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LITERARY f’jmjjermtcf PENFIELD, GEORGIA. L. LINCOLN VEAZEY, Editor. THURSDAY MORNING, MAY 6, 1858. MEMORY, from the office which it holds and . the part which it performs, deserves to be considered one of our highest faculties. That it does not always receive this consideration, is at tributable to the fact that few persons fully un derstand its nature, and have a due conception of its importance. Many assign it to the lowest rank of our faculties, and speak of whatever it accom plishes alone with contempt. Never do they err more egregiously. Memory is so intimately con nected with all our mental powers, and so neces sary in their operations, that without it they would be utterly worthless. We may, then, very reasonably place memory in the very highest class of the attributes with which we are endowed. Reason may make itself more manifest and achieve greater conquests, but is not so indispensable to man’s preservation and happiness. Indeed, as we shall further show, memory is essential to reason in its every opera tion. The two attributes being thus related, we must of necessity assign the higher position to that one upon which the other is dependent. In carrying on a process of reasoning, memory indispensable. Though any amount of facts might be successively grasped by the mind, the relations which they respectively sustain to each other could not be ascertained without the powor of retention. Each would present itself loose and disconnected. It is only through our powers of recollection that two propositions can be compared and a conclusion drawn therefrom; for, if we could not remember while considering one thought, the thought that had occupied the mind the moment previous, it would be clearly impossible to bring them together in any form. We accordingly find that all those who have been distinguished for skill and ability in reasoning, have likewise possessed high powers of memory. Some who think profoundly have seemed to be wanting in this particular. This deficiency, how ever, was only apparent. Many things escape their remembrance because they never gain their attention; but of those things about which their minds are employed, the recollection is prompt and faithful. The powers of our memory vary greatly in reference to different things. In many cases this can be accounted for without difficulty, by the-effects of habit or education. The account ant who has spent years over the pages of the ledger, of course has a good recollection of num bers, while his brother, perhaps, who is a physician, has a memory trained to an equal degree of re tentiveness for an entirely different set of things. The business of every man, as it draws his atten tion from the great mass of things a#d occurren ces around him, and fixes it upon that in which he is particularly interested, naturally produces varied powers of memory. But there are multi tudes of instances which cannot be accounted for in this way. We have seen men with whom you could not intrust a commission with any certainty of its execution for fifteen minutes in the future, who could at the same time treasure up the fruits of half-a-day’s steady reading without difficulty. One person has a good recollection of names, but none of dates, while, perhaps, another can tell all the events of a history without any notion of the time or order of their occurrences. These are facts in the philosophy of the mind, the explan ations of which are beyond our knowledge, and whicli we, by searching, cannot find out. There is a great diversity in the power of this faculty in different individuals. In some, it ap pears to exist almost entirely alone to the exclu sion of all others, while in many it is weak, and in some almost entirely wanting. We are of course unable to decide how far this is natural, or the effect of cultivation in a given fnstahce. In some cases, either by nature or the force of train ing,-the memory exhibits powers which seem in credible. It is related of Voltaire that on one Occasion, while visiting Frederic, King of Brussia, he read an original poem of considerable length to that monarch. When it was finished, the King denied its originality, telling him that he knew a man who could recite it all. He then called in a man from another room, who repeated the whole poem, word for word, without the smallest mistake. The enraged poet, whose tem per was none of the best, in a moment of anger, tore the manuscript in pieces, doubting for the time being the dearest evidences of his own senses. When the monarch had sufficiently en joyecfliis confusion, he explained that he had placed behind a curtain a person whose strong and accurate memory had enabled him to com mit the poem by over-hearing it read. Upon Voltaire’s expressing regret that he had destroyed the manuscript, and that it should thus be lost, the mnemonist undertook to remedy the matter, •and succeeded in reciting it again, so that it could be re-written. This may be an extreme case, but a multitude of other instances are not wanting to prove the degree of strength the memory is capable of at taining by cultivation. There are no known limits to its capabilities of improvement. One of the most ready means of accomplishing this, is through our powers of association. By this, every ■object may be associated with some idea or any number, so that at any time it can bring up a long train of thought to the mind. Thus is laid the ground-work of the useful and important •Bcience of mnemonics. > The memory is more affected by age than any other of our mental faculties. Even whore its •strength has been the result of education, it grows weak as the weight of years enfeebles the physi cal frame. The very aged