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I Talks With Farmers || Conducted By C. H. Jordan * Subscribers are requested to ad- ♦ » dreee all inquiries for information ♦ > on *object* relating to the farm. ♦ * field, garden and pen! try to the ♦ fi Agricultural Editor. All Inqulrte* 4 fi win receive prompt and careful at- ♦ » tentkm Mo Inquiries answered by * > mall. Please address Harris Jordan. ♦ fi Agtlcwtural Editor. Monticello. Qa. + SOME INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS. There are many birds which play an im- Krtant part tn relation to agriculture, but opto generally dwell on the harm rather than the good they do in the field and forest. Whether a bird Is Injurious or not depends entirely upon what it eats, and we should not reach conclusion! too quicklv because birds are seen In numbers tn the field or orchard, arid think they must therefore be doing harm. As a mat ter of fact, there are but few birds which are really harmful, the vast majority of them proving by their true life habits to be of untold value to agriculture. If all the Insectivorous birds were destroyed. It would be almost Impossible to raise crops or fruit In a few years thereafter. Appreciating the high value and the im portance of preserving the lives of these enemies to injurious Insects and obnox ious weed seeds, nearly all of the states tn the union have, wtthtn recent years, M«e*d laws to protect nearly all of our eommoa birds, excepting those which are useful as game birds. During the last ses sion of the general assembly tn this state such a law was introduced and passed making It a misdemeanor to trap, kill or sell any es the song or insectivorous birds tn Georgia, except crows, English spar rows. meadow larks, hawks.rice birds and horned owls. Among the game birds which are protected only during certain months of the year are quail, woodcock, doves, j wild turkeys and duck. All other birds la this Mate, whether songsters or net. will I tn future be protected by law. and any person who traps. kill* or captures and offers for sale any of them can be pun ished as tor a misdemeanor. The state ment was made before the house commit tee on generaf agriculture in November, during the investigation of thia question, that at ope time last year more than X(M» young mocking birds were shipped from Savannah to New York for sale to north ern bird dealers. These birds are regard ed as the property of the state, and being looked upon as highly useful to the agri cultural interests of the stats, will tn fu ture be protected by the strong arm of the law. Some Common Birds. Birds usually feed upon the kind of food that is most accessible within certain limits. Insectivorous birds, therefore, eat such insects as are most easily obtained, hence, a ground-feeding bird will . eat those it finds among the dead leaves and grass, while the woodpecker and such va rieties that Inhabit the tree tops select different kinds of Insects. It la Impossible to tall what a bird eats simply by watch ing It while feeding, either tn the field or orchard. The daily diet of a bird can be only determined by an examination of Its stomach contents In the laboratory. If a farmer has reason to believe that certain kinds of birds are proving Injurious to bls fields or orchards, he should ehoot a few and examine the contents of their stomach#, which will definitely determine Whether inJun- H done or not. In response to a general demand for In vestigation along this line, the department of agriculture at Washington has. during the past few years, examined tnousands of birds* stomach and all the available da ta respecting the food they contained brought together. The practical value of birds In controlling Insect pests should be 'more generally recognised and appreciat ed by tbe farmers. It would be no difficult matter to kin out all the birds in an or chard or grain field and in the garden, but to exterminate the insect pests which would afterwards have full right of way to everything would be no easy matter. The destruction of noxious weed seeds by sparrows and other birds of that class is but little appreciated, yet weed seeds tom One of tbe most Important items of ’■ food to these birds during ths fall and / winter months, and it Is almost impoaai ! ble to estimate the Immense number es noxious weed seeds which are thus annu-i aUy destroyed. There are some five or six species of woodpeckers, some of which farmers are prone to look upon with suspicion. Ex cepting a single species. the yallow bresmted woodpecker, or aapsucker, these birds rarely leave any importsuit mark on a healthy tree. The sapsucker Is seme times guilty of pecking holes in the bark es apple trees from which it drinks tbe sap when the little pita become filled. Large numbers of Insects ara also at tracted by the sweet fluid In these pits, which the aapsucker also feeds upon, and to that extent largely compensates for the damage done to the tree. Ths flicker, or golden-winged woodpecker, is seen mostly on the ground, searching for food, which consists principally of ground ants and grasshoppers. Ths examination of a slicker's stomach was found to contain more than LOW ants, yet some people per sist In shooting this valuable insect de stroyer for purposes of food. Other Insectivorous Birds. The common blue jay is wall known all over the United States east of the great plains. Quite a number of ornithologists and local observers contend that in spring sad early summer a large poruon of tbe food of this