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The Cxeorgia, '^V r eekly Telegraph. the telegraph. MACON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER'S, I860. State Pair- Tents—Important Notice. 0mat State Aqbicultural Society, > Macon, Ga., October 28,18G9. > The Secretary of the State Agricultural Socie ty is pleased to announce that the application made through CoL Morrill, to the Secretary of War, with the approving endorsement of Gen. Terry, in command of the Department of Geor gia, Alabama and Florida, for United States ar my tents for the nse of the County Agricultural Societies, has been granted. The Societies will be permitted theu6e of them by the payment of the expenses of transportation—probably not $2 per tent It is believed there will be enough of these tents to accommodate the students of the Uni versities and Colleges of the State, who come as such in bodies, and report to the Secretary. David W. Lewis, Secretary. Conobessional Thieves. —A contributor to the Atlantic Monthly shows that a session of Con gress costs $4,000,000. Among other items the country has to pay its legislators for scissors, snuff, hair-brushes, and extra-morocco desks. A dead Congressman cost for transportion a short distance no less than $2,144 G5. Tho Sergeant-at-Arms frequently makes $500 a day onthecallofthe House. A Congressmancanseud under frank, anything from a pair of boots to a paper collar. Tho most startling item of all, found in the record of contingent expenses, is this: 12 cotton stay-laces, $G.” Signs and Wondees in the Heavens.—The fact that dazzling meteors, like locomotive head-lights, are rushing to and fro over Penn sylvania and Ohio, bursting, fizzing and zipping with a beautiful crash and roar, and leaving an awful fiery trail and sulphurous stench behind them, should make the Radicals pause in their mad career. They may laugh at these awful portents if they please, but the heavens are agin ’em, beyond a doubt. IH j Mississippi and Tennessee Railroads.—A movement is on foot to consolidate the Missis sippi and Tennessee Railroad with the Missis sippi Central Railroad, and it is said it is de signed to unite the Mississippi road, now built, with the Tennessee and Mississippi m Central roads and place the line nnder the control of CoL Samnel Tate, President of the Southern Railroad Association. The Colapaechze Agbicultubal Club.—We copy from the Monroe Advertiser some interest ing transactions of tho Colaparchee Agricultural Club, which do great credit to the planters of that neighborhood. These records are of a highly practical and valuable character and show what great good agricultural clubs could accomplish if only carried on with proper ener gy and spirit. The New York public schools showed the last of September an attendance of 87,234 pupils. Number registered 101,047, This is for the month. The expenses from September 3d to October 7th, were $283,892. For the year end ing October, the expenses wero $2,185,730. Tho total number taught was 218,730 pupils. The estimate for 1870 was $3,512,214. The New York Sunday Times says that Mrs. Stowe “has completed her rejoinder to the critics of tho press of this country and Europe, on her Byron article, and will proceed, in a few days, to her home in Florida. She has con cluded arrangements for embarking upon an enlarged literary enterprise.” Tennessee.—The House Judiciary Committee of the Tennessee Legislature have reported a .... . v ~ — yrzapiei, to pro vide for suffrage on the part of tho whites of that State. Is it possible they will remember how to vote, or must they inquire of tho ne groes? A oabefei. canvass of the opinions of the Cabinot regarding the Cuban question develops thefnetthat Secretary Fish and Attorney-General Hoar are the only members who are opposed to a speedy recognition of the new republic. A machinist belonging to the arsenal at Na ples has invented an instrument, which ho calls an Amismograph, which indicates with precision the velocity at which a vessel is traveling, tho changes in the direction, and the deviation in the compass. Fbom Gbuttn.—A splendid Episcopal charch is to be bnilt in Griffin—cathedral-shaped, in the form of a cross, and of solid granite. The smoke-house of CoL A. D. Nunally was burned, with its entire contents, last Friday. If he lost much bacon, he has our sympathies. Febsons wishing to invest capital in lands will do well to examine the advertisement of John Wm. Boyd, Receiver. Ho will sell in Greenville, valuable lands, mills and water pow er, on the first Tuesday in December next. Reduced.—The Augusta Factory and Granite- ville Manufacturing Company’s goods have been reduced in price; now selling J shirting, lie.; $ shirting, 13c.; 4-4 shirting 15c., and drills 15J. Cotton Seed Meat..—An experienced Dairy man near Mobile, says that cotton seed meal in creased the milk from his cows five gallons in one week. He considers it a most excellent feed for milch cows. Anotheb Gin-house Bubned.—The Opelika Locomotive says: “The gin-house, together with about forty-five bales of cotton, belonging to Mr. A. A. Burton, of Macon county, was con sumed by fire on Thursday last. The fire was accidentaL "Whebe the Countebfett Money Goes.—An exchange says: “Tho question what becomes of all tho counterfeit currency is solved. It finds its way to "Wisconsin and is paid out to the Indians for cranberries.” The Eatonton Press and Messenger advocates the building of a railroad from Eatonton to Madi son. Then, it says, passengers from Macon may make a direct trip to Cincinnati on almost an air-line, when the Cincinnati and Knoxville i or Chattanooga Road is built. Some people in Maine say that just before they felt the shock of the earthquake on Friday morning, they noticed a livid glare suddenly ap pear in the sky, although the heavens at the time were quite dark, and it was raining. It is rumored that ex-President Davis is to become President of a Life Insurance Company in Memphis, and. to reside at Hernando, Missis sippi. Hon. Felix Labonve, of Hernando, has subscribed $1,000 for a fond to aid him. Rich Country. — An - enthusiastic Terian writes North that beef there is.two cents apound, and butter and milk cost nothing. Two persons are at law about tho costody of the key of a Sunday School library,, in Indiana. The costs have already reached the valueof three hundred and thirty-three keys. The New York Express wants the laws against indecent publications enforced against Mrs. Stowe's proposed renewal of the Byron con troversy. Jci The total profits of the Peace Jubilee at Bos ton are stated at $0882, and the. Execntive Com mittee have decided to give that to Mr. Gilmore, in addition to the $32,000 from the benefit oon- Getsip upon t he Kitnatiou in Georgia. Continuing our desultory thoughts of yester day, we may remark thatyyith the grand revival of Georgia agriculture an. increased request and value of lands is apparent everywhere. It is the vast ara% of unoccupied Southern lands alone which prevents them from bearing a higher price to-day than the Western lands. A Western acre in a neighborhood affording con venient, speedy and cheap access to market and the ordinary means of social improvement and enjoyment, is worth say a hundred