are frequently unable to retfein for an hour the contents of the page which they have diligently perused, and have to day but slight recollections of the occurrences of yesterday. Yet, these same persons have the moßt vivid remembrances of the scenes and trans actions of their early years, which seem to become more fresh as they grow older. There is philo sophic truth, as well as much poetic beauty, in th©lines of Burns- - “ Still o’er these scenes my memory wakes, And fondly broods with miser care ; Time but the impression deeper makes, As streams their channels deeper wear. Examinations into the philosophy of the mind have induced many to believe that men never forget* Impressions made upon the mind may be for the time obscured, but not wholly effaced. We know that every day some recollection of the past, of which we have not thought for years, is brought up with a clearness which makes it seem as but of yesterday’s date. At sudden convul sions of the mental faculties produced by disease or other causes, long trains of remembrances which had been swept into oblivion for indefinite periods, have been restored without any percep tible-diminution of distinctness. With these facts before us, we may reasonably infer that when the soul is delivered from its external surround ings, all that it has experienced or acquired will original vividness of impression. At the moment of its dissolution from its earthly tenement, the mind will become cognizant of every thing that has transpired during a lifetime, however long. Entertaining these views, may we not regard man as his own recording angel, continually inscribing on blank pages, entries which no hand but that of Jehovah can efface? fpHERE is no greater fallacy than that a man X can live in this world, act meanly and injure no one but himself. That person does not exist who does not wield some influence, either for good or evil. It may be small—so small that none hut He who suffers not a sparrow to fall un noticed, will take it into account. It is always exerting its force, whether he is asleep or awake, in idleness or action. The extent to which it ! operates on those around him is unknown to’ himself. When arraigned at the Bar of Eternal Justice, he will find himself charged with many deeds which he never committed, of which he had probably never heard. This continual action upon others, whether we will it or not, makes it a fearful thing to live. Astronomers tell us that were a star to-day stricken from the universe, it might be years be fore we would perceive the loss. It would still continue to deck the nightly vault, and send us its feeble contribution of light, as if nothing had occurred. So is it with the influence of every man, especially if he be one to whom Heaven has granted the high endowment of genius. It still ! continues a living, active power, long after the elements that composed his frame may have been resolved to their native dust. Man can never award to his fellow-man his deserts to the full extent; for that which must be a part of the be ing which shall be resurrected at the last day— his influence through all time—cannot in this world be known. Who can form any estimate of the amount of guilt which Hume, Tom Paine and other authors of like principles and talents will have incurred ! As long as their works shall continue to exist, they will lead thousands of every generation to error and perdition. On the other hand, what a grand monument of moral glory is continually ! building up to the names of Baxter, Bunyan and | Doddridge! To what a sublime height will it have j attained when the final triumph shall summon all to account for the deeds of life, whether they be good or evil! There is no escape from the responsibility of this influence which we are continually exerting on our fellow-men. In olden times, religious zealots fled to the mountain caves, and the gloomy desert wastes, hiding themselves in soli tude. In self-torturing ascetism, which they mis took for holy devotion, they sought to live for themselves alone. But their efforts were vain. In their seclusion they still had an influence, and from those dreary wilds their voices spoke to the world. They taught men the important lesson slowly learned—perhaps not yet fully learned— that Heaven cannot be gained by making earth a hell. The ./lower that opens to the morning sky gives its fragrance to the breeze, and yields its sweet ness to the insect that culls it with patient in dustry. In a few brief hours from its opening, the delicate essences that clustered within its b U( I are scattered far and wide. So is it with man’s influence. It emanates from him, and goes he knows not whither. If, however, it proceeds from a pure heart, he may be assured of its doing good wherever it may go. But alas! liow many : are like that flower that blooms along the high- j way in gaudy splendor, tempting by its beauty those whom it will kill by its poisonous odors! THE Savannah Georgian , in an attempted reply to our comments on his notice of Everett’s oration, lets off a drunken squib, which* proves be yond doubt that liquor must have been uppermost in his mind at the moment of its perpetration. Even his “characteristic” stupidity could not have caused him to expend that keenly satirical home-thrust in air by directing it at the wrong person. From the scurrility and irreligious blackguard ism that marks every column of that sheet, we have no doubt that the editor of the Georgian would very willingly sit down with Sumner, Banks and Greely, did not the smallness of his mental calibre forever exclude him from such society. But we have no wish to meddle with him farther, as we have a feeling remembrance of the adage, that “If you touch filth you will