bird consists of the egg and young of smaller birds. Some farmers claim that jay birds steal considerable •ora from their barns In ths fall of the year. But while there may be some truth in these accusations. an examination of the stomachs of several hundred of these birds at different periods of the year, shows these charges to be largely exag gerated. Tbe food of the blue Jay con sists principally of mice, fish, salamand ers, snails, beetles, grasshoppers, catter plllars, spiders, etc. The common black crow, while outlaw ed as one of the birds not protected by law, is not responsible for all the charges 20 TH CENTURY BUSINESS GUIDE FILLS MANY HEN’S MONEY SACKS I ’t t Here •• a book that mIIi bv tbouaands. Telia all about how rir'-A AT®! S» »o measure coal. Wood. cUderns, tanks, lamber, b Sight of Iv/’SJ tossa,land, aora in crib or in pile. 'T\\ J *7 , o®®tata* cotton sellar's and Cotton picker’s tabla and [■jL” ~ - fjf | ll<atain< metfcoisof calculation for the accountant. It is a r n I 2£ M ®* Re< dr Reckoner:” soo pages tsr> apt illustrations 1 U "MwC:> The book sella sight at 11 M for beautiful half morocco. 1 . •*•** copies sold in twelvemonth*. demand dailv increaa- w§w ’ ; -On .JI ■ Agent* never made mon-y half so fast Terms very 11b- •***♦ ®*nd Me for Agent's ontdt: circulars and term* free. U J - XICHOES * 00 • Atlants. Ga. \ WHAT THE PEOPLE SAY. \ The ’’Buatncas Guide" contains that is 1 practical and useful In Gaskell s Compemllum J .-nd other book* of like character it ought to be in the hand* of every teacher and every ~, * Bf young man of sufficient age to understand business transactions, ex cry farmer should ■-.NR „, possess a copy. i A A. SMITH. CPresident Northwestern College F'cir■ * _ , WR. SANDERBVn.t,E. GA —I have worked three /Ky IDf] ITwl I months; have orders for aver I.MO Guides: al! lit? A UUI UFe., JmL*- —1 but 5C‘ In best binding. I will clear Jl5O 00 rho /'•/‘W/lX* I Per n »°nth, • W. H. CAMP. • tcrfl JHE I WILMINGTON. N. C-I have averaged i&V.i e srsfi- ill 11 OTer M orders for the Guide per day—all best W-t ’J-'VfiAO cTxJA / binding: have »• order* B F. GORE, tte f y 2 I FHtrriEl.O. ALA-Ship me 100 half mo- y >j/y ncco Guides. I have sohi over preferred against It. It Is true that crows sometime pull up a few grains of oom after ths grain has softened under the process of germination under ground, and Win attack the roasting ear In the field during the milk stags. They also some times catch little chickens and rob the nests of small birds. The crow is general ly looked upon as a blackleg and a thief, and as such is not entitled to protection. But erows rarely touch hard corn if any other food Is to be bad and the contents of their stomachs show that they destroy large numbers of Insect pests, and to that extent at least the crow should have a credit to offset many other bad habits he is charged up with. The meadow lark subsists on noxious weed seeds waste grain and Insects. But ths lark Is looked upon as good game for the table and Is numbered ambng the insectivorous birds which are not pro tected under existing laws. The house wren, blue bird, cat bird, brown thrasher •nd all varieties of sparrows, except the English sparrow, are Mghly useful birds about the garden, field and farm and do an immense amount of good and but Httle or no harm. These birds should be pro tected in every way possible, because they aye truly the farmers' friend. Mill ions of injurious insects of all kinds are annually destroyed by them, and but for their presence on the farm, many crops would be annually destroyed by Insects or only protected at great expense to the tanner. Examination of the stomachs of the winter or tree sparrow showed that each bird consumes daily about one-fourth of an ounce of weed seeds. Estimating ten to fifteen of these little birds to each square mile during the fall and winter period of 200 days, and each bird consum ing one-fourth of an ounce ot weed seed daily, we would have a total of nearly 2.000,0ne pounds, er nearly 1.000 tana of nox ious weed seeds destroyed by this species In one season. This estimate is based upon Only ths work es one specie* when as a matter of fact there are half a dosen different kinds of birds that habitually feed en these seeds during winter. From this It is evident that our Insectivorous birds are highly useful, not only ae insect destry ers. but as noxious seed destroyers also. Many of the Ills with which our crops are afflicted at this time are chargable to insects and noxious steeds, hence It Is advisable that every protection be given that vast army of the little feathered tribe which nature has provided for the purpose largely of keeping in subjection tbe rapid increase of these Insects and weeds. It every farmer will undertake to see toat theap useful birds are protected on his premises there will In a few years be lees need for expensive apparatus re quired in applying Insecticides to growing crops In field, orchard and garden. HARVIE JORDAN. EXCHANGES. Western Fruit Grower. DUCKLINGS MORE PROFITABLE THAN CHICKS—The saying often ap plied to ducks that "they eat more than they are worth" Is no doubt a very unjuat one. Any breeder raising the Pekin chick on a large scale wilj prove to you by act ual experience that ducklings eat less In proportion to their growth than other poultry. Some Os our readers may be‘a little surprised at this, but upon giving the matter a little thought they can read ily understand the reason. It io because the ducklings reach maturity sooner