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I TIM EL Y TALKS WITH FARMERS
I„ . .
Conducted By C. H. Jordan
♦ Subscriber* are requested to ad- ♦
♦ drew all Inquiries for information +
♦ on subject* relating to the farm. ♦
♦ field, garden and poultry to the ♦
♦ Agricultural Editor. All Inquiries +
♦ will receive prompt and careful at- ♦
♦ teatlort* No Inquiries answered by ♦
+ enail. Please address Harris Jordan. ♦
♦ Agricultural Editor. Monticello, Ga. *
♦ *
♦♦hhi mi >»< muni »♦♦♦
TILLING THE SOIL-
Agrieuitural writers for many years
have impressed upon the tillers of the soil
the great need of deep plowing and thor
ough tillage in the preparation of land for
all kinds of crops. The up-to-date, pro
gressive farmers at the south have spent
time and money In an earnest endeavor to
break and pulverise their soils in an earn
est effort to secure the highest degree of
growth and fruitage for their different
crops. There have been many kinds of
implements employed in the effort to bet
ter prepare our lands, many of which
• wopld do good work In one kind of noil,
while totally unfitted to give good results
r in another. From the old-fashioned two
horse turn-plow up to the most highly
and latest Improved disc plows, we have
•peat thousands of dollars trying to make
our soils yield up the natural plant foods
they contain and render them available to
growing plants. The right kind of expe
rimce. that which teaches us the best
poncy to pursue, can only be learned from
practical experiment.
ft was at first thought that the proper
time to turn under vegetation was during
the month of July or August, while it was
yet green and in the ripest stage of a rank
growth. Experiment early demonstrated
the fact that rank vegetation turned un
der while full of sap. during the hot days
•f summer, caused too rapid fermentation
and placed too much acidity in the soil.
In other words, the soil would become
•oar and much of its fortuity and useful
ness lost. The next step was to await the
coming of frost and turn the land after
all vegetation had passed from life into
death. Ths results were found to be not
only superior to the old plan, but a de
cided improvement along the line of build
ing up depleted soils. The mere turning
of land with its coat of vegetation was
soon found to be not all that was needed
to secure the results sought. Investigat
ors found that no ordinary turnlrfg plow
could be forced into the ground deep
enough to break the subsoil underlying the
top soil. and that unless this subsoil was
broken to a depth of from ten to twelve
inches the winter rains could not be held.
Tha Mallory Plow.
Unless the winter rains could be held
lajkds broken flush would wash during the
rainy season, the top surface more than
likely to run together and become ce
mented. with the possibility of considera
ble damage to follow fall and winter turn
ing If done after the usual fashion. Any
plow which woultf properly break and
spbsoil our lands without any of the above
attendant evils was the implement which
our people have been seeking for many
years.
A short time ago. while »n Madison.
Ga w r had the pleasure of witnessing a
practical test applied in the field with the
.Mallory combination turn and subsoiling
plow. I drove out in the country two
miles from Madison to see the work of the
plow, not from curiosity, but to find out
if the plow Would do the work claimed for
It by the owners and the farmers who
were praising its many virtues. The field
in which the test was made was In wheat
•tubble. covered with a rank growth of
crabgrass. The Mallory plow, which is
made of solid steel throughout, except the
handles, by Messrs. S. A. Turnell A Co.,
of Madison. Ga.. is a double-turner, that
is the wings of the plow hoe set out on
either side of the plow foot, presenting
somewhat the appearance of a hog-faced
shovel.
The point of the plowhoe is from 10 to 12
inches wide according to sixe of plow used.
With a pair of ordinary mules, the first
furrow run opened out 8 inches deep and
10 inches wide at the bottom. The wings
of the plow threw the dirt out for a dis
tance of 12 Inches on each side of the
center of the furrow. The next furrow
run parallel with the first one and at a
distance of two feet, ridged up and com
pletely covered all the vegetation grow
ing between the two furrows. By running
the furrows too feet apart the vegetation
in the field was. completely covered and
wide open furrows as above described left
open to catch and hold all the winter
rains. If run on a level or by terraces. The
method of subsoiling followed the opening
of the furrows. A long narrow diamond
pointed scooter was placed on the plow
and run tn the open furrow, breaking and
loosening up the subsoil from 5 to 8
inches deeper. In this way a field can be
quickly plowed and subsoiled. with a
trench 12 inches wide and from 10 to 14
Inches deep, left to catch and hold all the
water that falls during winter, while the
constant seeping through of the water
across the covered middles, together with
the winter freezes. will render the entire
NO GUESSWORK.
| Give Each Case Close Study, and Treat Ita Every Con
dition. I Use No Ready-Made Medicines.
Thousands of people are afflicted with
some chronic disease and have never
known a well day for years, although
they are constantly taking medicines. By
. giving the subject a moment's intelligent
• thought, they can easily see that their
_ S condition needs some special attention—
I F that there is no d° ubt Mme complication
CmbMFW which must be properly treated before a
-- VJ cure can be effected.
Chronic diseases are very obstinate, and
there are seldom two cases alike The
» same disease very often has a different
effect upon different people, and a medt
c,n® *h!ch will cure one case will do a
' seemingly similar case no good whatever.
/' Those who rely upon ready-made patent
medicines can easily understand why
they still suffer.