be defiled.” +. ♦ —__ flgpThe May number 1 of the American Colton Planter has been received. It is printed at Montgomery Ala., at One Dollar per annum, and edited by N. E. Cloud, M. D. and Mr. Charles A. Peabody. Harper's Monthly Magazine of May has been from some cause more than a week later than usual in making its appearance. The table of contents presents an attractive variety. “ A winter in the South” is continued, affording some graphic sketches of life in Tennessee. The never-failing excellence of this Magazine renders it very cheap at its price, $3,00 a year. The Star Editor of the Augusta Evening Dispatch proproses writing a series of articles in favor of the revival of the African Slave Trade. He lays down as one of his propositions, that it is neces sary to produce harmony in the world. We fear the proof of this strange paradox will be rather a heavy tax on his logical powers. A widow lady near Marietta, Ga. was recently robbed of a thousand dollars, by a strolling gyp sey, who got it from her under the pretence of using it in sorcery to find some gold which she made her believe was buried near her residence. At the late term of the Superior Court of Hen ry County, Rev. Noah Smith, a minister of she Methodist Episcopal Church, was tried for a grave misdemeanor, and was found guilty. It was his second trial on the same charge, and the length of time that it had been on hand, the standing of the accused and the ability of the counsel on both sides, imparted to the case an unusual de gree of interest. The Athens ‘Watchman estimates the loss in curred by the burning of the Pioneer Paper Mills, over and .above the insurance, at SIB,OOO or $20.- 000. On Friday evening last, (30th ult.) about one o clock, our citizens were startled by the alarm of fire. It proceeded from some stables and out buildings on the premises of L. L. Andrews, which were entirely consumed. By prompt exertions, it was prevented from spreading, and the destruc tion of those houses and a fine lot of wheat, we believe, were the only damages. It was caused by some negro children who were playing with matches and powder in one of the buildings. r, ' llE followin g line8 > gotten off by some fellow “who can have but little respect for himself or the ladies,” we find passing the rounds. Wc think they contain “more truth than poetry-.” * Youngster, spare that girl! rv ffi° Be bps so meek ! Unruffled let the fair lock curl Upon the maiden’s cheek ! Believe her quite a saint; Her locks are all divine; Her rosy hue is paint, ’ Her form is—crinoline! At the late session of the Superior Court of Franklin County four men were sentenced to the penitentiary. James H. Burton, for negro steal ing, 7 years; Howell, for burglary, 3 years; F. Askew, for receiving stolen goods from a negro] 2 years; and R. W. Cain, for throat-cutting, 2 years. His brother, B. B. Cain, was fined SI.OO and sentenced to 4 months imprisonment for aiding and abetting in the same. IT would be a real treat to meet with a novel in which the subject of love was entirely ignored. We have historical romances, sea tales, stories of domestic life in great numbers, but in all is the same old plot, with such variations as the inge nuity of the writer can contrive. Some young man of character extremely admirable and praise | worthy, sees a young lady who is clothed in the light of beauty, and possessed of every mental and moral excellence. They are instantly drawn to each other by some mysteriously sympathetic influence which they denominate love, and they conclude that their destinies are inseparably linked. But opposing obstacles present them selves or are thrown in their way, and the two poor mortals are rendered very miserable by the prospective disappointment of their cherished hopes. This is the ground-plot of every novel, from the trashy “ Yellow back” to the stately romance, “ Complete in three volumes.” Now besides the unnaturalness of this, it con fines genius for fictitious writing to a very narrow field. Admitting that there is such a passion as this intense, all-absorbing love whicli they de scribe, (which we regard as extremely apocryphal,) are there none others that might exercise dram atic skill? Is the whole of man’s emotional na ture monopolized by this one feeling? We have portrayed, indeed, in works of fiction, many other passions which agitate the human soul, and con stitute the motive powers to action. But these are merely thrown in for variety, and are always made to play subordinates to the “Grand Pas sion.” All this is very pernicious; for though no one ever found a counter-part for such representa tions in real life, it causes many to believe that such things do exist somewhere. Some spend ! many years of their lives in the fondly-cherished | hope of finding this soul companion to whom j they will be instinctively drawn. Our imagina tions have much to do with our happiness or mis ery, and we have no doubt that many have been rendered seriously unhappy—not by the pangs of unrequited love—but because the expectations which fancy produced and error nurtured, were not realized. Poets may create fairies and gob lins at their pleasure, as they may serve some useful end in amusing or frightening children; but when they permit their imaginations to j ro duce such sad effects as these, they are guilty of a great moral wrong. AVhethcr or not there ever existed on this earth that noble love which poets describe and novel lists write about, it is certain that it has long since disappeared. With all gloss of sentiment that can be thrown over the matter, the fact can not be concealed that the sexes occupy the posi tion towards each other of speculating parties, and that the matches made between them are purely of business