than chicks and of course the longer it takes to raise a bird tn maturity the greater th* expense, not only of food but of time and trouble. Experiment has demonstrated the fact that with the same quantity of fqod and eare ducklings in 78 days from the shell may be made with proper hand ling to weigh 8 to W pounds per pair, while chicks in the same length of time will only weigh from J to 4 pounds per pair. Hence this remark does not count, not applying to ducklings when property and intelligently bandied. Tbe sexes may run together for the first six months after hatching, as a rule. By this time chickens will have past their first moult usually, and do not come to breeding inclinations until after thia time or age. although in some cases pullets will commence laying at four and a half to five months bld. The writer has had them to commence laying and make a business of it in one hundred and eighteen days from the shell. This is an Instance of pre cocity. however, and is not so common. After six or seven months of age at the outside the cockerels should be separated from the pullets. This brings them into last month and this. Then the breeder# should b« mated according to your fancy and thus you may produce their like much more surely than by any other mode. Stop Up the Cracks—Toe. It makes a fol low feel chilly to hear the cold wind blow, and we would suggest to all breeders of poultry to mend all broken glass in their poultry’ house sash, if you have not al ready done so. Keep the birds well now. The worst cases of roup the writer ever saw were caused by the roosts in a pen being near a half inch auger hole. I would expect to get eggs from the early hatch ed pullets this month; you must give them the right care and feed them egg produc ing food. They should have some fresh ground bone or meat at least twice a week. They should have a box each of granulated bone and oyster shell and sharp grit and don’t forget en allowance of green feed twice per week. Cabbage, turnips, earrots, or beets, while they are confined in their winter quarters. Questions and Answers. Q.—Are Pekin ducks for market more profitable for market than other poultry? A.—Pekin ducks are considered by those who raise them on a large scale to be more profitable than any other poultry. We breed them in large numbers and we are well satisfied with the profits. They require much less care than chicks and you might say are subject to no diseases that chicks fall heir to. Q—How old should ducklings be when they are killed for market? A.—ln the early spring, when duck- THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, MONDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1901. HICKSVILLE. 0., Dec. 12. 1501. A cssual glance at the headline will suggest to tbe reader that this is to be a comment upon tbe great American hostelrtes which have made onr coun try famous throughout the world. A second and sober observation of the date line will more nearly indicate the scope and nature of this epistle. I am not to write of the Holland, the Waldorf, the Auditorium, the Walton, the Negr Willard, the St. Nicholas, the Planters, the Baltimore, the Pal ace, the fit. Charles, or the Ponce de Leon. These are the hotels in a thousand— or in a hundred thousand, and are the exception rather than the rule—the hotels of the happy few who live in the cities or do their work exclusively in the great centers ot trade. What I am thinking of today—and writing of—la the American Inn—the home of the average traveler—of men like flam Jones, and General Gordon, and H. W. J. Ham, and of the good army of commercial travelers, and of the penitent sinner who pens these lines. Ot these hotels there are nearly, if not quite, 160,000, and they make the cheer and comfort—such as it is—of the great body ot the traveling and com mercial people of the republic. The ‘interior hotels. If not the crea tures, are at least, the absolute de pendents of the commercial traveler. Without him they could not live or move or have their being. If the spirit of consolidation, and ths trend of the trusts should prevail to do away with ths "drummer" as art agent of commerce, we would witness the shrinkage of all and the collapse of nine-tenths of the country hotels in the United States. Some substantiation of this strong statement may be found in the sta tistice of ths T. P. A.: There are 12,000 men to travel for the regular business houses in the state of lowa alone. 11,000 in Illinois. 13.000 in Ohio— and a proportionate list in the other states. I don’t know how many in Georgia— A grand arm of restless, moving, in terlocking paying patrons, rarely long er than a day at any place and each leaving behind 22 per day as the price of his entertainment. If you were to examine the registry books of the country hotels you would find that this “man with ths grip" takes up nineteen-twentieths of every page. He makes the hotels possible and he takes whatever the hotel give him, with a marvelous modicum of actual protest. Oh. yes. he "kicks” at times—vig orously and loud—but he takes it out in a wordy kick, and in view of his real power his actual patience is akin to that of Job. A little later I will show how he holds in his hands the power of life, death and revolution to the in-keep er. And, in the main, thw inn-keeper panders to his taste and bows to his impatience. I had not long since a vivid personal experience of tbe superior considera tion which Is justly shown him. I was booked to lecture In a town in Nebraska and reached