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[tIMEL r TALKS WITH wl
Conducted By C. H. Jordan
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4 Agrictt tural Editor, Monticello. Ga 4
ihiuhh
. RAISING BEEF CATTLE.
Emigration is pushing westward so rap
idly. adding to the natural increase in
population already in that section and cut
ting up the lands into farms, that western
• cattle ranges are rapidly becoming things
of the past. A large proportion of the
western beef is already being raised on
small pastures, while the big ranges, with
thousands of, heads of cattle herded by
cowboys, are becoming a tradition. The
Mg cattie kings whose herds roamed the
free government lands are being pushed
out of their lucrative business by the rapid
of civilization and the opening
up pf the'~brf*W*‘prairie lands to settle
ment. The cattle of the future must be
largely raised by. a multitude of small
fanners. ! .
With the passing away of free pastur
age on the prairies and reducing the cat
tle business to small herds southern farm
ers will once more be enabled to engage in
the business with every opportunity pre
sented for building it up to a highly pro
fitable industry. For thp past two years
there has been noted a’decided Interest
in the cattle business among Georgia
farmers. Last fall several hundred head
of young thoroughbred beef cattle were
purchased by Georgia farmers from near
ly everv section of the state. These cat
tle. direct descendants from some of the
best varieties of beef cattle in the whole
country, will be utilised In grading up to
a higher standard of excellence our cat
tle by crossing on our present undesir
able natives.
The introduction of the Jersey bull and
cow into Georgia, which developed into
such a erase a few years ago. has well
n«gh ruined what strains of beef cattle we
had in the state prior to the coming of the
Jersey. As a beef cow the Jersey is an
absolute failure, and about as poor an
apology for that purpose as the farmer
can find. when the Jersey is fat
and possessing good weight it does not
dress for beef in comparison wtth the
beef steer of same weight and order. The
Jersey will take on a preponderance of
tallow which sells for only 4 cents per
pound, while the we 11 bred beef strains
give in their perfect development the
highest quality of steak, which commands
a big price in the market.
Thirty or forty years ago the cattle in
Georgia were largely descended from
what was then known as the English
Durham. This breed of cattle grew to
enormous size and the cows were splen
did milkers and gave the richest kind of
butter. Our grandfathers raised steers
equal in size and value to the largest
steers raised In the west. But the Jer
sey erase has resulted in the ruin of our
beef cattle, and now we will be forced to
start all over again. The Jersey fills the
place they are intended for and for dairy
ing purposes they have no equal. I would
not have them displaced on the dairy
" farm, but I do object to seeing them -take
entire possession of the cattle industry of
the state and ruining our prospect for the
development of a beef cattle business.
What is Needed.
Everything should be developed tor the
purposes intended. The Jersev is just
about as much fitted for the beef industry
as the highly mettled race horse is for
the drudgery of field work in the hands
.of the average negro wage hand. I can
present no better illustration of what is
required than what I saw actually take
place at the Atlanta Interstate fair last
October. Mr. Sawtell. who runs a slaugh
ter bouse at Atlanta, two years prior to
the fair, bought a bunch of graded calves
in Tennessee, had them shipped down to
his yards and undertook the experiment
of feeding them on cotton seed meal and
hulls. His pasturage was limited, and the
feeding was done almost entirely in the
lot. He exhibited the bunch, then 3 years
old. in a pen at the stock department of
the fair. The bunch consisted of 40 or 50
head, and presented as fine an appearance
as any cattle I ever saw in the big stock
yards at Chicago. His heaviest steer
weighed, gross. 2.*W pounds, and the
lightest 1.488. Mr. Armour's agent from
Chicago Inspected these cattle and offer
ed Mr. Sawtell c cents per pound on their
feet in the pen. and wanted to ship them
to Chicago to Armour's big packing
houses. This price would have paid 3144
for the heaviest an-> for the lightest
steer. These price* naturally created sur
prise when it was well known that fat
Geqrgut-raised cattle were only command
ing from 2 1-3 to 3 cents per pound, deliv
ered at Atlanta or other markets. It was
stated that our cattle were not considered
good beef * cattle; that a large bulk of
their weight was made up of tallow, mus
cle and bone. Mr. Sawtell stated that he
would net » per cent of the value of his
herd, notwithstanding his steers had been
for two years principally fed on cotton
seed meal and hulls. While investigating
the cattle industry of Texas during my
recent visit to that state. I found that the
Texas farmers were growing a good grade
of beef cattie, and mat the average
weight of a Red Poll. Durham or Heres
ford at 12 months was from *8 to 900
pounds, and at two years old a young
steer should easily sell on the farm at
from 330 to 340 per head. Here we find the
difference between the value of pure
blooded or graded beef cattle and the
smhll. flat-legged natives, the descendants
from the Jersey, and knowing wherein
the trouble Hes, we can proceed to make
the right kind of changes tn the future.