dollars, and will bring annually in com or wheat a value of about thirty to thirty-five dollars, tilled by labor which costs the proprietor at least $1 50 per day. A Southern acre, similarly situated, is worth ten dollars, and as carefully tilled and manured as its Western competitor, would bring $250 per annum, with labor which costs the planter seventy-five cents per day. There has rarely been found in the world such property as South ern lands now are—when well selected and ju diciously handled. There is not, in the wide world, such a business as cotton-growing at this time. An active business, yielding a net reve nue on capital invested of thirty-three and a third per cent., is not often to be fonnd on the lists of trade or manfactnres. But what per centum will you assign to capital invested in cotton growing—wielded with energy and judg ment, and attended with ordinarily favorable fortune ? Suppose a man cultivates 200 acres of laud in cotton, worth, at ten dollars an acre, $2,000—employs laborers on it at a cost of $2,000 more—and stock, tools, ntensils, stock supplies, worth $3,000 more—and fertilizers worth $3,000 more—all looking to liberal plant ing and high culture—and produces 200 bales of cotton, worth $25,000, what per centum has he made on his investment? In the nature of things, it is impossible that tho results of Southern planting shall not be far more actively felt than now npon the valuo of land, notwithstanding the immense area of it still unoccupied and open to such investments as these. Hence we see that a Southern laud fever is developing among our people with much rapidity, and wo feol certain that it is destined to spread to other sections of the Union. One of the most notable aspects of the situa tion in Georgia, just now, is the headlong pro gress of internal improvements in the shape of railroads. There are now about seven hun dred and fifty miles of new railway in actnal course of construction in Georgia, all of which will be completed within from ayear to eighteen months, in all human probability. These improvements are going on principally under Northern auspices, and exhibit a remark able degree of confidence in the financial and industrial future of this State. They involve an investment of not less than ten millions of dol lars, at least seven millions of which will bo dis bursed in Georgia. Among all these roads there is not one winch has not an independent func tion, which should mako it paying stock, and every one of them is needed for the convenience and trade of tho country. "When these lines in actual course of construction are completed Georgia will rank as the third or fourth State of the Union in the number of her miles of railway, and have made, as it were amid the desolations of war and the straits of almost universal insol vency, a rate of progress in internal improve ment almost withont example even in this fast age. These railways are destined to give an extra ordinary impetus to tho trade, population and activity of the State, and while they may, to some extent, confose old established channels of trade and intercourse, they will open many new avenues to industry and enterprise, and wake up the people to new life and energy. This is what we need. "We must get out of tho old ruts and adapt ourselves to the exigencies, the demands and the opportunities of our new ~- TTT - J A «nu/iili7 fn old ideas, which are. for all practical purposes, exploded. Let us open our eyes and seo tho great changes going on in spite of ourselves, and adapt our ideas, habits and enterprises to the new order. manures Needed on the Mississippi Bottoms. The New Orleans Picayune, speaking of the partial failure of the cone and cotton crops on the Mississippi bottoms which has been attribu ted to drought, worms, etc., etc., says; Such are the reasons given. But wo fear that these are not all; and that either deficient cul tivation or the deterioration of tho soil has much to do with it. If these feara are well grounded, we shall have the same story to repeat year by year, until planting will be as unprofitable in the South as farming has proven in other “worn” and ill-tilled States. True, we have the “inexhaustible” alluvion of the Mississippi bottoms; but experience has shown that even these need the restorative and re-invigorating influences of manure to make gardening perpetually productive, and they, even more than the uplands, require the use of the most careful mechanical working-up to make plants healthful and productive; their very te nacity and strength, their self-preservative, levelness and depth, and their moisture, make it necessary that all the appliances of cultiva tion should be fully used to bring their produc tive strength into operation, and to retain what ever need not be expended, so that there may be an interminable continuance of the same. Planters, therefore, even in tho bottoms, should not look upon the deterioration of their crops as altogether owing to special annoyances of tiie season, bnt to defective culture as well. Part of this is owing to the nature of the labor they employ. The negro, was clumsy and neg ligent in a state of slavery, is now apt to add to this indifference, if notan invincible unwilling ness to be careful and conservative of the wants of the plantation. Ho works for the present crop alone and not for the future, and he is natu rally and by long misedneation unable to appre ciate the use of better tools and better modes of cultivation. If the planter could supply himself with more intelligent labor he could remedy these defects; bnt as tho supply of white labor can only be hoped for in small installments and by specially favored persons, the best the general planter can do is to give his personal attention to the matter, and by selecting tho mostintelligentand willing among the negroes to nse the improved implements and modes of cnlture, to do bis ut most to restore to his lands their wonted pro ductiveness and rightful yield of cotton su gar, etc. . ' " ; Now, the Mississippi bottoms, which present an unknown depth of nearly pure vegetable mould, might well be said, of all lauds on the continent, to be the least in need of fertiliza tion. But in truth it is precisely such lands which best display the wonderful effects of stimulating manures. Let a man give his rich swamp alluviums a heavy dressing of super phosphate or Peruvian Guano, and he will see wonders of productiveness. The soil being full of all the organic elements of vegetation, tho guano brings its productive powers into full activity, and the comparative results are even mole satisfactory than npon sandy uplands which are deficient in organic matter. The ex perience of all enlightened fanners is, that there itfno arable soil upon which a judicious application of fertilizing agents is not a profit able investment. Who is It?—The Sumter Americas Republi can says : On Drr.