character. The problem of loss or gain is calculated with as much accuracy, in regard to marriage, as any mercantile trans action. We have no objection to all this; for in our working, prosaic matter-of-fact world, we do not think it can be otherwise. But we condemn the hypocrisy which seeks to hide the truth un | der a covering of such gauzy texture. Let mar j riage be made a trade in word as it is in deed, so that each party may know what is to be expected. Were this the case, we opine that matrimonial bliss would become far less rare, and celibacy would fearfully decline. B@teCol. Edwards, a prominent citizen of Cass county, died on the 27tli inst, of typhoid fever. last Banner states that the Bank of Athens will resume specie payments on the Ist of May. Mother,” said a little boy, “ I’m tired of this pug nose; it’s growing pugger and pugger every day.” PTDuring the last year, the Baptists alone have added 59,000 members, most of which ac cession has been at the South. pgPThe King of Prussia has become stark mad. Prince Frederick, with his English wife, may soon have an opportunity at governing. B@°Mr. William Talman, of Germantown, Pa., has been compelled to pay $2,000 to a Miss Ellen Graham, whom he promised to marry, but did not. JES@pThe Tallahassee papers record the death of Charles Godbold, a native of South Carolina, and for several years proprietor of the City Hotel, in that place. Js£g“‘The Mississippi papers announce the death, on the 16th instant, of the Hon. Wm. R. Cannon, a prominent political! of that State. lie was a native of South Carolina. Hon Hiram Warner has been elected by the Phi Delta Society, and will deliver the next annual oration before the two Literary Societies, in Oglethorpe University, at their next commence ment on the 21st of July. RtgteThe Secretary of the Treasury received, on Tuesday, the 20th inst. fifteen hundred dollars in treasury notes, from an unknown individual in New York, who states that he had cheated the government to that amount during Gen. Pierce’s administration. learn from the Sparta Georgian, that Judge Thomas W. Thomas, of Elbert, has had the great misfortune to lose his young and ex cellent wife. She died last week, while Judge Thomas was absent from home, in attendance on Hancock Superior Court. J&siyOn Thursday the Mount Vernon Associa tion, at Richmond, Va., received a check for SBOO from Wm. If. Brune, Esq., of Baltimore, treasu rer of the Norfolk and Portsmouth fund. This sum is the unexpended balance of the amount subscribed by the citizens of Louisville, in aid of the yellow fever aufforers at Norfolk, and Mr. Brune has disposed of it as requested by the city council of Louisville. >•••♦■ IJggUC'oui'ting in the country is altogether a dif ferent institution from the city article. In the former, you get rosy lips, sweet cider, johnny cakes, and girls made of nature, and in the latter, a collection of starch phrases, formal manners, fine silk, jewelry, and girls got up “in hoops.” Always take to the rural district when you want to get a good style of calico. jgggKThe Boston Courier, gives the following no tice of Mr. Garrison’s Liberator: “ Inone respect it is worthy of study in apurely rhetorical point of view. Its vocabulary of vitu peration is probably the richest and.linest in the world. Whoever would learn in tlie highest per fection the art of cursing without swearing—who ever would fain measure the wealth of the Eng lish language in expression of venom, brutality and ferocity—should give his days and Ixis nights to the columns of the Boston Liberator. 831F“The human race, says Charles Lamb, ac cording to the best theory that I can form of it is composed of two distinct races—the men who borrow and tlie men who lend. To those two or iginal characteristics may be reduced all those im pertinent classifications of Gothic and Celtic tribes—white men, black men, red men. All the dwellers upon earth, “ Persians, and Medes, and Elamites,” flock hither, and do naturally fall in with one or theother of these primary distinc tions. StST" Mike Davis, charged with the Murder of Mr. Gay, of Jasper county, has been arrested. ®*sY“Goy. Brown was a delegate to the Baptist Convention at Americus, from Milledgeville. Thirty Years’ View is said to have already attained the sale ofseventy thousand vol umes ! _ pg°The general the Methodist Church South, will meet in Nashville, Tenn., on the Ist of May next. S. Woolsey who was injured at the late explosion of gas in the Methodist Pro testant Church in Cincinnati, has sued the gas company, in that city, for SIO,OOO. Mother, send for the Doctor.” “ Why my son ?” “ ’Cause that man in the parlor is going to die; he said he would if sister Jane did not marry him, and Jane said she would’nt.” Bgp“Tlie Detroit Advertiser of April 17th, says it has learned confidentially of new developments which warrant tlie supposition that the perpetra tors of the Burdell murder will soon be disclosed. ggy'Mrs. Prudence Munroe has obtained $1,837 damages against the city of Boston, for injuries sustained in a fall occasioned by an edge stone of the side-walk on Bow street being out of its place. jggyMr. C. W. Howard, of Kingston, proposes to publish at Atlanta, a Monthly Journal, devoted to Agriculture and such other kindred topics as may be of interest to Southern Planters, Farmers and their Families. accounts from several portions of the wheat region of Tennesse, state that the re cent frosts and cold weather have not injured the growing wheat, although fruit and garden vege tables have been damaged. private letter to musical gentleman in New York, states that Ole Bull lias been received with great enthusiasm, not only at Bergen, the city of his birth, but in Christiana, and every city and village through which he passed. 