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I Talks With Farmers Conducted By C. H. Jordan Rl ' ' 1 - f -"-n'iL , .ui, l , , AiU.'J Illi 111 l 'eT ♦ Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦ ♦ drees all Inquiries for information ♦ ♦ on subjects relating to the farm. + ♦ field, garden and poultry to the ♦ ♦ Agricultural Editor. All Inquiries ♦ ♦ will receive prompt and careful at- + ♦ tent ion. No inquiries answered by 4 d> mall. Please address Harris Jordan. 4 4 Agricultural Editor. Monticello. Ga. 4 ■»»♦!• »♦♦!>!» <!♦♦♦< I OUR NEW FERTILIZER LAWS. Four years ago I began the fight In the general assembly of this state to secure the th* enactments of fairer and better fertiliser laws. We publish In this Issue of The Semi-Weekly the new law. which, pa sard unanimously tn the senate, and with only six dissenting votes in the house, during the last day of the recent session. The general law which is reci ted. ahead of the Ellington and Calvin bills in this act. is the bill which was drawn at Hot Springs. Ark.. October 10th. Inst.. during the annual meeting of the southern commissioners of agriculture, at which meeting I was present and aldtd In formulating the bill to meet the re quirements of existing conditions. The bill is similar to the Jordan bill introduced by myself last year, but which was held up at the request of the commissioners of agriculture until after their session in lsdl. of the commissioners was to reThe of a uniform law which would be agreeable to all the south ern states using fertilisers and this bill represents the wisdom and experience in the fertiliser business of the commission ers. their able corps of chemists, and so far as Georgia is concerned, the almost unanimous approval of both branches of the genera] assembly. My great desire has been to secure the enactment of a law which would require the manufacturers to file with the commissioner of agricul ture. on each and every brand or kind of goods they offered for sale the sources from which the plant foods out of which the fertilisers are made, were obtained; also to allow only the minimum guarantee of analysis stamped on the sacks, and lastly, but most important of all, to raise the standard of guano, and shut out for ever in this state the sale of all low grade 10 per cent spurious guanos. These three features are all clearly defined in the new law. as will be seen from its reading and after this season, no kind of fertiliser analysing less than 12 per cent available plant food can be offereu for sale in Geor gia. and no complete fertiliser can be branded “standard” or “high grade" which contains less than two per cent of ammonia, and two per cent of potash. Where these two elements of plant food are wanted in less percentages they can be bought of course, but not under the brands as above stated, which can only be used to designate a complete fertiliser containing ammonia and potash of two per cent each. Need of Uniform Law. The fertiliser business is now handled by large companies mainly which supply the southern states with all commercial fertilisers needed by thd farmers. It each state has a different law requiring a dif ferent analysis, necesitating changes in mixing different brands on sacks, etc., it necesarity causes an additonal expense to the manufacturers, particularly if any goods left over in one state are required for the trade in another state. Every item of expense in the manufacture of the goods is charged up in the cost of selling price, and in the end comes out of the farmers' pocket. In addition to this, the commissioners of agriculture, if ail are acting under the same law. will in their annual meetings be more apt to detect flaws or evils and take steps to remedy them. The manufacturers also desired a uni form law. particularly those who do an interstate business. The other states will doubtless adopt this law at the next meet ing of their different legislatures. Under the old fertiliser law of Georgia the farm ers had but little protection against the imposition of low grade, cheap guanos. In all low grade 10 per cent guanos, several hundred pounds of a foreign element were used, designated as a “filler*’ or “make weight.** In each ton. and in which there is not a pound of plant food. The prin cipal material used for that purpose is ground railroad cinders, treated with lamp black, and ground slate, which is mined principally in Dade county, Georgia. The sanction of the law to such fraudulent dealing of course opened the way to a wild-cat business, which is not only an outrage perpetrated on the farmer, but to a great extent handicaps the honest man ufacturer who wants to make good, straight fertllsers. If a fanner wants a low grade guano let him buy a ton of good fertilizers and mix with that a ton of sand or pulverized dirt and he will then have two tons of tow grades and will hare saved fb himself the coot of paying a manufacturer to mix it and will save the extra freight and cost of sacking. A law such as this one which will require all manufacturers to make honest goods, and which enforces a heavy penalty on all violators of the law, will not only give to the farmers of Georgia a better grade of guano, but the price charged will bo less tn proportion to the true value of the material. Every farmer should remember that in the purchase of guano he wants plant food and not brands or weight. The beet fertiliser is the one which shows the highest analysis and is richest tn those elements of plant food which the consumer wants for his crops. Defining Section 4. « Under the old law. if a fertilizer analyz ed ••substantially" the ingredients as guar anteed lr percentages of plant food stamp ed on the sack, then the purchaser could make no plea of a partial or total failure of consideration. What the word “sub stantially** meant, had to be determined by the judge and jury before whom any case was tried, where a certain guano run under the guaranteed analysts and the farmer sued to recover damage* In sec tion ”4” of the new bill. It will be observ ed that the word ••substantially” in the old law is fully defined, giving the manu facturer a reasonable variation, and when the analysis of hie goods by the state chemist falls below 3 per cent of the total commercial value of his goods, then the penalty is fixed by law without a trial. Section 4 should be clearly understood, lest it be misconstrued. The commercial value of fertilizers is based upon the wholesale spot cash price of the ingredi ents, composed of phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen, delivered at the port at Sa vannah. For instance, a “standard” grade. 