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II Talks LUith Farmers Conducted By C. H Jordan ♦ Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦ ♦ drew all inquiries tor Information ♦ ♦ on subjects relating to the farm. * ♦ field, garden and poultry to tho ♦ ♦ AgrP-uttural Editor. Ail inquiries ♦ ♦ will receive prompt and careful at- ♦ ♦ tention. No inquiries answered by ♦ ♦ mail Please address Harris Jordan. ♦ ♦ Agricultural Editor. Monticello. Ga. ♦ ' DIVERSIFIED FARMING. If there ever was a time in the history of our southern country when diversified agriculture had become a necessity it would seem that such a time had now come. Aside from the necessity which now so Imperatively exists for a radical change frrm the all cotton system, which broke down and ruined diversified agri culture for so many years, it would ap pear that at this particular time the country seems thoroughly ripe for the movement Public sentiment is in favor of our people producing all things needful in the south on their own farms, and large capitalised corporations are being created to give encouragement and as sistance to such a method of farming. That the southern farmers are rapidly waking up to an appreciation of their magnificent resource*, and are learning to develop them a* they should be, there can be no question of doubt. We see it in the annual increased acreage in grain, the daily click of the mowing machine daring the hay season, in the broad acres of corn, the extension as pasturage, the purchase of thoroughbred beef cattle for breeding and the unusual production of pork. U the cotton acreage is not les sened it Is a noteworthy fact that, espe cially in Georgia, there <bas been made, and is now being made, a tremendous in crease and growth along the other lines of agriculture just mentioned within the past few yean. The possibilities of the South Atlantic and .Gulf states in the development of cattle, pork, vegetables, grain, fruit, poul try and other supplies of like character are attracting th* attention of investors in Europe as well as tn this country. It is already acknowledged that the water fronts at Georgia's two principal sea port cities. Brunswick and Savannah, are equal to those of any others along the At lantic coast line. The countries of Europe are becoming each year more dependent upon the agriculturalists of the United States to furnish their dense population of consumers with those food supplies necessary* to existence. The southern states, through southern porta, present the easiest and most accessible territory of this country to be reached by Euro peans. A Produce Syndicate Forming. Naturally, owing to Georgia's geo graphical location, her magnificent water front, and her world-wide known re sources for the development of diversified agriculture, capital seeking investment for handling this line of our resources would first look to thia state. In order that our readers may know the objects and purposes of a large English syndi cate now being formed to do business in Georgia and adjoining states in the hand ling of all kinds of farm produce, except cotton, it will be here outlined, so far as I have been already informed. The name of this new. mammoth concern will bo the British. Southern States U. 8. A. Cattle Abattoir and Produce Co., Limi ted. with headquarters in London.- The company has organized with a paid up capital stock of 85«n*» with privilege reserved of increasing its capital to 8160.- tm.600. Last week Dr. John A. Harriss, of London, general agent of the company, reached Atlanta, accompanied by Col. Henry J. Lamar, of Macon, who is also Our Best Offer. TWO LOVELY PICTURES FREE 1 ii ji W/Af: ( 'T'O every new subscriber who will send us $ i ’ for one year’s subscription to the Semi- 1 Weekly Journal we wiU send post paid one picture of our martyred President and one of Mrs. McKinley; renewals to count the same as new subscribers. The pictures are mounted on black velour mats 11x14 inches and are beauties. Now is the time to get two good pictures free. Send at once before the supply gives out. ’ 1 Address The Journal, Atlanta, Ga. >.— a stockholder in the big concern. Being chairman of the general agricultural com mittee of the house of representatives, three gentlemen sought an interview with tne and requested an audience before that committee. The request was readily granted and our committee heard Dr. Harriss outline the future plans of his company last Friday afternoon, which in substance was as follows: The company proposes to erect during the next six months at some convenient point in Georgia, a million dollar con centrating point, which will be equipped with all modern appliances for carrying on the business of slaughtering cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, etc., can ning fruits and vegetables and operating an extensive refrigerating plant'. In ad dition to the central plant, there will be located at numerous points, sub-stations or agencies, throughout this and adjoin ing states, for the purpose of buying di rect from the farmers all cattle and oth er kinds of produce for sale, which will In turn be shipped into the concentrating or central plant. From the latter point these various kinds.of food products will be prepared for consumption, shipped to the port of Brunswick or Savannah and there loaded on a line of steamers, to be owned and operated by the company, direct to Lon don for distribution into