my destination at 5 p. m. As the widely advertised speaker of the evening—and as a staff editor of The Atlanta Journal—l was received i with quite a demonstration. A brass band was in waiting, a handsome coach drawn up; the president ot the college met me in person and escorted me to the only hotel in the town. He Introduced me with quite a flourish to the proprietor, a middle aged and se verely practical woman, and asked her to give me the best room in the house. i "I will show him to a room," said the madam with simple directness. The college man went with me to see where I was located. The old lady marched through two large, airy rooms, and landed me in a . small compartment In the rear, about as big as a closet. /“But my dear Mrs said the president, “this is the speaker of the evening. Why can’t you give him one of these larger rooms?" "We’l, you see, doctor," was the re ply. 1 might do It. for they are va cant now. but how do I know but that some ‘traveling man* might come along this way about night?" And as hard as it was. I could not fail to recognize the justice of the dis crimination. Slowly, conservatively—they might have dene it rapidly and radically— the commercial traveler has imposed and elevated the service of the small er hotels, until it is safe to say ths average is fully 60 per cent better than it was ten years ago. There are some execrably tough hotels, but the average is steadily ris ing. as tbe traveling man runs from a tough hotel as he would from an epi demic. And the conception is dawning lings are the highest in price we dress them when about nine weeks of age and weighing from eight to ten pounds per pair. Q.—When you raise young ducks for breeding purposes, what to best to feed in this case? A.—They do best to range them on a grass plat ajid feed lightly of food calcu lated to develop muscle, feathers and bone. Growing Tomatoes. Professor Massey, of North Carolina, is quoted as saying that he formerly enter tained the oplnioqi, still held by some (by a good many, might be said) “that heavy applications of nitrogenous ma nures made the vines too rank and the fruit more crooked; but persistent efforts in improving the character of the fruit and the inodes of culture have convinced him that with a good strain of seed no amount of manuring will make it any more irregular in any event, and that a rank growth of vine, induced by heavy manuring, simply indicates the need ot more room for the plant and a heavier crop of big tomatoes, and that heavy manuring tn the hill is the best way to insure a vigorous growth of vine and a corresponding vigor and perfection in the fruit.”' In a general way, says T. Greiner, writ ing in the Practical Farmer, I am entirely in accord with Professor Massey oq these points, except that I prefer broadcast ma nuring to hill application. One of the heaviest yields of most perfect fruit I ever saw was on the grounds of a neigh bor in New Jersey, who had put a heavy coat of composted fish manure (rich in phosphoric acid and nitrogen) on his patch. It is not always true that small fruit grows from seeds of small fruit, and vice versa, for I would rather use the seed of a small tomato taken from a vine that has mostly large tomatoes than from an exceptionally large specimen growing on a plant that otherwise has all small fruits. But Ido believe that "trimming and training the plant to a single stem leads to a smaller production of blossoms, less pollen and a smaller crop; that the larg est crops are always on the plants which are allowed to take their full natural de velopment and grow at their own sweet will on the ground,” and that it may be true to some extent that "healthy toma toes lying on the ground are no more lia ble to rot than those trained off it.” It would not be easy to And a fruit that can be more rapidly Improved by careful se lection or run out more rapidly by care less handling than the tomato. Moultrie Observer: Governor Candler had a pegs interview In Monday's Atlanta Journal. It waa an indorsement of a certain patent medicine. The interview bore marks of forg ery-being absolutely free from "cuss words?* AMERICAN HOTELS. BY JOHN TEMPLE GRAVES. upon the boniface that the only way to entice him and to hold him is to provide for his comfortable and cosy entertainment. _ One of the great Influences that la making to 'the betterment of the American country hotel is the force of example. The fatne and popularity of a really good country hotel spreads so fast and Is talked of so constantly and heartily by the commercial trav eler that others, seeing their flood works, are moved to follow them. The commercial men of Georgia can never estimate the debt they owe to the pioneer excellence of the Nelms house at Griffin. That fine old house keeper has set a model which has reached the Judgment and the emula tion of other towns in Georgia, and its leaven has leavened the bread of many an inferior inn with the spirit of im provement. She deserves a monu ment. One of the earliest and the very best of the Improved interior hotels of the country is kept aj Athens, Ohio —by a negro! It is the only hotel in the town and from tfcreehbld to celling It is a model of snowy neatness, excellent cooking, admirable service and polite attention. I felt some hesitation at first in going there in the wake of the traveling men whoge grips I always follow. But doubt was dissolved in delight. It is the model interior hotel of the middle states. It had one Incident of refined consid eration for the comfort