—That a prominent- gentleman of Ma con is soon to lead to the altar one of our most highly admired belles. The names are to be kept secret for a few days yet, but we promise our readers a genuine surprise. Of the German watering places, Baden-Baden has had the largest number of visitors this year, 49,276 ; Wiesbaden stood next with 38,14G, and Teplitz, with 20,179. A newly-mabbied couple reached Detroit Thursday, on their bridal tour, of whom the bridegroom was not over sixteen while the bride WM fully fairly. The Yerger Case. Opinion' of Ciller Justice chase. The Richmond Dispatch of the 2Gth has the following, extended telegraphic synopsis of the decision of the Supreme Court in the Yerger habeas corpus case: Washington, October 25.—In the Supreme Court to-day-Chief Justice Chase delivered an able and unanswerable opinion in the case of Edward M. Yerger. The flimsy sophistries of the Attorney-General in defence of military trials of civilians were completely overturned, and the Constitution recognized as the supreme law of the land. The following leading points in the luminous opinion of the Chief Justice will be read with interest: The petitioner, f Edward M. Yerger, applied to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of Mississippi for a writ of habeas corpus in order to be removed from tho custody of certain military officers who, under the name of a military commission, were trying the petitioner for the crime of murder, he be ing a private citizen of the State of Mississippi, and never having been connected with “tho ar my or navy of the United-States, or with the militia in active service, in time of war or in vasion. After hearing the case the Circuit Court ad judged that the imprisonment of the petitioner was lawful, and ordered that the writ of habeas corpus he dismissed, and the petitioner to be remanded to tho custody of tho military. To obtain the reversal of this order and relief from continued imprisonment, the petitioner applied to this court for a writ of habeas corpus. The argument before thin court was upon the question of jurisdicton. [After an Interesting sketch of the origin and history of the writ of habeas corpus, tho Chief Justice proceeded to state the grounds upon which they held tho ju risdiction of the court, j The great writ of habeas corpus found perma nent sanction in the Constitution in these words: “Tho privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not bo suspended except when, in cases of rebel lion or invasion, the public safety may require it.” The terms of this provision necessarily imply judicial action. Wo find, therefore, that the first Congress under the new Constitution enacted that all “the courts of the United States shall have power to issue writs of scire facias, habeas corpus,” eto. In the same section it was further provided “that either of tho Justices of tho Su preme Court shall have power to grant writs of habeas corpus for the purpose of inquiry into the cause of commitment,” etc. The Supreme Court, therefore, under the act of 1789, and subsequent acts, giving jurisdiction in cases of habeas corpus, may, in the exercise of its appellate power, revise the decisions of an inferior court, and relieve from unlawful im prisonment, except within some limitations made by Congress. It remains to inquire whether the present case is a proper one for such interpretation.— In othar words, can this court inquire into the lawfulness of detention, and relieve from it if found unlawful, when the detention complained "of is not by civil authority under a commitment mado by the Inferior Court, but by military officers, for trial before a military tribunal, after examination into the cause of detention by tho Inferior Court, resulting in an order re manding the prisoner to custody ? The action which we are asked to revise was that of a tribunal whoso decisions are subject to re vision by this court. "We have carefully considered the argument against it, and are satisfied that the affirmative doctrine heretofore maintained is sound. The great and leading intent of tho Constitu tion and the law must be kept strictly in view. That intent in respect to the writ of habeas cor pus is manifest. It is that every citizen may be protected by judicial action from unlawful im prisonment. This court, in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction, may, by the writ of ha beas corpus, aided by the writ of certiorari, re vise the decision of the Circuit Court, and if it is found unwarranted by law, relieve the pris oner from the unlawful restraint to which he has been remanded. It has been suggested that the act of 1789, so far as it provides for the issuing of writs of ha beas corpus by this court, was repealed by the act of 1867. If it repealed the act of 1879, it does so by implication; and any implication which would give to it this effect upon the act of 1789, would give it the same effect upon the acts of 1833 and 1842. If ono was repealed, all were repealed. Our conclusion is that none of the acts prior to 18G7 authorizing this court to exercise appel late jurisdiction by means of the writ of habeas corpus wero repea61iehw,‘-he act of 1807. We can oome to no other' . ^toout holding tZiat, mo ituwo appellate jurisaiotinn —r court in cases of liabeos corpus, recognized by law and exercised from the foundation of the government hitherto, has been taken away with out the expression of such intent, and by mere implication, through the operation of the acts of of 18G7 and 18G8. The question now decided would come before us regularly upon a motion to dismiss tho peti tion for want of jurisdiction. That motion was not made; but, upon the suggestion of tho At torney General, the conrt directed the point of jurisdiction to bo argued as a preliminary ques tion. Being satisfied on this point, tho proper order will be that the cause be set for hearing upon the petition and affidavits, and this order will be entered. Koopniaiischnp and Ills Chinese. The letter which we published on Friday from from our New Orleans correspondent show thats the problem of the introduction of Chinese la bor into the South and the Southwest has at length been practically solved. The agents of Koopmansehap have already closed contracts for some four or five shiploads of Chinese im migrants, to delivered at Key West by the Pa cific Mail Steamship Company. One of those agents is now on his way to Hong Kong in order to complete the necessary arrangements for thorougly testing Chinese labor in Louisiana in tho coming spring. Ho is accompanied by Tye Kim Arr, a native of Hong Kong, educated in England, who has been for some years a resi dent along the banks of the Mississippi, and is thorongbly familiar with tho soil, the crops and the capabilities of Louisiana. Tyo Cim Arr will engage tho services of the best laborers of the class familiar with tho kind of cultivation that is most profitable in Louisiana—namely, rice and sugar. The terms of the contracts, which are drawn np for five years, seem to bo just and liberal, both as to rations and pay. Should this test experiment succeed—and wo hardly see how it can fall—it will bo difficult to estimate the effect which it will havo on the future of Louisiana and on Chinese immigra tion to the Southern and Southwestern States. Most of tho early shipments will find immediate employment on tho rice and sugar lands in the vicinity of Bayou Lafourche. Doubtless furth er shipments will soon be demanded, in order to reclaim the vast tracts of swampy land avail able for rico cnlture in that State amounting to not less than three hundred thousand acres.