Almost every mall brings me letters
_from patients who are pleased with my
VC treatment from the very first, and who
y are delighted to find that I understand
’ their case, and prepare treatment to meet
DR. HATHAWAY. every effect which the disease produces
upon the human system. One patient
writes: "I would have saved hundreds of dollars and years of suffering if I had
placed my caw in your hands at first instead of experimenting with various medi
cines and so-called specialists. You seem to understand my case thoroughly.”
While 1 have cured many cases that had been thought incurable. I wish it
understood that I do not claim to perform miracles. I do offer, however, to
those afflicted with any chronic disease the most expert and skillful treatment
obtainable anywhere, and my superior equipment for treating these diseases is
based upon my experience of twenty years which have been devoted exclusively
to mv specialty. Before I undertake a case I understand It thoroughly Jn every
detail and know just what I can promise toward effecting a cure. There is
absolutely no guesswork and under no circumstances do I make promises that I
cannot fulfill. Anyone afflicted with
•ladder and Kidney Diseases, Stricture. Varicocele, Rheumatism, Ca
tarrh, Loss of Vitality, Nervous Debility, Blood Polson, Female Weakness
or any other chronic disease, should investigate the advantages offered by my
exclusive methods of treating these diseases. I give each ease my Individual at
tention hnd my success in effecting cures has never been equalled by another
phys'.cfah in the United State*.
FREE EXAMINATION.
I will take pleasure hi carefully diagnosing your case and charge nothing for
fny expert opinion and advice. If you cannot call at my office write for my com
plete symptom blanks, which will enable me to thoroughly understand your
case, am! give you intelligent treatment at your own home, as I have thousands
of others. Correspondence strictly confidential.
J. NEWTON HATHAWAY, M. D.,
5 Inman Building. 22 t-2 8. Broad Stree), Atlanta, Ga.
filled soft and pliable by spring. Another
feature of breaking land under this pro
cess, as worked out by Mr. Mallory the
Invention is that if the subsoil is wet the
first furrow opened with the turn plow
can stand a day or two before the sub
eoiler is used. On the other hand if the
subsoil Is hard, the first furrow can stand
until after a rain when the subsoil will
be softened up and easily broken. It has
been long known that rain water con
tains manv valuable fertilising properties,
and the fact that with the use of the
Mallory plow a field can be well broken,
turned and ■ubeolled, while at the same
time the winter rain* are absolutely held
in check by the process, make the plow
one of the most valuable for fall work
that has ever come under my observation.
Another notable feature was the ease with
which the plow goes Into the ground with
out any sliding or slipping, with its own
weight, and also the lightness of its draft.
I watched two good mules of ordinary size
pull the plow with ease, while they left
behind them a furrow deep and wide
enough for any ordinary ditch. The larg
est plow is Intended to be drawn with
three mules and is the most wonderful
implement for tearing up land I ever
Quick Work.
Any farmer with a good pair of mules
can turn and subsoil a field within one
third the time he can do it after the usual
method, and get it done 50 per cent better.
In the following spring all that is necessa
ry before plan Ung is to put in the guano
in every other one of the old furrows, bed
on it lightly and plant. The middles will
be found soft and the dirt can be easily
worked to the growing plants. Several
of the best and most practical farmers
who have been using the Mallory plow
for a year or two told me they found great
satisfaction in its work, and that through
its use had greatly increased the average
yield of all crops. There has never been
an implement Invented which is Its su
perior as a cotton stalk ripper. As a hill
side broadcast turner, I found it superior
to all reversible turn plows which I have
seen or used. In examining the different
features of the plow, I found that it could
be used not only for tearing up the sub
soil from 12 to 15 inches deep, but that It
can be used with scrapes in plowing the
crops during their various stages of
growth. The plow is most valuable for
the purposes intended, and I presume will
gradually come into general use.
HARVIE JORDAN.
EXCHANGES. ~
Burr Clover.
Exchange.
Burr clover comes up from the seed in
the fall and grows all winter, and grows
very rapidly in very early spring. It dies
root and top about May 1. shedding its
seed in burrs off on the ground to come
up again in the fall. It makes splendid
graxing in winter and early spring when
there is little else green. It is a fine land
improving plant. People plow up land
after It seeds in spring and plant in regu
lar summer crops, and the clover comes
again in fall just the same. It does fine
with Bermuda grass. The Bermuda turf
holds stock up in winter and spring while
graxing the clover. When the clover dies
in spring It fertilises the Bermuda grass
which does well all summer and fall. Cat
tle cannot graze burr clover close enough
to keep it from seeding. When you get it
you have it forever. It is hard to get a
start of. The seed are sold in the burr
and it would probably take several-bush
els to seed an acre thickly the first year.
Some of the seed also lie Over till the aec
ond year to come up. So be patient with
it and it will thicken from year to year.
To Capture Bee Mothe.
Exchange. » .
In a recent issue of Farm and Ranch a
subscriber asks how to keep worms out
of bee hives. We have had some expe
rience in handling bcea.and this was our
plan: Take a wide-mouthed jar or bottle,
fill it one-third full of water. Into wfhich
stir some sugar and a tatflespoonful of
vinegar, or enough of each to make it
pleasant to the taste. At dusk place the
jar near the opening of the hive, or on
top of it. In the morning you wilt find
the jar full of moths of every kind. Some
of them may be our friends, but I doubt
it. Many of them will be the veritable
bee miller. Take them out of the jar and
return It every evening to the hive; and
you will capture many of the orchard and
garden pests, as well as the bee moth.
We tried the plan and it worked well for
us.
Pear Blight Distributors.
An Exchange.