This can be • done by purchasing pure
blooded sires of the best beef strains and
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We urgently request users of nar
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personal and financial references, etc.
Address
The Dr LONG CO.,
■ P. o. Bex 537. Atlanta. Ga.
gradually grading up our depleted stock.
A farmer who is not engaged in the
dairy business has no need of the Jersey
variety. Cows of the large heavy beef
strains make good milkers and will supply
the double purpose of furnishing his fam
ily wtth an abundance of good milk and
butter, while at the same time giving
good returns by producing calves which
can be converted Into the best class of
beef, and the mothers will sell for
good money when their days of usefulness
as milkers have ended. When we begin to
more fully appreciate the many advan
tages the south has over all other sections
of the country for raising the best qual
ity of beef we will begin to rapidly de
velop a paying industry as an adjunct to
our present farming interests. Then it
will come to pass that our people will
more highly appreciate the value of their
cotton seed and will introduce the sys
tem of exchanging their seed for meal and
hulls. With the meal and hulls these gra
ded cattle can be fattened for market, a
few on each farm, and 80 per cent, of the
value of the meal and hulls will be re
covered in the manure which can be
spread on our lands and the soil built up
to a high state of productiveness.
Instead of parting with a ton of seed
at 314. the farmers will be able to use
that product of the cotton Industry In
the double purpose of converting it into
high priced beef and valuable barnyard
manure. Then will a ton of cotton seed
be worth 350 instead of 314 to the produ
cer. Good beef always comamnds a high
price. The world will eat. even though
clothing may be at a discount. We pos
sess a magnificent climate, it is easy to
have green pasturage the year round, and
being the producers of the finest feed
stuff meal and hulls for fattening pur
poses. there is every incentive for our
people to rapidly branch out in the beef
industry, and make of it the most profi
table of all others to southern farmers.
That a decidedly noticeable interest Is
being manifested there can be no deny
ing at the present time.
That the question of improving our
present breed of beef cattle is being look
ed into by the farmers, is the highest evi
dence that the future looks bright and
encouraging. We must diversify more,
and there is no more paying Industry on
the farm than that of raising and selling
a few fine young beeves each year at
profitable prices.
HARVIE JORDAN.
EXCHANGES?
Killing Ants.
An Exchange.
Ants may be easily killed by pouring
a tablespoonful of bisulphide of carbon
into a small hole opened in the center
of the anthill and then quickly and tight
ly closing all openings into the nest. The
deadly vapor of this volatile liquid will
spread through all the galleries and tun
nels and kill the ants by the wholesale.
Treating a Cow’s Teat.
An Exchange.
I had a cow that had a hole cut In her
teat. I took a quill from the wing of a
chicken cut off both ends, took the pith
out and craped the outside. I left the
small end tapering and inserted it In the
teat to a point above the hole. I was
very careful, and worked the quill in like
a screw. After a few times the eat got
tender, then I left it in and kept calf
from sucking. The m*-k leaked out and
the teat got well tn a few days. Any small
tube will do. Would not let tube stay in
teat longer than necessary, as the orifice
In the teat might become so dilated that
it would continue to leak.
A Simple Remedy.
An Exchange.
To keep rabbits from gnawing fruit
trees, first kill a rabbit, cut It In two.
take the flesh or entrals and rub the
trees with it. so that other rabbits can
smell the blood' on the trees, and they
won't bother your orchard. One appli
cation in the fall will keep them away
all winter: simple and cheap, but a sure
remedy. Try It
Subsoiling.
• An Exchange.
Subsoiling, which constats in stirring the
sol! below the depth usually plowed, acts
differently in different soils and different
seasons. It makes more room for develop
ment and enables the plant to extract
food and moisture from a greater area.
By loosening up more of the soil, its ca
pacity for absorbing and retaining mois
ture is increased. By absorbing greater
amounts of moisture in winter and spring,
provision is made against summer d rout a.
The effects of subsoiling last from two to
three years and are more marked on the
growth of root crops, such as turnips,
beets, carrots potatoes and parsnips than
upon others. The best test as to profit in
subsoiling is to try it upon an acre and
note carefully the yield and result as
compared with a given area not subsoil
ed.
Value of Cow Peas.
From an exchange we reproduce the fol
lowing comparisons of values of stock
feed:
1. The relative value of certain forage
plants for pasturage by milch cows.
X The values of certain of these forage
plants for soiling milch cows.
X The values of certain of these crops
for milk and butter fat production when
pastured as compared with the value of
the same crop when soiled.
Among the most interesting conclusions
is the fact that cowpeas, even as far north
as Nebraska, gave better results in milk
and butter fats than any other crop.
