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4 The Semi-Weekly Journal Entered at th* Atlanta Paatofflo. aa Mall Matter of tha Sacocd Clara Tb* flaml-Waakly Jocjtxl U pubtt»h --•4 OB Montero and Thursday*, *ad ■tailed tn Uxm far all tha twtoa <- SS ■au~3 "SK, Srtsjsr u's%“s='. w su“3 SUttagvUhad ooatrtbutora. with otrong Aartenltvral. Veterinary. Jzv—ll*. Book and other department* it aneda] raiuo <0 the heme and farm. A<enta wanted in every community tn the South. RemJttancea may be mate by poet ofSoe money otter, expreee money or der. re*t«tered letter or chock. Pm cone who eend poetag* atamyo tn payment for zubecrtpUon* are r*qu*«- ed to eee»d thooo of the 9-eeat denoml natlon. amount* terror than M oaata poetofnoe order, expre.. order, ebook or rectatered mall. _ Sabeertbere who wish their charred abould give both the eld and the new noetofflee eddreee. VOTTCS TO THE PUBLIC -Th* only wavettW repreoantativee at Th* Journal are C. J. O’ Farrell. 3. A. Bryan and Jaa. Conaway. Any other who himoelf aa connected with The Journal aa a traveling anont la a fraud, and we will bo reeponrtblo only tor money paid to the above 1 —~* I—■ wruhria. MONDAY, DECEMBER 23. IWL Don't forget to leave the door open. This Is where the thermometer gets the drop on us. Thia aert of weather is a lead pipe cinch for the plumber. Really, the way Prince Henry is cutting up does beat the Dutch. , Happy is the man who has the balance of Christmas presents in his favor. Captain Hobson may learn to take a reeelpt for his engagement ring in fu ture. The Dreyfus case seems to have become decidedly passe so far as Paris ia con cerned. All reports seem to agree that this Is another one of those “coldest Decembers on record." And still tt does not appear that Sec retary Gage has as yet heard of bis res ignation. » This Is the season of th© year when even the. bad boy pretends to like to go to Sunday school. / Senator McLaurin seems to have suc ceeded in getting his Democracy on straight at last. The people of this country persist in considering Admiral Dewey a majority of the court of inquiry.* A good many people are made skeptical by the fact that Inventor Marconi means to turn that 9 into 8. t- It seems to be much easier to denounce anarchy than it is to devise any national legislation against tt. It Is beginning to look like the Republi cans are merely flirting with the “hand maiden of protection." There are said to be between 8,000 and W.OOO lawyers in Chicago. Now you know why it is called the Windy City. Os course it was a Boston woman who guessed that there were 1.081 beans in a jar when there were really 1091 H. Next year's wheat crop promisee to break the record- Western farmers are signing pledges to reduce the acreage. The name of the governor of Pennsyl vania is Stone, but Mr. Quay thinks he can make it mud before long. The present prices of corn, oats and Tough feed ought to give a decided im petus to the automobile market. It is barely possible that those three split infinitives in. the president's mes sage caused Boston to go Democratic. King Chulalunkorn. of Siam, is prepar ing to attend the St. Louis exposition. As a Midway attraction, probably. Considering the number of times he has been reported dead. Tolstoi's health is probably as good as could be expected. And the worst feature of that Schley verdict is that it gives the New York Sun an opportunity to feel Itself vindicated. Science has discovered that alcohol is a food. But the trouble with some peo ple is they consider it both food and rai ment. Some people are disposed to look upon that proposed _JW.OOO.OOO gift of Mr. Carne gie g to the government as “conscience money." The Schley verdict goes to show that for once the enterprising correspondents were very temperate in their prognostica tions. . Mrs. Leslie Carter s new play is said to be more intense than "Zaxa." If this is true, it is almost time to turn in the alarm. If Senator Tillman displayed as much moderation in everything else as he does in carrying out his threat to resign he would be all right. The newspapers of the country continue to denounce Croker. This idea of speak ing only good of dead ones seems to be rapidly dying out A western town has a law against the barking of dogs. And there are those who still hold that you can't legislate morals into people. A cargo of 9.000 barrels of crude petro leum has been lost in the Gulf of Mexico. That ought to calm that turbulent body of water for a time, at least. A Pittsburg physician claims that he has discovered a cure for lock-jaw. But what is really needed, while congress Is in ses sion. is a cure for limber-jaw. Hon. Jerry Simpson is a grandfather and the Kansas City Journal Intimates that the youngster showed a strong her edltary trait in being born sockless. Sir Robert Ball, the famous British as tronomer. declares that a day will be 48 hours long €0.(00.000 years hence. Thia is a sad blow for the eight-hour movement. A Pennsylvanian has just received 83.000 from a man whom he once saved from hunger and cold. A clear case of whese bread cast on the waters came back Case. In three Chicago factories 25 per cent of the children employed have been found to be under fourteen years of age. Illi nois has evidently been leaving it to the manufacturers to solve the child labor problem tn their own humane way. After due consideration we are con vinced that the wife who buys her hus band a nice pair es lace curtains for a Christmas present la no meaner than .the husband who gives his wife a new smok ing jacket. ' He was not given a place on the depot commission, but we are still convinced that when the actual work of construction begins our old friend the Hon. Joo HIV Han io just the man for the position of fnad keeper of the kaaMN> I WHY NOT IN GEORGIA? As Georgia has oome to be known as the banner peach growing state of the south, so Virginia has become the banner apple state of the entire oountry, the laurels once held by New York, then by Missouri and later by Arkansas, having easily ps seed to the Old Dominion within the past few years. It la estimated that the value of