I have thoroughly worked out the ques
tion relative to bees carrying blight. The
conclusion reached is that bees carry pear
blight extensively, and with other insects
are the principal or almost the only agen
cy of distribution of the germs. The occur
rence of the blight on the blossoms in
great quantities and the great rapidity
with which the disease spreads from flow
er to flower Indicate a normal and very
effective method of distribution. The
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA. GEORGIA, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 1901.
germs were found growing freely in the
nectar of the blossoms.
Bees were seen repeatedly visiting the
infected flowers, and some were caught
taking infected nectar, and by means of
plate cultures the pear blight germs were
isolated from their mouth parts. By cov
ering parts of the trees with sacks of va
rious kinds of material, including mosqui
to netting, and then artificially infecting
certain flowers on the tree, the blight was
observed to spread very freely over the
uninfected and uncovered blossoms, but
was entirely absent in the blossoms cov
ered by mosquito netting.
Blossoms were infected and at once cov
ered with sacks and the- blight in such
cases was retained in the infected blos
soms. Pear blight germs died very soon
after being dried up, and lived for only
a brief period on exposure to weather con
ditions out cf doors, hence they cannot
live in dust and be blown around to any
great extent by the wind. Pear blight vi
rus, particularly that which occurs on the
blossoms, is a very sticky substance, and
is readily carried by insects, birds or other
animals, but cannot be blown by the wind.
It may also be well to state that as a
result of this serious charge against bees,
I was led to carry on an extensive se
ries of experiments in the pollination of
pomeaceous fruits, and as a result of these
I found that bees are indispensable to the
pollination and setting of most of our
pomaceous fruits, hence they should not
be destroyed, as some Cal growers think.
They simply carry the pear blight inci
dentally while performing an Important
and necessary function.
Warning to Fruit Growers.
An Exchange.
Those who expect to plant orchards or
trees of any kind this fall or next spring
■should be on their guard, especially in ter
ritories where the 17-year- cicada or locust
is duo. A destructive brodd of this insect
Will occur in 1902. They will be particular
ly noticeable in the eastern tier of counties
in Illinois, in Sauk county, Wisconsin; all
of Indiana, the western half of Ohio, and
in southern Michigan, extending to the
central portions of Kentucky, Into eastern
Tennessee, western North Carolina and
southern Georgia; western portions of Vir
ginia. eastern counties of West Virginia,
practically all of Maryland, Delaware and
New Jersey, eastern and south Pennsyl
vania, and a few scattered localities in
western New York, along the lake shore
and in Rutland county, Vermont.
This Is the largest of the 17-year-broods
of this insect. It last appeared in 1885 and
considerable damage was done to trees
and shrubs In the territory mentioned.
This Insect will appear in May in most
destructive numbers. During that time
they will deposit their eggs in trees and
shrubs, seriously injuring them. The in
sect cuts a deep slit in the twig in which
it deposits its eggs. These eggs hatch in
a short time and the young emerging from
them drop to the ground and remain be
low the surface for a period of 17 years.
It is the cut in the twigs during the time
the females are depositing their eggs that
causes so much damage to trees; particu
larly young trees. In view of the fact that
this pest occurs throughout such an im
portant fruit belt, persons who expect to
plant young orchards, particularly on land
recently cultivated, should take warning.
The chances are that trees planted this
fall or next spring on recently cleared
lands will be seriously injured, if not kill
ed, by this insect. The adult rarely, if
ever, takes food of any kind and lives a
short time only after the eggs are depos
ited. Due to the fact that the cicada is
not especially choice of trees in which to
deposit its eggs, fruit growers should be
exceedingly cautious and use every means
to keep these pests from young trees.
Trees of special value liable to be Injured
in districts where the pests will occur in
greatest numbers should be protected for
a few weeks with various kinds of cover
ings.
How Few Persons Escape a Toothache;
how many suffer unnecessarily. By the use
of Perry Davis' Pain-Killer the pain is almost
instantly stopped and a complete cure ef
fected. For a swollen jaw or face due to
ulcerated teeth, Pain-Killer acts like magic.
Do not suffer a moment but get a bottle.
Avoid substitutes, there is but one Pain-Killer,
Perry Davis'. Price 25c. and 50c.
Some Advantage of Experiment Work
On the Farms.
Every farmer should have a true knowl
edge of the needs of every piece of land
on hla farm. Indeed, every successful
farmer will have this knowledge to a
greater or less extent. It is all very well
to study the requirements of a crop and
ascertain what fertilizer it will need to
do its best. But if you neglect to study
your soil as well you are still working at
a disadvantage and cannot produce your
crops in the most economical .manner.
Almost all large fertilizer concerns
manufacture special fertilizers. There are
cotton fertilizers, potato growers, wheat
growers and vegetable and tobacco fertil
izers. These goods are prepared to meet
a number of requirements. They must
meet the needs of the crop as nearly as
possible, both from the standpoint of
analysis and from that dictated by experi
ence. They must suit all soils as nearly
as can be done, and they must not be too
expensive. Most of these goods are what
is called well balanced fertilizers, that is.
they contain the three principal elements
of plant food, ammonia, phosphoric acid
and potash, in the right proportion to
supply the needs of the respective crops
for which they were prepared and the
general run of land.
You can readily see that It would be im
possible for these concerns to prepare a
fertilizer that would suit all the differ
ent qualities and conditions of soil, as
those vary more greatly even than the
crops themselves. .
And so it Is that in using these fertil
izers we may be paying for and applying
material which our soil already contains.
