ness of the Principal, is under the charge of Mr. Oscar Lone, a young law-student, and son of Dr. Lano of thi3 place. Nor is thisincreased interest in onr schools confined to the secular departments. The Sunday schools of the Bap tist and Methodist Churches havo recently made large gains in their weekly attendance, by the putting forth of new energies, and by the look ing up of absentees and the children of the poor. The Baptist Sunday school has adopted the “class-banner” plan—each class has a distinct ive name—“Infant Songsters”—“Little Reap ers”—“Cheerful Givers”—“Singing Pilgrims”— “Bible Readers” and such like appropriate ap pellations. These names are inscribed on white banners bound and lettered with red, similar in shape to cavalry guidons, which are hung to staffs attached to the end of the seats. This plan, which has been so successful elsewhere, promises to givo a permanent increase to tho interest felt in the success of tho school, and to fill up and multiply the classes. I have previously spoken of the Montgomery and Eufanla railroad, tho survey of which is now fully under way, and the completiorf of which it is expected will largely increase the business in our midst. “It is a safe calcula tion,” says Major-General H. D. Clayton, “ to say that this road will annually receive from Clayton ten thousand bales of cotton, and bring back a corresponding amount of freight from the other direction.” With this road complet ed, giving ns daily communication with Macon, wo shonld send a large delegation to yonr ap proaching State Fair, which is tho subject of much favorable comment by onr planters. To-day the Circuit Court commences a three weeks’ session, Jndge J. McCaleb. Wiley on the bench. This will add numerous and large rein forcements to onr already “small army” of local practitionors, and fill friend Hill’s long and well- furnished tables with a goodly array of legal talent But Richard is always “himself”, and will spare no efforts to surround his guests with every comfort and convenience of a modem “hostlery.” I ought not to omit to mention, that the most of onr lawyers are blessed with military titles. Nearly, if not quite, every one to whom I have had an introduction—I can think of no exception—was a general, colonel, major, or captain; which leads me to suppose that this region must have sent a great many privates to the army, or else that the companies were made up, as were some of our proposed or ganizations, of forty-nine officers and one pri vate. Yours, fraternally, Sidney Hebbebt. Going to Texas.—Between two hundred and fifty and three hundred people left here yester day morning—all emigrating to Texas. Most of them were from Forsyth county, and are for saking the State just as it is emerging from darkness into light, from bitter embarrassment into indntsrial prosperity. What short-sighted ness it is to leave a State that promises so much to go to one that promises so little, at least to the present generation ! We believe it is an er roneous judgment that dictates emigration from Georgia now. No State promises more to in dustrial labor than this does, and men who quit it operate against their own interests. Better to stay in Georgia and help make the old State as errand as she is capable and worthy of being. [Atlanta New Era. Weekly Resume ol Foreign Affairs. PREPARED FOB THE GEORGIA TELEGRAPH. Great Britain.—Gladstone has addressed a letter to the'Presideni of the Amnesty Associa tion in Limerick, explaining the course the gov ernment intends to pursue concerning the mass demonstrations in favor of the Fenian prisoners. He says the members of the government, after having careftjlly perused the many petitions pre sented to then on that subject, had unanimously arrived at tbs conclusion that a release of the prisoners wrtild he opposed to thoir duties as j protectors of tho public peace and safety. In the last sitting of the Social-Scientific Con- ’ gress in Bristol, Mr. Raphael Brandon proposed ‘ a plan for favoring a .uniform reduction of rail- 1 way fares. He suggested to place tho whole [ railway net of the country under tho control of j the government and to IV tho tariff of railway'; travel at ono shilling'febr-fone to ono hundred j and fifty miles for first six pence for sec- I ond, and three pence for third-class passengers. | Sir Samuel Baker writes from Egypt that his . fleet of steamers and sailing vessels has left for ; Chartram. 800 camels are ready to carry across : the desert the English iron steamers which can * be taken to pieces. They are destined for nav- j igation on the Albert Nyanza. The expedition will as well extend tho empire of the Viceroy of Egypt as open new fields to commercial enter prise. The efforts for re-establishing the cable of 1866 have as yet proven fruitless. France.