of guests which f had never seen before, and which has since been adopted in larger hotels. In addition to the ornamental bottles of bay-rum and Florida water furnished free for the toilet, there was on every dresser a cushion, whereon were two needles—threaded, mark you—the on# with white, the other with black thread, and an assortment of buttons such as a traveling gentle man might need in the emergency of an accident to his clothing. Now, no man ever threaded a needle with piety preserved, and this small considera tion created a sensation. I noticed the other day in Chicago that -the Aufiltortum arid the Great Northern had adopted the innovation at this late day. They have added to the equipment also a brace of safety pins, but this 'last is a base and trucu lent bid of the eity hotels for the baby trade, which every self-respecting bachelor will resent. And all along the line the new and Improved hotels’are springing up—and making money hand over fist. These good hotels are so crowded that in many of the smaller towns, even as far southward as Oklahoma, it requires a telegram a day In ad vance to secure a room, and nearly every night the halls and parlors are crowded. Few things pay better than a good hotel ih a flourishing small town in the west—or for that matter anywhere in the country. They adver tise themselves. I could name two score hotels in the towns of 6,000 and under which make a delightful and luxurious home for the traveler,. My space prevents the list, but the subject is worth recur ring to at another time. All the bad hotels are not dead—alas! and alack-a-day! There is a hotel in a town of 4.000 people, within 25 miles of New York city that ought not to be tolerated in Euzon. There is another within 20 miles of St. Louis a" bad. and they are still dhrkly dotted aS black and dys peptic miasmas in the wake of com merce throughout the country. There is no excuse for them- They ought not to be tolerated by opinion or by the law of the __ I suggested a. while ago that I wauld show how the “drummers” might remedy such hotels. I haven’t space to do it. Except briefly. Suppose the 10.008 drummers in lowa should memorialize the legislature—and what legislature would Ignore such number?—to put hotels under state supervision? And why not? The law requires an examlr nation and a license to cut your hah-, to trim your nails, or to doctor your horse! Why not require a test of fitness to preside over the nightly comfort and the immortal digestion of the men who keep the business of the country in motion? Why not forbid every scurvy cook, with a cart load of furniture and a skillet of grease to set up a shack to be called a hotel, with no other stan dard than the price of 12 per day? The county commissioners in each county might visit the hotels at un expected times, ‘receive complaints, administer criticism, and, if necessary, revoke licenses,' without extra cost to the state. A tough hotel is a crime against the traveler and should be punished and prevented by law. I appeal to Sam Jones and General Gordon and the grand- army of the T. P. A. to sustain this view. SUCCESS IN SIGHT AS INVENTOR DIED NEW YORK, Dec. Regarding the re port that Edward Taylor Bradford, the Inventor and mining engineer, had suc ceeded in disposing of his interests in a patent smelter for over a million dollars jut previous to his death m this city, Al fred C. Purdy, a partner of the dead man said: , "Mr. Bradford had perfected a smelter which decreased the expense of reducing ores by two-thirds, an invention to which he had devoted the greater portion of his professional life. One of his smelters is in practical operation in Utah, and another is being erected in the state of Washing ton. In addition to this he was negotiating the sale of a rich mine hi Alaska under an arrangement by which he was to receive a large block Os stock. I was his partner, and we were negotiating with four promi nent bankers of this cjty. Mr. Bradford was a comparatively poor man, but I am sure that within a year he would have realized from $1,000,000 to $1,250,000. I am going to try to save part of this money for his estate, but I am not sure what I can do. His home was in Denver, where he leaves a wife, a son and two daugh ters. I have received word from Mrs. Bradford to send her husband’s body to Denver and will comply with her request today.” CA.«TORXA.. Kind Yoa Hive Always Bsqf flignstire fT” y rs K. T. Massey Dead. VACDOSTA, Dec. 28.—A report from Hahira brings the tidings of the death of Mr. K. T. Massey, a prominent naval stores manufacturer of that eity, who was operated upon for appendicitis by Dr. Holmes last week. Mr. Massey’s con dition has been so critical all along that there was little hope for his recovery, though up to the time that the disease took hold of him he was a perfect picture of health. He was well known and prom inent | throughout this section. THAT HACKING COUGH !