12 per cent complete fertilizer con taining 8 per cent phosphoric acid. 3 per cent potash and 2 per cent ammonia, based upon its total commercial value at the porta would be about 314.00 per ton. This STAR PEA HULLER»™ IO to 15 bushels per hour. Write for circulars •nd price* to the Star Pea Machine Co., Chatta —BK iMh ARE YOU THINKING OF MOVING to TEXAS Or some other Western State? If so, yon will Ca d t to your interest to write to w L. GLESSNER Commissioner of Immigration, Macon. G*. guano shipped into the interior would be sold at 320.00 per ton to the consumer. If upon official analysis this goods should fall below 3 per cent of the total commercial value of any one or more of its ingredi ents, that is les sthan 42 cents, then the dealer or manufacturer could only collect the actual value of the goods, which would be as much under 313-58 as the state chemist found its true value to be—and could not deduct the difference from the face of the full note, as would be the case under the old law. In other words, the old law put no penal ty to apeak of on the manufacturers where they did not come fully up to the guaranteed analysis. This new law will put a heavy penalty on the manufacturers whose goods fall below the narrow margin of 3 per cent, and they lose all freights, commission to dealers, and time price charged the consumer, and can only col lect the actual value of the material in the goods as ascertained by the state chemist. Section ’.l" of the new bill re quiring the manufacturers to file with the commissioner of agriculture the sources from which they derive the plant foods put into their goods is a splendid feature, and any farmer can learn just what is in bis guano by writing to the commission er after the law becomes operative, which will be August 1, 1902. as it could not be enforced this season against goods al ready manufactured under the old law. Ellington and Calvin Bills. The Ellington law, which gives the farmer of Georgia the right to take a sample of guano he buys in the presence of the seller, and have the same analyzed by the state chemist in the fall of the year. In case he has reason to believe the guano was worthless to his growing crop, has not bean repealed, but amend ed only as to the method of taking the samples and filing the same with the ordinary of the county in which the con sumer resides. The Ellington bill as amended is published in full and con tinues to provide that where the samples so taken and analyzed falls below the guaranteed analysis printed on the sacks, then the sale shall be declared null and void and the notes given in payment for same, no matter whether in the hands of Innocent third parties or not, cannot be collected. The manufacturers claim that this is an unrighteous law, in that it permits the entire confiscation of their goods when guarantee, the analysis does not come squarely up to the guarantee. On the other hand the farmer has the right to demand that the goods measure up to the guarantee, and if the sample is prop erly drawn and filed under the provisions of the bill, a careful manufacturer is not likely to get into trouble. The Calvin bill, which is also published and relates entirely to cotton seed meal, is but slightly changed from the old law. When this new law goes Into effect there can be no doubt that the farmers of Georgia will be better protected than those of any other state in the south, in the pur chasing of guanos. A careful study of the bill shows it to be fair to all parties in terested. and that fraudulent dealings will in future be outlawed so far as low grade, spurious guanos are concerned. HARVIE JORDAN. The new fertilizer law, known as “the Jordan bill." recently signed by the gov ernor and will become operative August 1, 1901 A BILL To be netltled an act to regulate the registration, sale, inspection and anlysis of commercial fertilizers, acid phosphates, fertilizer materials and chemicals, in the state of Georgia, and to consolidate all laws relating to said sales, Inspection and analysis, and to repeal all other laws or parts of laws in conflict therewith. 1. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the state of Georgia that all manufac turers, jobbers and manipulators of com mercial fertilizers and fertilizer materials to be used in the manufacture of the same, who may desire to sell or offer for sale in the state of Georgia such fertil izers and fertiliser materials, shall first file with the commissioner of agriculture of the state of Georgia, upon forms furn ished by said commissioner of agriculture, th* name of each brand of fertilizers, acid phosphates, fertilizer materials, or chemicals which they may desire to sell in said state, either by themselves or their agents, together with the name and address of the manufacturer or manipu lator, and also guaranteed analysis there of, stating the sources from which the phosphoric acid, nitrogen and potash are derived, and if the same fertilizer is sold under a different name or names, said fact shall be so stated, and the different brands which are identical shall be nam ed. Sec. 2. All persons, companies, manufac turers, dealers or agents, before selling or offering for sale in this state any commer cial fertiliser or fertilizer material, shall brand or attach to each bag, barrel or package the brand name of <ne fertilizer, th* weight of the package, the name and address of the manufacturer, and the guaranteed analysis of the fertilizer, giv ing the valuable constituents of the fertil izer in minimum percentages only. These items only shall be branded or printed on the sacks in the following order: 1. Weight of each package in pounds. 2. Brand name and trade mark. 3. Guaranteed analysis. 