The pasturage test of a number of an
nual forage crops made tn 1898 were with
a few exceptions duplicated in 1900, the in
tention being to note such variation as
might be induced by a difference In cli
matic conditions or in the individual pref
erence or aversion of animals for a certain
feed. ,
The crops tested were rye. oats and peas,
Indian corn, millet, sorghum, kafir com
and cowpeas, as representing the annuals,
also alfalfa and awnless brome grass.
Records were kept for the amount of
pasturage afforded, and the effect of the
feed upon the production of milk and but
ter fat.
The following are some average results
for two years:
The crops giving the largest amount of
pasturage were rye and sorghum. Indian
com and millet gave less annual forage
plants, although alfalfa and awnlesa
brome grass gave the least pasturage of
any. the former affording considerably
more than the latter. It must be borne in
mind, however, that the annuals may be
pastured only a certain period of each
season, while the alfalfa and brome grass
furnish feed early and late.
Cowpeas and alfalfa increased most
largely the yield of milk and butter fat.
Next to these came rye, oats and peas,
sorghum, kafir com and awnless brome
grass. «■ •' ,
Cowpeas produce an actually greater
quantity of milk and butter fat when cer
tain crops were pastured and when they
were cut and fed. The crops so tested
were alfalfa, sorghum and Indian corn. In
the case of each of these from two to
three times as much feed was procured
from a given area of land when the crop
was cut and fed as when it was pastured.
The same tests indicated that the aver
age daily production of milk and butter
fat was greater for the same feed when
it was pastured than when cut and fed.
This on an average amounted to 1.17 times
greater fat production from the pastured
than from the soiled crop. * ,
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, MONDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1901.
PEARL DIVERS.
Interesting Occupation of the Inhab
itants of Thursday Island.
. Bombay Gazette. t
Thursday Island is one of the most
curious and interesting bits of land on
the globe. It is the commercial center
of a race of people who live practically in
the sea.
They are the pearl divers of the Pacific
•ocean.
Thursday Island is one of the little
group of coral formation lying between
Australia and New Guinea. Taken to
gether, the largest of these islands con
stitute a calendar, with an island for
every day in the week, beginning with
Sunday Island. Thursday Island com
mands Torres Strait.
Representatives of nearly all the nations
of the far east may be seen any day
along its shores, disporting themselves in
the water—Filipinos. Japanese, Chinese,
East Indians, Fijians and Papauans. To
the right of the island, running 1,200
miles down the Australian coast, is a
stretch of waving green vegetation, ap
parently afloat upon the surface of the
placid ocean.
This is the top of the Great Barrier
reef, the most notable coral reef in the
world. Throughout its- length its banks
are lined with pearl oysters.
Thursday Island forms the great market
for these oysters. About >1,000,000 worth
of shells are raised annually along the
reef and on the western coast of Aus-
I tralia. The business of pearl fishing is
conducted on the basis of the profit from
the oyster shells.
The pearls are clear gain, the value
varying a great deal. One pearl found in
1890 sold for 310.000, another for 37.500.
Pearls worth 3100 are quite common.
The shells of pearl oysters are of enor
mous size, measuring frequently eighteen
Inches across. The oysters lie in the sea
fastened to rocks, especially coral rocks,
and quite away from sand and dirt. They
hang by thread like filaments, about a
dozen in a bunch.
The business of the diver is to cut this
thread and bring up the oysters. The
shells are worth from 3600 to 31.000 a ton
for the best, the poorest from 375 to 3300 a
ton.
The natives trade them for merchandise
and realize about 375 a ton on the. aver
age - A
Fishing is done In small boats or lug
gers. Each boat has a pumping apparatus
to force air to the divers under water.
The smallest boat, with apparatus, is
worth 33.000.
The business is very dangerous. Poison
ous fish, sharks and squid abound. Sharks
rarely attack divers, but contribute im
mensely to their nervousness. Squids
exude a quantity of inky black liquid,
which dangerously clouds the water.
Japanese are the best divers. They stay
under water longer, dare more and can
be relied upon better than any of the
other types.
Among the Malay natives women are
successful divers. They go down without
diving fastening stones to their feet
to help them sink.
Natives and divers are not allowed to
open the oysters. A careful watc<h is kept
to prevent the theft of gems, under the
eye of an experienced foreman. A good
operator can open a ton of shells in one
day.
It is supposed that a grain of sand get
ting underneath an oyster shell irritates
the bivalve and causes it te exude a carbor
ate of lime, which gradually coats the ob
struction until a pearl is formed.
Attempts to obtain pearls artificially
by slipping sand or rflasa under oyster
shells *have been but partially success
ful.
The greatest pearl fisheries of the world
are in the Indian ocean. The product
there is but one-tenth the amount of
former years.