« a source of annoyance to yourself and others, as well as of distress. By taking a teaspoonful of Painkiller in half a glass of warm water or milk every hour or two, you will be surprised to find how quickly the cough will disappear. Insist upon getting the genuine. Sold in two sizes. Price 2Sc. and 60c. Avoid substitutes, there is but one Pain-Killer, Perry Davis’. Rochelle New Era: Georgia should be proud of Senator Bacon. The Boston Herald, a non partisan paper, declares that he is the ablest Democrat in the senate. Dairying and Line Stock Conducted By B. W. Hunt The writer extends a farewell in this is sue to the readers of thia department. With this final letter he wishes to send greetings to all who have followed Jhe rec ord of his twenty-five years’ experience in live stock breeding, feeding, and de veloping of the domestic animals of the sduth. To those who do not stop in the ardu ous duties of life to think of the needless suffering of dumb creatures he hopes some words he has spoken in this column may give eyes to see, and ears to hear, and hearts to feel the misery about us. “Mis ery” that saw tongues have voiced, and few pens emphasized. "Misery” to our helpless animals in tbe cot ton states resulting largely from dependence on the barbarous negro for food, drink and care, in sickneaa and in health. “Misery,” too, from following advice of quack veterinarians, ar those un skilled and ignorant, without experience or scientific training whose victim is tbe dumb sufferer. Much of the veterinary practice of the rural south should bo rele gated to the “dark ages” with the thumb screw and the rack. The writer has tried to convince correspondents that the red hot Iron, the knife and the blister, and many compounds of drugs prescribed are generally productive of agony and not re lief. • In this department the inquirer has al ways been told frankly when remedies were useless. In this way unnecessary pain has been saved the animal and un necessary expense the owner. This is contrary to the usage of most of the veter inary editors of the American agricultural papers and Mve stock journals. The writer hardly knows of a veterinari an who will not give a prescription for any and all diseases whether the patient be injured or benefited thereby. Those peculiar southern ailments wholly unknown to northern practitioners ex cept by hearsay, are prescribed for through the veterinary columns of the average stock papers with as much assur ance as the well known northern and Eu ropean diseases es animals. To one rea sonably familiar with the action of medi cines, nothing is easier than to assign •very ailment to a class of diseases, and then following the teaching of the phar macopoeia give a prescription. Holding the belief that southern stock raisers could only be benefited by use of remedies known and tried to be efficacious under southern conditions, the writer has never advised any but those his own ex perience had proven. He has answered the inquirer from the point of view of the breeder of costly ani mals, rather than that of the paid veteri nary. That some valuable lives have been saved and some pein mitigated, and some pecuniary loss averted, he hopes and be lieves in closing his two years’ effort. He had in prospect a treatise on the horses and sheep in England, Ireland, France and the Channel islands from his own observations there, but time and space never were at his command after the urgent letters of Inquiry were answer ed. He realizes that breeding and study of live stock in the north gives the average northern self-asserting man a biased view point of the southern field. Like the sci entists, if a life be half lived out seeing but one side of the question, the scholar, no matter of how great piental ability, never can see the other sidfe or grasp the whole. The writer claims it is his good fortune to have seen, grasped and endeavored to share in the advancement of true scien tific treatment of diseases and to have given the reader# of his column faithfully the results. In retiring he wishes to thank every one who has read his thoughts as they have weekly been presented. He is indebted to all who have asked him questions through the paper. Every inquiry has af forded him pleasure to answer. No work of an arduous and busy life has been more enjoyed than that done by the writer through the Atlanta Journal. B. W. HUNT. Answering Old Subscribers, Buchanan, Georgia. Give your horse the following: Turpen tine, 1 ounce; raw linseed oil, 3 ounces; mix and drench. This will make but one dose, and the same should be repeated, so the animal will get really two ounces of turpentine and six ounces of linseed oil in twenty four hours, for three consecutive days; on the fourth day give one ounce aloes. This should be followed by eome tonic, say, give once a day: Sulphate of Iron, 1-3 ounce; extract of camomile, 1 ounce. I think most horses and cows are bene fited In the cotton belt by being fed oc casionally sulphur, and they surely need either bone meal or phosphate of lime. The abnormal appetite of tije horse will disappear when he gets in good health. B. W. H. Pasturing Cattle. I am thinking of investing some money on a small scale as a business experiment, not feeding, but to pasture cattle on Ber muda grass and green rye, and before do ing so I have concluded to ask your ad vice. I know of no one better suited for this advice and information than yourself, and hops I will not intrude too much on your valuable time in asking, and any information you may give me will be greatly appreciated by me. How many cattle will one acre of the average Bermuda pasture? Can I pasture from let of April until Ist of Octooer. If so, this will ne cessitate feeding from Ist of October to January Ist. CAn 1 sow rye, say Ist of October, so as to begin grazing Ist of January and graze until Ist of April, then take the cattle .and put them to Bermuda grass? Will thia rye go to seed after cattle are taken off, thereby saving my seed rye? How many cattle will one acre of rye maintain? How much rye would you advise to be sown per acre? Which are the best beef