this year's apple crop in the Shenandoah Valley, the great apple growing section of Virginia, is fully a million and a half dol lars. and individual fortunes are being made in this highly profitable Industry. While apples have been grown in Vir ginia from tho earliest days of the com monwealth. just as peaches were grown in Georgia for generations without any attempt at making peach culture an in dustry. tt was scarcely fifteen years ago that some far-sighted Virginians went in to apple culture on a large scale. Like the experience of the Georgia peach growers, results more than repaid their confidence and enterprise. When it is stated that every tree will yield from $4 to 88 each season and that there are usual ly from 90 to 40 trees to the acre, a fair Idea of the enormous profits of the busi ness may be secured. Especially when one takes Into consideration the fact that the main expense of the apple industry Is in packing and marketing tho fruit. A prominent Virginia grower, telling of tho development of the industry in that state declares that on an orchard of about eight acres one of his neighbors raised 800 trees, which thia year yielded 1.100 barrels of flrst-class merchantable fruit. It sold for 82.50 per barrel in the orchard, the buyer furnishing the barrels and de fraying the expenses of packing. A 1.000 tree orchard on an adjoining farm cleared 85.800 one year and 86.000 two years later. This is an average of 86 a tree, so that it will be readily seen that a good crop is a very lucrative investment. Trply an attractive and profitable in dustry, one which if given the proper at tention In Georgia would develop as rapid ly as the great peach industry which has made this state famous throughout the union. Like everything else, the peach Industry has its limitations, and there are those who seriously question if it will not soon be overdone in Georgia. At any rate, tt is well for our farmers in sections which are peculiarly adopted to the purpose, to turn their attention, if possible, to other things; and, certainly, no one will dispute that apple growing is as attractive as anything in the entire field of horticulture. What Virginia has done, Georgia can do; at least it can be done in the fertile valleys of north and northeast Georgia. Practically the same soil and climatic conditions as exist in the famous Shen andoah Valley exist in the glorious Na coochee and the other valleys of north Georgia, and there is scarcely a farm house in those sections whose family ap ple tree does not bear witness to the fact that the apple thrive as well in that soil and climate as anywhere on earth. In view of these facts, facts known to everyone, even the casual observer, and urged by our agricultural department after a thorough study of the subject, does it not seem strange that no more attention is paid to the development of this industry in Georgia. Some day we may wake up to the importance of peach growing on a large scale, and then Geor gia may rival Virginia as an apple grow ing state and another million year may be added to the value of Georgia's annual products. • OUR PHILIPPINE MONEY.. The government of 10,000.000 people ten thousand miles from our capital involves many problems that will necessarily tax the statesmanship and try the patience of the United States. Where we consider that these people have been brought under our, control by force and must be held subject by force for an indefinite time to come; that they differ from us radically tn race, religion, ideas and traditions, that they have in stincts and habits that are very difficult of assimilation to our civilisation, the dif ficulties of the proposition will be seen to multiply and become mor< complex. The question of a currency ror the Phil ippines is presented in *the recent report of the secretary of war by Mr. Charles A. Conant, an expert in finance who was sent to those islands as a special com missioner to inquire and report what sort of banking and currency would be best adapted to those islands. Mr. Consult recommends the provision of a special silver coin for use in the Phil ippines which will be legal tender for 50 cents in the gold money of the United States. The quantity of this money will be regu lated by the government of the islands that we have established. This coin, to be known as the peso, will be coined at Manila and will be divided into 100 parts to be known as centavos. All this, of course, provided the Conant plan be adopted. This system is based upon the very prac tical idea that the Filipinos should be provided with a currency similar to that with which they are already familiar, and at the same time bearing a simple rela tion to the currency of the United States. All coins provided especially for the Philippines will be maintained at parity with gold so that the gold standard shall prevail in our insular possessions as well as in the United States proper. Mr. Conant recommends that national banks be established in the islands as they may be needed, and have the privilege of establishing branch banks both in the Philippines and the United States. These will be authorised to supply paper cur rency, properly protected, but their main uses would be in the facilitation of ex change. The plan is said to be viewed with favor by the treasury department and members of congress who have given it special consideration. THE PRESIDENT IN EARNEST. A very large proportion, if not a ma jority of his fellow citizens, differ decided ly with President Roosevelt on some of the most important public issues, but there la one subject on which his views and evident intentions are heartily approved by the people generally, regardless of party lines or affiliations. We refer to the civil service. President Roosevelt Is an honest, ardent and con sistent advocate of the principles of civil service reform. In his former public ser vice he has done much to defend and pro mote those principles and there is every rason to believe that as president he will make every possible endeavor to make the letter and the spirit of the civil ser vice law effective, In fact, he