Find Bostrom's Improved Farm Level
advertisement, and see what you get free.
THE WISDOMOFTHE SERPENT.
New Orleans Tlmes-Democrat.
“Whenever the dog days roll around I
always think of a snake story I heard in
Arkansas some years ago.” said a man
woo lives in this city now, “and while I
will not vouch for the accuracy of, the
tale. It has become a part of the history
of the county In which it was said to have
happened. I-ee is the name of the county
and the story developed about the time
the'county came into existence, about the
time it was carved out of sections of St.
Francis and PhHltps counties. Crowley’s
ridge, a chain of hills which break off at
the foet of the Ozarks and slope down
windingly through Arkansas until they
touch the Mississippi river at Old Town,
some distance below Helena, runs through
these counties.
“This chain of hills passes through the
centre of Lee county, following the line of
the St. Francis river. On top of this
ridge, at a very high point, midway be
tween Helena, in St. Francis county, and
Marianna, the county seat of Lee county,
there is a very’ large pond, and it never
went dry but once tn Its history. But
during a very dry spell In 1880 the water
in this pond disappeared. Farmers for
miles around had watered their stock
there when other places failed. It was
nearer to some of them than the river.
When it went dry they were forced to go
to the river.
“The pond was a perfect Mecca for the
snakes in the hills, and in the summer
evenings It would Income a seething mass
of snakes: dry land moccasins, copper
bellies, adders and rattlers would gather
around the pond, swim across it, wallow
In it, dive in it and cool themselves off.
When the water gave out they were in a
dilemma. What I have said I vouch for,
but now cometh the point of this yarn. It
was In the dog days when the water gave
out. The snakes were shedding and their
cast-off coverings could be found scat
tered all through the hills. They hit upon
a plan.
“Down In a deep hollow on one side of
the ridge they found a concealed spring.
No living man knew it was there. They
wanted to get water from this spring to
fill the pond, which had gone dry. They
constructed a hose, which ran from the
spring to the pond at the top of the hill in
this wise: They stretched out In an un
broken line from the spring to the pond,
and the hindmost snake let his tall drop
over into the spring; then they swallowed
each other’s tails and began to cfkwl
slowly through the chain of sheddings to
the top of the hill, and the water followed
them up the hill through the Improvised
hose and trickled out into the pond, and
so there you are. It's not my story. I’m
simply telling it, that's all."
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LOCAL APPLIANCE CO. lOOTbsrp Ilk., Indlanapnlin, Ind.
BOOTH'S CRIME RECALLED
BY AN EYE-WITNESS
MAN WHO PLAYED IN THE ORCHESTRA AT FORD’S THEATRE THE
NIGHT LINCOLN WAS SHOT TELLS OF THAT AWFUL TRAGEDY.
In the village of Wakefield, N. Y., there
is an old man to whom the shooting of
President McKinley comes home with es
pecial force. He i« William Withers, and
he was ones' the leader of the orchestra
in Ford’s theatre, Washington, and while
there he was an eyewitness of the shooting
of President Lincoln on the night of
April 14, 1865.
“In a life of 65 years, almost 50 of which
have been spent as an orchestra leader, I
have seen many strange things,” he said
to a New York Sun reporter on the night
Os the shooting of President McKinley,
“and I have traveled all over this conti
nent and Europe; but of all the things
that I recall none remains so indelibly
stamped upon the tablets of my memory
as the scenes of that terrible night. It
seems but yesterday since Lincoln died.
“Laura Keene's company was at Ford's
theatre, and on that particular night—it
was Good Friday—the play was the
'American Cousin,’ with Laura Keene as
the star. I was young and enthusiastic
then, and very much wrapped up in my
work. I had written and composed a song
which I called ‘Honor to Our Soldiers.’ I
had engaged a quartet and we practiced
time and again. Miss Keene had promised
me that it should be sung between the
acts that night.
“The entrance of the presidential party,
which was entirely unexpected, very ef
fectually put an end to our plan. The
party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln,
Major Rathbone and the two boys, ‘Tad’
and Robert Lincoln. They proceeded to a
box to the right of the stage, and four
teen feet above Its level. As the party
walked along the passage the vast audi
ence cheered enthusiastically, while the
orchestra struck up ’Hall to the Chief.’ I
had heard that played often at the en
trance of a president t,o some public gath
ering. and had frequently noted that the
chief executive Ignored It and failed to
acknowledge that he understood Its Im
port. Not so with Lincoln. He smiled and
bowed politely to orchestra and audience;
then with characteristic modesty, he with
drew to a far corner of the box, so that
his face was shaded by the curtain. He
did not sit In front, as has been erroneous
ly stated.
DRANK WITH BOOTH.