the various channels of trade on that side of the At lantic. The company already owns a line of vessels numbering 18. which is now at their immediate command. Dr. Harriss. who is an Englishman, stated that the population In England had already become so dense that there was left but little farming lands to cultivate and that Great Britain was rapidly becoming a nation of consumers, and her people felt that the south was the nearest and best medium through which to obtain needed food sup plies of every character. He stated also that the firms of Lipton company, limited, and Peterson company, limited. were large stockholders in his company, and were among the wealthiest produce mer chants of London. He further stated that his company was not asking for sub scriptinn or monetary assistance of any kind, simply the moral and active support of our farmers. That la. his company wanted the farm era of Georgia and adjoining states to take sufficient interest in the work of the new company, to raise all the cattle, fruits, vegetables and other food pro ducts which would be required to success fully carry on the extensive business con templated. In addition to shipping these food products to Europe, Dr. Harriss tes tified that on the return voyage of these vessels they would be loaded with potash saits used In our comemrclal fertilisers, and a class of desirable emigrants which would be intended to aid us tn solving our present labor problems. These emigrants would be selected from Wales. Scotland. Ireland, and the countries of Sweden. Norway, and Germany. That each emi grant must exhibit to the state a cer tificate of good character before being permitted to land tn this country. What It Means. The permanent location of this mam moth concern in Georgia, with its numer ous substations tn the various counties, will mean the immediate establishment of a local market at the highest cash prices for everything which our farmers have to sell, from a dosen eggs up to a bunch of fat beef cattle. There will be nothing tn the produce line which the agents of the company .will not J>uy from the seller, rib -fixed rules regarding the number or weight of these various commodities, and the cash will be paid tn full, prices being regulated by our daily market reports, as now seen in the press. Dr. Harris made the statement in reply to a question asked, that his company could easily handle every car load of peaches and melons rais ed in Georgia, taking them direct from the producers at their local stations, stating further that his only fear now was that production would not equal for some years to come the demand of his company for all the produce wanted. The establishment of such a business here in Georgia would mean the abolition of the trials and losses now Inflicted upon our people in being forced to ship the products of their farms to commission houses In distant cities. It would mean the solution of exhorbitant and excessive freight rates from southern to eastern markets.so much complained about each year by our fruit and melon growers. It would mean the permanent lo cation of a good spot cash market In every county, where the seller would receive the value of his products on delivery and not depend with fear and trembling upon the return of account sales from foreign commission merchants. The nearer the seller can be brought to the doors of the last handler of his products the near er .he comes to reducing all the fixed charges to a minimum which are put upon his products along the line between the THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7. 190 A . ♦ WITH THE EXCHANGES. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦«!♦♦♦♦♦»♦ The Farmer’s Boy. To the farm the world is largely in debted for her successful men and her great men. Among those who nave risen to the highest gift at the hands of their countrymen, in our own country, we give the names of several of our presidents, who were born and grew up on the farm: John Adams, the second president, was the son of a farmer of very moderate means. The only start he had was a good education. Andrew Jackson wa? born in a mg hut in North Carolina, and was raised in the pine wooas, for which that state is fa mous. James K. Polk Epent the earlier years of his life helping to .dig a living out of a farm in North Carolina. Afterwards he clerked in a country store. Millard Fillmore was the son of a New York fanner and his home was a very humble one. James Buchanan was born in a small to' n in the Alleghany mountains. His fa il* cut the logs and built bls own house in the wilderness. Abraham Lincoln was the son of a very poor Kentucky farmer and lived In a log cabin until he was 21 years of age. General Grant lived the life of a common boy in a very common house on the banks of the Ohio river until he was 17, and later in life he hauled wood to St. Louis as a means of livelihood. James Garfield was torn Ip a log cabin. He worked on a farm until he was strong enough to use carpenter tools, when he learned that trade. Atterwards he work ed on a canal. “Honor and shame from no condition rise: Act well your part—there all the honor lies.’’ The American Farmers. American farmers ought to be the most prosperous people in the world, for they feed and clothe more people than any two nations of the earth. They produce the stuff and the people of the earth must have our surplus and must pay good round prices for It. In this country one man can grow food for 100. No other people, in any age. can or could do as much. Then, if the American farmer has the world at his mercy, by virtue of his su perior intelligence and industry, why should he not be rich? Well, we suppose it Is because he has no power to regulate the price of his products, that being done by produce gamblers after the farmer has alienated them. The Future of Armita. "The fall maneuvers in Germany and France.” says the Loplsvllle Courier-Jour nal. "have brought out from British mili tary critics very severe strictures. One writer thinks he has discovered that the vaunted German military system Is a fig ment of the imagination. Another grave ly states that the French army Is un trained for war, at best, according to Eng lish ideas. There are, however, those who do not admit that English Ideas about war are a criterion. The criticisms on the German and French maneauvers were un doubtedly prompted by adverse mention of British operations in South Africa. It has been reputedly said In France, Ger many and elsewhere that the Boer war has demonstrated that Great Britain is no longer a military nation. These amenities anqong military critics need not be taken too seriously.” Liberty of Interpretation. A church was a considerable time with out a pastor. A great number of persona of varied talents preached to them with a view to obtaining the post. A very ambi tious young man was asked to supply them for a Sabbath. All went well until he gave out the text: “See that ye refuse not him that speaketh.” Imagine the consternation the people experienced when he read out the text In a lofty and GOOD POSITIONS. You may, without paying to the college a cent for tuition, until course is complet ed and position secured, attend one of Draughon's Practical Business Colleges. Nashville. St. Louis. Atlants. Montgom ery. Little Rock. Shereveport, Ft. Worth and Galveston. Send for catalogue: It will explain all. Address: "Credit Dep’t., L. O. Draughon's College." at either ‘of above pieces. Note premium list in this Issue, make your selection and subscribe at once. farm and the final consumer. When the products of our farms have to pass through the hands of half a dosen peo ple before they reach the consumer the producer is forced to pay all the commis sion charges and which are figured out of the price made to the producer. Dr. Har ris says his firm will prepare circular letters to be sent to farmers In every county in the state, asking them what they now produce and If they will plant certain other crops which produce pro ducts wanted by his company. In this way a detailed statement of the resources of the state can be obtained and also an acreage soon agreed upon for the production In quantity of such produce as the company will want that Is not now ex tensively raised. I am firm In the belief that the moment our people are assured that a good local market will be establish ed in their midst for diversified products of all kinds that the time would not be far dtatant when this English syndicate would he jfully supplied with all the food products of every kind they require for their European trade. A sudden demand of this kind for cattle would give a tre mendous impetus to that line of industry in Georgia. Our farmers would soon be realising from >3O to 840 per ton for their cotton seed in having them converted into meal and hulls, feeding the same to cattle, which would command high and profit able prices, and carefully preserving the manure to build up their present depleted soils. Other states will be called ypon to con tribute products until such time as the farmers Os Georgia will be able to fully supply the needs of the company. I have In many articles urged the needs qf just such business plants In Georgia as an incentive to the rapid development of our diversified industries, and as a solution of many problems which now confront us. Head of the Sndicate. The financial head and active spirit in this movement with which Dr. Harris is associated is Sir Thomas Lipton, of Lon don. the owner of the Shamrock which recently figured in the international yacht races near New York. Sir Thomas Lipton is one of the largest and wealthiest produce merchants In Eng land. He already has extensive slaughter houses in the west and a line of refrigera tor cars to transport the product of his packing houses to the port of New York, where shipments are then made by steam er direct to his immense plants In London. His packing business In this country is conducted very much the same as those of Swift & Co., Armour and others, the only difference being In the fact that the products of his plants go across the wa . ters to foreign consumers, none being handled locally in the United States. The company is therefore strong enough finan cially to carry out every promise made. Its stockholders are already Identified with us In trade and business relations. The location of this plant based upon the ob jects and purposes stated will revolution ize farming in Georgia and present the best possible means for reaching quick prosperity in the development of diversi fied agriculture. We stand ready to do our part. All we ask is for these English people to invest their British gold i» our midst and open the gate through which we can enter. HABYIE JORDAN. I! SUGGESTIONS FROM OTHERS ; ■ i »♦♦♦»»»+♦ OLIVES IN GEORGIA. During the last few years fruit culture is becoming one of