cattle and where can I’ get A bull and about what price? Which is the best and cheapest, the woven wire or the barbed wire fence? By changing pastures and looking after them and keeping ticks off of them, do , you think there would be any money in the business? * A Warthen, Ga. Answer: On my farm when I first com menced to pasture Jersey cattie, on land partly upland and partly bottom land, my cattle appeared to need between two and three acres to the grown animal. Later the land produced so much more grass that I could carry in good condition near ly double the number of grazing animals on the same land. That the land im proved under the grazing I am confident. I believe that by long grazing one acre will produce sufficient grass for a cow. I usually found my cattle would do well on grass from April 11th to October Ist, or to an average of those dates, say six months and ten days. By feeding either cotton seed or cotton seed hulls, the pe riod of grazing on grass can be length ened at both ends. Economically I have found native hay a very cheap cattle food. Most farms have bottom land that will produce several cuttings of grass a year. The expense is slight for curing and hous ing. or stacking if one has a skillful builder of hay stacks in his employ. I do not think green rye will prove as cheap a food if used for winter grazing as will hay. The seed rye costs high and should be sown thick, say a bushel to the acre, or even more on some land. I have never sown rye as early as October Ist; it is generally sown here about November Ist 1 would not trust rye in this climate to re seed itself. Rescue grass and burr clov er, both better grazing than rye, will do this successfully, and they, too, are win ter and early spring growing plants. I do not think rye has ever been tested alone as to its feedink capacity as a graz ing plant, 1. as to how many cattie say ten acres would carry. I have usually sown about ten acres, and ten to twenty cows have kept It eaten close to the ground. To graze upon. I would sow not less than one bushel per acre.' I never like a plant, or an animal, for that matter, unsuited to our climate. Rye is a plant that takes a climate as cold as Canada or northern Europe. There it will bear heavy heads of grain, which it never does in middle Georgia. I think of all the grains, turf oats ths best for winter grazing. Beef cattie! Which are best? I doubt if there » any appreciable difference be tween the best real beef cattle. I mean between Short Horns, which are also called Durhams, Hereford* and Polled Angus. I have Short Horns. Some of my neigh bors have Hereford*. If you buy a registered bull he will cost from 360 to SIOO, as a calf. Unregistered heifers, <l6 to <36 as calves in Tennessee. Unregis tered bulls same price as heifer calves. If a man is going to stay in the buslnsee, he ought to have a registered butl, so there will be no divided ancestry to breed back to. There is a saying well known among breeders “that like begets like, er the likeness ot some ancestor." I do not like the motto, for many peo ple stop at the interpretation of the first part, thinking IJJte will bsget like surely. This is far from the truth in the aver age when applied to calves of a bull of mixed ancestry. The short time under which our so-called pure bred cattle have been modified by man has not yet fixed the desirable characteristics of any of the improved breeds. When a fine indi vidual is bred and raised of mixed an centry, his produce probably will breed up to and no higher than a level of his near ancestors. If the individual be above that average, his produce will most likely fall below it In desirable qualities. The registration is a guaranty of breed ing, and an undivided ancestry is what the breeder should demand in a sire. It you want to buy Short Horns, write J. H. Pickrell, secretary American Short Horn Breeders’ association, Springfield, 111., and ask for breeder' names nearest to you. Regarding fences. Do not use barbed wire with valuable live stock. A live stock breeder will have accidents and losses in plenty without himself inviting them by setting a death trap for horses, and a teat and udder destruction trap for cows. Wooven wire is used in Europe largely and is satisfactory. The price in America is so high one cannot afford to buy it Therefore I use plain wire, about the size of telegraph lines. I have tried ribbon wire, two strands twisted to gether of round wire, etc., etc., but plain single strand galvanised wire is most economical. I use not less than fouj* strands, commencing twenty inches from the ground, next strand thirty Inches, nest thirty-six inches, next forty-four inches from the ground. 1 find this di vision most efficacious for all animals ex cept sheep and goats. I do not know how your county stands as to cattle fever. If like mine, about half infected with fever and half not in fected. the risk is worse than if aU fields and farms were full of fever ticks. Fully Infected land would cause all home raised animals to be immunee. If I raise some calves on one of my farms and change to another I am sure to lose part of them with fever. Hence, I practice giving in mild form the fever to my imported Short Horns, also to all home raised animals that have not been exposed to tbe fever carrying ticks. If you buy beef cattle you should have them inoculated with fever germs before next summer. The Missouri experiment station can do this, and they have per formed the operation for the benefit of breeders. Likely