“Before the overture Wilkes Booth and
I had a drink together, and now that the
president was seated, I saw him moving
down the passageway leading to the box.
He seemed to be intently watching the
plays
" ‘What has come over Booth tonight,
I wonder, that he follows the play so
closely?’ I remarked to a member of the
orchestra.
“This was near the conclusion of the
first act. Just as the curtain was about
to be rung down,' J. B. Wright, the
prompter. sent word to me that it would
be impossible to produce my song that
night, because Miss Keene was nervous
over the unexpected arrival of the presi
dent, and was fearful lest something
would occur to mar the play. I was angry
at this, as Miss Keene had given me a
positive promise, and had said, more
over, that she would aid me as much as
she could. I was naturally eager to see
how the song would take as I was some
what proud of it. I made up my mind,
therefore, to go to t'fie rear of the stage
and remonstrate with Wright.;
“Just inside the door leading to the
point I wished to reach, the box contain
ing the governor which controlled the gas
jets of the, entire building was placed.
Leaning over this box was Spangler, a
scene shifter, apparently watching the
play.
“ Get out of my we#7 I exclaimed.
“ ‘What business bave you here?’ he de
manded. ■ ■
“ ‘I am going to see Mr. Wright,’ I re
joined. ‘get out.’
“The fellow moved away, and before he
had time to return to the box the whistle
blew and he had to make the changes for
the dairy scene.
, “I talked with Wright and left him in
disgust, as the Vest he could do was to
promise that. If possible, the song would
be sung after the closing act, when I
knew well that no one .would stay to lis
ten to it. I had stepped down one step
of the stairs on my way back to the or
chestra when suddenly a pistol shot rang
out. I stopped, wheeled about and saw
the dark figure of a man flying through
the air from the president’s box to the
stage. Half way his foot caught In the
flag and he fell to the floor. He was up
again in an Instant and rushing In my
direction. He held a dagger In his right
hand.
RECOGNIZES BOOTH.
“As he approached to my horror I recog
nized Wilkes Boot!).. His face was a ter
rible sight. It was drawn and white and
his black eyes blazed like fire and seemed
to protrude from his head. His long,
black hair seemed to stand on end.
"Let me pass! Let me pass!” he said.
“I stood stupidly staring at him and said
not a word. All at once he crouched low
and sprang at me. lunging with the dag
ger as he came. It cut through my dress
BWL S
1 uA® j®’
--.I ..
“Great Scott! That last bunch of excelsior had thistles in It!”
(V;
WITH HER LITTLE HATCHET.
Manager-"! don’t intend to Jtave any wrangling or disputing over the um
pire's decision during the rest of the season."
Captain—" How you goin’ to stop it ?”
Manager—" Going to engage Mrs. Nation for umpire.
coat, waistcoat and two shirks, but did
not graze the skin. He sprang again, this
time high in the air and struck me from
above downward. The point of the wea
pon buried itself in the back of my neck
after passing through the coat just below
the collar and I fell to the floor with my
face to the rear door. Booth leaped over
me, swung the door wide and dashed
through, slamming it behind him. As the
shaft of light from the stage pierced the
gloom outside I had a momentary view
of the picture framed by the aarkness. I
recognized the head and hand of “Pea
nut” John, and the heads of the two
horses he was holding. I did not know at
that time that Booth had broken his an
kle when he fell. He moved with remark
able activity. <
"I was dragged to my feet by a detec
tive whose name I no longer remember,
and led to the front of the stage. There
was great confusion and the stage wax
crowded with people who shouted for
vengeance, screaming, ‘Shoot him! Kill
him!’
“‘What is it?’ I asked.
THE STRICKEN PRESIDENT.
“ ‘Look.’ replied the detective, pointing
to the president's box. I did look and
saw the president’s head hanging over
the rail. His face was very white. Mrs.
Lincoln was wiping bls forehead with a
handkerchief, while Laura Keene stood
beside her holding a pitcher of water.
“ ‘Has Mr. Lincoln been shot?’ I In
quired.
“ ‘He has,’ replied the detective, ’and
you are under arrest.’
“I was taken to the police station.
There I told my story and assured the
authorities that it was Wilkes Booth
who had escaped. I was wounded, and
when the dagger was found an hour later
in front of the patent office I was dis
charged. Spangler subsequently confess
ed to his share in the t>lot. At the sound
of the pistol shot he was to turn out the
lights. Had it not been for me, he de
clared, no one could ever have identified
the assassin, as he would have escaped
in the darkness.”
Mr. Withers has been to Europe twice
under Sothern and was leader in a San
Francisco orchestra for five years. His
last engagement was under Daly, as late
as when "The Geisha" was produced.
Since then Mr. Withers has suffered from
an abscess of the ear and on that ac
count has been compelled to retire. He
looks much younger than 66.