— The climate and soil of Louisiana produce a description of rice worth at least five per cent a pound more than any East Indian importation. “The only thing lacking,” says our correspon dent, “is labor. That the coolie immigration will supply.” He adds, moreover, that “the negroes are already becoming alarmed” at the prospectof competition with their Asiatio rivals. And he appends a curiously suggestive cnli which has been issued for a colored convention “to consider the best means of promoting tho agricultural interests of the colored race and to prevent the introduction of coolie laborers into Louisiana.” But this coll is too late to effect the latter purpose, however effectually it may lead to the former. The introduction of Chi nese labor, signally useful as it has already proved to be in California, notwithstanding all obstacles, and particularly in hastening tho completion of the Pacific Railroad—one of the most gigantic and influential of modem enter prises—must even now be regarded as un fait accompli. Its consequences will bo incaloulably important. Among the earliest of these conse quences will be the vital warning to tho South ern colored population, which hRS beon consid erably diminished since its emancipation, and has become fearfully demoralized by the trioks and honied deceits of Radical carpet-baggers. Sambo can no longer hope that forty acres and a mule, with a seat in Congress, will be the sure rewards of idleness and roguery. "When he shall be brought, as he soon will be, into close competition with tho frugal and industrious John Chinaman, he must mako np’his mind to work or starve.—-V. Y. Herald, 25th How To Do It.—A short time ago a " whale The Colaparchee Agricultural Club. From the Monroe Advertiser. Colapabohee, October 13th, 18G9. The Colaparchee Agricultural Club met at the usual hour this morning, and was called to order by the President, Dr. Searcy. The Sec retary, Dr. Shi, being absent, W. E. H. Searcy was elected Secretary pro. tern. After the usual preliminaries the Society was reported ready, for business. The question, “Is there as many bolls per stalk of the five lock cotton as of the four lock kind ?” was the first to engage the attention of the Club, and was decided, after reports of actnal experiments from Messrs. E. Taylor and D. B. Searcy, in the affirmative. This action, in conjunction with that of a previous meeting settles the point that tho five lock bolls produce more cotton per boll and per stalk than the other kind. THE OIANT WONDER. Further and Interesting Details. The Northern papers are all agog concerning the colossal statue recently discovered in Onon daga county, New York. Dr. Boynton has written a letter on the subject, in which he says: On a careful examination, lam convinced that it is not a fossil, but was out out from a piece of ‘stratified sulphate of .lime known as the- Onon daga gypsum. ■ If it were pulverized or ground, a farmer would call it plaster. It was quarried probably somewhere in this county from our gypsum beds. The layers are of different col ors—dark and light. The statue was evidently designed to.lie on its_back, or partially so,, and represents a" dead person in a position he would naturally assume, when dying. The body lies nearly upon, the back, the right side a little «. “WtoM, W, .ho he.aie.ni.eUilll. lotto ri 8 h,. mTsnbS of toe petals discussed is as the right foot a little lower, showing plainly that follows; F the statuo was never designed to stand erect 1. There are two kinds of wheat-the white down J? th | and the red. Many other kinds, called by fancy * ef - t side of the body, the fore arm ana hand names, are in our midst, but all these may be v 6U3 .£ ^ tbe bod J- The right classed under the above division. Either of hand rests ashort distance below the umbilicus, these wheats is good enough for our purpose— tbe bttl ° fin 8 er spreading from the others, furnishing us with bread whereof to eat. reaching nearly to the pubes. The whole statue 2. In selecting wheatfor seed, cull the largest evidently represents the position that a body of the earlier ripening heads, as like produces nablrab y* ba departure iff life, like, and the earlier the on*, the better and Tber ® 18 perfect harmony m the different heavier the grain. proportions of the different parts of the statue. 3. "Wheat should be sown in a soil which has featares are strictly Caucassiau having not clay for its basis-a “loamy soiL” There the high cheekbones of the Indian type neithcr should not be too much clay/however, as this the outlines ofthen«» race,nndbeingontirely species of soil is known to absorb and retain f» bke any etatuary yet discovered of Aztec or water, which, when subjected to the “ cold and Indlan <®S“i The chin is magnificent and gen- chilly winds of December,” might not havea er °? s ; * ha eyebrow, or superciliary ridge, is very salutary Cffeohupon the grain. well arched: the mouth is pleasant; - the brow 4. The land shjtaiabe subsoilod and well pul- and forehead noble, and tho Adam’s Apple” vorised. It mattbk not whose plough is used, has a full development. so it does the work desired. The statue, being .coUossal and masave, 5. The manure should be strewn broadcast, strikes the beholder with a feehng of'awe. Some and, in addition, in the drill, if the wheat is to P or £ ons °* tbo f ^ a8W ° uld ram “ d one °/ * be be so sown features of De Witt Clinton and others of the G. The best time "to sow wheat is from the Napoleonic type. My opinion is, that this piece 20th of September to the 10th of October. If of statuary, was made to represent some person sown at this time it escapes those casualties £ Caucassian origin 1 ^ which so often destroy it-rust, blast, etc. to P er P etl ’ ato * be memory of a great mind and 7. The quantity of wheat sown per acre do- noble deeds, It would serve to impress inferior pends upon the time of sowing. If sown at the or raoes ™ th tbe *« at and n . oble ’ and f ,°. r time named above, three pecks will be sufficient; tbls P ur P°?° was sculptured of colossal di- if lator in the season, more will be required. ^ _ • . , ,. a - , , , 8. Sow wheat when tiioground is not too dry, The btack of gypsum is stratified, and a dark for when too dry tho grain%ffl grow musty, lose ftratiim passes just below tho outer portion of that milky substance which supports the germ, t ho e ? ebr ° w > a PP aar f WftS It and the young shoot will wither and die. bre ft> bavln S been chiseled out between the 9. men the wheat is sown, plough it in with eyebrow and the chest, and makes its appear- the manure, full three or four inchis. - anc f. a S al ? “ a portion of the left hip. borne Upon this report several remarks wero mado portions of the strata are dissolved more than by tho gentleman present The principal point others by tho action of the water, leaving* raised, however, was against ploughing in the bolde/ outcropping along the descent of the wheat three and four inches. 