4. Available phosphoric acid, per cent. 5. Nitrogen, per cent 6. Potash, per cent. 7. Name and address of the manufact urer. In bone meal, tankage or other products where the phosphoric acid is not available to laboratory methods, but becomes avail able on the decomposition of the product in the soil, the phosphoric acid shall be claimed as total phosphoric acl-, unless it be desired to claim available phosphoric acid also, in which latter case the guar antee must take the form above set forth. In the case of bone meal and tankage, manufacturers may brand on the bags in formation showing the fineness of product, provided it takes a form approved by the commissioner of agriculture. Sec. X If any commercial fertilizer or fertilizer material offered for sale in this state shall, upon official analysis, prove deficient in any of its Ingredients as guar anteed and branded upon the sacks or packages, and if by reason of such defi ciency the commercial value thereof shall fall 3 per cent below the guaranteed total commercial value of such fertilizer or fer tilizer material, then any note or obliga tion given in payment therefor shall be collectable by law only for the amount of actual total commercial value as ascer tained by said official analysis, and the person or corporation selling the same shall be liable to consumer by reason of such deficiency for such damages, ft any, as may be proven and obtained by him on trial before jury in any court of com petent jurisdiction in this state. Sec. 4. Be it further enacted. That the words “high grade” shall not appear upon any bag or oth er package of any complete fertilizer which complete fertilizer con tains. by its guaranteed analysis, less than ten per cent available phosphoric acid, 1.65 per cent nitrogen (equivalent to two per cent of ammonia and two per cent of potash, or a grade or analysis of equal total commercial value; that the word "standard” shall not appear upon any bag or other package of any complete fertilizer which contains, by its guaran teed analysis, less than 8 per cent avail able phosphoric acid, 1.65 per cent nitro gen (equivalent to two per cent ammo nia). and two per cent potash, or a grade or analysis of equal total commercial value; that the words "high grade” shall not appear upon any bag or other pack- THE FEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA. GEORGIA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 26. 1901. age of any acid phosphate with potash which shall contain, by its guaranteed analysis, less than 13 per cent available phosphoric acid and one per cent of pot ash, or a grade or analysis of equal total commercial value; that the word "stand ard” shall not appear upon any bag or other package of any acid-phosphate-with potash which shall contain, by its guar anteed analysis, less than 11 per cent available phosphoric acid and one per cent potash, or a grade or analysis of equal total commercial value; that the words “high grade" shall not appear upon any bag or other package of any plain acid phosphate which shall contain, by its guaranteed analysis, less than 14 per cent available phosphoric acid; and, lastly, that the word “standard” shall not ap pear upon any bag or other package of any plain acid phosphate which shall con tain, by its guaranteed analysis, less than 12 per cent available phosphoric acid. It is hereby provided that no complete fertilizer, acid phosphate with potash, acid phosphate with nitrogen, or plain acid phosphate shall be offered for sale in this state which contains less than 12 per cent of total plant food, namely; available phosphoric acid nitrogen, when calculated as ammonia and potash, either singly or in combination, provided that in mixed fertilizers there shall not be claimed less than 1 per cent of potash and .82 per cent nitrogen, when one or both are present in the same mixture. It is further hereby pro vided. that no commercial fertilizers or fertilizer material shall be offered for sale in this state which contains such an amount of water as to render the handling or manipulation of such fertilizers or fer tilizer material difficult, or to cause the clogging of fertilizer distributers by rea son of its bad mechanical condition. Such wet or bad mechanical condition of any fertilizer shall be carefully observed by all fertilizer inspectors at the time of draw ing their samples, and be reported along with the sample to the commissioner of agriculture, who, if he (or In his absence the state chemist) confirms the opinion of the inspector, shall forbid the sale of that lot so inspected. Sec. 5. Be it further enacted, That all manufacturers and manipulators, or agents representing them, who have reg istered their brands in compliance with section 1 of this act. shall forward to the commissioner of agriculture p. request for tax tags, stating that said tax tags are to be used upon brands of fertilizers and fertilizer materials registered in accord ance with this act, and said request shall be accompanied with the sum of 10 cents per ton as an inspection fee, whereupon it shall be the duty of the commissioner of agriculture to issue tag to parties ap plying, who shall attach a tag to each bag, barrel or package thereof, which, when attached to said package, shall be prima facie evidence that the seller has complied with the requirements of this act. Any tags left in the possession of the manufac turer shall not be used for another season, and shall not be redeemed by the depart ment of agriculture. Sec. 6. Be it further enacted. That it shall not be lawful for any manufacturer or company, either by themselves or their agents, to offer for sale in this state any fertilizer or fertilizer material that has not been registered with the commission er of agriculture as required by this act. The fact that the purchaser waives the inspection and analysis thereof shall be no protection to said party selling or of fering the same for sale. Sec. 7. The guaranteed analysis of each and every brand of fertilizer or fertilizer material must, without exception, remain uniform throughout the fiscal year for which it is registered, and in no case, even at subsequent registration, shall the grade be lowered, although the proportion of the available constituents may be changed so that the decrease of one constituent may be compensated for in value by the in crease of the other or others. Such pro posed change must first receive the ap proval of the commissioner of agriculture. A brand name and, or, trade-mark regis tered by one manufacturer shall not be entitled to registration by another, and the manufacturer having first registered and used the said brand name and, or, trade-mark shall be entitled to it, even should said brand name and, or, trade mark not be offered for current registra tion at the time. Nothing in this sec tion shall be construed as debarring the right of any manufacturer to establish his ownership in, and prior