SAVE TRAYLOR, SPENCER &
CO.’S TOBACCO TAGS.
The following brands of tobaccos man
ufactured by Traylor, Spencer & Co., of
Danville, Va., “Ballot Box,” “Maybelle,
“Plumb Good,” “High Life,” "Right of
Way,” “No. 1,” ’Tob White,” “Natural
Leaf,” Spencer’s Special” and “Good
Will.”
By saving tl.o tags of the above brands
(containing the name of Traylor, Spencer
& Co.), and sending them direct to The
Journal, Atlanta. Ga.. you can realize
two-thirds of one cent for each tag in
subscription to The Semi-Weekly Journal,
as follows: 75 tags will pay for six months’
subscription to The Semi-Weekly Journal.
' This amounts to 6 cents per pound on
tobaccos containing nine tags to the
pound, in payment subscription to The
Semi-Weekly Journal. Traylor, Spencer &
Co.’s tobaccos are sold direct from factory
to best merchants in all southern states.
Bundle the tags carefully and
send by mail with your name to The
Atlanta Journal, Atlanta, Ga. ***
MAY OPPOSE JELKS.
la Not Averse to Use of His Name For
Governor of Alabama.
BIRMINGHAM. Ala., Oct. X—lt is
stated in news articles that come from
the home of Dr. R. M. Cunningham, who
resides at Ensley, that he is not opposed
to the mention of his name as a possible
candidate for governor of Alabama at
the next eltection for that office.
Dr. Cunningham was former state sen
ator from this county and made an envi
able reputation in the general assembly
for his eloquence and power at debate.
While Dr. Cunningham is said not to be
—averse to the probability of his becom
ing a candidate for gubernatorial honors.
General George P. Harrison, of Opelika,
states that the use of his name in this
connection has been absolutely without
his authority.
It is, of course, understood that Gov
ernor Jelks is a candidate.
Dairying and Live Stock
Conducted By B. W. Hunt
4 Readers of the Semi-Weekly 4
4 Journal are invited to send en- 4
♦ quiries about dairying, live stock 4
♦ and veterinary matters to B. W. 4
4 Hunt. Edito? of this department, at 4
4 Eatonton. Ga. No questions an- 4
4 swered by mall, but caroful atten- 4
4 tion will be given to inquiries and 4
4 answers will be printed In thia de- 4
4 pertinent. 4
?44444< IIIJ I 1 1 »> I!I I I 3444?
Angora Goats.
Will you please give me the names of
some parties who raise goats in your
county. I want to buy some. Also would
you advise one to raise Angoras? Is the
hair or wool valuable and are they as
hardy and prolific as the others?
Thanking you in advance, J. E. L.
Covington.
Raising Angora goats will likely be a
profitable Industry in Georgia, some time
In the future. Whether It will be profitable
right now I could not answer, at least I
could not say It would be more profitable
than other live stock raising. The Angora
goat like our sheep, furnish two sources
of income, one through the sale of fleece,
the other of animals as meat. Mohair is
high, compared with wool, but the high
priced fleece is the fleece of a thorough
bred. well cared for. Compared with the
common goats of the south, Angoras are
not prolific. They will not raise several
at a litter, and several times a year as do
other goats. They are about as prolific
as sheep under similar care. Angora men
of the west claim the meat Is better
than other goat meat.,My neighbors, who
have raised them, do not agree with this
statement.
I do not think they are as hardy as
common goats; yet they are not delicate
or hard to raise here. The Angora goat
Industry to be successful and profitable.
In my judgment, would require many
nearby farmers to engage In raising them,
thereby being enabled to combine their
yield and eel 5 the mohair in larger quan
tities at better prices than could one man
alone. Mohair In manufacturing has to
go in with the class of fiber to which it
belong!, and the differences of the grades
in length of fiber, fineness, etc., varies so
that I do not think one farmer from a
small flock of goats .could possibly obtain
a good price for his clip of mohair.
It is likely there may come with in
crease of manufacturing in the United
States a greater and greater demand for
fine fibers, in which case the mohair
would not only bring better returns to the
farmer, but the demand for Angora goats
would of itself make the industry profita
ble. B. W. HUNT.
HEAD’S STATION, Miss.. Sept. 26, 1901.
The Atlanta Journal, Atlanta, Ga.:
Gentlemen—l would like to know what
blind staggers is; also the cause and treat
ment. If you will give me the above in
formation I will appreciate it. Have lost
two young mules with it this week. I am
a subscriber to your paper. Yours truly,
J. A. CROOK.
Answer: Several different diseases are
called blind staggers. Spinal meningitis
is one well marked disease called mad
staggers." and "blind staggers.” The
trouble in spinal meningitis becomes so
diffused, paralyzing the kidneys, bladder,
etc. that It would be hard indeed to
differentiate the affected from th® normal
organs of the horse attacked. It any
known medicine would cure horses would
not die of the disease in veterinary hos
pitals. The best thing to do Is to bleed
copiously when the horse is first attacked.