the most Important avocations of the Empire State of the South. The great peach section, of which Fort Valley Is the imporium. is shipping each year millions of bushels of Elbertas, Georgia Belles and other luscious peaches into northern markets. But there is, another fruit from which millions of dollars might be realised were the attention of fruit growers directed to its culture—the olive. Last summer while in Europe the writer noticed olive oil used with almost every kind of vegetable. Lettuce and cucumbers are given a relish by this means that renders them delicious. This oil could be manufactured in Georgia from olives grown on our own soil. On the plantation of Mr. J. S. Blasin game, about six miles from Roberta, there is an olive tree literally teeming with fruit, and Mr. Hugh Bankston, near him, has also an olive tree filled with this noble production. The fruit is wholesome and mildly laxative, having a similar effect to that of olive oil- i Thousands of dollars are made each year in California by the culture of the olive. Why cannot Georgia engage in the same industry? The climate and resources are ours. Let us make our own olive pickles Instead of Importing them. Farmers, plant olives instead of more cotton. I will state parenthetically that the al mond also, by a little care and attention, may be grown on Georgia soil. An El Dorado awaits the planter capi talist who possesses enterprise enough to break from the agricultural traditions of the past and seek broader fields of devel opment for the possibilities of grand old Georgia. S. W. R. HOW TO GROW TURNIPS. You heax a great many people say that they caji’t have any luck with turnips and they are going to quit trying to raise them. Most people think if they do not sow turnips in July there is not any use to sow at all. But this is a mistake, for a north Georgia farmer. If you wish to grow tender, sweet turnips, select new ground or if you cannot have “fresh land,” if you will rake the rich, loose dirt in the woods and mix two or three loads with plenty of manure. Be sure and plow your land three times; the first should be plowed about a month before planting, so as to kill the weeds and grass. The last of August or Ist September is soon, enough to sow seed. This is certainly a lazy man's crop, for it requires no work after planting. Let the turnips grow until the middle of De cember, then cut part Os the salad; be sure to leave the bud part on the turnip, pile them in the open field about five or ten bushels In a heap; lay a few boards next to them and cover with dirt. Let It rain on the bank and you will have nice fresh turnips aU winter and until late in the spring. Years ago before Vanderbilt made his mansion at Asheville. N. C., there lived an old man at that place who owasl hundreds of acres of mountain land. And also broad acres of fertile valleys. This old man had several children, one who. was a kind of wild, disobedient son. To his other children he deeded the level valley land. To this reckless son he deed, ed the rough mountain side, which was considered then almost worthless. Rut when Vanderbilt took a fancy to such a place and wanted TeTiulld a palace there. Os course this wild son was no fool. So when Vanderbilt wanted his mountain his price was several thousand. These mountain pebple that own so much fine timbered land should net be too anxious to sell, especially for a mere trifle. ~ Talk about certain parts of south Geor gia being eaaeclally adapted to'peach culture, but wdiit until you try the Elber tas from north Georgia. People are go ing wild over the Elbertas. Hundreds of acres of land are being bought at a cheap price for the cutiva tion of peaches, and many acres of the arlginal forest oaks will suddenly be ehanged to a peach and apple forest. Look at the hundreds of acres al ready planted and see tlta trees loaded with such delicious fruit so juicy, so sweet you do not need any sugar for these peach pies. People that have plenty of land and think it too poor to moke a living on and sell it for a mere song, will certainly, be sorry soon, and will pay a dear price if they ever want their same land back. This part of Georgia is not only suita ble for peaches and apples, but the finest vegetables you ever saw grow here In this loose black mountain soil. The Florida people that spend the sum mer here say our vegetables are much nicer than theirs and not so apt to make one sick. We north Georgia folks are afraid to eat melons and early vegetables that grow in south Georgia. I enjoyed Bridges Smith’s article so much about "Collards." I would like very much to send him a mess of mountain collards. HOW TO MOVE CROP QUICKLY. GRIFFIN, Ga., Oct. 25, IftOl. Editor Atlanta Journal: I notice con siderable complaint from some of your correspondents of the railroad failure to 1 move the cotton crop from various sta tions. It strikes me the railroad commis sion could provide a remedy. If they would pass up an order requiring the rail roads to move the freight say In 48 hours after being delivered to them or pay to the consignor the dame demurrage charges the railroads make against con signees for failing to take their freight from the railroads within 48 hours after arrival. If It is just for the railroads to charge and collect from consignees for falling to remove th<=4r. freight after a cer tain time, then it is equally just for con signors to charge and collect demurrage from the railroad for failure to forward their goods within a reasonable time. Should the railroads refuse to pay to con signor demurrage for failing to forward their freight then repeal all rights for the railroads to collect from consignee any demurrage. I think should the railroad commission adopt such a rule as suggest ed there would be but little complaint in the future of the railroads to move all freight tendered them. Yours respectfully, W. H. BREWER. HOW TO SOW LATE RYE. W, B. K., Julia, Ga.