Or our soil may be so lacking in some one
element of plant food that the amount of
this element contained in the fertilizer
fails to balance the plant food in the soil,
even though It may be well balanced in
the fertilizer itself. The result is that
the crop produced will not be as large as
the land is capable of making with a
fertilizer which would properly balance
the plant food already contained In the
land.
It' will be understood that when we
speak of plant food as being balanced,
we mean that the three principal ele
ments, ammonia, phosphoric acid and
potash are present in the soil or fertil
izer in the right proportion to supply the
needs of the crops we wish to grow. If
any one of these elements is present in
excess a part of It must necessarily re
main idle and its effect will be to produce
and unhealthy and unsymmetrical growth.
The ability of the crop to appropriate
plant food is limited by that element
which is in the smallest supply. If am
monia and phosphoric acid are plentiful
in the soil either naturally or put there
through fertilizer, and potash is lacking,
then the crop will be limited in a great
measure to what little potash there Is
present Is capable of producing. Thus
part of the phosphoric acid and ammonia
will remain unused. So also it Is with
these other elements, any one of them
being lacking she crop is limited to that
extent.
On nearly every farm there is a great
variety of soil and the successful farmer
is the one who studies and acquaints him
self with the needs of every piece of land
in his possession. This is where the value
of a little experimental work comes in.
We must go to the fields with oUr queS
| (ions. They cannot be answered defi-
nitely in the office or laboratory. A prac
tical field test of the different crops with
different fertilizers containing different
combinations of the elements of plant
food is the only way to learn how to fer
tilize, our land as well as our crops. Here
only can we obtain such practical Infor
mation as will enable us to use these fer
tilizers with profit and economy.
The idea that guano Is guano no matter
what its analysts or composition, that it
may be applied to all soils and crop® in
discriminately, will never go with the
successful and intelligent farmer. He will
find out what his soil requires and when
he buys his fertilizer he will see that the
elements of plant food are present in the
right proportions to balance the plant
food in his soil for the crops he intends to.
grow.
A few experiements with the different
elements Os plant food will cost but lit
tle. Acid phosphate or ground bone will
furnish you with phosphoric acid. Cotton
seed meal, dried blood, tankage and ni
trate of soda will supply ammonia; and
muriate of potash and kainit will give
you potash. Try these materials sepa
rately and together in different combina
tions until you find what your soil re
quires in a fertilizer. In using these dif
ferent materials remember that the "per
cent" Is the number of pounds of any
given element of plant food which they
contain per hundred pounds, and in ap
plying them figure on the pounds of ac
tual ammonia phosphoric acid and potash
you use and not on the total bulk.
To compute the analysis when com
pounding a fertilizer, multiply the num
ber of pounds of "carrier.” or body tn
which these elements are contained by
the percentage of plant food it contains
and divide the result by the total number
of pounds of fertilizer you are preparing
after the materials iire mixed together.
The result will be the per cent of this
element of plant food in your fertilizer.
For instance In preparing a ton of fer
tiliser we should use 1,900 pounds of 14
per cent acid phosphate, 800 pounds of 8
per cent cotton seed meal and 300 pounds
of 50 per cent muriate of potash. We mul
tiply the 1,900 pounds of aciu phosphate
by the 14 per cent of plant food It con
tains. the result is 14.000. We divide this
by 2.006. and the result Is 7.. or 7 per cent
of phosphoric aeid in Our ton of fertilizer.
In the same manner we find that the
meal gives us a fraction over 3 per cent
of ammonia, and the muriate of potash
gives us 5 per cent easily.
By a little study of the above method
one can easily learn to figure the analy
sis of any fertilizer you may wish to
compound. When mixing be sure to see
tnat It Is done thoroughly. The mass
should be shoveled over from one pile to
another three or four times until the
whole Is of an even color.
F. J. MERRIAM.
Battle Hill, Ga.
LOEHRTALKS TO MINISTERS.
Distinguished Missionary Tells Some
Interesting Facts of the East.
An interesting figure at the Methodist
preachers’ meeting Monday was Rev.
George Leohr, of shanghai. China, who
has been a missionary in that country for
a number of years. He was sent out years
ago from the North Georgia conference.
He has done a great work in China, most
ly educational. He is one of the founders
of the Anglo-China college.
Mr. Leohr is a son-in-law of the great
missionary, Dr. Young J. Allen, and is
his right hand man.
Mr. Leohr is a cultured Chinese scholar.
He is the author of several Chinese books,
and is a regular contributor to the lead
ing Chinese periodicals. One of his prin
cipal book is “The Lives of the Apostles.”
In China It la called "Sz Dvo Che LI Ah."
Mr. Leohr spoke of a book being writ
ten by Dr. Allen, entitled “Women in All
Lands—An Index to Civilization.” Several
millions of Dr. Allen’s books have been
sold In China. Japan and Corea. The book
which Dr. Allen is now writing, Mr. Leobr
said, was to be the ‘ author’s greatest
book.
Speaking of Suchow. Mr. Leohr said it
was the most important point of his
church in all the smplift.. He said it was
the most cultured city,, and haa a wide
reputation for beautiful women.
Speaking of Li Hung Chang, Mr. Leohr
said he Is conservative of the conserva
tives and Is not friendly to missions. The
young emperor, on the other hand, he
said, is the friend to missionaries and all
progress. The real Chinese, »he said, are
friendly to westerners and progress.
The opposition, he said, came from the
1 Manchus.
Drs. Parker and Atkinson, of the Gam
mon Theological Seminary, were present
ed to the conference and represented the
work they are doing for the negro.