8 . breast towards the neck. The same may,, less It was thought that since the roots formed on distmctly, b® seen on too side of the face and the top of the ground, if the grain was buried bead - / of rechmng as deep as directed, it could never form any, “gfg 18n0 ‘ . tbree h “ d f d ****? ° ld ’ but J“ and most therefore perish. tbe * ori£ ° f tbe , earl y f Jeamt ^ alhers Mr. Norris again took the floor, and explained ffuntey, who are known to have frequented the in detail the whole method of wheat growing. 9 D0 . nda 6 a J alle y from tw0 bandred to two htm ' BY TBLEGKAPH. Said ho: The seed forms first little roots which support tho sprout until it gets through too ground. Other roots are then formed on toe top of too ground, and as soon n"s the plant can subsist dred and fifty years ago. Why General Magrndcr Entered the : Confederate Army, i f.; _ At the annual dinner of a military company, without the aid of too underground roots, it in Boston, on the 19th instant, General Magru- throw8 them off. There is no tap root to wheat, der made an interesting address, in toe course of Honce, continued Mr. Norris, if your wheat is which he said: planted deep it will bo better able to withstand “ I am now going’to give an account which toe “spewing” and purifying process of nature can be made public if it may be considered de- brought to bear upon the soil in the winter. sirable, and which is the first time I have ever The report was adopted without amendment, alluded to it—of the circumstances under which At this juncture, Mr. A. T. Holt was permitted I left the flag. During the dark days in Wash- to give an account of an experiment he had ington Mr. Lincoln sent for me, I then being made with wheat. He took a piece of laud that, either first or second in command in the de- without manure, would not have made any fences of "Washington. Mr. Lincoln said to me, wheat at all, Broke it np well with a two-horse ‘ The government of your State (Virginia)re- plough,and,aftersubsoilingitwithabull-tongue, fuses to send her quota of the 75,000 men put on two- sacks of Chesapeake guano. Tho called for.’ Imagining that he would like to wheat was sown in drills two feet apart, with too know, in case the State went out, what I would hand, and covered with a rako. Mr. Holt gato- do, I said to him: ‘Of one thing, rest assured ered seven bushels of wheat from his patch, as Mr. Lincoln, so long as I am in command you the result of labor, and claims that he lost and your family may rest in perfect safety in several bushels more in the field. He gave it the White House, and if I send in my resigna- as his opinion that it is better to drill wheat than tion yon shall be apprised of it at the same time to sow it broadcast, and that too drills should be that it goes to toe adjutant general, and I prom- only thirteen inches apart. ise to remain in the city twelve hoursafterward,’ The Committee on “Fruit, fruit culture,” adding laughingly, _|I wish to be well off with stance of tho points discussed in this report is as teen hours after my resignation, and then made follows: my way to Long Bridge. When I reached toe 1. The geographical character of tho soil draw it was three minntespast 9 o’clock at night, suited to the culture of fruit trees has engaged and the draw-bridge had been raised three toe attention of is tu*y [worthy men, and it is the minutes. The Lieutenant in-command of the opinion of a wsp'rity yt tnese tnat a northern company stationed them w»o I.ientennnt Baird, sropefs better wiitod las a location for an or- now a Major General of too United States chard than a southern'slope. The reason ad- Army, and his company being in my regiment, vanced for this opinion is that toe cold winds of all toe men knew me. I said to Lieutenant early spring, having a fair sweep at the orchard, Baird, ‘ I have this favor to ask of you, that retard its blossoming until the period when the you will let me pass tho draw.’ Tho Lieuten- dinstructive frosts shall have passed Mr. Tay- ant’s reply was, in substance, ‘I wish you had lor has tested this matter by actnal experiment, : not to make the request, and I would to God and gives it as his opinion that it makes no dif- yon were coming from Virginia instead of going ference in Middle Georgia which slope is chosen. . toit.’ He, however, .let me pass.” Ho hero presented the Society with a basket of ' General Magruder said toe struggle in his apples taken from both slopes, which more than mind was between a sense of his duty to toe verified the position ho had taken. His experi- flag and his country on the one hand, and all ments in this regard have extended through sev- , those ideas and feelings which were bred in eral years. j him as a Virginian on toe other. “I placed my 2.. The best soil suited is gray, with clny sub- fortunes in this ono bark; and after a long, soil. It is generally claimed that red laud is ' dark night all was lost save my honor." He better than gray, but Mr. T. gave it as his ex- J then paid a tribute of respect to others of his perience that there was no difference—or if any i companions-in-arms who had embraced the it is in favor of gray land with clay subsoil. 1 cause of secession, believing in its right and 3. Prepare tho land just as yon would a nice justice; and claimed that such men were ac- barley lot. Break with a turning-plow, abd sub soil as deep as posssble; then manure again, broadcast, with vegetable mold, cob manure, or compost, plowing in toe same with a light run ning plow. 4. Dig holes three feet wido and eighteen inches deep for toe trees. Fill one-third full with mold or manure, one-third with common enrth, and plant toe tree in too remaining six inches—covering with earth around toe tree. By no means pack toe earth on the roots of the trees. ; : "" 5. The following are the average distances at which fruit trees should be planted : Apple trees, 20 feet each way; peach. 18 feet; pear, 10 to 12 feet. If bnt little soil diminish dis tance from 2 to 4 feet. G. Get trees from ono to two years old from the nursery.' *■ ; 7. The early autumn, at the decline of sap and fall of leaf, is’ time for planting. 8. Do not plant when the ground is wet enough to pack. • .. t ■ 9. Plant in same position as when taken from the nursery, only a little deeper in tho ground. 10. Tho curculio, or borer, may bo destroyed in three winters and springs by exposing the roots of the trees as much as possible in winter, giving them occasionally a thorough drenching with soap-suds; and in the spring making a lit tle monnd six or eight inches high around tho trees. Cover the exposed roots in the spring. 