has already taken a very im portant step in this direction by issuing a rule that will increase greatly the diffi culty and danger of violating either the civil service law er the orders of the civil service commission that are designed to enforce It. Unless it has beck of It a president who le really a friend es the lair and is determined to see its previsions carried THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1901. out the civil service commission is prac tically helpless. Its rulings may be disre garded with impunity and the law itself made a farce. But when the provisions of the law or the rulings of the commis sion are Ignored the president may step in and assert his authority. This is just what President Roosevelt intends to da whenever the occasion for such interference may arise. As it is clearly impossible for him to supervise > the working of the civil service system in every instance, he has laid down a general plan for the conduct of subordinate offi cials that will make them very careful to follow the civil service law and the de crees of the commission. Hereafter when any person is appointed to an office in the classified service, except in strict compliance with law and with due regard to merit and qualification for the plaec as provided in the examinations under the commission a very simple and direct way is open for the removal of such appointee. Whenever such an instance is brought to the attention of the commission it must notify at once the head of the de partment in which the violation of the rules has occurred. That official must then take steps to re move the person who has got into office contrary to the provisions of the civil ser vice law. It the removal is not made within thirty days the commission shall notify the dis bursting officer of the divis ion that has been imposed upon to stop the salary of the interloping appointee. This is the most practical plan for se curing a thorough enforcement of the civil service law that has yet been devised and will prove effectual in defeating the schemes of spoilsmen to slip favorites Into office through the civil service bars that have too often been purposely left open. It will protect meritorious office holders who would be thrown out to make places for applicants with superior polit ical pull and it will serve notice upon many officials who have been playing into the hands of the spoilmen that they must quit that vicious practice. This rule of President Roosevelt will doubtless raise a howl from politicians who have been running rough shod over the civil service commission, but the coun try will commend it,and the public service will be immensely benefitted by it. CHILI AND ARGENTINA. The trouble between Chill and Argentina which has threatened war several times is almost as old as the existenoe of the two nations. When they became inde pendent of Spain it was understood that the boundary line between them should be the old provincial line that had formerly separated them. This was ill-deflned line that followed the ridge of the Andes and disputes over it soon arose. The first arose over the extension of the line through Patagonia which was deman ded by Argentina, Chill claiming that the whole of Patagonia belonged to her. A settlement was reached by which Chili agreed to extend the Andes watershed line down to the fifty-second paralied and to extend her boundary arbitrarily thence to the east and the south. Later another dispute arose over the question whether the boundary line should follow the high est peaks, as Argentina claimed, or should follow the actual watershed, as Chili in sisted. The establishment of the latter line would give Chill vast tracts that would belond to Argentina under the mountain peak line. For many years prior to 1879 diplomatic relations between the two countries were suspended and It seemed that they were constantly on the verge of conflict. Our government interposed its friendly offices, however, and in 1881 a treaty was agreed upon by which these differ ences wer© supposed to be settled, under which the Strait of Magellan was neu tralised. But the treaty had little effect, as every effort to mark the line provided by it proved futile. Chill and Argentina continued their quarrel as to whether th© boundary be tween them should follow the watershed of the highest peaks or the watershed of streams. The difficulty was complicated by a dis pute over the location of a landmark at San Francisco and the ownership of a large and fertile plateau at Atcama that Chili had seised in her war with Bolivia, but which Argentina claimed. In April, 1896, smother protocol was con cluded which submitted the questions of the landmark and the Atcama plateau to arbitration. Another supplemental agreement was made later in 1896 and still another in 1898. Under this last tt was agreed that all disputes concerning the northern part of the line were to be left to the United States and all concerning the central and southern portions to Great Britain. The recent troubles which reached an acute stage a few days ago arose over the construction of military roads in low er Patagonia. Both governments are very stubborn in contending for what they claim to be their rights in the premises. They seem to be equally reluctant to sub mit to arbitration and bind themselves to abide by its decision. They are the two strongest and most progressive of the South American repub lics and a war between them would be a very serious matter. Argentina has about 4,600,000 population and a standing army of 30,000 men. In addition it has an organised national guard, or militia force, including 467,000 men. The Argentine navy consists of 45 vessels, some of which are of a high class modern type. Chill, on paper, is much weaker than Ar gentina, but has better fighting material and has been made very confident, not to say Insolvent, by her military and naval successes. The population of Chill is 3,200,000. Her standing army numbers only 10,000, but is thoroughly organised. Her militia is very small, compared to that of Argentina, amounting to only 32,b00. The Chilian navy