—The 26th of October has passed away and “Caesar” still sits on the throne of France. Marshal Bazaino had received instruc tions to crush any revolutionary movements by the convincing argument of cannon balls and bayonet charges. Paris, with her modem straight, wide boulevards offers a fine opportu nity for displaying a large military force. Tho Emperor feeling, secure under tho rogis of his faithful satellites, drove through Paris on that anxiously looked for day, which the prophets of evil had already compared to the Ides of March. All recent measures of the government most convince France that Napoleon is not sincere in his professions of a liberal and constitutional government. Discontent is fast spreading in all classes of society, and there is no telling what may occur in Paris quite unexpectedly. On all street comers proclamations were visible reminding the Parisians that the prefects and police prefect of Paris, by tho law of 1866, are authorized not to prohibit bnt to adjourn as- sembliesin dangerous times. This has, of course, added new fuel to the already existing dissatis faction. In a discussion of the present situa tion in France, the “Times” thinks the jeolons and illogical course of the government to bo beyond criticism. “Tho Emperor,” tho paper says, “treats the French people as school boys; he keeps the switch before their eyes to intimi date them, bidding them at the same time to enjoy thoir full liberty on the play-ground.” “Le Gaulois” famishes the following descrip tion of “Napoleon the Sick,” “in his dressing room, the Emperor is dressed in a dressing-gown of blue flowery silk, which, being open in front, displays a jacket of flannel, yellowish trowsors, and slippers of maroqnin complete the sick cos tume. He does not] waat the Imperial crown or a wreath of laurels,ynbt ifl^n a algk<teai5.” The price for telegrams has been further re duced. A telegram of twenty words will now only cost one half franc within ono and the same department, and one franc for. whole France. These low rates allow even the poorest to enjoy the benefit of this wonderful invention which has annihilated time and space. According to the “Figaro,” Ex-Queen Isabella has purchased a piece of property for 24,000 franca in Bonnenil, where “Sister Patrocinio” the confessor and evil spirit of tho Queen, to gether with twenty-five other nuns will take up their residence. Isabella has reserved for herself a separate chamber to indulge from time to time in pious meditations. “Senor Marfori,” the “Fi garo” adds sarcastically, “has just nowsnperin- tended the necessary arrangements himself.” The Italian Marquis Villamarina wroto a let ter to Father Hyacinthe before his departure for America, assuring him of tho Marquis’ full and undivided sympathies. The latest fashion of tho Parisian Demi-Monde is to carry a peacock’s feather in tho hand while walking. North German Confederation.—The first of October marks an important era in the progress of Germany. On that day the new regulations with respect to trades and professions came into force in tho North German Confederation, thus ending the struggle which has been carried on for many years between labor and commerce on the one hand and privilege on the other. The new regulations, in connection with other laws lately passed, secure the German nation a free dom in respect to labor and commerce such as but few other States in Europe enjoy. The sessions of tho Prussian Landtag' were hitherto of little interest. In *both Chambers interpellations have been announced respecting the proposed issue of 100,000,000 thalers for the construction of railways by tho Berlin Discount Company, in the form of a lottery loon. The Crown Prince of Prussia had met with a very cordial reception at the Court of Vienna. On his way to the Orient via Venice ho will also pay a visit to Victor Emanuel in Florence. Sewing machines of a quite new construction are now in use in Germany. They are set and kept in motion by a clock-work, which, if wound up, lasts three hours. Tho tiring and injurious task of treading is, therefore, perfectly done away with. Austria.—Tho Austrian review, “Archives of the Marine,” announces that an Italian, Mnra- tori, has offered to sell to tho Emperor Napoleon the secret of a composition intended to neutral ize the destructive effects of the new weapons. The principal component is a sort of felt, mixed with various other substances and thus trans formed into a compaot and adhesive mass. This felt, after being kneaded by powerful machines, then made liquid, and finally cooled, will resist, it is said, even at a short distance, rifle and pis tol balls, bayonet thrusts and sabre strokes. A Chassepot rifle cannot pierce a cuirass made of this material, and it is said to be well adapted for covering the hulls of men-of-war, as a sub stitute for the heavy and costly iron and steal employed at present. The felt plates yield to the impact and the holes made by the shot close of themselves. In the city of Caltaro, Dalmatia, an insnrreo. ion had broken ont which was only suppressed after an obstinate resistance on the part of the Insurgents. Daring the rising they took posses sion of a fort by treachery and put the garrison to the sword. Peace is now re-established. * The Emperor Francis Joseph, will probably witness the inauguration of the Suez Canal, too, after having first paid a visit to the Padishah, in Constantinople. Spain.