—l wish to aow a piece of ground in rye, though it is late. The ground is a red, stiff clay soil and poor. What do you think of broadcasting same with salt. If it be of any benefit to soil or crop, then how much per acre? Answer—Salt has but little or no fertil izing properties in it aside from perhaps a trace of potash. Salt is said to be good to check the spread of rust in wheat by broadcasting in on the land. I do not think you would derive much benefit from it broadcasted on land sown in rye, as I have never seen rye with rust. If you have a quantity on hand, however, you might broadcast 200 or 300 pounds per acre and watch the result. I should prefer something else as a fertilizer for rye, such as cottonseid, stable manure or a com plete commercial fertilizer. Rye cah be sown as late as December with good re sults and will always make a fairly good crop on thin soils, such as you speak abouL ♦ WITH THE EXCHANGES. ♦ ♦ —*— + Success of Free Rural Delivery. • Chicago Record-Herald. Whether free rural mail delivery can be made to pay the cost of maintenance or not its success as a practical extension of the postal service has been demon strated beyond all controversy. There 'a no longer any question about its value to rural communities or its acceptance by them as a welcome institution for bring ing them in closer touch with the centers of industrial and educational interest. J No department of the federal service has had such phenomenal growth or such prompt manifestations of popular appre ciation. A Washington dispatch to The Record-Herald recalls the fact that The first appropriation to inaugurate this ex periment which was only $10,006. was made five years ago, the route running from Charlestown, W. Va. The appropriation for the sendee during the present year is 83,500,000 and the postmaster general will ask congress to allow 86.250,000 for next year. On the first of next month there will be 6.000 routes in operation, one carrier , to each route, and each carrier aerving an average of 600 persons. If the present pol icy of the government in the matter of free rural delivery extensions is main tained long enough it is only a question of time when it will cover a million squarl miles of territory and will serve not less than 30,000.000 persons. As an agency for the dissemination of popular Intelligence in rural communities and for promoting the good roads move ment f~ee rural mail delivery is one of the most gratifying achievements of the decade and merits all possible encourage ment. The postoffice department should insist on a high standard of post roads as a con dition precedent to the extension of the free rural delivery. To Make the Future. * The man who makes of himself the greatest success is the man who, under adverse circumstances, takes off his coat, rolls up his sleeves and sails in to make the most of what little he has. When everything is. prosperous and there is plenty in the land and customers crowd about the counters, the need is not so great. Now is the time for our people to egt down to work. The tide has turned in cur direction. Let us take advantage of it, throw out books tn all directions and land as mueh fish as we can. Ouf boat Is seaworthy and as competent to .handle and take care of as many new in dustries as those of anybody else. Let us not sH down with tilted-back chairs and feet comfortably elevated to await, believing that what will be will be and what will not be will not happen. Let us force it to be. inhere has never been a time In our history when we could offer better Inducements, when we could with greater pride invite capital to examine pur claims and make its home among us. Our future w'll be what we will choose it to be. The Average American. Dr. Henry Gaunett in Everybody's Maga zine. The average American to a man five feet eight inches in height with a chest girth of 36 inches and a weight of 150 pounds. He is nearly kn inch taller than his English cousin and more than an inch taller than his distant cousin, the German, • He probably looks over the heads of all European peoples. In weight, however, he Is exceeded by both Englishman and Ger man, being of slimmer and lighter build, although he Is probably as heavy as the average European. His family consists of one wife and three children, a fourth ehild having died in infancy. His age is 37 years and he ex pects to lira 30 longer. His. expectation of 11 le is greater by a year or two than that of the representative of any other peo ple, those who. most nearly approach him being our kjn. the English and Germans. His wife is 35 years of age, is five feet four inches in height and weighs 120 pounds. She will live to the age of 68 years as her exjXtctation of life is slightly greater than that of her husband. They j Some Phenomenal Memories. Prof. K. 8. Holden in Harper's Magazine.