of 44 vessels is much stronger than the navy of Argentina with 45 vessels. Argentina, in case of war, would be almost sure to have the aid of Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Peru, while Chill could not expeot any ally except, possibly, Ecuador, Those who are best acquainted with tho situation, how ever, do not believe that thero will bo war. There are strong Influences at work to prevent tt and the Pan-Amerloan con gress now in session in the city es Mexico is a strong factor for peace, A Boston woman announces the demise of her favorite terrier to her friends in a mourning letter, heavily bordered with black. Those who send her letters of con dolence in return might even up a bit by expressing the hops that tt is now a sky terrier, A delegation of bartenders attended church in Cleveland last Bunday in a body. It was certainly vary commendable |n them to close thsif place, of business long enough to attend divine services, ♦ WITH THE EXCHANGES. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦»»♦»♦<■ Bainbridge Searchlight: Delinquent sub scribers are reminded that wo are In proper trim for Christmas turaey, and during the coming week we hope to see him roll around. Augusta Herald: The first week of con gress was devotea to introducing bills; the rest of the session will be consumed in killing these. Dahlonega Nugget: Hereafter let the Geor ?la legislature give Atlanta anything she asks or at the start, for she will come out suc cessful in the wind up. It will be much cheaper. Cordele News: Governor Candler Is being abused and praised for vetoing the dispensary bill. Can’t please everybody. Macon County Citizen: The street fair ag gregation inflicting themselves upon Georgia towns had better look to their laurels, now that the monkey and hand organ season is at hand. Sylvania Telephone: We’ll venture the gov ernment statistician hksn’t overshot it many bales in his estimate of the cotton crop. Liv erpool will find It out to her sorrow, later on. Americus Tlmes-Recorder: Maclay’s case shows us what genius can do. He has made fully as great an ass of himself as Sampson did of himself; and Sampson had tho benefit of years of pink teas, too. Columbus Enquirer-Sun: Agulnaldo has not been compared to Washington In some time, which shows that somebody ie not attending to his job properly. OPINIONS OF OTHERS. The Philippine Incubus. St. Louis Republic. Takln all in all, the Philippine outlook is discouraging. We cannot bold the islands save as dependent and subject colonies. The native races will always be hostile and Insurgent. American homeseekers find the climate too deadly for endurance beyond a term of one or two years. Little revenue will be derived from the Islands. Their forcible government will cost the people of the states yearly millions and the sacrifice of countless. American lives. Immigrants of Low Grade. Cleveland Leader. There is no doubt that the character of the foreign population is changing for the worse with the change In volume of immigration from countrlee of eastern and southern Eu rope, and If these people from foreign lands are to be successfully assimilated and made over into American cltisens an educational test must be applied. There seems to be no better time to take up and dispose of the ?,uestion than the present Congress should not all to act. What Alls the Churches. Philadelphia Times. It ia really not very hard to get people to S>t to church, not so hard as many think. Ive them able, eloquent sermons and .the pews will be full. Os course, the Ideal condi tion is when they attend from a sense of re ligious duty, but that we fear ts not always to be expected. The same lack of interest that keeps citizens away from important public meetings when they know the speeches will be dull makes them stay at home on Sundays when there la no eloquence to attract them. Not ss Felicitous. Washington Times. What the governor of North Carolina said to the governor of South Carolina was ex tremely felicitous, but what the senator from South Carolina ia saying to the senator from South Carolina, and vice versa, is scarcely calculated to cement friendly relations. Leaving Roosevelt Out. Syracuse Telegram. It ia of significance to find conspicuous re publican leaders planning already to secure the presidential nomination just as if Roose yelt was already sidetracked for 1901. Glass Roofs in Massachusetts. Washington Post. How would it do for some of the Massachu setts congressmen to let the south alone and endeavor to Improve the morals of some of the mill towns of the state they represent? According to the official and inofficial re ports vice exists in those communities to an alarming extent, and the blame does not He wholly upon the lower classes. OF GENERAL INTEREST. I ' ■■ HI A bill for a railroad across Alaska. 850 miles long, haa been Introduced in congress. Two eastern shoe manufacturing firms are to establish immense shoe factories in Ire land. It is estimated that the bank clearances In tho United States this year will reach the total of 8117.000.000,000, by far the largest ag gregate ever reported: A Russian woman who died recently In St. Petersburg left a library of eighteen thousand volumes. In one way this library is unique. Os all its works not a single one Is by a male author. Texas proposes to make a great show of her resources at the St. Louis World’s Fair. Governor Sayers has appointed a commission of fifty-one members to raise, and they are talking of raising $500,000 for the exhibit. That 1s not a half-bad story coming from Texas that last week the manager ot an "Uncle Tom Cabin’’ company loaned the town officials three bloodhounds to run down some criminals who had escaped jail, and that the bad men captured the dogs and have started an “Uncle Tom’* show of their own. The statehood fight down In Indian Terri tory and Oklahoma is growing Interesting. The Oklahoma people want the two terri tories merged into a single state, pointing out that they would make one compact and populous commonwealth. The other folks, however, do not desire to lose their identity, fearing that