—Comparative quiet is restored in Spain. The Republican rising is put down. All Republican chiefs who were captured at the head of insurgent bands will probably be shot. Some executions have already taken place. No choice of a King has been made yet The members of the government cannot come to an understanding respecting the future sovereign. Italy.—The French troops in Civita Vecchia make preparations indicating a lengthened oc cupation. The Crown Prince of Prussia has been very well received by the Italians, who owe the pos session of Venice to the battle of Sadowa.. Monotti Garibaldi is recruiting volunteers in the province of Calabria. Ninety-six recruits for the Papal army from Canada had arrived in Rome. Five hundred bishops, among them seven car dinal, are expected for the Council. Russia.—The Empress of Russia, who is con tinually suffering, will pass the winter in Nice. Alexander IE is likewise sick and afflicted with deep melancholy. The two last attempts on his life are said to have made a sinister impression on his mind. Alexander H is a humane mon arch, but the avenging Nemesis seems to cry vengeance for downtrodden Poland. The measures for extinguishing everything Polish continue. In the name of humanity, it is to be hoped that Russian despotism will not snib- cced in reducing to a mere name in history a nation of ten millions of people who boasts of a living language and a fine literature. On the first of October a new law has been published in Warshaw, proclaiming banishment to Liberia, from five to fifteen years, for those who smuggle or pass prohibited pamphlets or papers. Death is the penalty for libels on the Emperor. Turkey.—The Great Powers have declined to recognize tho new Turkish pass regulations, as contrary to tho existing capitalations. A new educational law, issued by the Sultan, declares the elementary instruction to be com pulsory as well for girls os for boys. The pri mary schools will be Mahometan or Christian, according to the population; the higher schools will be common to all creeds. This new law generally is very liberal, indicating another great progress in the reorganization of the Turkish Empire. The Empress of the French had arrived in Cairo. Jabno. Delegates From County Agricultural Societies to the State Fair. Tho following named gentlemen have been chosen by thoir respective county societies dele gates to attend the State Fair: Mitchell County—John A. McGregor, Dr. J. B. Twitty, \V. E. Wilson, Joseph Ellis, John H. Hall, Jonah B. Butler, Dr. Wm. Strother, J. P. Heath, John W. Pearce, B. F. Brimberry. Golaparchee — Monroe County — Dr. D. B. Soarcy, Eden Taylor, Judge J. H. Evans, Dr. A. H. Shi, James Norris, A. L. Perkins, A. F. Holt, J. E. Taylor, J. Howard, E. B. Taylor, J. T. Searcy. 2homas County—W. J. Blewitt, L. C. Bryan, J. G. Diklo, W. D. Mitchell, A. P. Wright, J. R. Alexardov-J i'V'^h^rd, A. T. McIntyre, E. T. Davis, T. F. Jpn^-.j. j. Everett, Wm. Ste- ^»n r 2100c; Haines, i. o.-xnuvra, tr. xx. -Tmwoj, Wm. Hammond, P. G. Mitchell, R. W. Heath, E. Seixas, Daniel A. Horn, Joshua Taylor, B. B. Moore, Joshua Carroll, John L. Parker, Corn A. Powell The West and South. The impression which many people have of tho great prosperity of the Northwest will be somewhat damaged by a look at the actual state of affairs. The farmers are reported as gloomy, ond tho out look is even more gloomy than it has been since 1860. Wheat is going down, down from two dollars to seventy cents in the interior. There is “too much wheat, too little com, too many sheep, a low price for wool, and too many debts,” all these acting to discourage the people. The condition of the Northwest is far worse than the South, where the agricultur al interest is daily becoming stronger and rich er. The secret of this deplorable state of things in the West is tho effect of the enormous taxes, protective tariffs, and tho general unsettled and shaky condition of the financial affairs of the country. It is a singular and significant fact that the Southern credit is better to-day in New York than the Western, and this in spito of all of tho disorganization of labor, reconstruction and poverty. So says the New York Post, and the Tribune, which is as radical as gall, tells ns that “the Southern trade this fall lias been the salvation of New York,” and is, strange to say, willing to accept its salvation from “red-handed traitors, stabbers of the Union and sappers of the foundations of the Republic.” 