DUBIGNON NOT TO RESIGN.
It is now stated gince the return of
Chairman Fleming dußlgnon from Sara
toga, N. Y„ where he spent the summer
recuperating his health, that he will not
resign the chairmanship of the state Dem
ocratic executive committee.
Mr. dußlgnon was at the capitol Mon
day. and while he would not talk for pub
lication, It is said by some of his friends,
although previously rumored, he will not
give up the head of the state political ma
chinery of the Democratic party, but will
remain at the head and direct the next
campaign.
Some time ago when Mr. dußlgnon was
forced on account of ill health to give
up his desire to make the race for the
nomination for governor, it was said that
he would also resign the chairmanship
of the state committee.
At that time his friends thought this
advisable owing to the state of his health.
Since that time however, Mr. dußlgnon
has regained considerable of'his vigor, and
it is said he wih be able to direct the
campaign next year.
In view of the fact that the campaign
promises to be a long one and to be a
vigorous fight on account of the Prohibi
tion partv having out a candidate in the
person of Mr. Dupont Guerry, Mr. du-
Bignon's friends say that his health has
improved to a great extent and that he is
stronger in endurance than he has been In
years. Mr. dußlgnon, in case he remains
as the chairman of the committee, will
be ably .assisted by Vice Chairman Ed T.
Brown.)
Should Mr. dußlgnon retire Mr. Brown
will succeed him.
SOUTHERN IRON AND STEEL.
BIRMINGHAM. Ala.. Sept. 24.—The re
port of pig iron and cast iron pipe ship
ments from the southern field during the
first eight months of the year shows a
considerable increase over last year, ex
cept in the matter of exports, which are
smaller than they have been since the
south entered the export field. The very
firm state of the home market had largely
to do with the falling off in export move
ments.
Pig iron shipments from Alabama and
Tennessee the first eight months of the
year amounted to 985.404 tons, an increase
over the same period last year of 149,455
tons.
Pig iron shipments from the Birming
ham district alone were 536.542 tons, an
increase over last year of 19,046 tons.
Export iron shipments were only 19.582
tons, an increase against 93.379 tons last
year.
Cast Iron pipe shipments from Alabama
and Tennessee were 110,419 tons, an in
crease of 64,711 tons.
Pipe shipments from the Birmingham
district alone were 54.434 tons, an Increase
of 40,593 tons.
Export pipe movements were only 2.039
tons against 19,483 during the same period
last year.
Steel shipments from the Ensley Steel
mill during the period were 38.632 tons.
Against this there was nothing done last
year, the mill having just gone into oper
ation.
The steel business is very young In the
sou— but it is growing rapidly.
Heroes That Didn’t Make Good.
Chicago Record Herald.
Rear Admiral Howlson seems to have re
tired with "Rix Jim” Parker Into the deep
seclusion reserved for heroes who have failed
to make good.
JERE M, WILSON I
DIES VERY SUDDENLY
UNEXPECTED DEATH CAUSE6THE
COURT OF INQUIRY TO
ADJOURN.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 24.-The Schley
court of inquiry was brought to a sudden
termination for the day eighteen minutes
after convening this morning by the an
nouncement of the sudden death of Judge
Jeremiah Wilson, senior counsel for Ad
miral Schley. •
The announcement was made to the
court by Hon. Isador Raynor, assistant
counsel In the following language:
"I have a very sad announcement to
make. I have just heard of the death of
Judge Wilson. I left him at 10 o'clock
this morning, slightly indisposed. I was
with him until late last night. I saw him
this morning at 8 o’clock and left him
at 10. We have confirmed the rumor
through the telephone that he has just
died at the Shoreham hotel, and I would
respectfully ask the court, if It meets
with the approval of the court, to adjourn
for today.”
Admiral Dewey said:
”1 have to announce that owing to the
death of Judge Wilson, of counsel, the
court will adjourn for today until to
morrow morning.”
Mr. Raynor said that so far as he could
now see the counsel for Admiral Schley
would be able to proceed tomorrow, but
he added that there would be a desire to
attend the funeral when it occurred. Ad
miral Dewey and Captain Lemley agreed
that this detail could be arranged later.
The announcement of Judge Wilson’s
death created consternation not only
among members of the court, but among
the spectators, and some minutes elapsed
before people generally would accept the
report.
All the members of the court, Including
counsel for the government and for Ad
miral Schley, expressed the utmost sur
prise and sorrow over the news, while
Admiral Schley himself said:
"The news Is so shocking that I cannot
trust myself to give expression to my es
timate of the man. I can onljj, say that I
have lost not only a clear-headed and bril
liant counsel, but also a dear and much
beloved friend. lam shocked beyond
measure at the news, and find myself al
most unable to accept the report.”
Lt was announced at the court room that
Judge Wilson’s death had occurred at 11:08
a. m., at the Shoreham hotel, and that it
had been due to acute Indigestion and
kidney affection.
The proceedings of the court were ren
dered very brief by the announcement of
Judge Wilson’s death. Commanders Bates
and Schroeder were recalled to listen to
the reading of the official report of their
testimony as given yesterday and First
Class Machinist A. B. Claxton, of this
city, who had charge of the port engine
of the Texas on the day of the battle of
Santiago, had just taken the stand when
the announcement of Judge Wflson’s
death was received. It had been expected
by the government that Mr. Claxton
would confirm the statement of Engineer
Bates, concerning the reversal of the
engines of the Texas. During the short
time he was on the stand Engineer Bates
was asked a few questions. One of these
was by Captain Parker, and was In regard'
to the steam log of the Texas. In reply
to the first Inquiry Commander Bates
said the log had been written up the day
after the battle.