Oklahoma would get the name and the credit of the statehood. IN THE PUBLIC EYE. English papers generally give credence to the report that, in recognition of his position as husband ot the princess royal, the duke of Fife will be created duke of Inverness. James La Barre, a Kentucky veteran of the civil war, of Louisville, will start his long walk to Washington in a few days. It will be remembered that he walked this distance of over 600 miles last winter. Professor F. Lamson Scribner, agrostologist in the department of agriculture, will go to the Philippines in February to establish a bureau of agriculture in that country, mod eled, as far as possible, after the department in this country. Ex-Senator Peffer, of Kansas, has hit upon a new scheme for getting money out of con gress. He has prepared a topical index of all the debates in congress up to 1861 and proposes to make the work complete to the present time. Now he wants to sell the result of his labors. , REFLECTIONS OF A BACHELOR. Lend money and you borrow trouble. The surest way to get rich is to quit being poor. Force of habit has a good deal to do with the way some people go on loving each other. When a lucky man gets it into his head that he is a great man he is due to lose hie luck. It’s worse to bleach your hair than to wear a wig, but you could offer a million dollars' reward for a woman with hair on her head who would agree with you and you would never find her. POINTED PARAGRAPHS. Chicago News. Greatness magnifies a man’s mistakes. If silence is golden, what kind ot money talks? Many a man loves himself for the enemies he has made. An income of BM.OOO a year enables some men to keep in debt. _ _ Some men are like boats—they have to be balled out frequently. A girl admires extravagance in the young men she isn't going to marry. In the game of life the Chinaman doesn't find It necessary to chalk his cue. The man who marries a widow is sometimes reminded that a dead man isn’t soon forgot ten. When people begin to tell a woman how young she looks It is a sure sign that she is growing old. For each day some folks labor In the Lord’s Vineyard they expect the Lord to work two days in theirs, This would be a gloomy old world if it had to depend upon the moods of some people for its euppotr of sunshine, flpeaker Henderson tells his colleagues that the large surplus in the treasury is a real danger. But the way the members are going after Jt would not indicate that any of them are afraid ot it. When Julian Ralph said, “The White Houpe is no longer a gentleman’s home,” did he have any recent dinner parties in mind, or merely th® of th ® house? —— — Here is an authentic case es where it turned, A New Jersey man named Wurm has been granted an absolute divorce from his wife. ♦ THINGS SEEN AND HEARD. ♦ + ♦ ♦ By Thos. W. Loyless. ♦ + —♦ If Brown Resigns Northen Goes In. The question of who will be made rail road commissioner to succeed the Hon. Pope Brown in case the latter resigns to make the race for governor is still agi tating the politicians. But, strange to say, there are very few who really believe there is going to be any vacancy in that quarter. In the first place, Mr. Brown has not definitely announced his candidacy for the govern orship, and although It was understood that he would resign the railroad com missionership as soon as he formally en tered the race, the opinion is now forming, and is expressed by some of Mr. Brown’s friends, that he will not find it necessary . to resign the comtnlssionership. “One of Mr. Brown’s Pulaski county neighbors told me positively that he would not resign his place as railroad commissioner," said a prominent Stew art county politician in th© arcade, “and, sq far qs I am concerned, I consider the matter settled.” But the most important statement yet mad© in connection with the railroad commissionership is to the effect that Governor Cafidler will appoint ex-Govern or Northen to the first vacancy that oc curs in the commission. This prediction is positively made by a number of well posted politicians, and it is even said that one of the most promi nent applicants for the position was so informed and forthwith retired from the race. Russian Colonists for Georgia. The Washington Times of Monday has the following interesting interview with the Hon. Edwin Brobston, of Brunswick: “I am just from a business trip to New York, and am elated And happy over the magnificent promise of development that seems in store in the immediate future for the southern section of my state," said Mr. Edwin Brobston, of Brunswick, Ga., at the Riggs. “Ours is a region that has been greatly overlooked, but its rich natural resources could not be forever ignored, and we are about to get the first installment ot colo nists from southern Russia. This is an enterprise in which the Southern railway has taken the leading part. The coast country of Georgia is magnificently adap ted to growing early fruits and vegetables for the large markets of the north. We are from fourteen to twenty-one days ahead of Norfolk in the production of ber ries, melons, tomatoes, potatoes, and the like, and our products come in right after the first shipments of like things from Florida. Our Russian immigrants will go to work along this line of truck farming, and 150,000 acres of land contlglous and tribu tary to Brunswick have been purchased in their Interest. Another great project from which we hope much is the line of steamships that will ply between Euro pean portfi and Brunswick and Savannah. This line is for the purpose of carrying across the Atlantic in cold storage all kinds of food supplies that the farmers of the coast region raise. Sir Thomas Lipton is one of the promoters and is heavily In terested. The Intention Is to establish de pots and refrigerating plants near the seaboard towns and to invite producers of a big adjacent territory to bring in every thing they make on their farms, for which liberal prices will be given by the agents of the company. Not a dollar of Ameri can money is wanted, and all the funds necessary to operate the business have been subscribed by foreign