11, [Nashville Republican Banner. Sad Accident.—We regret to learn of tho sad misfortune of Mr. O. W. Johnson, last Sat urday night on the State Road, at VIning’s Sta tion, between Marietta and the Chattahoochee river. In attempting to get on the train as it was moving off, and just as he made the step to mount,.his foot slipped and threw him off, and the car passing over his left leg, crashed it at tho ankle joint, and, drawing him still further under, crashed the right knee joint. Amputa tion of both legs will be necessary. Mr., John son has been a faithful messenger, most of his time on the State Road, for the last ten or twelve years, doing good service for his employers. He was detached during the war, to run supplies to the army, and as messenger until Atlanta fell the State Road has lost ono who they ought to render support to his family for a time to come, [Borne Daily, 2d w1st. Camilla and Cnthbcrt Railroad. The Thomasville Enterprise gives the names of the Directors of this proposed road, which we copy, viz: Col. James L. Seward, of Thomasville, has been elected President of the Camilla and Outh- bert Railroad, and Capt. W. L. Walthour Sec retary and Treasury, and A. L. Haines, Assis tant. The following gentlemen are the Direc tors : Mr. Joseph Scnlleh, General A. H. Col quitt, Major W. D. Williams, of Baker county; Captain L. W. Walthour, Col. W. M. McLen don, Captain T. O. Lyons and James L. Seward, of Thomasville. The Bbinly Universal—Mobe Triumphs.— Wo have to congratulate onr friends Brinly, Miles & Hardy that deserved success still con tinues to attend them; that more blue ribbons attest their genius; that silver medals are roll ing in upon them, and better still that the de mand for the Brinly Universal Plow is steadily increasing, as is the demand for all his patents. A great triumph was achieved at' the Arkansas State Fair the other day. The Brinly Univer sal took the first premium oVer all competitors, and there was opposition from Pittsburg, Cin cinnati and tho Jeffersonville penitentiary—the latter branded “Kentucky,” which is a forgery and a swindle. The first preminm was also taken, last week, at the fair held in Jacksonville, Alabama. Mr. Brinly has nothing to fear in the way of rivalry, here or anywhere else. — Louisville Daily Evening Bun, Oct. 22<L Ex-Senator Yulee is now President of the Florida Railroad, and as snch offers to give eligible sites for the erection of Bchool-honsea. wherever they shall be needed along the line of the road. IMMIGRATION. Us Causes, its Direction and its Valne to this Country. At the meeting of the “American Association on Social Science,” in New York City, on the 27th nit., Frederick Kapp, Esq., read the fol lowing paper: * Tho reason why people emigrate is because they are persecuted either by the ruling powers or by the social evils. Only thei poor and the politically or the religiously disappointed emi grate. The United States owes its power and wealth to the conflux of tho poor and outcast of Europe; to the farmer and mechanic who suc ceeded the lazy discoverers. During the last century emigrants were, so poor that they con tracted for their passage ( and small loans, which they repaid on their arrival in temporary servi tude. The shipowners charged high rates, to which were added 100 per cent, for the risk, and the emigrant suffered in proportion. Young peo ple had to serve for their old parents and sur vivors for those of their family who died on the passage. Adults had to serve three years, and children from ten to fifteen years, until they became of age; smaller children were without charge surrendered to their masters, who had to raise and board them. A ship’s passengers, up on arrival in New York and Philadelphia, were sold to the highest bidder. Robnst farmers and sturdy mechanics - went off well, bnt military officers and scholars were unsalable. The low er classes generally got along well, bnt they were sometimes treated very brutally. The more a man was educated the worse for him. Parents sold their children to remain free them selves ; young people about to marry had to pay five or six pounds for each farther year they would have to serve, although a steerage passen ger never cost more than ten pounds; runaway servants were obliged to serve one week for each day, ono month for each week, and six months for every month they were absent. A master might sell his servant for the unexpired term of his temporary slavery. 