Navigator of Texas Tells of the Loop.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 23.—The members
of the Schley naval court of inquiry found
the accommodations of the tool shop at
the navy yard somewhat improved when
it met there at the usual hour of 11 o’clock
today. The long -bare room which hither
to had been open from floor to roof, had
been, In appearance, at least, completely
transformed over Sunday by*the addition
of a ceiling of plain white cloth. This had
the effect also of improving the accoetics
of the hall, so thit the court and others
had less difficulty than formerly in hear
ing the witnesses.
Proceeding, Captain Lemley said he had
suggested such logs as he considered es
sential and he would have printed the
points considered pertinent. He then in
dicated the time that he desired covered
by the matter to be printed, but Admiral
Schley’s counsel objected and asked that
the entire logs (rom the t,me tbe fleet
left Key West until after the battle off
Santiago be made available. After some
exchanges of opinion on the part of the
council the understanding was reached
that such parts of the logs as either side
desired could be printed.
Commander Schroeder was recalled and
asked If he desired to make any correc
tions in the official record of his testimo
ny of Saturday.
“There Is one omission from Admiral
Schley’s remarks on the Massachusetts on
the day of the bombardment of the Colon
which I overheard which 1 should like to
supply,” he replied. “It is this: He said
when he came aboard that Admiral Samp
son would be there on the following day.
He made that statement in connection
with his remark that he was going In to
sink the Colon.”
Lieutenant Commander L. O. Heilner,
navigator of the Texas during the Spanish
war, testified that he had heard no guns
fired when the squadron approached Cien
fuegos. To his knowledge no effort was
made to ascertain whether the Spanish
fleet was in the harbor, or to destroy
Spanish works there. Nor had there been
any effort to communicate with Cubans
on shore until Captain McCalla arrived
on the Marblehead.
Witness was then asked to describe the
battle of July 3, and said:
"The Texas had been heading about
cast when the enemy was seen coming
out of Santiago. Lieutenant Bristol, who
was officer of the deck at the time, rang
to go ahead full speed, and put helm
hard to starboard to make a turn.
"When he was on deck he informed me
of what happened and I sent him below
and assumed charge of the deck. The
captain told me that he had eased the
helm until he could find out which way
the ships were going and he also ran half
speed. I suggested full speed. He said
the battery was not ready. I told him it
would be ready before the ship was In
position to fire, and then he said:
" 'All right,’ and, rang full speed.
"When the second of the enemy’s ships
followed the first to the westward he
put the helm hard to starboard. I made
several reports to him about the Brook
lyn regarding her signals. He said ‘Nev
er mind.’ I also referred to the way I
thought the Brooklyn was standing up to
fight—very nicely. The captain said: ‘Oh,
crackle. Never mind the Brooklyn. You
look out for this ship.’
"The Brooklkyn was then about her
port beam. So I said:
“ 'All right, captain, I will look at the
Brooklyn no more,’ and I turned my back,
looking on the starboard beam at the ships
getting out. After we sheared about and
got to the westward I suggested to give
her a little port helm to get closer in, and
he did. Right after he gave her this helm
he sang out through the sight hole to the
men at the wheel and at the engine room
indicator to slow, then stop, and I said:
" ‘Captain, they will all get away from
us.'
“He did not answer me. but immediately
stepped back, and then said:
“ ‘My Lord, captain, we are out of the
fight. Look at the Brooklyn.’
“I turned around, and right ahead at
us this big gray ship loomed out of the
smoke. For a second I thought my heart
was in my mouth. We were steaming
with a heavy helm and she steered by
us. When I saw her she was practically
ahead of us. That is the first I saw. She
sheered off and went to sea about 2,000
yards', and then on to westward. As soon
as the Brooklyn cleared us we rang to go
ahead and started up forced draft again.
"Then we simply followed on as fast as
we could on a line that was just inside
the line where the Oregon was engaging
the Ships. Just before this turn of the
Brooklyn, the lowa and the Oregon were
both close to us on our starboard helm.
We continued the chase until the Colon
hauled down her flag, when the captain
gave the order to stop forced draft.
Captain Lemley: "How near was the
Brooklyn to the Texas at the time you
saw her loom up in the smoke?"
“I did not make any estimate at the
time, but came to the conclusion later
that eh" was between 10® and 150 yards
from us. which was a much longer dis
tance than Captain Philip thought It
was.”
Captain Lemley: "Perhaps I should
have asked you In the first place the. po
sition of the -Brooklyn relative to the
Texas just before going into battle.’
"She was almost astern of us. That Is
because we were headed almost east. She
should have borne west by northwest.
She was heading for the land and I
thought she was standing pretty nearly
on her north course. I did not see at first
any indications of turning and I thought
she was going right In.”
"Looking back.” responded the -wit
ness, "I know that the time of the great
est danger for the Texas was when the
Brooklyn loomed out of the smoke right
ahead of us.”
He said in response to questions that
he had never sailed with a man who had
quicker sight or who handled his ship
to better advantage than Captain Phil
ips. He added that the captain had on
this occasion given successive orders and
that the Texas was backed "until she
was dead." On account of this Incident
two or three minutes had been lost and
fully three miles were lost to the ship.
A part of this delay, however, he said,
had been caused on account of the fault
of the ship's blowers, rendering the ves
sel slow In getting up steam.