capitalists.” Wants More Money for Convicts. The Journal announced a few'days ago that Representative Gress, of Wilcox, was of the opinion that the convicts could be re-leased at the expiration of the present contract at a profit of 8175,000 per year over what the state is now getting, and would-probably lead a fight to secure bet ter terms when the present lease expires, in case it is desired to continue the pres ent system. Colonel Steve Postell, the Atlanta corre spondent of The Macon Telegraph, fol lows this up with some interesting figures on the present lease. A gentleman closely identified with the convict system of Georgia, and thoroughly conversant with its working, says it is not necessary to formulate any ingenious plan to insufe the state an additional 8175,- 000 per year for her convicts after the ex piration of the present contract. Were the contract to terminate next month the state could get 8280*000 more for the hire of these convicts than she now gets, for the reason that the supply and demand regulates the prlee. Four years ago there was not as large a demand for them as now by 50 per cent, and convicts contracted for then at 8100 per year are being, And have been, sub-let for 8200 per year, or just double what the state gets. In some cases they have been sub-let at 820 per month, or 8240 per year. This gentleman avers that, taking 8200 as a fair average, which the state could get tomorrow if the present lease expired, that would mean a bringing into the state treasury of 8400,000 per year for convict hire, as the state now hires out on an av erage of 2,000 able-bodied convicts at 8100 per year, or 8200,00. The expenses of run ning the department is 8120,000 per year, or a net gain now of 880,000 annually, and with the Increased demand and consequent higher price for this labor, the 8400,000 that they would flow bring would mean, de ducting the <120,000 yearly expense, 8280,000 clear profit each year to the state. The sum of 8280,000 income per year is a good deal more than 8175,000 per year, and it doesn’t require any brain-racking to ac complish that result. Who Will Be McLaurin's Successor? Who will wear the senatorial toga of McLaurin? is the question often asked by persons interested in the political situa tion In South Carolina. “That McLaurin will never succeed him self is now admitted even by bis friends," said a prominent South Carolinian in ths arcade last night. “Those who looked with favor upon com mercial Democracy, and there were some well known citizens among them, have beten driven away by the prospects of be ing shut out from Democratic allegiance, for Senator McLaurin’s enemies hold the reins of the voting laws; and will see to it that those who vote for ‘commercial Democracy’ will lay up for themselves all kinds of trouble in the future. Again, McLaurin has carried the commercial idea too far and has disgusted many who favored his views and objected to those who are in the movement for whatever spoils can be secured. “Some have said that Senator Tillman has lost strength during the last five years, but with such persons the wish is father to the thought. Senator Tillman Is today stronger than ever, for he as sumes the role of the defeder of Democ racy agaist then inroads of Republican ism under the name of ‘commercial De mocracy.’ “Who then 'is the next strongest man and the one who will likely share an equally Important seat In public office, you ask? Clearly the man who is most like him. Congressman Latimer has been accused of being Tillmanlike in manner and methods. This allegation he takes no occasion to deny. Latimer is strong in the upper sections of the state and will, it is thought, be junior Senator from this state. But he will be compelled to defeat two brilliant men, viz.: Henderson and John son, both of whom are strong politically, and admired for their eloquence. Ex- Congressman Hemphill is a lawyer of much prominence in Washington circles and will make a hard effort to return to Washington with the obligations of the people of South Carolina upon him. “Ex-Governor Evans will, also, be in the race and he is very popular as he has already served at the head of the execu tive department for two terms and has no apparent reason to fear to entrust his ambition to the people. GENERAL JOE WHEELER ON THE NEGRO PROBLEM J 1 General Joe Wheeler discusses in Sun day’s Now York Journal the subject of how education will solve the negro prob lem, and in doing so he lays down four propositions: First—That it is idle to consider whether the presence of th* negro In this oountry Is to its advantage or disadvantage. Ha Is plant ed in this land and he will remain. Second—That we cannot allow a mass of human beings in this oountry to remain in .ignorance. To do so leaves them the tools of bad. designing and Intriguing men, who for personal advantage work upon their supersti tions, prejudices and the worst elements of their nature. Third—That there is much good in the gen eral make-up of the negro, and that efforts should be directed to give him that kind of education which will cultivate and develop the good, and correct and repress that which is vicious and bad. Fourth —That all efforts to enforce or encour age social equality are detrimental to the ne gro, but that it is incumbent upon the superior race to scrupulously protect him In every legal right General Wheeler then calls attention to the fact that the south has been most liberal in providing for the negro’s edu cation. The conviction of the people of the south, he says, as to the Importance of educating the negro is shown by the fact that in many localities the law makes no discrimination whatever in appropriations for white and colored schools, giving to the colored every advantage which is ac corded to the white. The people of Alabama, be shows, in framing their laws have been especially scrupulous in giving the colored race these advantages, and during the last thirty years the southern states have ex pended 8115,954,288 for negro education. It has been my hope that this liberal ity to the colored people by the whites of the south