53P”Thirty converts have been added to tlie Church in Albany, Ga., within ten days. Forty five have joined the Church in LaGrange in the last two Sabbaths. Over seventy have joined the Church in Beaufort, N. C., within a short time, and many more are expected to be gathered in. Bgy*Capt. Bennet of the late brig Cornelia lias been arrested at San Francisco and held to bail on the charge of having scuttled liis vessel at sea, hav ing first robbed her of $50,000 in silver, which lie shipped at Mazatlan for San Francisco. The treasure is said to be buried near Cape St. Lucas, to which some vessel had been sent for its recov ery’ frWMr. James Larey, of this county, says the Sparta Georgian, had his house, kitchen, and smoke house entirely consumed by fire on Friday hist with all of his furniture,Jmeat, &c. Itis supposed that a child set fire toabed in a room adjoining in which a number of women were engaged in quilting. It seems they did not have presence of mind enough to save anything. B@teThe following bit of quaint humor has about as much sound philosophy in it as could well be crowded into so small a space. Bad luck is a man with his hands in his breeches pockets and a pipe in his mouth, looking on to sec how it will come. Good luck is a man to meet difficulties, his sleeves rolled up, and work ing to make it come out right. lUP’Advertisments contain matter that interests every class of the community. Free and liberal advertising is like seed sown in spring time, it will bear fruit after mqny days. Advertisers gen erally admit that it ultimately benefits them. The man who is seeking custom in any branch of trade, must invite and attract it by notoriety. Business will go to no house or shop unsolicited, and could not, if it would, find it in obscurity. It is a fact, attested by universal experience, that the merchant or manufacturer who is best known —who is, in other words, best advertised through the newspapers —lias the best run of custom. The advertising columns of a daily newspaper form a sort of mirror, in which the general char acter of a great commercial metropolis is reflected to the eye of the world. People at a distance judgeofacity in its business condition, and other wise, by the evidences of an antiquity, enterprise, wealth and commerce which it presents in the pages of its press. t Nil Desperandum. Oh! what if the prospect be clouded, And what if the sunlight be fled ; The bl ight sun himself may be shrouded, And the bright crown be torn from his head; But he bends never long to the rigor Os the tempest that beats on his form ; And he comes forth anon full of vigor, More glorious because of the storm. From the sun let the soul take its moral, Nor shriek ’neath the battle of life, Near the cypress grows ever laurel, And we pluck, as we please, from the strife, Though the foe presses on with his legions, And we bend for the hour to his will, Keep you calm in the turbulent regions, And the triumph ensures to you still. W. GILMORE SIMMS. Family Names. — The following facts are from an interesting article on the family nomenclature of England asd Wales, in the sixteenth annual re port of the register-general of England : The indexes of births, and deaths for seventeen :and.a half years contain more than 21, 000,000 names. In England Smith is by far the most common name, while in Wales the name of Jones predominates. During the period above named, the records of both England and Wales show 285,037 persons named Smith, and 282,900 named Jones. Os the whole population of Eng land and wales in 1855, one person in 73 was named Smith, one in 76 was a Jones, one in 115 a Williams one in 148 a Taylor, one in 152 a Davis, one in 175 a Brown. Over a half a million of the whole population were named Smith or Jones. “Therange of avocations which make up the complex system of civilized and social life, pre sents no business of such extended influence as that of the editor. For his periodical issue is read by thousands, day after day; he descants upon a larger variety of persons syad subjects than any other; and his opinions are received with pecul iar respect from the mass of his readers, under the idea that he is an organ of public sentiment. •K* %r vS* # “The wide diffusion of its (the editorial busi ness) products and the daily reiteration ol its teachings place it in the first, if not the highest rank of influences, which arc constantly operat ing on the character and destiny of the nation, not only in reference to our internal welfare, but in the judgment of the world. * * “ The editors of our newspapers, as 1 have shown are the class whose business calls to bo pre-emi nently, the guardians of the Republic. r I hrough them, above all others, the citizens ot our land receive their general ideas, especially with regarc to the discharge of their political duties, it tnc editors were always right, therefore, it is mani fest that the people could not be wrong, hence, the great desideratum, in my opinion,is adopt some plan by whioh those whose c 1 function it is to govern the public, may fus how to govern themselves. # ... “ In fine, there is not belonging to this world so manifold, so diffusive, so penetrating, so active an institution as the newspaper press Oh ! how great should be the wisdom, how pure the patii Stum, how lofty the principles of those wh o imida its enerev! How worthy of all honoi, aro the editors who reach the mark of their vocation ! And how safe would be the destiny of our favored county, if the guardians of its weltaio did not themselyes too oftpn load it astray. OLIO. A Waif. “ The rain had fallen, the poet arose, He passed by the tovrn and out of the street; A light wind blew from the