right of registra tion of, any brand name and, or, trade mark. whether said brand name and, or, trade-mark had been previously register ed or not. Sec. 8. No person, company, dealer or agents shall sell, expose or offer for sale in this state any pulverized leather, raw, steamed, roasted, or in any other form, either as a fertilizer or fertilizer material, or as a constituent of fertilizers, without first making full and explicit statement of the fact in registration with the commis sioner of agriculture, and furnishing sat isfactory proof that the nitrogen is suf ficiently available and valuable for the purpose for which sold. Sec. Be it further enacted,That the com missioner of agriculture shall appoint twelve Inspectors of fertilizers, or so many inspectors as, in said commission er’s judgment, may be necessary, who shall hold their offices for such time as said commissioner shall in his judgment think best for carrying out the provisions of this act. The greatest compensation that any inspector of fertilizers shall re ceive shall be at the rate of 383 1-3 per month and his actual expenses while in the discharge of his duty as such in spector. It shall be their duty to inspect all fertilizers, acid phosphates, chemicals, cotton seed meal or other fertilizing ma terial that may be found at any point within the limits of the state, and go to any point when so directed by the com missioner of agriculture, and shall see that all fertilizer and fertilizer materials are properly tagged. Sec. 10. Be it further enacted. That each of the inspectors of fertilizers shall be pro vided with bottles of not less than eight (8) ounce capacity in which to place sam ples of fertilizer and fertilizer materials drawn by him. and it shall be the duty of each inspector of fertilizers to draw, with such an instrument as shall secure a core from the entire length of the pack age .such samples of fertilizers and fer tilizer materials as he may be directed by the commissioner of agriculture to inspect or that he may find uninspected: and in the performance of his duty he shall care fully draw samples as follows: In lots of ten packages or less, from every package; in lots of 10 to 100 pack ages. from not less than 10 per cent of the entire number; and after thoroughly mixing the samples so drawn, he shad, by the method known as “quartering” draw from such thoroughly mixed sam ples to sub-samples, and with them fill two sample bottles, and shall plainly write on a Igbel on said bottles the num ber of said sample, and shall also write on the label on one only of said bottles the name of the fertilizer, acid phosphate, or other fertilizer material, also the name of the manufacturers. He shall then seal both of said bottles and shall forward to the commissioner of agriculture the said sample so drawn by him, stating the number of sacks from which the sample was drawn, and a full report of the in spection written on a form prescribed by the commissioner of agriculture, which report must be numbered to agree with the number of the bottle; and in said report shall oe given the name of the fer tilizer or fertilizer material, the name of the manufacturer, the guaranteed anal ysis, the place where Inspected, the date of Inspection, and the name of Inspector; and it shall be the duty of said inspector to keep a complete record of all inspec tions made by them on forms prescribed by the commissioner of agriculture. Be fore entering upon the discharge of their duties they shall also take and subscribe, before some officer authorized to admin ister the same, an oath to faithfully dis charge all duties which may be required of them in pursuance of this act. Sec 11. Be it further enacted. That a sam ple of all fertilizers or fertilizer material drawn by the official inspectors and filed with the commissioner of agriculture, shall be marked by number anff delivered by said commissioner of agriculture to the statq, chemist, who shall make a com plete analysis of the same and certify, under same number as marked, said an alysis to said commissioner of agricul ture, which analysis shall be recorded as official and entered opposite the brand of fertilizers or fertilizer material which the mark and number represent; and the said official analysis of such fertilizer or fertilizer material, under the seal of the commissioner of agriculture, shall be ad missable as evidence in any of the courts of this state on the trial of any issue involving the merits of such fertilizer or fertilizer material. , Bee. 12. Be it further enacted, That the commissioner of agriculture shall have au thority to establish such rules and reg ulations in regard to the inspection, an alysis and sale of fertilizers and fertil izer material as shall not be inconsist ent with the provisions of this act, and as in his judgment will best carry out the re quirements therof. Sec. 13. Be it further enacted, That noth ing in this act shall be construed to restrict or avoid sales of acid phosphate or any other fertilizer material to each other by Importers, manufacturers or manipula tors, who mix fertilizer materials for sale, or as preventing the free and unrestrict ed shipments of material to manufactur ers or manipulators who have registered their brands as required by the provisions of this act. Sec. 14. Be it further enacted. That any son selling or offering for sale and fer tilizer or fertilizer material without hav ing first complied with the provisions of this act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be pun ished as prescribed in 1039 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, provided this act shall not go into effect until after the first day of August, 1902. Sec. 15. Be it further enacted. That there shall be nothing in this act which shall be construed to nullify any of the re quirements of an act fixing the methods or determining the value of commercial fertilizers by the purchasers, and incor porated in the provisions of the herein amended Ellington bill, which is as fol- An act to regulate the sale of fertilizers in this state, to fix a method for deter mining the value of the same, and for other purposes. v Section 1. Be It enacted by the general assembly, of Georgia, and it is hereby en acted by authority of the same, that from and after the passage of this act, it shall be lawful for any purchaser of fertilizer from any owner thereof, or agent of such owner, to require of the