1L The best varieties of frnit for our section of the State are: Winter Apples—Shockley, Nickajack, Buckingham, Virginia Crab and Yates—ripening from September 15th till Octo ber 20th All good bearers. Early Peaches— Early Tillotston, Hale’s Early. Late Peaches— Crawford’s Lato. Pears—The "White Dozier, Vicar of Wakefield, and Leckcl. I havo not done Mr. Taylor’s report justice. I have written hurriedly, and have no time to correct, contract or expand. Dot-Piceeb. tuated by no unworthy principles. In conclu sion, he expressed his readiness and anxiety to do all in his power to heal np toe wounds caused by the war; to reunite the long sundered ties; and to cherish all that was left of the fraternal feeling which must form tho basis of tho true union for. which he earnestly hoped. Sugar. Sugar is of modern use only. The ancients were acquainted with it as 'an article of com merce or of common use. What a revolution in our household affairs would it occasion to strike sugar from toe list of dietary articles. It is a necessity, not a luxury. Within the last 400 years it has grown from being an article of cu riosity or luxury to be one of the great staples of commerce. It enters every department of domestio economy. Humboldt says that in Ohi- nu it was known and used in ancient times; bnt if known at all in Western Asia or Europe till within the last'few centuries, it was only as travelers brought it as remembrances of foreign clime’s and distant travel There is some foun dation for toe idea that it was not entirely un known to tho ancient Greeks. We find in the classics, mention made of honey that bees did not make, and honey from reeds—the sugar cane .being a reed. From these expressions, it is thought that - sugar is meant, as all sweet ar ticles were included in the term honey in early days. Pliny says there is a kind of honey from reedB which is like gum, and is nsed as a medi cine. Some allusions in the Bible seem to refer to sugar, and "not to honey. In later time3, it is said, that the Crnsaders fonnd sweet honeyed canes growing in the meadows of Tripoli; that they sucked these canes, - and were delighted with the operation; that these canes were cul tivated with great care, and when ripe were pounded in mortars, and toe juice was strained and dried to a solid, like salt; that mixed with bread it was more pleasant than honey. In 1420 the Portugese brought the cane to Spain, Madeira, and Canaries, and thence it was car- : ried to the West Indies and Brazil. In these tised for information how to preserve it. A wag replied to the advertisement, tendering the de sired information on receipt of half a dollar’s worth of postage stamps, which arrived, and the following recipe was duly forwarded : “Put toe whale carefully into n glass bottle; oover it oyer with spirits of wine (strong whisky may do;) then cork and seal up.” The postage Btampa were handed over to a charitable institution. Western Produce. Of too crops of apples, potatoes and grain on tho line of the Michigan Central Railroad, the j countries it found the conditions for its rapid Detroit Free Press says : j development, and toe world was soon furnished Both winter and fall apples are being shipped | ^th the produots of these countries; so that in large amounts from all the fruit-marketing j gagar assumed a place among the chief articles towns. The prices paid are from $1 25 to $175 j 0 f commerce. per barrel, the purchaser furnishing barrels j The constitution of suga r, in proportion of Tho prices varying according to the quality and ! ^ elements, is carbon (charcoal) and water, condition of tho fruit. There will be twice the Aq atombf w ' ate r, more or less, chingee entire- amount shipped of this crop than there was of , lthe character of the sugar; but, and not only tho previous one, and nearly all much finer and , th ^ ^ changes it into entirely different sub- bettcr fruit. stances. Gum, starch and wood differ in no Tho securing of tho apples and potatoes is respect in composition, but only in the amount now employing tho farmers, and the coldweath- q{ Vater- they contain; and tins difference is er will probably come on before these large crops „ ithia narrow limits, and in some of them can be taken care of. The there is no difference at all. There is no fact good quality and yield as has ever been pro- innft t that calls forth our astonishment or duced in this State, but there .are only^few P exhibits the wisdom, and direct impress of toe chasers. The most of those sold were for the Dei ty so strikingly as finding innumerable sub- homo market. The p ees paid are from He stanc e a identical ih composition, but altogether to 20c. per bushel. But a yeiy small amount of dissimiiiir in proper tiea. W e see the fiat of the tap amount that -was harvested from the previous ^ ^ hM fl mnoh more ext<mB ive crop. The buckwheat crop is a large one, and meaaiag ^ than in commerce. In the of good quality. It is nearly all in toe shock. f onneri t includes all those organic compounds, There has been but a small amount thrashed, vegetable , having a sweet taste, solabta and none sold. The growing crop of wheatnev- . ° , _ k,__i BtBHIXO OF THE STEAMER STOJfE- WALL TERRIBLE LOSS OF LIFE. Sr. Louis, October 28 Private dispatches say the steamer Stonewall was burned forty-five miles above Cairo. Of the crew and passengers, number ing 160, but forty-three were saved. Later.—The details of the loss of the steamer Stonewall, state that the vessel left St. Louis Tues day evening for New Orleans, heavily laden with paseeugers, horses, mules, hay, and other freight, and was burned to the water’s edge. An effort was mado to land, but the boat was so heavily laden that it conld not reach nearer than one hundred yards of the shore. Great confusion and terror prevailed. There were about two hundred cabin and deck passengers aboard, a large number being women and children. The flames spread rapidly, and scores of men jumped into the water and at tempted swimming ashore, but nearly all were lost. The pilot, engineer, stoker, carpenter and forty- four passengers are known to bo saved. The cap tain, clerks and other officers and many passengers, were lost, and all tho books and papers of the boat were lost, as were all the cattle and other freight. Many persons died after reaching shore, from ex posure. AU the women and children were lost, nearly if not all, being burned to death. The con duct of too passengers and officers, is said to have been heroic. Such an appalliug scene has not been witnessed on the Mississippi for many years. Tho saved were kindly cared for by tho officers of the Balle of Memphis, and were carried to St. Louis, From an interview with the Assistant Engineer of the Stonewall we get the following: The alarm was given at 6:30 and in ten minutes the boat was in a sheet of flame and every person had deserted her. All that wero lost were drowned, and none were burned. Of eleven women but throe wero saved. But ono yawl was Been, and that was taken posaes- hion or by u >mn deck passengers. Wlieu last seen, ‘Capt. Scott was floating down stream on a log. Tbe people at Neely's landing saw- toe light and hasten-, od to assist. One man rescued sixteen persons with a skiff, and had it not been for this help, all would have been lost. A gentleman from Paducah, Ky., swam ashore with a lady. At her entreaty He* returned to save her child. In swimming ashore he was grasp ed by a drowning man, and was compelled to shake him off. Oiie man was taken from toe wreck so badly burned, that he died oq reaching shore. Capt. Donolly, of Shreveport, was saved. There were thirty-nine cabin passengers and crew. All the ladies on board were lost but one. Fulkerson, the pilot, and the carpenter, were the'only ones of the crew that were saved. "- ■ " '• •• Another statement is that the lire originated from a candle which the deck passengers had in the rear of some hay while playing cards. .. v . >: The steamer was run on a. gravel bar, the pilot supposing that the passengers could wade ashore, bnt at the end of the bar there runs a slough, and here toe larger number were drowned. Out of 250 passengers and crew only 30 are known to have been saved. ■ a i : from WASHINGTON. Washington, October 28.