Take enough blood to feel a change or
softening In the pulse, then stop the flow
of blood. .
Then give in one dose:
Barbadoes aloes, 7 drachms; calomel, 3
drachms; powdered ginger, 1 drachm;
tincture of aconite, 20 drops.
When the animal will drink of his own
will give him in the drinking water half
ounce saltpetre. Injections per rectum of
warm water are beneficial.
It Is advised by Dr. Trumbower to give
every hour 1 drachm of Norwood's tinc
ture of veratrpm viride, 20 drops at dose,
and every four hours 1 drachm solid ex
tract belladonna.
Sometimes staggers attack a horse that
has been over fed, coming on from indi
gestion or engorgement of the stomach.
In this case it is best to give oil, castor
oil or raw linseed oil a full quart at a
dose, to which may be added ten drops
of Croton oil to be well mixed wittf the
quart of other oil. Do not allow the horse
to drink water.
If the oil does not act as a physic re
peat in about four hours.
Are you feeding sorghum? Better change
your feed and manner of feeding. If you
are trusting a negro to feed change and
attend to it personally.
See if any ergot in the hay or rough
feed. B. W. H.
Lump on Shoulder.
As I am one of the many readers to the
Atlanta Journal I would like to ask a few
questions.
1. I have a young mare that has got a
hump op her shoulder as big as a man’s
fist. It was soft at first, but it seems to
get harder, caused by the collar. Please
give me some remedy that will take it
away.
2. How can I kill buttonwood bushes in
a meadow? Wishing you and the many
readers of The Journal a prosperous year.
. A. J.B.
Statesville, N. C.
Answer: If the hump referred to is high
up on the shoulder of the horse it will
likely develop into a festulous sore if not
properly treated. All such sores or fistulas
can be easily cured provided an outlet be
made for the discharge of pus, so that
the sore may empty itself by gravity, 1. e..
run down hill. The outlet is the one thing
needful, and only needs to be large enough
to flow freely and be kept open by the
finger until the sore shall have recovered
and become sound in the center.
The natural way, If left alone. Is for
such sores to close up at the outlet before
the center heals. Hence the pus goes bur
rowing downward through the tissues and
so results the seriousness of fistulous
sores.
As soon as a soft place shall be formed
in the swelling push a small trocar to its
center. When you get a discharge of pus,
then cut from below upward a channel big
enough to insert the finger. Wash out
the sore with a solution of carbolic acid
10 parts, water 90 parts, which pump in
the sore with a syringe. Wash off with
soap and water all pus and carbolic acid
that comes from the sore. Every three or
four days run your finger in the outlet
and tear it open as it commences to heal
and not allow the outlet to close.
I have never yet known of a fistula so
situated that it could be drained that did
not heal promptly when treated as above.
Buttonwood bushes. I fear, will finally
have to be grubbed up, roots and all, to
clear the ground.-
I have heard that such plants will die if
cut in August, I believe the month is, but
generally I have gone on cutting bushes
year after year, when the added expense
may come to more than the great initial
expense of digging up the w’hole plant.
I do not feel as competent to advise as
farmers’ who have given more attention
to getting rid of bushes. Will not some
of our readers give their experience on
this line? B. W. H.
Oedematous Legs.
Will you please tell me through the col
umns of The Journal what to do for my
mule? When he stands in the stable his
hind legs swell almost to his baek; worse
in his fetlock. After I use him a short
while all swelling disappears. I feed him
corn add hay.' He weighs 1.000 pounds.
Any information you may give me will
be greatly appreciated. .
Murphy. N. C. A SUBSCRIBER.
Answer: Oedema of the legs is one of
the most common ailments among horses
and mules. More frequently the hind
legs swell than the fore. Some writers
think it is caused'by a deficient action on
the part of the kidneys. Horses that
have run at pasture,* as far as my obser
vation goes, always have swollen legs
when brought .to the barn and confined
in stables without exercise. A run in a
pasture lot will soon take out all the
swelling. I -have never specially treated
the trouble, always depending upon the
general health of the horse to bring about
clean legs, rather than medicine. In your
case I would fence a lot that the mule
could move about in and furnish him a
variety of food. Including home ground
wheat bran and home raised oats. Al
low the mule to graze in a. pasture where
he can obtain a variety of plants, almost
equal to a drug store collection and na
ture will prompt- him to. eat those he
needs.
If you really want to treat the legs I
prefer apple vinegar to any liniment I
know. I do not mean by apple vinegar
the composition sold in the stores called
vinegar, which is only a cheap axid and
water. I mean the, pure juice of the
apple, home made and unadulterated.