would be appreciated by phi lanthropists of the north, and that in any donations of money for educational pur poses in that section of our land the gen erous donors would show at least as much interest in providing means for the edu cation of the poorer whites as they do for the colored race. General Wheeler then brings out the fact that slavery and, afterwards, the eman cipation of the negro under ill-advised conditions, forced upon the south a prob lem with which It has been difficult to cope. That many of the south's great states men of early times doubted that negroes being held as property would be an ad vantage to that section is abundantly proven. The first settlers under Oglethorpe in Georgia prohibited slavery for a period of twenty years, and the repeal of the law was secured by the influence of ship owners, who desired to extend the mar ket for the sale of slaves which they brought from Africa. Thomas Jefferson and other great statesmen were very emphatic in their opposition to the permanence of the in stitution. The constitutional convention which framed the fundamental law under which we live was largely dominated by south ern men. Its president was George Wash ington, of Virginia, and the most promi nent ana influential member was Thomas Madison, of the same state. In all discussions upon the slavery ques tion the tendency of the southern states The Results of “Good Roads” Train. Railroad Gazette, Dec. 6, 1901. As the reader will remember, the Illi nois Central, some months ago, ran a “good roads” train through a considera ble part of the territory which It serves, and the Southern railway is now carrying on a similar enterprise. A few weeks ago we asked for Information as to the ob served results of the Illinois Central train, and Mr. Harahan, second vice president, sends the following account: The benefits resulting from the good roads train run by the Illinois Central railroad recently, in connection with the National Good Roads association, through several states, are being felt in a different manner, owing to the different conditions prevailing in the different states. In the state of Kentucky, where several stops were made, the turnpike roads in the interior having been model roads for nearly 75 years, or perhaps longer. Ken tucky having been the pioneer state in the building of such roads, and the national government having encouraged such work, the improvement to be effected is not so great as that la other states. Part of the Great National road, that was de signed to extend from Washington to New Orleans, was built in Kentucky from Maysville to Paris, and is still kept up in splendid condition by the state, not by the United States government, the work of internal improvement by the United States having received a quietus under Andrew Jackson. There has, however, been organized the Kentucky Good Roads association, which has taken hold of the matter with considerable spirit with the intention of improving roads in sections of the state where they ar© not up to the standard. In Tennessee, following the convention held in Jackson, Tenn., on Thursday, Jue 20, 1901, the Tennessee Good Roads as sociation was formed and subsequent to the trip of the train through the state of Tennessee a convention was held at Nash ville, which was fairly well attended by people from different portions of the state. Recommendations were made to the legislature to be presented at its next session to be held in Nashville in Janu ary, 1902, and while no active progress has been made in regard to county ac tion upon this matter, the interest in the matter of good roads will be continually agitated, and will undoubtedly produce good results. In Mississippi at a recent meeting of the state convention of supervisors at Jack son, Miss., the good roads train and its fine work was frequently mentioned, and the statement was made that some 20 counties of Mississippi had already passed from the old method of working public roads to the contract system. The exec utive committee created by the state con vention •of supervisors of roads was charged with memorializing the leglaie ture for more progressive lessons along the lines of building and maintaining public highways, as people throughd'wt the state were alive to the importance and necessity of thia matter. The good roads convention held in Jackson, Miss., as a culmination bf the good roads coun ty conventions of some months since, started this matter in Mississippi aad the Good Roads association organised as a result of that convention, will also memor ialize the legislature with the intention of having a conference held between the representatives of that organisation and of the state convention of supervisors, so that an agreement may be reached to work in harmony to the d*slred end. The impression seems to prevail that the Illi nois Central good reads train did lasting good in this state; that tt craated a flat sentiment in favor of the ot was to oppose the importation of slaves, and upon the question of permitting the Importation of slave*, which meant the continuation and extension of slavery, the tendency of the shipping interests of the northern states was to favor it, while the southern states wore generally against it. Continuing General Wheeler says: Since the negro has been free I believe the people ot the north and the people of > the south have boon equally desirous to protect him in every right, and do all in their power to elevate his condition. Unfortunately, there was too much in the bearing of the people of the north to Impress the negro that he was in all re spects equal to the whites, and there fore entitled to every privilege which they enjoyed. Many people from the northern ‘ states, actuated by mistaken phllanthro- - py, encouraged this idea, while in other cases unscrupulous white men sought to Increase their Influence over these delu ded beings by encouraging them in the belief of his absolute equality, if not su periority, to the whites. To these evil teachings we can trace nearly all the turmoils, strifes and suffer ings of the southern negro. These mischief