'The last sales were in Philadelphia in 1818 and 1819. From 1775 to 1815, emigration was very slim on account of the American Revolution and the Euiopean wars. Not more than 3,000 to 4,000 per annum arrived during this period. When peace was re-established, it took a fresh start. The fam ine of 1816 and 1817 gave the first powerful impetus to a larger German emigration. In 1827 there were 11,952 emigrants from the United Kingdom, against 7,709 in 1S26, and in 182S there were 17,840. In 1829 the number sank to 10,594, and in 1830 3,874. The increase was the same in every year of great distress, or revolution, or national distrust. During the decade from 1845 to 1854, inclusively, Ireland sent 1,512,100 emigrants to this country, bnt after that her quota has fallen off to less than one-half tho average of the last ten years. The failure of the revolution of 1849-51 drove im mense numbers of Germans over, but the great est number came in 1854. From 1845 to 1854, in clusively, the number of German emigrants was 1,226,392. In like manner emigration falls off as the chances of success in the United States grow less. The worse the times in Europe, the larger the emigration; the worse the times ih America, the smaller the emigration. Emigrants prefer the United States to other countries equally fertile, beautiful and easy of access, be cause the soil is cheap, labor is better remuner ated, and the government does not interfere with them. A colonist must be his own master in order to fully develop his physical and men tal resources, and to help in building up a free commonwealth. The Teutonic races represent the successful principle of self-government, and the Latin nations tho unsuccessful one of State dependence and protection. It was from no whim that the emigrant avoided the Southern States while they were cursed with slavery; it was because they had no civil liberty. Their natural advantages are in many instances much superior to those of the Northern States, and henceforth a tide of emigration will flow into the T amount^ mou^taS'witKBfm,' and the average of 142,342 new comers was found'to be §68 08. But tins was abandoned, as it was found that the fnll amounts were not truly sta ted. It was shown, however, that on the aver age they possessed a larger snm than is held by the localized residents of any known commu nity. It is estimated that the German emi grants alono brought into this country annually an average of about $11,000,000. Each one has clothing, tools, and valuables, also, the value of which with his cash capital amounts to $150, (a low estimate,) so, as 250,000 emigrants arrived in New York in 1859, the national wealth was augmented that year by $37,500,000. An emigrant is worth just as much to this country ns it costs to produce a native bom laborer of the same average ability; hut tho net product of his labor, by which the country of his adop tion grows and flourishes, varies according to his intellectual capacity, hereditary disposition and national qualities. It is calculated that an American farmer or skilled laborer costs $1,500 for the first fifteen years of his life, or until he becomes self-supporting; and a female S750. One-fifth of the emigrants are less than fifteen, years old, but. then there are more men arriving than women, and very many are of the higher order of skilled labor, tho education of whom costs here five times $1,500. Taking them, how ever, to bo half male and half female, each one will bo worth $1,125 to this country, which it gains free of expense. The number of emi grants who, from May 5, 1847. to Jan. 1, 1859, arrived at tho port of New York, was 4,038,- 991, which number represents a capital val ue of $1,125, and a cash value of $150, be ing $1,275 in all per head, or a total increase to the national wealth of $5,149,713,525. As suming the immigration into the whole Union to be300,000 souls per year, the conn- try gains $482,500,00 per year, or more than $1,000,000 per day. Without emigration the yearly inorease of the population by excess of births and deaths is about 1.38, while the actual increase from 1840 to 1850 was 35.87, and from 1850 to 1860, 35.59 per cent.; and we must un derstand that a large proportion of the births ara of the children of former emigrants. Had emigration been stopped in 1825, there would have been very little numerical change ih the papulation in 1865. Immigration, therefore, has pushed the country forward forty years in national progress, and the increase in all tho de partments of national progress has been in ex act ratio to the increase of population. Immi gration is a matter of State concern alone. It is argued that Congress should take it in charge, and that the commutation money of $2 50 per head, collected at the principal ports of entry, shonld be distributed pro rata among the seve ral States. New York, where five-sevenths of the emigrants are landed, is especially attacked; yet this State is the only one which has organ ized a proper system for the protection of immi gration. It took a long time to perfect it, how ever. Formerly emigrants were treated like brntes and shamefully robbed, bnt at last the community saw that it suffered as much as the emigrants by this, and the Board of Commis sioners of Emigration was appointed on