* Many of the greatest men have had phenomenal memories. Caesar knew the names of thousands of soldiers in his le gions. A modern man of science often has a prodigious memory for special iermln olngy. Prof. Asa Gray assured me that he could at onee recall the names of some thing like twenty-five thousand plants; Theodore Gill can do the same for fishes. Our memory for mere words is itself much more extensive than Is gen erally admitted. The average well-to-do rtiild of two years of age has a vocabu lary of some five hundred words, and its father may have the command of 20,000 more. The 10 000 verses of the Rig-Veda' have for 3.000 years been accurately pre served In the memory of the Brahmins. Not one Brahmin alone, but thousands can today recite it word for word. Then sands of Mohammedans, likewise, know the Koran by heart, as dll learned Chi nese know their classic books. The chiefs of Polynesia can and do repeat hundreds of thousands of words in their genealo gies—taking days and even weeks for the recitation. Hundreds of pianists can play all day, and many days, by memory: and 1 have myself seen Von Bulow conduct Beethov en's fifth symphony without a score. Chess players • have a visualizing mem ory; musicians have an auditive and a motor memory; while arithmetic prodigies may have any one of the three. DOING THE RIGHT THING. The trouble begins with a tickling in the throat and a nagging little cough. Soreness in the chest follows and the pathpt won ders if he is going to have an all winter cold. Probably. If he does the wrong thing or nothing. Certainly not if h« uses Perry Davia* Painkiller, the staunch old remedy that cures a cold in twenty-four hours. There is , but one Painkiller, Perry Davis.' How to Cook Sweet Potatoes. There Is no nicer way of cooking sweet po tatoes than in the genuine southern style. 801 l them until nearly, not quite, tender; pour off the water and stand the uncovered kettle on the back of the range to steam. When ready to brown, peel and cut in lengthwise slices. For a pint of sliced potatoes, put two tablespoonfuls of butter in a fryinx pan or chafing dish. When very hot lay the potatoes in sprinkle two tablespoonfuls of sugar over them, and then pour two tablespoonfuls of vinegar over them lightly, and cook until brown. It is claimed that sweet potatoes are richer with twice cooking, even If fried *n deep fat. For $1.40 we will send The Semi- Weekly one year and the Five Vaseline Toilet Articles and any one of the premium papers offered with The Semi-Weekly at SI.OO. This is the greatest offer ever made and you should take advantage of it without delay. Spaghetti With Oysters. With oysters again in season, try spa ghetti with oysters substituted for cheese. Stew the spaghetti in boiling salted water until tender, rinse in cold water to re move the starch and put in layers In a buttered pudding dish or the small rame kins, alternating with oysters, seasoning and white sauce. " Cover with bread crumbs dotted with butter and bake until brown. NO CURE. NO PAY. MBS.—If you have (nail, weak I organs, loot power or weakening J> xm drains, our Vacuum Organ Developer "S' WM wUI restore you without drugs or H» V electricity; Stricture and Varicocele prrmaaentiy cured 111 to a weeks; J ' tdPw TS.MS tn use) not one failure; not .+J one returned; effect Immediate; no C.O.D. fraud; write for free partieu lars, sent sealed in plain envelope- LOCAL APPLIANCE CO- lOCTkerp Nik., laAlutpdllt, 111 Dairying and Live Stock Conducted By B. LU. Hunt , Readers of the Semi-Weekly ? Journal are invited to send on- ♦ ♦ quisles about dairying, live stock ♦ ♦ and veterinary matters to B. W. ♦ ♦ Hunt. Editor of this department, at ♦ ♦ Eatonton, Ga. No questions an- ♦ ♦ swered by mail, but careful atten- ♦ ♦ tlon will be given to inquiries and ♦ > answers will be printed to this do- ♦ ♦ partment. , I I' I I i I f l ! »4‘ Bone Meal and Ashes For Stock. Some years ago I found that my cows, calves, colts and brood mares all were greatly benefited by feeding them hard wood ashes, and phosphate of lime. I have kept tip this practice for years. ■ The fol lowing is taken from Professor Henry's writing in the Breeder's Gazette. It is re liable and should be studied as carefully by colt raisers as by the swine breeders I fully believe that the absence of lime and ash in the rations of colts is the source of the heretofore fatal disease called Big head. The only experiments in using bone meal as a feed for pigs so far as known to the writer were those conducted by him a number of years ago. A series of pig feeding experiments were being conduct ed In which pigs were maintained exclu sively on corn meal in order to ascertain what effects followed the use of this sin gle feed. Os course it was unnatural to cause growing pigs to live on corn alone, nevertheless we wished to know definitely what would follow such abnormal use of a single fodd so rich in carbohydrates and so poor In protein and ash material. It was found that the growing pigs living on corn (with water and salt ad ditional!. It was most interesting to ob serve the difference that a little bone meal or wood ashes made to such cases. The pigs getting these materials grew more normally and made better gains for a giv en quantity of feed. They were not per tect specimens of hogs from the breed er's or feeder's standpoints, nevertheless the bone meal or ash material improved them. At slaughtering time the thigh bones of th® pigs under experiment were broken under a testing machine to see how strong they were Further, the