gates of the sun, And waves of shadow went over the wheat; And he sat hint down in a lonely place, And chanted a melody loud and sweet, That made the wild swan pause in her cloud, And the lark drop down at his feet. The swallow stopped ns he hunted the bee, , ,T1 1C snake slept under the spray, 1 he wild hawk stood with the down on his beak. And started, with foot on the’prey, And the nightingale thought,‘l have sung manysongs, out never one so gay, or lj e sings of what the world will be, vv hen the years have passed away.” Celibacy. We heartily commend the following, from Fow ler's “ Life Illustrated” to the perusal of every woman and girl in the land: •‘Single blessedness” is rapidly on the increase. It threatens to become an established “institu tion.” Marriage, and the family relation, are in danger of being supereeeded. These and similar utterances have become one of the prominent topics of the newspaper press. In all of our large cities the disinclination to marry on the part of young men is frequently spoken of and written about. And it is said, truthfully too, that just in the ratio that me in cline to bachelorism, rowdyism, debauchery and crime become rampant in the land. This is a subject of great, importance to all, and of fearful interest to some. It requires no extra ordinary reach of thought to comprehend that the natural and inevitable result must be, sooner or later, the general demoralization of both male and female and the utter disorganization of hu man society. Without the maintenance of those domestic associations and duties, which are known only where the marriage institution is made sa cred, no society ever did or ever can exist above barbarism or savageism. To arrest this downward tendency of the race, two causes must be corrected. Young men must be trained to Ike, move, and have their being, without those blood-inflaming and soul palsying poisons, liquor and tobacco, and yonng ladies must learn to be useful as well as showy. On this latter clause of our text we purpose to expatiate very briefly, and then leave the matter, for the present, to the reflections of all whom it may con cern. It is notorious, all over the civilized world, that American females are unhealthy, and that tendency to disease and infirmity is constantly increasing. The daughters, as a general rule, are more infirm than their mothers, and their moth ers compare unfavorably with their grandmoth ers. There is no_theme so much written about, talked about, lectured about, as sickly American women and girls. Even the medical journals and daily newspapers of Europe are frequently com paring the health and stamina of American fe males with those of the females of Great Britain, France, Germany, etc., and always to the disad vantage of the former. And they seem to see, •not without reason, one of the leading causes cf the ultimate degeneracy of the American people, and the final overthow of our republican govern ment, in the fact that the vitality of our females is running down. Young men cannot be ignorantof these things. They are, and must be fond of the society of young ladies. Nature, and instinct, and reason, and custom incline them to marry. But with the thought of a matrimonial alliance come the thoughts of every thing except beds of roses and domestic joys. So far as courting goes, all is pleasant enough; but with marriage is associated the idea of doctors, nurses, and a greater or less number of Bridgets and and Mary’s and Ellen’s. Instead of a help-mate, a wife to cheer him on in the arduous pathway of life and take charge of the household affairs, he dreams of del icate nerves, tender stomachs, falling hair, decay ing teeth, and spinal irritation. He anticipates, as well he may, aconstantmonologueabout pains, aches, bad feelings, morbid sensations, as the pre vailing music of the fireside. He thinks of ever recurring bills to pay. He knows the chances are against him of marrying a patient to take care of, instead of a wife to enjoy. Now men are just as selfish as women arc. On the whole, wo think they are more so. The young lady who supposes that any young man on the face of the earth wishes to marry her for the sake of nursing her through life, makes a very great mistake. There have been, indeed, “marriages of sympathy.” But Heaven sanctions not, and nature abhors such alliances. If young ladies advertise themselves as pretty play things, young gentlemen will take them at their word. If in their actions, and by their man ners and accomplishments they declare them selves flirtable and courtable, but unmarriageable, young men will so understand the matter, and act accordingly. They will be ready enough to dance and frolic with those they do not respect. They will make themselves agreeable to those they cannot love. They will play court where they cannot think of manying. Whenever they! find their attentions are beginning to be taken in earnest, they will seek other society. They will not, of course, give the l’eason for this, and, the; young ladies will of course wonder “why don’t the man propose ?” Young men, we repeat, will sport and amuse themselves with young ladies whom they neither love nor respect. But if they do respect them and could love them, they are frightened from a proposal to marry by the sad evidence of infir mity, which cosmetics, false hair, artificial teeth and expensive skirts are unable to conceal. Hence they rather avoid all approaches to intimacy, and often abandon the company of those who could be healthy, and who would make good wives, and seek amusement in less respectable society amid more debasing associations. The young ladies of America have it entirely in their power to arrest this growing evil. Let them make themselves healthy