the 5th of May,1847. The Commissioners, whoserve gratuitously, are the guardians of a fund created by jhe commutation money of $2 50 per head, which the emigrant has a right to fall back upon. Last year the receipts amounted to a little more than $670,000, and the Commission ers now hold in trust on Ward’s Island a proper ty valued at $2,000,000, and are perfectly able to provide for emigrants in all eases of necessi ty. The expenses last year were: For Salaries, rent, repair, etc., of Castle Garden, $J20,000; to hospitals for care of emigrants, $100,000 and for 11,513 inmates of hospitals and refugees on Ward’s Island, $230,000. It is true that only ten to fifteen per cent of the whole 'number of emigrants apply for support, but the free land ing of their baggage.the protection against fraud or imposition, facility of procuring passage tick ets and correct weighing of baggage are worth more than $2.50. Besides, the emigrant in oase of sickness when he remains five years after his arrival has the rightof admission to the hospitals on Ward’s Island, and he is taken care of when destitute. Congress has only the right to protect the emigrant on the high seas; after he lands, his case is purely a police regulation,. in whioh the State alone Is interested. If Congre ss shonld take hold of him, his case would soon become the subjeot of political chicanery, and the result may be imagined. About fifty percent, of all new comers ^o to the country, and of these again about seventy-five per cent, go to the WeBt, so that in proportion to its size and popnlation, New York- derives less benofit from immigration than the Western States. The healthy, industrious and wealthy emigrant gen erally goes West dr South, and the worthless one remains behind. The Board of’ Emigra tion prevents disease from spreading all over the country. It is specially important that the emigrant shonld not be imposed upon, as he then loses his elasticity of mind and trust in his new relations, and becomes more of a bur den than a source of profit. The emigrant is still shamefully abused in his transit to this country, and Congress shonld endeavor to effect some international treatise for hia protection. It has a fine opportunity now in the offer of the North German Confederation. Let it be done as soon as possible. Agricultural Fairs. The Baltimore San, referring to the recent State Fair of Maryland, speaks es. follows : Among the legitimate means for, the promo tion and advancement of agricalture, tho corn er-stone of all the other useful arts of life, there are none more popular, and whioh seem better adapted to enlist public favor in its behalf, than snch agricultural exhibitions as that of the Mary-.. land State Fair which was held near this city this week, and which closed yesterday. A uni ted effort at fostering-this great interest, which brings together people from all sections and lo calities of the State, is not only useful in dis playing to general observation the results of im proved agricultural production and mechanical invention, and of giving opportunity for an in vestigation and disoussirm of questions of in dustrial interest, but promotes social intercourse and a sense of common fellowship between citi zens of all localities and all vocations, affording ' thereby at least one neutral ground upon which, in these days of Rectioaal and political animosi ties, the asperities of local and partisan, rivalries can be counteracted, and, for the time.at least, merged in a common cause, and one of more vi tal and practical moment than any of party or section. Following upon a period ef political convulsion, in which men have exhausted their energies in works of destruction,exhibitions like that referred to are of beneficent influence in. leading men to open their eyes to the great duty of the hoar, the restoration of the material com fort and prosperity of .the State and country. Agricultural fairs in the neighborhood of. great cities have also the advantage of interest ing and enlightening upon the subject of agri culture large and influential populations which, v - from the nature of .their vocations do not per haps appreciate as it deserves the indispensa ble value of agriculture to the general welfare, ''especially those in which they are themselves engaged, and the consequent importance of en couraging and fostering it by their friendly countenance and energetic co-operation. The operations and trinmphs of commerce, are- con stantly before the inhabitants of, cities, apd the arrivals and departures of large ships are exult- ingly observed and heralded in the public jour nals, while the production of the fruits of the soil, withwhich they are laden, and bntforwhicli our harbors would be solitary, wastes, receive bnt a small share of their consideration. In like manner the manufactories speak for them selves by the occupation they give to