thigh bones were burned to a muffle and the ash that remained was weighed. Here is the result summarized for three trials with these pig” living on com meal with or without bone meal and hardwood asnes in addition: i When I When I When t . . bonemeal ashes I neither J was fM. | were fed. t was fed. Cern meal re-1 quired to pro-1 d'ice ion lbs. I of ere to I 4*7 lbs. I 431 lbs. 1 62 s lbs. Average break-! irp str«nx h! of thighbones' GBO lbs. | 3*l lbs. | 301 lbs. Average ash in thigh bone ; l66 graree.ileO arsiwe, 1"7 grams. ‘ It will be seen from 'the table that pigs ' getting bone meal or ashes gave the more economical returns for a give weight of meal. Their bones were about twice as strong as shown by the breaking test and further they contained considerable more mineral matter. In regard to the amount of ashes and bone meal consumed, it may be stated that to one of the trials with growing pigs, which lasted 112 days, corn meal be ing the . qnJy given, nigs con sumed 16.5 pbPnds of bone meal and 7.5 of salt. In the same time two other pigs consumed 33 pounds of hard-wood ashes and eight pounds of salt. The bone meal was given in the slop and the ashes to a separate trough. The pigs were confined in pens with board floors and were allow ed to run in yards for exercise, the yards being covered with boards likewise to pre vent the pigs rooting in the earth and eating more or less of It. Os course the pigs were kept in an abnormal condition, but we were experimenting. When pigs are kept in a normal condi tion and receive a variety of feeding stuffs it is usually not necessary for the stockman to use bone meal. If he feels that bone meal is necessary a table spoon ful a day to each pig put in the slop Fould be sufficient to get any possible benefit. It will be equally well as a rule to allow pigs to have free access to hard wood ashes and this should always be done or some other substitute given. Pigs which can root to the earth no doubt re ceive benefits therefrom. Gritty matter probably kills intestinal worms and may correct the abnormal conditions of the stomach or Intestines. In the great corn districts hogs are constantly losing to quality, as is shown by the common com plaints of "too fine bone." “broken legs at shipping time,” "sows have too few pigs." “pigs- bom weak." and so on. Bone meal, ashes, rotten wood, coa. slack. slacked lime, mortar and similar substances are all helpful in feeding pigs. AU of these, however, singly or combined, eannofcmake up for the loss of a suitable variety of feeeding stuffs, some of which should be rich in muscle building food (protein) and ash fqr. the bones. Skim milk or butter milk is the ideal feed for young pigs for both bone and muscle building. Middlings or ship-stuff will prove helpful. Then let the stockman use clover, alfalfa and blue grass additional. With these feeding stuffs on the bill of fare some corn can always be given, and as the fattening period ap proaches more and more may be supplied with profit. W. A. HENRY. Pan-Amarican Dairy. The representative associations of the different breeds of dairy cattle weuld not themselves take the responsibility of en tering their favorites. Hence the manag ers of the fair selected five each of the cattle belonging to the breeds named in the following table and tested them on their merits. The result is as follows, table made to September 17, 18M: •p»»j woo nmxi. g jggsisgsg ——'issaissais tmj ui«j» »«v»a agaeggapsßi 7“ RRgSas 5! g V- ~ pej •*»!!» •paj Xeq jo aftr«A| -p-WH J” i nnoJ ~ Ja 7 Kasatfaaaua eweo « »» •wnnq jo jonotny 1 " ■ <O. ... 1 •Xitui spunoa . I ..., jKMaMMra* I ; NNHiIHi - ’ 'htKtHii The fair 1s not yet over, but the relative positions of the families near the top will not likely change materially. The Jerseys have been slowly gaining on the Gurnseys as the end grew near, but the time is not sufficient to make up the 87.54 lead now held by the fawn and whites of the second of the group of Chan nel islands. For true economic compari son. a test of this kind should have been planned from the first te last one year. The farmer's dairy cattle, that are hia — .n—~. .... ■■ reliance for income, are these showing the largest net profit for the whole jyear. A dairy plan cannot be other than sur prised at the good showing made by the Red Polls. The few of this breed on thia continent must have deprived the partleg. in charge us any chance of selection that could be compared with most qf the other breeds. - . .. . . The Dutch Belted have been a surprise to me by their poor showing. I hsve usuaily observed these cattle for nearly 30 years in the dairy districts about New Tnrk city find supposed they were above rather than below the average. ■!. an? Inclined to think good specimeno we*c not sent to Buffalo. In the <*hse of the Jerseys not a big yielding cow developed in the herd. Their leading position compared with the rest is result of an almost equal dairy merit in ail the members of tiie herd. The Guernseys numbered a truly great cow in Mary Marshall. Her bull calves should be in great demand, and the coun try should be benefited by the prominence given the excellent dairy breed to which she belongs aryl wtoch fir so largely in debted to this one turpasstoc cow for its premier position at Buffalo. . _ B. W H. »♦♦♦♦♦♦ I >Ti ♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ WHEN EXECUTIVE MANSION + ♦ WAB IN DOOLY COUNTY ♦ ♦ By E. F. Strozier. ♦ It is