and have their capac ity to be useful as well as ornamental, and they will not be long in the matrimonial market. Let them snap their fingers at the fashions of London and the follies of Paris, and act like sensible hu man beings. Otherwise, they are neither fit for wives nor mothers. Home Difficulties. —The house-mother liai her troubles, aye, be she ever so gifted with that blessed quality of taking them lightly and cheer fully. It is not pleasant for lazy ladies to get breakfast over at that regular early hour which alone sets a household fairly a going for the day ; nor for unarithmatical ladies, who have always reckoned their accounts by sixpences, to put down each item, and persevere in balancing periodi cally receipts and expenditures; nor for weakly, nervous, self-engrossed ladies to rouse themselves sufficiently to put their house in order, and keep it so, not by occasional spasmodic “setting to rights,” but by a general methodical overlooking of"all that is going on therein. Yet unless all this.is done, it is in vain to insist on early rising, or grumble about waste, or lecture, upon neatness, cleanliness and order. The servants get to learn that “missis is never in time!” and laugh at her complaints of their unpunctuality. They see no use in good management or avoidance of waste. “Missis never knows about anything. She may lecture till she is weary about neatness and clean liness. Just put your head into her room and see!” For all moral qualities, good temper, truth, kindliness, and, above all, conscientiousness; if these are deficient in the mistress, it is idle to expect them from servants or children, or any members of the family circle. —A Roman's Thoughts About Women. Opening a Wife’s Lf.tteus. —A legal question of a delicate nature is now exciting extraordinary interest in Westphalia, viz: whether a husband has a right to open his wife’s letters. The ques tion arose out of a suit for divorce, instituted by the husband, in which he obtained a decree; but the conclusive piece of evidence was a letter from the Lotharios, addressed to the wife, and the con tents of which would never have been known had not the husband Dcen so ungallant as to break the seal. The divorced wife at once prosecuted him for opening the letter, and the tribunal of Unnohas decided that he was wrong, and has sentenced him to a fine of ten dollars. An ap peal is pending, the result of which is anxiously watched for by the public. May is considered an unfortunate marrying month. A down East Editor says, a girl was not long since to unite herself in the suken tie to a brisk lad, who named May in his proposals. The lady tenderly intimated that May was an un lucky month for mai'rying. “Well, make it June, then,” honesty replied the swain, anxious to accommodate. The damsel paused a moment, hesitated, cast down her eyes, and said, with a blush: “ Wouldn’t April do as well ?” FARMER'S COLUMN. COMMERCIAL, AUGUSTA, Monday, May, 3, P. M .-Cotton.-' The sales since Saturday afternoon, 218 bales, us follows ; 3aC at 39 at 12J, 112nt 12J cents. Receipts 311 baleS. SAVANNAH, April 30.— Cotton. —The market con tinues quiet at unchanged prices. Saleß foot up 535 bales, at the following particulars; 26 at 121; 9at 121; 388atl2i; and 112 at 12§. We continue our quota tations: Middling 111® 12 Strict Middling 12 ®l2& Good Middling 12i®12f Middling Fair “ 121® 12§ CHARLESTON, April 30.— Cotton —The market was quiet to-day, the sales having been limited to some 352 bales, at about former prices. Babbit’s Saleratus. —People will use saleratus as long as bread is to be made. We never believed in this agent, and waged war upon it without any compromise, till wc saw Babbit’s preparation or rather the effect of it, in producing nice bread, and in this case, the saleratus tone was entirely wanting. That has bean the desideratum. Bab bit’s saleratus is all evaporated during the baking process. All we can say, throw your “ pottekery” saleratus into the gutter, and if you will use any, try Babbit’s. To Remove Rust.—- -To remove rust from steel, cover with sweet oil, well rubbed on it; in forty eight hours unslaked lime, powdered very fine. Rub it till the rust disappears. To prevent the rust mix with fat oil varnish four-fifths of well rectified spirits of turpentine. The varnish is to be applied by means of asponge; and articles varn ished in this manner will retain their brilliancy, and never contract any spots of rust. It maybe applied to copper, philosophical instruments, &c. London Field. To Prevent Sprouts. —Many trees are liable to throw up sprouts for yards around, and for years after being cut down, to the great plague and trouble of the owner of the soil, keeping him dig ging and grubbing, to remove the sprouts, io the detriment of his crops and his own patience— such for instance as locust, poplar, gum and others. To prevent this, all that is necessary, after cutting down the tree, is to bore a hole, say ten to twelve inches down into the stump, and fill with common salt. This will kill the living principle to the utmost extent of the roots. The best time probably would be some time in August, though I have killed locust in the Spring, and gum in August, while others that I did not salt kept me grubbing for years. Variety of Farm Products. —A celebrated French agriculturist, Gasparin, speaking of the advantages cf cultivating a variety of farm pro ducts, eloquently says: “We write upon our flag, Variety! That’s my advice. That rapid locomo tion which explores the world, which interrogates all climates—that spirit of investigation which is the characteristic of our age—all will concur in concentrating upon our soil the young produc tions snatched from rich countries, and we shall find