When court convened Mr. Raynor con
tinued the cross examination of Com
mander Heilner. He asked him especially
concerning the official chart of the battle
off Santiago, exhibiting the chart. The
witness said he had been one of the board
of navigators who had prepared the
chart, and that he considered the map
inaccurate.
Mr. Hanna interposed to say that if the
point Intended to be made was that the
chart Ir Inaccurate, the government would
concede at once that this was true.
"It Is a great pity you never conceded
that before," said Mr. Raynor.
Mr. Raynor then commented quite vig
orously upon the fact that the chart was
an official document. The witness was
asked by Mr. Raynor concerning the
stoppage of the Texas when the Brooklyn
appeared in front of her.
"The signals.” witness answered, were
to 'Slow,' ‘Stop, and ‘Back.’ one right on
top of the other, before I could say a
word in between.”
"Does anything appear in your log
about that,” asked Mr. Raynor.
"Nothing.’ answered the witness. “It
was not on the log. I can tell you why
it waa not; because Captain Philip said
he did not like to have anything In it. I
swore to the judge advocate of this court
that I would not bring up a dead man to
substantiate anything I said, and that
I would not bring up this point, and 1
am sorry I brought it up. but Captain
Philip said he would not put it in his of
ficial report.
"Did you see any signals from the New
York on the day of the battle?" asked
Mr. Raynor.
“We did not receive any signals from
that vessel on Monday until in the after
noon,” replied the witness.
The witness also said that the New
York had not come up until after the last
Spanish ships came out of the harbor.
Captain Lemley here Interposed to ask
the purpose of the Inquiries and Mr.
Raynor stated that it was to be able to
make comparisons between Schley's
blockade and Sampson’s, because if it
could be shown that Schley’s blockade
was equal to Sampson’s he could not
be considered censurable.
He also said that ft would be shown
that the Colon was visible when Admiral
Sampson came up.
Captain Lemley objected, not only to
the line of questions, but to the line of
argument.
Replying, Mr. Raynor said that not
withstanding the strenuous efforts of Cap
tain Lemley to keep Admiral Sampson
out of the controversy, he would Inevita
bly be brought into It, not for the pur
pose of criticising him, but for the pur
pose of showing Admiral Schley had
merely obeyed the orders of his superior
officer, who was Admiral Sampson, in do
ing what he had done.
Story of How Squadron Coaled.
WASHINGTON, Sept. 25.—When the
Schley court of inquiry convened at the
navy yard at 11 o’clock today there were
general comments upon the fact that the
seat that had been occupied from the be
ginning of the sitings by Judge Jere Wil
son was vacant. He had endeared himself
not only to the members of the court, but
to all persons about the court. On ac
count of his sudden taking off sympathy
was ven' general throughout the room
The business of the court, however, was
promptly resumed at the usual hour.
Mr. Claxton said on July 3, 1898, he had
been on duty In the engine room of the
Texas. The engine Indicator had called for
full speed ahead early In the morning
which had, within an hour after the be
ginning of the action been changed to
"full speed astern.” To his knowledge
there nad been no signal for the reversal
of the engines. He said that he had been
excused from service in the engine room,
but still he knew that the engines were
reversed for about two minutes.
The witness had said that the engine
was stopped. x.
Rear Admiral Cotton, now commandant
of the Norfolk navy yard, who com
manded the auxiliary cruiser Harvard
during the Spanish war. was the next wit
ness.
He told of meeting the flying squadron
under Commodore Schley off Santiago
on May 27. 1898, and said that on that day
he had delivered dispatches to the Com
modore from Admiral Sampson and the
navy department. He had. he said, board
ed the Brooklyn at 2:30 o’clock.
“What was said about the dispatches?”
“I delivered them to Commodore Schley.
The original envelope in which the dis
patches were received by me at St. Nich
ols Mole together with translations of those
dispatches made by Lieutenant Beall, of
the Harvard. I handed them personally to
him in his cabin in the order of their date.
He received them, read them, and com
mented in a general way upon their pur
port: spoke of the difficulty he had had in
getting coal on board hi 4 ships while at
Cienfuegos and subsequently to the date
of which I am speaking—May 27 and said
it had been almost impossible to get coal
on board on account of the weather. He
questioned me relative to the practica
bility of coaling ships at St. Nichols Mole
and Gonalves channel. As to St. Nichols
Mole .1 said:
“ 'There is question but that the ships
can coal there. As to Gonalves channel.
I know of no reason why they should not
be able to coal there.’
” ‘How about the large ships at St.
Nichols Mole?’
•• I said: ’You can't coal your big ships
there.’ I had special reference in my re
'ply to the battleships and protected cruis
ers of the Brooklyn and New York clask
I said, thinking of the fact that my own
ship had been there and was of some 12,006
tons displacement, and nearly 660 feet
in legnth.
“Did this conversation occur before or
after the dispatches which you took
aboard had been read by the commander
in chief?”
"After.”
In response to further questions Admir
al Cotton said that he had the original
translations of the cipher dispatches ad
dressed to the Harvard. This dispatch of
Mr. Raynor called attention to the fact
Uiat there were- some material changes
in the dispatches as printed in the.official
reports by the navy department.
Admiral Schley’s reply to these dis
patches, dated May 29, in which he said
he could not obey the orders of the de
partment was then read and Mr. Rayn
or pointed out various changes in the
language of the department dispatch as
printed in the official report- He address
ee the court briefly concerning 'thsse
changes.