person selling, and at the time of sale or delivery, to take from each lot of each brand sold a sample of its contents. Sec. 2. Be it further enacted. That said sample or samples of fertilizer shall be taken in the presence of both pur chaser and seller, in the following man ner: Two cupfuls of the fertilizer shall be taken from the top and two cupfuls from the bottom of each sack, provided, there are not more than two sacks in the lot, but in lots of 10 to 100 sacks, from not less than 10 sacks; in lots of 100 and over over; from not less than 10 per cent of the entire number. The samples so taken shall be intermixed upon some sur face so as not to mix any dirt or other substance with the fertilizer. Then from different parts of the pile small portions at a time shall be scooped up in the cup, and transeferred to a wide-mouthed bot tle of not less than one pint in capacity. This bottle shall now be corked with a suitable cork. The cork must either be pressed home flush with the mouth of the bottle or else cut across until it flush or even with the mouth of the bottle. It shall then be taken by both parties at in terest to the ordinary of the county, who shall seal the same in their presence, in the following manner. He shall com pletely cover tne entire surface of the cork with sealing wax, and then Impress upon the molten wax his official seal, bearing his name and the style of his office. He shall then label the same with the names of the parties and of the fer tilizers. Sec. 3. Be it further enacted. That said ordinary shall safely weep said package, allowing neither party access to the same, save as hereinafter provided. The ordinary shall receive a fee of 10 cents from the party depositing such cample for each sample so deposited. Sec. 4. Be it further enacted, That should aid purchaser, after having used such fertilizers upon his crops, have rea son to believe from the yields thereof that said fertilizer was totally or partially worthless, he shall notify the seller, and apply to the ordinary to forward the said sample deposited' with him to the state chemist, without stating the name of the parties, the name of the fertilizers or giving its guaranteed analysis, the cost of sending being prepaid by the purchaser. Before forwarding sample to the state chemist for analysis the ordinary shall take the affidavit of the purchaser that he has gathered his crop, and believes from the yield thereof that the fertilizer used was worthless or partially worthless. The ordinary shall notify the state chemist at the same time that he forwards the sam ple that he has taken and filed such writ ten affidavit of the purchaser. Sec. 5. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of said state chemist to analyze and send a copy of the result to said ordinary. Sec. 6. Be it further enacted, That should said analysis show that said fertilizer comes up to the guaranteed analysis upon which it is sold, then the statement so sent by the state chemist shall be con clusive evidence against a plea of total or partial failure of consideration. But should said analysis show that such fer tilizer does not come up to the guaran teed analysis, then the sale shall be illegal, null and void, and when suit is brought upon any evidence of indebtedness given for such fertilizer the statement of such state chemist so transmitted to the ordi nary shall be conclusive evidence of the facts, whether such evidence of indebted ness is held by an innocent third party or not. Sec. 7. Be it further enacted, That in lieu of the state chemist, should the parties to the contract agree upon some other chem ist to make said analysi, all the provisions of the act shall apply to his analysis and report to the ordinary. Sec. 8. Be it further enacted. That should the seller refuse to take said sample when so requested by the purchaser, then upon proof of this fact the purchaser shall be entitled to his plea of failure of consider ation, and to support the same by proof of the want of effect and benefit of said fertilizer upon his crops, which proof shall, be sufficient to authorize the jury to sus tain defendant’s plea within whole or in part, whether said suit is brought by an innocent holder or not. Approved December 27, 1890. Sec. 16. Be It further enacted. That there shall be nothing in this act which shall be construed to nullify any of the require ments of an act fixing the methods of in spection and determining the analysis of cotton seed meal, incorporated in the pro visions of the herein amended Calvin bill, which is as follows: A bill to be entitled an act to require all cotton seed meal to be subjected to anal ysis and Inspection as a condition prece dent to being offered for sale, and to for bid the sale in this state of such cotton seed meal, if it be shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 6.18 per cent of nitrogen, equivalent to 7 1-2 per cent of ammonia, to prescribe a penalty for the violation of the provis ions of this act, and for other purposes. Sec. 1. Be it enacted by the general as sembly. and it is hereby enacted by au thority of the same. That from and after the passage of this act it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to offer for sale in this state any cotton seed meal until the same shall have been in spected as now required by law in the matter of all fertilizers and ch.emlcals for manufacturing or composting purposes, nor shall it be lawful to offer such cotton seed meal for sale in this state if it be shown by the official analysis that the same contains less than 6.18 per cent of nitrogen, equivalent so 7 1-2 per of ammonia. Provided, that the provisions of this act as to the percentum mentioned tn this section shall not apply to meal manu factured from Sea Island cotton seed, but the commissioner of agriculture shall, upon the passage of this act, fix and make public a minimum percentum, which shall control as to the cotton seed referred to in this proviso. Provided, further, that if any cotton seed meal shall not analyze up to the required percentum of nitrogen, the same may be offered for sale as second class meal, provided the analysis be made known to the purchaser and stamped on the sack. Sec. 2. Be it further enacted by the au thority aforesaid, That there shall be branded upon or attached to each sack, barrel or package of cotton seed meal of fered for sale in this state, the guaranteed analysis and the nulhber of pounds net in each sack, barrel'or package. Sec. 3. Be it further enacted by the au thority aforesaid, That it shall be the duty of the commissioner of agriculture to take all steps necessary to make effective the provisions of sections 1 and 2 of this act. Sec. 4. Be it further enacted by the au thority aforesaid, That any person or persons violating the provisions of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misddemeanor, and on conviction shall be punished as prescribed in section 4310 of the code of 1882. Aproved July 22, 1891. Sectionl3. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That all laws and parts of laws in conflict with t-.is act be, and the same are, hereby repealed. WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT FARM LABOR? In your Issue of the 13th instant I read with delight a communication from Mrs. W. H. Felton. The subject upon which she wrote was “What Can Be Done About Farm Labor?” From the article we can readily see she means to ask what can be done with negro farm labor? This is the most important question that now con fronts the south. It is the thing that di rectly concerns the farmer, who, as we all know, is the mainstay of every southern industry. When we knock him out—when falls of success, the whole business goes wrong. The success that permits a farmer to discharge his business obliga tion, is the same success that passes down the line and enables every honest man to have his accounts balanced with red lines. This farm labor question now stands out paramount to every other question. Free silver, sound money, building the ca nal, annexation of Cuba, Philippine ques tion, Monroe doctrine and all other questions, yea, the building of the Atlanta depot not excepted, are questions of no Importance as compared to the negro farm labor question here in the south. Every, day the farms of the southern man are passing into hands of others as a di rect cause of the uncertainty of the negro laborer. We must confess that properly controlled the negroes are the best farm laborers we can get. We must also con fess that when not properly controlled the negro is the very sorriest laborer we can put on a farm or anywhere else. We never have any trouble with the ante-bellum negro. The post-bellum negro Is the one that gives us trouble—these young bucks since the war, who have learned how to read, write, “figger,” pick banjoes, guitars and the mandolin and sing “Googoo-Eyes” —these are the ones that give us trouble. The post-bellum negroes are divided into three classes. First class, don’t work at all. Second class, work just enough to es cape the vagrancy law. Third class, work but no reliability can be placed in them. What is the remedy? My opinion Is we need legislation. We have the vagrancy law that covers class one. For class two we should amend the vagrancy law so as to more easily convict. Now for class three—the negroes who contract with a farmer to work on the farm—what is the trouble here? They contract to work for wages, per haps contract to run a crop, and the farm er, who may be a land renter, buys guano, mules, rations and contracts with the land lord or pay so much rent, and all his promises and contracts are based on the faith he has in the contract with the negro, who as Mrs. Felton says, is offered a job at 80c or 31 a day and the negro is gone. The farmer has fed the negro anti his family through the winter months and gone in debt on the faith of his contract with the negro. Now what becomes of the farmer? He cannot escape paying the rent to the landlord. If he does he is guilty of a crime. He cannot escape his obliga tion to pay for the mules, guano and ra tions; all that he has is under mortgage, perhaps, for it, if not this year it will be the next. Who comes out free, sleek and greasy as a tub of lard—not a dollar lost, but to the contrary he and his family fed and clothed through the winter months? The negro that jumps his contract with the farmer is the answer. What shall we do to break this up? Put him on the list of misdemeanors. Make it a crime to de fraud and cheat the farmers in this way. If the farmer or the negro on the faith of these contracts sustains a loss by rea son of non-compliance on the part of the other, prosecute him who fails to comply with the contract. There is rfo more rea son in prosecuting for failure to pay rent than to prosecute for failure to de liver the work under the contract. As judge of the county court this year I have had farmers, poor men, with large families, to appeal to me with tears in their eyes to aid them with the strong arm of the law to compel negroes to keep these farm contracts. The courts are pow erless to break up this practice on the part of the negroes unless such a law is passed. It may require a constitutional amend ment. If so, amend it. The time has come when such a law should be passed—it must be passed and it will be passed before the next legislature adjourns. FRANK Z. CURRY. Jackson, Ga. CASTOR IA For Infanta and Children, The Kind You Hate Always Bought Bears the /J? lignaturn of Calvin for Commissioner. Newnan Herald and Advertiser. An interesting bit of political gossip is the rumor that Hon. Martin V. Calvin will be in the race for state school com missioner. The rumor has not been con firmed; but, in view of the importunities that have been made to Mr. Calvin to al low the use of his name, we shall not be surprised if he yields to the persuasion of his friends and allows them to bring him out. Mr. Calvin has probably attended more sessions of the general assembly than any man in Georgia, and has never allowed an opportunity to pass when he could advance the cause of public schools. He was for six years chairman of the house committee on education, and his intelligent discussion from time to time of the needs of the common schools of the state gave him such prominence as the champion of popular education that he has been favorably mentioned many times as a suitable person to fill the important office of state school commissioner, whether he consents to go into this con test or not, it will be difficult to convince his numerous friends and admirers throughout the state that he is not well qualified for the position. Roosevelt Ignores the Laws. New York World. It is remarkable and highly significant that in his recent message Mr. Roosevelt generally Ignores the fict that there are any laws on the statute books in restraint of trusts and mo nopolies, and particularly ignores the Sher man anti-trust law. under which several nota ble supreme court decisions destructive of 'llle gal combinations” have been rendered. He seems, by unavoidable inference, to have broken with the policy of his party and of President McKinley, as above enunciated and as embodied In existing legislation. The liquor tax yields the best returns to the government in Russia and the poorest in Norway. 