means to naturalise. The most humble table shall be covered with new gifts: like that of the rich, it shall enjoy a diversity of food, which is the pledge of health, strength, and contentment. Uniformity, whatever may be the scale that we assign to it, is the worst of conditions : It is the spleen of the North; it is the misery of Ireland ; it is the rule and the chastisement of convents, the home-sickness of the barracks.” Sorgho Sugar Ca.ve. —Gen. Daniel Wallace writes to the Unionville Journal: “It is known to the public, I believe, that du ring the last summer I made several hundred gallons of molasses from the juice of the Chinese Sugar Cane. 1 understand a report is abroad that my crop of molasses has become sour, and is, therefore, worthless. So tar as I myself am concerned, I care nothing for the said report. Knowing from experience, however, that the Chinese Sugar Cane plant is a valuable one to every class of our peo ple, I deem it due to the public interest to say that the said report is untrue in every particular. “My molasses was of the most superior quality when first made, and so far from having deteri orated in quality from any cause, it appears to have improved ftom the effects of time until I feel warranted in saying, it is now equal, if not superior, to any syrup manufactured in Amer ica. D. Wallace. Shoeing Hens. —A friend of ours, boarding in the country, found his hostess one morning bu sily engaged in making numerous small woollen bags, of singular shape. Upon inquiry, he was informed that they were shoes for heps, to pre vent them from scratching. The lady stated that it had been her practice for many years to shoe her hens, and so save her garden. These “shoes” (I believe they are not yet patented) were of woollen, made somewhat of the shape of a fovyl’s foot with case, after which it is closed with a needle sewed tightly on, extending about an inch up the leg. Our friend observed that some of the biddies, possibly conceited with their new honors, appeared to tread as though walking on eggs— particularly wasthis the case when, fromtlie width of the shoe, one would conceive that their toes might be a little pinched. A better plan is that invented down East. You tie bits of iron, about the shape of a wish-bone to the hinder part of a hen’s leg, having the por tion not tied larger than the other. The hen lifts up its leg, steps down on this rearward pre jection, falls forward suddenly of course, and so is rapidly assisted out of the yard where it is de sired she should not scratch. The machine is called the Double Back Action Hen Expediter. It is a good sign to see a man doing an act of charity to his fellows. It is a bad sign to hear him boasting of it. It is a good sign to see the color of health in a man’s face. It is a bad sign to see it all concentrated in his nose. It is a good sign to see an honest man wearing old clothes. It is a bad sign to see them filling holes in his windows. It is a good sign to see a wom?n dressed with taste and neatness. >■ .Teddo. —The city of Jeddo is said to be without exception, the largest city in the world It con tains 1,500,000 dwellings, and the unparalleled number 0f5,000,000 of people. Some of its streets are sixteen Japanese ris in length which is equal to thirty two English miles. The commerce of Japan is immense, and the sea all along their coasts is covered with their ships. Their vessels are laden in the Southern portion of the empire with rice, tea, sea coal, tobacco, silk, cotton, and tropical fruits, all of which find a market in the North and then return freighted with corn, salt, oil, isinglass, and other productions of the North, which find a market in the South. A fiddle improves by age and use ; a piano does not, neither does a bell. There is perhaps, a slight improvement for the first few years, but afterwards the quality deteriorates. Metal we know, is altered by repeated and long continued hammering. Thump a piece of iron, and you change the quality of its magnetism; the shock of the waves modifies the magnetism of an iron ship ; and some of the music is knocked out of a bell by long continued use of the clapper. A pe culiar effect is noticed in the bell of Cripplegate Church, Scotland, when it strikes twelve. The first two or three strokes are distinct and clear, then a discord begins, which accumulates with every stroke until, with the eleventh and twelfth, a complete double sound is produced. Human Nomenclature. —‘ What’s in a Name?’ Everything. Chns. Lamb understood this mat ter when, speaking of giving chidren ugly Chris tian names, he said, * Don’t Nicodemus a man into nothing.’ A boy’s name has more to do with his happiness and prosperity than we are apt to, im agine. A diminutive, ill-sounding cognomen has kept many a poor fellow in the background all his days. And an unlucky nick-name, applied to the wearer by the carprice or malice of his fel owß, not unfrequently affects his peace and respect ability through life. We once knew a man whose real bona fide name was ‘ Stuffie Sickle.’ He was called Stuff Pickle, for short. Well—what of him? Nothing. He was ‘nobody,” of course, and his whole history ‘ nix.’ Reader! if you are young (as we hope you are,) and married (as you ought to be,) and should have sons and daughters (and may you be blessed with a half a dozen of such sort,) remember that much depends on nam ing them properly. Beware of top h eavy names-* such as Byron and Washington and Shakspeare— which only serve to belittle the wearer. Better by half call them all John and Mary, and then num ber as they do steamers in the West. Give them good, plain, manly, spelling-book titles, and then if any man ‘ nick-names’ your child, prosecute him for slander.— Selected.