Some people add water to the vinegar
and some add to the gallon 2 ounces ni
trate of potassa.
If you cannot procure apple vinegar
a fairly good preparation can be mads of
gum camphor, 3 ounces: tincture aconite,
2 fluid ounces; tincture arnica, 4 fluid
ounces; alcohol. 1 pint; mix and apply.
If you feel that you ought to give
medicine give onca a day one drachm of
sulphate of Iron to the mule. B. W. H.
A Winter Crop.
I want to ask a question or two. I have
an acre of dark sandy land with mullat
to colored subsoil by my barn very rich,
and I put eight or ten two-horse loads of
manure on it every year and plant in
corn for forage. 'lt Is bare from October
Ist to May Ist. Can’t sow lij oats or rye
on account of chickens. I want. some
thing for a winter crop that will come
off in time for corn; something if poasi-,
ble, that will help Improve the land. The
land is rather rocky for clover.
Will be glad of any advice you can
give.
Would appreciate a reply by mail as
early as possible. 8. T.
Yachln, S. C.
Answer—Rescue grass or Bur clover,
either of these crops I think will please
you. They are annuals that come on and
are gone by the Ist of June.
The bur clover can be pastured all wint
er, stock learning to eat It. Rescue grass
like oats is a crop that affords the best
returns if mowed and fed to stock rather
than grazed. ' •
All grazing animals are exceedingly
fond of the green feed that Rescue grass
furnishes. Either of these two forage
crops will perfect seed enough to make a
volunteer crop every year. If the plow
ing for corn be delayed until the seed
ripens sufficiently. The rescue grass will
run up short seed stems near the ground
when mown, sufficient to reseed the laud,
and bur clover will send out enough low
creeping seed pods tQ IpxiJtzh jecd for the
ensuing crop. . ? .
If you prefer vetch- t crimson clover
they will do very well for the season you
name, but each of these necessitates re
seeding every year, which means a great
deal of plowing, harrowing and the pur
chase of expensive seed, all of which you
escape in the two crops first mentioned.
B. W. H.
The Cross Saddle In Boston.
Whether women shall ride astride or in
the old way has been agitated to such
an extent the past season that not long
ago I called upon Professor Clasen, in
structor in the Brookline Riding Academy
and chief advocate of the new method
about Boston, to hear what he had to say
on the subject. Naturally like all refonns.
it is meeting with a good deal of oppo
sition In Boston as well as in other cities,
although the cross-saddle, from news
paper reports. Is the only one used by
Boston women of the twentieth, century.
Whether it is to be universally adopted
or not one cannot at present say. but
the fact remains that the cross-saddle is
with us, that it has come to stay, and
that it has a most enthusiastic follow
ing. even though that following Is as yet
in the minority.
I will admit that ! have been slow to
conviction, having personally a strong
preference for the old-fashioned way. but
this summer while in New Hampshire
and southern Massachusetts I saw so
many young ladies riding astride appar
ently with perfect comfort, and looking
very attractive in the exercise, that I
felt it must have good points worth con
sidering. and gave Professor Clasen an
opportunity to add one more to his al
ready large following.
Professor Clasen is a man of education
and long experience, having been twelve
years reltmelster In the German army be
fore coming to this country, since when
he has taught in Brookline ten years.
When asked how many pupils h« had
taught to ride cross-saddle he replied'over,
four hundred, some of these being con
verts from the side-saddle. “I have r<ev
er known a pupil to abandon the cross
saddle for the old way, and all who learn
this method prefer It,” he said. Profes
sor Clasen heartily approves the cross
saddle as healthful for women, which af
ter all is the chief bone of contention be
tween the followers of the old and of the
new. However, nothing but a fair test
and time will settle this point.
Again, many women by thinking- any
sort of garb would do for
have called down criticism on their ap
pearance; Professor Clasen gave me a
number of photographs, one of which I
send you. which prove a woman may look
very chic riding astride.
The exhibition which was given at the
Boston Horse Bhow- last April under the
direction of Mr. Clasen excited widespread
Interest, altnough the exhibitors were
girls, not women. Taking into considera
tion that no one of them had taken more
than twenty lessons they semed wonder
fully at home in the saddle, walking, trot
ting and cantering at given signals, and
forming various figures with ease.
All Boston horsewomen, and many of
them our finest riders, are not riding this
way, but if the girls who are taught this
method adhere to it as they grow into
young ladyhood, the side-saddle may be
a curiosity here ten years from now. as I
heard one of the men most prominent in
eastern horse shows predict.
! WHIP.
« Ji
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the locality where you live. Bead u. year Udrwa and wewia
explain the hu..uM» fully, nat.aiUr w. «“““*••»'*" prpM
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5