1 ,1, i iirn v Dairying and Live Stock ll' t Conducted By B. W. Hunt J Readers of the Semi-Weekly t ♦ Journal are invited to send en- ♦ ♦ quiries about dairying, live stock ♦ ♦ and veterinary matters to B. W. ♦ 4 Hunt, Editor of this department, at ♦ 4> Eatonton, Ga. No questions an* ♦ 4 swered by mall, but careful atten- ♦ 4 tlon will be given to Inquiries and ♦ 4 answers will be printed in this d»- 4 4 pertinent. ♦ 4444444444,44444 1 || | » »!■ 4-444 Immuning Cattle to Tick Fever. This Is the season when northern bred cattle should be Inoculated with fever, if one wishes to be assured against loss from this southern scourge. Many short horn, Hereford, and other pure bred cattle have this fall been brought into our tick infested territory, from north of the fever quarantine line. Many of these cattle, indeed most of them, will die of fever next summer. If they shall be inoculated with a mild form of fever this winter they and their de scendants will be left to enrich our coun try, as well as prove a profitable venture to those who have benefited our section by bringing this valuable blood south. To inoculate a suceeptlble animal with the .fever infected blood of an immune, is not a task beyond the ability of any regular physician who will follow direc tlonA Those having an interest in vet erinary matters can learn to do the work successfully by once seeing the operation performed. The theory is that animals that have had the fever within a certain length of time after recovery, carry In their blood the dormant germ of cattle fever. The same applies to animals that have run on tick Infested pastures. These latter class have developed that resisting power to disease called Immunity. One of these animals lately infested with ticks, or one recovered of fever, is nec essary for the subject to furnish the blood to Inoculate. This cow we must tie securely. Twls£ a cord about her neck as nearly to the shoulders as possible. In order to swell out the jugular vein with blood. This swol len blood vessel Is then tapped, and as much blood as needed drawn. This fluid when freshly caught will work in a veteri nary surgeon’s hypodermic syringe, with out defibrinating. The regulation size of these syringes will hold enough when two-thirds or three-fourths full to inocu late two animals. Hence, If one has but two northern bred cattle to inoculate, there will arise nq_ necessity of defibrina tion of the blood. If one has more than two cattle to oper ate one, more than one syringe will be required, or else the blood that has stood until coagulated will have to be reduced to a fluid state. Straining through mos quito netting, two thicknesses of more,, will accomplish the purpose as well as any other way I know of dellbrlnatlon. It is positively necespary that the blood shall flow freely through the needle of the syringe. The best to inoculate is In the folds of the skin under the neck, near the fore legs, where the skin is both thin and loose. Everything used should be antlseptlcal ly clean. All successful surgery is de pendent upon this avoidance of introdu cing undesired disease germs into the flesh of the patient. For this purpose. I generally use a weak solution of carbolic acid, into which rest submerged until needed all the surgical instruments, nee dles and even the cloth through which I shall later strain the blood of the subject. The instruments required include a glass barreled veterinary surgeon’s hypoder mic needle, a fleam, a surgeon’s needle threaded, all these in a basin of water carrying, say three per cent of carbolic acid. The threaded needle is only to take a stitch over the cut place in the jugular to stop the flow of blood. I emphasize the necessity of the hypodermic needle being of veterinary surgeon’s size, and glass barreled. These instruments are generally made of hard rubber, and if one were used with other than a glasa barrel, the operator could not see the amount of blood taken up by the syringe, nor the amount of the dose injected into the ani mal. The size of dose has not yet been proven, as to what amount of blood is best to inject. I have used from two cubic centimetres to three and one-half c. c. In one injection without observing much, if any, difference in result. A cu bic centimetre is equal in amount to about 16 drops or say two centimetres equal to 32 5-10 minims. I try to guage the dose for a qearling at 2 1-2 cubic centimetres. Fever has resulted from my injections of blood showing temperatures between 105 and 106 and running over 106 on the 11th day following inoculation. Red water has also been observed, but no fa tal effects so far. Others using my tested thermometer have recorded higher temperatures and still no deaths from fever. To recapitulate. Now is the time to in oculate cattle brought from north of the fever line. One may buy young northern cattle with assurance of very small loss by fever after Inoculation, as against about 70 per cent loss without immunizing. Any points not clear to the reader re garding this operation, will be fully an swered through this department of The Atlanta Journal. B. W. HUNT. Lameness In FooL I see your valuable paper answers vet erinary questions. I have a mule 8 years old I want to ask advice about. She got lame in forefoot, limps going down hill and on rocky ground, limps but little on plowed ground. There is a small knot on ner foot, just at the edge of the hair. This lump feels hard to the touch. Will a gravel stay in the foot so long? In standing the mule bears equal weight on all her feet. The mule has never been strained. I will thank you for any information. J. M. T., Andrews, N. C. Answer: I think our correspondent har a case of bone excrescence. When the bones enlarge around the ankle, just at top of the hoof, the disease is called ring bone. The case here described would be called “side bones,” 1. e. osslfled cartilage at tached to the sides of the hoof shaped bones. This bone of the foot is called by veterinary