a fact perhaps not generally known that at one time the executive mansion of the state was located to Dooly coun ty. True the "mansion” wa* not as pra tenttous as the present Peachtree resi dence of Georgia's chief executive,, but nevertheless it sheltered Georgia's gov. ernor for a brief period during, a trying and stormy .time in the state's history. Joseph E. Brown will be remembered to history as Georgia's war governor. Os his qualities it is Mnneeessary to speak- His public life is a part of t..e history of the state, and it is sufficient for the pur poses of this article to say that he was. at the beginning of the war. an ardent se cessionist. and moreover he was a man of action. When the state delayed the pas sage of rhe ordinance of secession, and when that measure was being apposed by such able Georgians as Alexander H. Stephens and Herschell V. Johnson. Gov ernor Brown growing impatient of delay and foreseeing that Georgia must inevit ably follow her sister slates in thoir withdrawal from the Union caused tho arsenal at Augusta and the forts below Savannah to be seized and occupied by state troops. This was the act of a bold and farsighted executive, and had the Confederate arms triumphed, all well and good, but should failure come tho gov ernor's embarrassing and perilous position can readily be seen and appreciated. Four years passed and with those years the hopes of the Confederacy. J ' The governor himself doubtless remem bering his somewhat prematura action tn the matter of the Augusta arsenal and. Forts Jackson and Pulaski was in nowise anxious to come into close contact with the Yankee officials. He doufitlese con cluded that It would be the part of wis dom to move the seat of government <*r at least the head of it to some more re tired community than Milledgeville. The place selected showed the fine judgfh»nt , of the governor, for I Have no 14s* that it ever occurred to Bherman to look for Confederates in the wll<J» into which ha * retired. In the southern portion of the state lay a vast tract of sparaely settled pine lands, known then and now as the wiregrass region of Georgia. This vast expanse of primeval pine forest began at a point about 30 miles south of Macon and stretched away to the Florida Una The few hardy pioneers who Inhabited this region lived in log cabins and their chief source of revenue lay tn their herds of cattle and flocks of sheep that roamed tho woods at will and subsisted upon the na tive wiregrass. Few people In this sec tion owned slaves and it was generally looked upon as not only an unproductive but an unhealthy cotintry. Several years before the event 6f which 1 write GcV ernor Brown had purchased a tract <3f several thousand acres of land in the heart of the wiregrass region In the south ern portion of Dooly county. It wts. to this place that Governor Brown refugeed after the fall of Atlanta, and when It be came apparent that GeorgS would be overrun and every Important point invest ed by the Federal forces. The house occupied by the governor and . ’ his family and which for the time became ,. t the executive mansion of Georgia, was a , typical home of th« better class of wire grass land owners a»»d cattle raisers of that day. it was built of hewn pine logs, two sto ries high, and consisted of two big trout rooms and two shed rooms down stairs, separated by a wide open halt A wido veranda ran the entire length of the build ing In front, and glasa windows and brick chimneys gave it an air of importance over the humbler dwellings of that section. The house stood upon a gentle eminence* • at the intersection of the Blackshear and Trumpville roads, in the midst of a clear- , Ing or field somewhat larger than usually found to that section, and which waa shut to on all sides by miles of almost un broken pine forest. To the westward, scarcely a mile away, the waters of Gum i creek leisurely found their way to the bosom of the Flint and just over, the crest of the eminence to the east arose the headwaters ot the Alapaha. Neighbors were few and far between, but It is not to be supposed that fact detracted from the desirability of the place at that time. More than 40 miles intervened between the nearest railroad station, and here un disturbed the governed - remained.with hia family, while Sherman ent his way from Atlanta to the sea and the Federal au thorities made diligent but fruitless search for Joe Brown. Governor Brown, white wcathy, is said to have been frugal in bls habits and old-fashioned in hia ways, and there is a legend still extant in these parts that when he refugeed to this place he did not fail to bring with him a peculiar and favorite species of collards, which he caused to be trans planted in the wlregraes garden, and • which were known as J3rown” lards. Time and progress have wrought great changes in the wiregrass country ainca the days when Georgia's governor sought a refuge here. Dooly county and the wire grass section are justly proud of tho won derful progress that has been made, but the city of Cordele will always proudly claim as a part of her ancient history the fact that at one time upon this spot stood the executive mansion of the state. Z— " A ,JL"~TSI Car ISKOsMSOrf si(.o9 Watch. wuiyWwS :-A“;hs:s , f»r US ■KKrkYRw&T W wenr u •‘Mar* WANT.'t'jfiSßra o« «nck cm*. Se**C. °* £r L J. «ILET, This watch is Huottar Jeweler. mm. indie#' rize; 2gW*nehan M. larger than ent. AUaalS. OS- \ I I TO-——l ■ 5