He said tnat Admiral Bchley had spoken
of the weather as “boisterous” and that
that word had been omitted from the
printed copy of the dispatch. He also
stated that whereas the admiral lj®d said
that 9.500 tons of coal woqld- be necessary
the printed copy made it- ten thousand
tons. It was also stated In the- original
that the Harvard was going to Port Roy
al. whereas Kingston had been inserted
in the printed copy. There also were oth
er changes.
"After you delivered the order and prior
to trie dispatch Which he delivered to
you to be sent to Kingston, what efforts
did he make to locate Cervera’s fltet to
your knowledge?”
"None to my knowledge.”
"Did he, with his squadron, at that time
approach Santiago?”
"He did not. I will qualify that to this
extent. The vessels of course were not at
anchor; they were moving about and
there were directions for movement to
ward the harbor of Santiago.”
The order of Admiral Sampson, which
is a letter known as the "dear Schley,”
letter was then read.
On cross-examination Admiral Cotton
said that while he had delivered four or
five dispatches to Admiral Schley he had
had the original only of one dispatch
which he had given. They had all been
translated by Lieutenant Beall and he
had not seen the originals of any but
that one. He had no record of any other
dispatches.
Mr. Raynor: "I think may be I caji
help you if you will let me. I will see If
I cannot refresh your memory. Are you
not mistaken about dates and is not trie
date of the delivery of these dispatches
the 31st Instead of the 27th of May. You
did deliver the dispatches there is no
doubt.”
"All the dispatches I received at St.
Nicholas Mole were delivered to Commo
dore Schley on the morning of May 27,
1898. There Is no mistake about that. The
dispatches I received at Kingston for
Commodore Schley were delivered on the
morning of May 31. There Is no mistake
about that.”
I♦♦♦♦♦♦♦lll 111111
4 • . ♦
♦ COAL FAMINE FORCED ♦
♦ SCHLEY TO DISOBEY ORDERS. ♦
♦ ♦
WASHINGTON, Sept. 25.—F0110w- ♦
♦ Ing is the text of the original dis- ♦
♦ patch sent to the, navy (depart- ♦
♦ ment: ♦
♦ Received dispatch of "May 26 by ♦
♦ Harvard off Santiago de Cuba. ♦
Merrimac’s engine la disabled and ♦
«fr she la helpless; am obliged to have +
her towed to Key West. Have been *
+ absolutely unable to coal the Texas, ♦
♦ Marblehead, Vljcen and. Brooklyn +
♦ from collier, owing to very rough ♦
<» seas and boisterous weather since +
4> leaving Key West. Brooklyn is the ♦
•> only one in squadron having more ♦
than sufficient coal to reach Key 4»
4» "West. Impossible to remain off ♦
■fr Santiago in present state of coal, ♦
+ account of squadron. Not possible +
♦ to coal to leeward of Cape Cruz in ♦
+ summer owing to southwest winds. ♦
+ Harvard Just reports to me she has ♦
♦ only coal enough to reach Jamaica, +
and she will proceed to Port Royal; ♦
also reports only small vessels
•fr could coal at Gonalves or Mole ♦
+ Hayti. Minneapolis has only enough +
+ coal to reach Key West and same +
of Yale, which will tow Merrimac. <•
It is to be regretted department’s ♦
4> orders cannot be obeye<l,earneßtly as ♦
we have all striven to that end. I ♦
•ft am forced to return to Key West ♦
via Yucatan channel for coal. Can ♦
4» ascertain nothing concerning ene- A
♦ my. Was obliged to send Eagle to ♦
<{> Port Antonio. Jamlaca, yesterday, ♦
4> as she had only 37 tons of coal on >
♦ board. Will leave St. Paul here. 4»
Will require 9,500 tons of coal at +
•fr Key West. • +
OIL FLOWS FROM WELL
While Boring For Water In Albany
Oil Vein Is Struck.
ALBANY, Ga., Sept. 24.—There is ex
citement In Albany today. The 10-lnch
artesian well which the city is sinking to
Increase the city's water supply has
struck a stratum of oil. The well reached
a depth of 900 feet yesterday afternoon
and the water which flows from It is cov
ered with oil.
The oil comes up In globules, rises to
the surface of the water and breaks, cov
ering the stig»am that runs off from the
well with a coat of oil.
The drill Is now In a rock and as it is
slowly sunk deeper the amount of oil
which rises is gradually increasing.
J. A. Lynch, the chief driller, who is
superintendent the sinking of the welL i«
just from the oil fields of Pennsylvania,
where he has sunk oil wells for 15 years.
He has predicted for some time that he
would strike oil here and today he is con
fident that the well will be a "gusher” as
soon as the drill passes through the rock
In which he Is now working.
The Albany Herald, always conserva
tive, today handles this sure Indication of
an oil strike as the biggest thing that
has ever happened for Albany and south’
Georgia.
There has been a constant stream of
excited visitors at the well this morning,
watching the oily water which flows out
at about 30 gallons per minute.
Options on adjoining property are being
bought and groups of men are clustered
about the streets excitedly discussing the
situation.
The belief is general here that a great
oil strike will be made -before the well Is
sunk much deeper.
SAMPSON RELIEVED OF DUTY.
WASHINGTON. Sept. 23.—Read Ad
miral Sampson has requested the navy
department to relieve him of his present
dutv as commandant of the Boston ndvy
yard on October Ist, on account of the
bad condition of his health.
Secretary Long has granted the request.
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