surgeons “os pedis,” which means pedistal or foot bone. It forms the base upon which the structure is built. When we come to treatment I shall emphasize the necessity of leveling the foot, by a blacksmith’s knife, which all the writers on this subject in England and America neglect. I consider leveling more important than blisters or medicine, mere beneficial than all other treatments added together. I do not ask the correspondent to be lieve In my view, indeed I mention my diverging estimate of treament from that of the books so he can, like Artemus Vvarde's audience, take his choice. What I mean by leveling a horse’s foot is to so cut the horn that when an ani mal stands on a level plank ffoor, that the front leg will be plumb from any point-of view. Os course nature has put the spring of the ankle of the horse tre ble to relieve the concussion. Elephants have a cushion in the foot for this effect. Most careless blacksmiths allow one side of hose's foot to wear down lower and shorter than the other side. This with an animal weighting 1,000 pounds all of which weight is often put upon a leg not as large as a man’s leg, which latter supports 160 pounds. The wonder is that there are as few lame horses in servitude. To effect successful leveling of, a horse’s feet, I insist on the blacksmith using a pair of compasses, with which he mutt measure the distance from the hair to the bottom of the foot, on each side of the hoof. The distance between the hair and the bottom of the hoof should be the same on one side of the foot as on the other side, both measurements a similar distance from the center. > Os course the toe is farther from the caronet than -the heel. This is nature's shape of the foot necessary to take the jar of the bones which would otherwise arise from concussion. After having leveled the foot you may paint the side "bones with iodine. I think keeping a bandage wet about the foot good treatment as any. The books prescribe blistering and the use of actual cautery, and. when these fail to remove the lameness, the author!- . ties advise the sewing of the nerve of the foot. I do not advise such severs treatment, i and recommend ffrst, ths leveling of ths . feet; second, the wet bandage; third, the painting of the smaller places with iodine. . B. W. H. Butter Test of Jersey Cow. I have just completed a churn test, of Julia qf Covington, using an old-fashioned dasher churn. “Julia” gave birth to a heifer calf October 22nd and eight days ' thereafter was at the point of death with ! milk fever, but recovered. On November ' 25th I commenced a seven days’ test. She ; gave milk, 278 pounds; butter, 14.7 pound*. i This churn test confirms the Babcock test , of last year, when she gave 358 1-3 pounds 1 of 4 1-2 per cent milk In seven days, that ; i you estimated at 18 82-100 pounds of butter. ; I thought mavbe you would care to know j of this is my reason for writing you. W. J. H. Covington, Ga. Answer: Yes, I am glad of the oppop- j tunity of publishing the fact that Georgia possesses such cows as Julia of Coving- | ton. I also like her moderate test, which > is reasonable and to be expected of suqh ' a cow. In my judgment the big tests re ported have been a positive damage to the , breed of dairy cattle credited with them. . I have been more or less associated with cows of several breeds, and have known many good cows, but never has one of i these awe-inspiring tests come under my personal observation. The sire of Julia of Covington is truly a great bull, and a credit to his breeders, • Messrs. Ayer and McKlney, of New York, the sire of the dam of Julia was that bull | Foot Fall of Panola, bred by the late Frederick Bronson, of Connecticut. This latter bull was an inbred Signal, the form er a pure St. Lambert, closely inbred to i Stake Pagis. Upon this foundation was built the fam- * lly of Jerseys that became well known as Panola herd. The mother and grandmoth- t er of Julia were feeble calves and were nursed at my farm. When dangerously ill they were carried to the lawn of the i dwelling house, where the ladies of ths < home could observe them. I often doubt mi the economy of the altruistic spirit of • the ladles, who saved the life of many a , sick calf. Now, however, I am glad that Georgia is enriched by the possession of this blood. Many great cows have fallen to the own ership of people Ignorant of their prizes. I am pleased that these butter tests are being made. There is no other way to i measure the quality of domestic animals but to test them. B. W. H. EXPOSURE TO WET, dampness and cold, invariably results In a sudden chill, which if not attended t» dlatelv will cause a cold. By mixing a *ea» spoonful of Perry Davis’ P** n * t ’*J ,r *£ { * glass of warm water or milk, the whole ays I tern will be heated and the danger of cold , avoided. Avoid substitutes, there is but one Painkiller, Pewr Davis’. Price 25c. and 64a. VALUABLE New Year** Gift One could not present to his son c» daughter a more profitable New Year’s ■ gift than a scholarship in one of Draugh- I on’s Practical Business colleges, Atlant*. Nashville. St. Louis, Montgomery, Gal- I veston, Fort Worth, Little Rock and , Shreveport. These institutions give * su- . perior course tit Instructions, and have special facilities for securing positions. Students who take Prof. Draughon's guar antee course are allowed to deposit money for tuition in bank till position Is secured. His colleges are indorsed by business men from Maine to California. Professor J. F. Draughon, president of these institution* is author of four textbooks on bookkeep ing. Call at the college office or write for catalogue before entering elsewhere. Our latest offer, the Youth’s Compan- ’ ion and the Semi-Weekly Journal both one year for only $2.50. OSUMMffII ELECTRIC h wacoh tn ™~£ sisSri’K: Hrsa?ssl. w ““»« kskssi from Hi, « m. 1* tam m I CURE BLOOD POISON I have studied and treated blood poison for twenty years. My original method of treat ment has proven successful in some of ths worst cases on record. My treatment Is thcr- > S ough and cures the diseases to stay cured. Write me fully about your case. J. Newton Hathaway, M.D., 38 Inman Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. ONE CENT For ten sample copies ot ma Semi-Weekly Journal. Write the names of ten of your neigh bors on a postal card, mail to us and we will send a sample copy to each name free. Address The Journal, Atlanta,Ga, 5