resident artisans and the fabrics which they daily sup. * ply for the wants and necessities of the com munity, bnt the cultivation of the great staples which'keep them in motion is too remote from tho sphere of their observation to awaken its due proportion of public interest-. The changes of weather, watched by farmers with so much solicitude, are only felt by citizens as they af fect their personal comfort. A long drought only incommodes them by .its dust, or a heavy rain by the unpleasantness of wet streets. Axtr nnal agricultural fairs, held at their doors, en- and to see how’l'no'shccess of"afiVniiferiniff “isH- ployments is involved in agriculture,, and how residents of cities are concerned as much as any one in improving its processes and making it as efficient as possible. When city and conn- try are thus brought together, both are made to feel their mutual dependence. Whilst cities are brought face to face with those great facts of natnre in which they are so vitally concerned, the active co-operation with the agricultural in terests of the great centres of oapital and busi ness activity, which can best be promoted by this contact, is of the highest importance to tha successful cultivation of the soil. Thus it is that au agricultural festival, like that held this week in our neighborhood, has had the effect of producing something more than a gay and in spiriting exhibition, and must result in frnita which will be of value when its merely festiva and ornamental accompaniments are forgotten. Internal Revenue Collections. Under the operations of the new law, which provided a more rigid and efficient means for the collection of the internal revenue of the government, it has been ascertained, from a statement just made up that the receipts from this source have recently been largaly increased. These results are what may have been natural ly expected - as well from the more perfect ma chinery of the now law as the increased experi ence gained by the officers enforcing its pro visions. The receipts from internal revenue for the two quarters of the years T 868 and* 1869, comprised between the 31st of March aad the 30th of September in each year, were - 1869 - -.$106,477,424 82 1868 85,052,227 20 Increase in 18C9.-.,_...............$21,^420,197 62 During the months of July, August and Sep tember of 1868 the receipts from internal reve nue in the third collection district of Maryland (comprising the 13 upper wards of Baltimore city from the eighth to the twentieth, both in clusive) amounted to $706,200, and during the same months of the present year they aggrega ted $988,300, showing an increase ih the three months of $2S2,100. In the item, of spirits there is a gain in the collection in the three months of 1869 of $29,200, and on tobacco of $216,400. In the third Virginia district (Richmond), for the months of July, August and September, 1868, the receipts were $172,800; I860, for same months, $024,200; gain $457,400 ; of these amounts there was an apparent loss on spirits of $57,600, and a gain on tobacco of $497',900. In the fourth Virginia District (Manchester), for the same months as above of 1868, the. receipts were $14,500; I860, same months, $21,600; gain $7,100; of these amounts the gain on spi rits was $8,400 ; on tobacco there was an appa rent loss of $2,300. In the fifth Virginia dis trict (Lynchburg), for the three nusnths above mentioned of 1863, the receipts were $36,000; 1869, same months, $439,600; gain $403,6001 on spirits $4,900; on tobacco $894,400. In the sixth Virginia district (Staunton), for the three months of 1868, the receipts were $30,200; 1869, same months, $43,300; gain $13,100; on spirits the gain was $11,800on tobacco $3,900. In the seventh Virginia district (Alexandria), for the three months of 1368, the receipts were $S0,700; for 1869, same months, $34,100; total gain $3,400;'on spirits $i,600, and on tobacco $800. The returns for September, 1869, not having —a '- 1DX «—*—j-_._-.i_ .v_ been received from the following districts, the comparison is made on the collections for July and August only in the two yearg.? Second Virgi nia district, (Norfolk,) for the months of July and August, 1868, the receipts were $35,200; 1869, same months, $80,700—gain $12,100. There was an apparent loos on spirits of $1,600, and 1 gain on tobaoeo of $185,300. Virst West Vir ginia district, (Wheeling,)for 1868, the receipt*, were $48,300; 1869, same months, $60,700— gain $12,400; with an apparent loss on spirits of $6,S0Q, and a gain on tobacco of $14,400.— Baltimore Bun. Ws are informed that most of the dele gates to the Maeon State Fair, appointed by the Riohmond County Agricultural Society, will ao- oept the appointment and be present Instead' of stopping at hotels crowded to suffocation,- the delegat' out legation will «$opt army style end®gift !£V> SI*-"*•**{; »...•->! ■■ •’ - jj -• ** 'Ay **$ sbriJ '