—There are ugly ru mors of a heavy pressure for the further postpone ment of too elections in Mississippi and Texas. Revenue to-day, $446,000. The Court of Claims have adjourned to the first Monday in December. Lowe, of California, Minister to China, is here for instructions. The Executive Committee of toe Union League here are trying to raise funds to aid the extremists of Mississippi and Texas. Customs from October 18 th to October 23d, $750,000. Tho Virginia tobacco will pay three million dollars tax this year. Lawyers regard it as certain that the Yerger case will bo brought to the bar of the Supreme Court. Tho President has ordered that Ml communica tions, relative to Executive business, shall be for warded to their appropriate departments, or no at tention will be paid to them, f Secretary Pish has issued a notice that no vacan cies exist abroad in the State Department. Dispatches from Salt-Lake indicate a serious schism in the Merman Church. Stenhouse, editor of the Salt Lake Telegraph, and for many years one of Brigham Young’s most staunch supporters, heads the defection. His daughter is one of Brigham Young's son’s (Joseph's) wives. FROM VIRGINIA. Richmond, October 23.—Colonel John Burke, In spector of Internal Revenue, and J. P. Justis, Wm. M. Justis, and R. F. Valentine, tobacco manufac turers, wero arrested last night, chaiged with con spiracy to defraud the revenue by means of coun terfeit tobacco stamps. All were bailed for trial. The detectives last night captured eight thousand dollars' worth of tobacco stamps. In the case heretofore telegraphed of parties charged with the sale of bogus tobacco stamps, alt havo boen sent on for trial except Stone, who is to be examined November 9th. Chas. A. Jackson, of Petersburg, was dismissed by toe -United States Commissioner, there being nothing to connect him with tho utterance or use of counterfeit stamps. The' theatre was sold to-day for thirty-fire thou sand dollars, to Mrs. Elizabeth Mag ill, of New York. The Agricultural Fair Grounds are fast filling up. There are already four hundred head of horses and cattle on the ground, though the Fair does not com mence till Tuesday. In the mineral department, a building 50 feet long is already nearly foil of ape- OJLlV'fSPAIN. From tbe Saturday SstHete.] While we stiff wait and watch to *ee W wrll shape her destiny,.and whiley rather desire, to witness some among her chiefs of capacity for * and some approach towards her rStl j 8, the place which she once held in Ean, 0,1 be interesting to recall eome-taSsr* history of an age when Spain was m-L, 01 >■ attempt (gome momentary revival offt glories of the Spanish arms. Themo^.K deeds of Spanish valor were nerfm™ ■ “ 1 - New World, The. morality of dares of America must be judged bv ard proper to their time, but their com endurance will be judged by a standard is invariable. FROM NEW ORLEANS. New Orleans, October 28.—The city authorities are now enforcing the ordinance regarding weights in bread. Over one hundred bakers and dealers have been arrested for short weights since yester day morning. The penalties imposed are fines and confiscation. Dent and Lowry, of Mississippi, are here. was stranded on the coast, and purchased as a r i t ^ ,7A, The in water, and neutral in relation to vegetable speculation by a sharp practitioner, who adver- f colors; Wt is, they are neither acid nor alka- EHggra. farmers are preparing their gronnds and putting ^ . Under this definition are included honey, m toeir wheat, the most of them much better u etc . 0 f these we shall not every year, and find that they are wellpaid back at ^ re8ent ’ 8peak . ’ There are three kinds of su ra the quantity and quality of gram. Very small £ closely related, and important in an eeo- amonnts of the last crop of wheat are being 5“ ’. . ^ h,. farmers not satisfied with comical point of view, and present some of the marketed. The fanners are not satisfied with the prices. Lady .Franklin telegraphed to New York: “Has Hall brought journals or any writings?” and Mr. Grinnell answered, “Nous.” • A. most wonderful reaction in their production, all tending to onr interest and happiness. These three kinds of sugar are known generally as cope sugar, fruit sugar, and grape Sugar.~~2hs American Grocer. FROM CUBA. Havana, October 28.—The Spanish steamers Pi- zarro and Austria have gone to Nassau, N. P., look ing after toe Lillian. Serious frauds havo been discovered in bonded warehouses; tho Judge of toe Supreme. Court, Treasurer and Captain-General personally investi gating. - ■ . The furniture in Palace Senore Aldamas was sold at auction by the government to-day. Insurgent General Covada has issued an order to his subordinates to burn the cane-fielda as soon as tho cane' is dry. GENERAL NEWS. Cincinnati, October 28.—Mr. Pendleton has been appointed President of the Kentucky Central Rail road. A brilliant meteor, with a rumbling sound and sulphurious smell passed over Dayton. At toe same hour an enormous meteor passed over Forrest Sta tion eastward, resembling a locomotive head light with a booming roar which shook houses, broke windows, and waked the people. .There were three heavy explosions. Wilmington, Octobor 23.—The testimony of toe officers in tho Cuba case closed to-day. Nothing important. The case will be argued by counsel to morrow. Philadelphia, October 28.—It is showing here, bnt melts as fast as it falls. foreign news. London, October 28.—Mr. Peabody is iff and his recovery is donbtfuL' • ,r;iV iC eircos ««r».t The Dublin Fenian Amnesty Association passed resolutions regretting Gladstone’s refusal to release Fenians, and resolving to oontinue agitation and form local associations thoughoat the country. Madrid, October 28 The,; Ministerial crisis is over. Ail parties have agreed to postpone their differences, Carmo, the Insurgent leader is con demned, to death. BacssEis, October 28.—Elections of deputies show a decreasing ministerial strength. The greatest among these great tn 6 , J nando Cortez, the eonquerer of Meri"’’ ^"1 bom at Medellin, a village of Estremas ’ 1 was destined for the profession of the t T as hi's lively spirit did not suffer him u' H much progress in that tedious path panied toe Governor Ovando, trie t-Y *** Columbus to toe New "World, whichlffiu'** afforded the most tempting prospect t^* tious dispositions. He served his sdiW—I to Indian warfare in the rampaiehiwv v 5 * ed in toe conquest of the great islands sola and Cuba. Hes was chosen bv Velas! ^ eonquerer and Governor of Cuba to pedition against Mexico in 16187 Tf v t had known how far his Isentena^V riSST surpassed his own, he would never w ■ him toe opportunity to eclipse his sL 8 ^4 as he soon did. But Cortez conceakiTbf 5 ^ capacity for aetion until the time f 0 - ■ came. The wonderful and rapid snccea t- » he attained was due to the combination of! J qualities in hi? character.. He was no - and artful than he was energetic and etr-’ ous. On one point only he was nnvieldi-Jf that was in regard to his religion. Indeed v sometimes surpassed in zeal, as far as bh behind in discretion, toe priests who oaJlj nied his expeditions. In this respect tifT* auot of Cortez was thoroughly undinV-tt Among toe fortes by which the Spaniard- , threw toe empire of the Aztecs ^'1 which diplomacy ordinarily takes no acv' 1 Although the soldiers with whom Cortez 1 in Mexico were only five hundred in n- they were "five hundred heroes wSl the strongest of human motives—im. * gain, and fiery zeal for their faith i their valor and his own poliev C-vi soon gained a footing in the capital of ] ico, and it seems probable that he v have maintained himself withont further f-v ing, but that he was assailed in rear bv & A winch Velasquez had sent from Cnha todisn] his presumptuous and too successful Cortez marched towards the coast, ksTi.