makers, some inmoently and seme intentionally, have committed this error. Instead of teaching the negro that he must elevate himself and better his con dition by personal effort—by the acquisi tion of knowledge and py hard labor; in other words, advancing his condition the same as has been done by the white race much of the teaching has been to impress the negro that he is already equal to the whites in every respect, and it is his duty to himself to assert this equality. Many persons in considering the subject seem to have overlooked the fact that ne groes differ very widely in Intelligence. I have seen vast numbers of negroes in the rice plantations of South Caro’i-.e. and I Georgia that are as far below the negro who has been raised on the upper planta tions as the lowest white is below the most cultured and b® Bt educated people. It is probable that those writers who contend that the negro is incapable of ed ucation have this class in their minds, but these negroes are comparatively few in number. But even this low order of being would be much Improved by proper moral and intellectual training, and Instruction in the line of their calling would make them better and more valuable laborers, and every one who has lived in a negro country will realise that it is the intense ignorance of the negro masses which en ables a few unscrupulous men to lead them Into acts of violence and crime. Then, again, there are writers who go to the other extreme and contend that the negro mind is susceptible of the highest culture. They most probably have seen few of tho race, and they seem to have in their minds such negroes as Booker T, Washington, William H. Council and Frederick Douglass. Os course these are exceptional cases, and no discussion concerning the negro question would in any way apply to them. Experience has shown that the negro lacks initiative and the power to lead, but he Is imitative and can be taught to skill fully perform certain lines of work, and, under the direction and control of the more intelligent white man, he becomes a valuable laborer, and certainly all white men who employ laborers desire them to be intelligent and skillful. It is an insult to the Caucasian race to say that the negroes must be kept in ig norance to prevent their becoming supe rior or even equal to white men. It the white men are simply given an equal or even less than an equal chance with the blacks, their superior character istics and intelligence will always keep them the leaders, managers and employ ers. I am not as familiar with the laws of other states as I am with those of my own, but I am certain that legislation throughout the south has been very kind and fair to the negro, and I can confident ly assert that no people in. any state or country have done more for the real ad vancement of the negro than the Demo crats of Alabama. public highways and fostered among the people the determination to do better by themselves in the future by the enact ment of laws that will compel the count ties to spend some money on public roada. Governor Longino, of Mississippi, took high ground In his inaugural and other addresses in pointing out the absolute necessity for better public highways and has enlisted the services of the best men of the state in 1 the agitation for good roads. The executive committee of the Mississippi Good Roads association will meet at Jackson, Miss., on December 4 of this year for the purpose of framing a good roads law to be presented to the next session of the legislature for pass age. In Louisiana there is an active move ment for the formation of local good roads associations, the president of each of which local association is to be ex-officio member of the State Good Roads asso ciation. This complete organization should be effected within the next 60 days. It is then the purpose to call a meeting of these delegates in New Orleans for the promotion of good roads work before the meeting of their legislature, which io bi ennial and next occurs in May, 1902. There is a decided improvement in ihe good roads sentiment throughout the various parishes of the state as the state has already given a great deal of leeway in the matter of taxes for public roads and as'the good roads sentiment improve! these taxes are being levied. It takes some time to do this, but the work is go ing on and tt is believed that within six months much good work will be done. In Illinois there are but two stops made and. owing largely to the extreme heat and dry and dusty character of the roads to bn worked oven the experiment was not as successful as tt would have bee» under more favorable conditions. Taking as a whole the information from the different states through which this good roads train passed, it is fair to as sume that the movement is well started looking toward the improvement of the roads and the more intelligent aad con sistent method of road building. Thia work is largely for the future, and tt will take some time before practical result* can be produced that would demonstrate whether the trip of the good roads train over the Illinois Central railroad was a conspicuous success or not. At the pres ent writing tt would seem to have been a success. POINTS ABOUT PEOPLE. • Ths newly created portion of stag* manager to the Paris Comedle Francalss has been filled by the appointment of M. Lucien Guitry, until recently of the Va rietss theatre. < General Funston will sail for the Uni ted States today on the transport Warren. The doctors have ordered a change of cli mate, and the general is coming horns Mi sick leave. A. Hamilton Rice, grandson of the lata Governor ttlce, of Massachusetts, ha* been mode a fellow of the Royal Geo graphical Society. Last summer he ex plored th® Naps river, a tributary of th« Amazon, and then crossed the Amasoß in a canoe to Paaa on the eastern ooast, Mgr. flcalabrfni, of Flaoenea, Italy, wbq may be the suoceaeor of Cardinal Mar tinelli aa papal delegate to the Unftsß States, is regarded as one of the ablest ecclesiastics of the .Church of Italy* and for a number o? yean haa been in charge ot his presajj Ooosm Ia Flacexum.