-J’i lieutenant, Alvarado, with a garrison, inthe^ of Mexico. Cortez surprised and defeated vaez, whom Valesquez had sent to amjj him, and he persuaded many of the solfej his rival to attach themselves to his thingfJ tunes. It is wonderful how the SpasuSl America fell to fighting among themselves, ul they had not enemies enough among the i~J The hostility of Velasquez enormonslyintreij the difficulties of Cortez, for, during’bis fa absence from Mexico, Alvarado, by bit ness -and violence, provoked a generalr of toe Aztecs against the Spaniards, first they had venerated as divine beings. (I tsz turned to face toe storm which he eotfij control. The Spanish garrison was driven c Mexico and compelled to retreat by night t toe causeway which traversed the lake ocv that city stood, and which connected it withij land. The bridges on this causeway haJbi broken down in toe Spaniards’ front and i merabie enemies in canoes assailed their £ The horrors of toe noche iriste, as it is c would have deterred a less resolute comma: but Cortez dung steadfastly to his pm; "With the shattered remnants of his eiet.J retreated to the friendly country of Tluai and there made deliberate preparation fas siege of Mexico. He built ships and lama them upon the lake; and, having formed it army of Spaniards and auxiliary Indians, i re-established by successful expeditionsHsJ utation, which had suffered by his retreitj invested Mexico by water and land, and, ri| three months of obstinate and bloody ccrii he compelled what remained undestroyedda city to surrender. The Aztecs were ft*a formidable native enemies that the Spin encountered in America. They had large s bers, fierce courage, and a system of ; ment which enabled toeir Emperor to e and, direct their energies for the expuisfal toe Spaniards. But the hold of Cortez nl Mexico was not to be shaken off. Having jI quered the city,-he speedily became nusii.-J all the country between the Atlantic anil Pacific. I The Isthmus of Darien was first cross! J Vasco Nunez de Balboa, in 1513. A fes; afterwards toe Spaniards founded a settle at Panama, and thus acquired a basis of id tion against Peru. The triumverate, as it* been called, of Pizarro, Almngro, and was formed at Panama, in 1524. It took■ longer, and proved more difficult to roach ij than to conquer it. An arduous voyage tod ten degrees of latitude separated tbe Panama from toe Bay of Goaurr where Pizarro landed and found i he had reached toe gate of the rick f pire of Peru. But he could not hope j conquer that empire with a few sailors c:.yj he returned to, Panama, and thence to report that he had discovered a country the people drew water with golden buckets d visited his native place, Truxillo, in Bot dura, where his brothers and the WnM] youth enlisted under his banner and reel with him to Panama." Thus Pizarro ft 1 gather a fleet of three ships provided small cannon, twenty-five horses, and coett dred and eighty foot soldiers, only a k’J whom were armed with firelocks. ^ J never read the accounts of any of these e? tions of discovery and conquest without • struck with admiration at the grestness j results which were produced with means. Horses were perhaps more the Indians in war than even fkesiti therefore Pizarro, like Cortez and sll conquerors, was determined, at any cost, to'] with him a small force of cavalry, h 1 /* conceive what the cost and risk must haw of transporting horses first by sei Spain to the coast of toe Oaribbeu -q then across the mountains to PsaatA^ toenoe by -sea to too Bay of Gum*?] It almost seems that the horses, s 5 ee ; the men of those times, could bear b*' about better than toeir descendants in day. The Spanish conquerors of tainly deserved toe praise which isgiTenW-n by one of their own historians, that m in the world ever surpassed them in “en . paoity for enduring hardships and P r ’ T *fl And the horses were worthy of ] many of them served through camp 41 #" j traordinary difficulty; and, in toJJL tribnted so largely to the success of to Y paigns, that their posterity, if to®? f ought to have been ennobled by tto ,■$ Spain. It happened not seldom that J mous chargers were shod with silver, 1 golden bridles; bnt that was because ^, were sometimes much more pi®"*?, Spanish campa than iron. The home® 1 " of Mexico disappointed the soldiers o but the most greedy followers of *“"7tJ have been satisfied with toe plunder _ ' A high degree of civilization had eESt . <jl country for some centuries. The P re r"“L 5 | als had been copiously used in the of innumerable temples, and the when they had defeated and taken pp° 7J Inoa, had nothing to do but to stop "I of their treasure and send it home. tested not only the Inca, but hi*; 0 jjjl associate, Aimagro, with whom be over the division of the immense treasure which they had conquered. was taken prisoner and put to deatai Francisco Pizarro—who could neitne .i write, and who had been in his e» 1 i herdsman at Truxillo—became i name of the King of Spain, of an w rich oountry of Peru. This conqo -_ _ upon that of Mexioo within twelve i both were effected in the service ot tot Oharles V. As soon as Pizarro . himself master of Pern, he sent “ m , Pedro de Valdivia, southward into he subdued and colonized as far ^ The natives of this country, aUhoug as had been represantod, were found iards to be very like the with his sixpence. It was very # them, and they bod nothing of ^ sg could be robbed. But froni P® t6 d- iards turned their faces eastw^ ( agined that to toe immense extern. The following is Renan’s description of the personal appearance of St Panl: “ Paul bad a sickly appearance, which did not, as it appears, correspond with the greatness of.,bia soul. He was ugly, short, thick-set and stooping, and his broad shoulders awkwardly sustained a little agined that m the immense ‘ bald head. His sallow ooontenanoe was half which lay batweasthsm * hidden in a thick beard ; his nose was aquiline, his eyes piercing, and his black, and heavy eye brows met ncroBa his forehead. Nor was there anything imposing in his speech ; bia timid and embarrassed air and his incorrect language gave at first but a poor idea of bis eloquence. He shrewdly, however, glorified in his mfeerio* de- feote, aid evta drew »dvfo#geg ft mreftwH. r wmen iay botbw - would find nations eyen visas whom they had »nd * The real El Dorado, where * - were as plentiful as «toneaanap« r^j Spain, m never actually duM5 ? v ® » J the ealrly days of toe tably £arcpe> < in r liiffiinaaiiifM MinikHtm | tesas* arrived