if you write to them they might put you in correspondence with some Missouri breeders of whom you could buy and have the station vet erinary surgeon inoculate the cattle be fore shipment. I bqUeve I have covered aU the points inquired about. If not clear to you write again. I must omit answering positively whether there will boa profit in the bus iness, fqr I can not see into the future. I feel confident that beef cattle must rule high in price for sona/s years to come, as the statistics show a shortage in this country. Therefore tbe time is propitious for starting to raise them. Changes in farming should follow the old maxim of “make haste slowly.” but let me add be sure to make haste In the right direction. In other words, raise the old paying crops in the old way and slowly add on the new ventures. If this live stock venture be entered into In this spirit, allowed to develop along lines of least resistance, supported and accompanied by the old system of farming as practiced isl your neighbor hood. I believe it will finally prove eco nomically profitable. B. W. HUNT. Schmidt Treatment for Milk Fever. A few weeks ago a man drove 8 miles to tell me of his eow, and ask what to do for her. She had recently dropped a calf, was down unable to rise, and as the man thought hopeless. As the cow was an extraordinary dairy animal, and to please his wife, be said he would get a remedy from me. and save her if possible. His description fitted my observation of milk fever as it has appeared among the beat dairy cows of my section. I fitted the man out with 3 drachm pow ders of iodide of potassium, and a glass syringe, with a small point. His instructions were to dissolve 3 drachms of potassium iodide in one quart of boiled water, and Inject into the four teats of the cow, at blood heat, 1-2 pint into each teat, until he injected the whole 3 drihms of lodide of potassium dissolv ed in the quart of water, through the ori fices of the teats. To repeat the dose within a few hours if the cow did not respond. To gently rub the udder by hand, really giving it what is now called massage treatment. The syringe, or glass dropper or whatever is used to inject the fluid into tbe udder to be disinfected with 5 per cent carbolic acid, solution of cre olin, or any other antiseptic preparation. This cow had grown worse in the three hours consumed in getting the medicine and only because he had It convenient was the iodide of potassium injected into a cow aparentiv dying. She was then left, for the night, with no thought of seeing her ailve in the morning. The next morning ahe was found at the stable ready to eat with the rest of the cows, apparently we~. At ths same time she was sick a neighbor’s cow was sim ilarly attacked, treated by the old way and died. Surely the loss from milk fever by dairy men is nearly ended. AH thanks to Dr. Schmidt of Denmark. I also had the cow given 1 pound of Ep som salts, which should always be kept at hand on every dairy farm. When a dairyman has a cow with an enormous flow of milk, it is a wise course to give just before as well as just after parturition a dose of salts. Then, when Parturient Apoplexy devel opes, give the Schmidt treatment promptly through the teats. Thus we gain from Denmark a remedy not yet in the Vete nary works, that appears to eliminate ths loss every breeder of dairy stock has here tofore suffered from milk fevar. B. W. H. four (hO <4E QUARTS.. SO.IO ASSORTMENT NO. 3. One Onart A-year Rye Whiskey. One Quart Jamaica Rum. One Quart Rock and Rye. , Upe Quart Prach and Haney Guaranteed absolutely pure. Sent prensid ft ptain ee*«. V. not thorongtuy satisfactory your money win bt refunded. Address - i MUITim HU COMMM, itlutl. Bl When ordering specify Assortment No. 3. . 1 A Ftr LUS tti.oo toSM W-M Wateli.7g|F nMEradSa twvrsw’ L MILLET. Th!« wsteh !« Huntins " Jeweler. _ ( case, ladle*’ stae; Httle 38WtffiaMtt M. 99BMMEE9SH99EraS9SBBenSBBB9S9SeSg9g3B8| ..• Do You Want a Farm ? Where there are no rocky hills, no terrac ing. no washing; but where the land tai level and fertile, upon which you can raise good crops with little labor? Then, communicate with W. L. GLESSNKR, , Commissioner of Immigration, Macon, Ga. “Nerroue Md Its runtlr 1 ot His” i* the title Os a valuable it-page book, editart asd pubO«h> , % ff *d by J. Kswton Hathaway, M. ’ D.. the acknowledged medieai as- XKgflf thorlty of America. It is fuli »f plain fact* that every man should know, pn* of tbeee book. wtQ be sent free io any one eendis* tnetr and to DR HATHAWAY.SI » Inmaft Blda .Atlaata.Ge. I Stricture CURED WHILE YOU BI.EEPIU DAIS. neat, li Invited to writs to BujamaeMausMAMX( ■ and they will eend their lUaatrated TreaUae. *hov» ins the parts of tbe male system involved in nretbral ailments, Sealed PREPAID. g HfcE ST. JAMES MEDICAL ASSOCIATIOX. 52 St. James Building, Cincinnati, 0. fteut, Saaltk astragal ffd dw'BJaakaw amß MBS. WIESLOWS loOTHIMQ SYRUP, ft* co tic. Perfectlysafa in all oibdi ye would say to every motherwhahasAMriferinff cttLM« Do not let your prejudice, nar tbs prejudioaa of attears, stand bartreaa you and your snffin- the medifllne, if timely used.. Pries flfla. • botdw onnt nllll\ atamp. Address T. 8. Agency, BnxM I IIUUU Dm Dallas, Texas. ”■£ 100-PIGfBOOMREE 311 nfwsn frm Primary .Swerdsry I* V. Ur. p«r»aa«lsy wnd tbs ewstmaeU » KM [ V days. u4w tarn gusruW. If 1 1 Kmylss. flepyer Odsrsd fcots. Wssrs sa aarysilefWS w| tedv. Baiter systems* ajliM#a<vriUlirw«fc< |l COOK REMEDY CO?" U BOSTROM’S IMPROVED FARM LEVEL la uat s Maxaagirr, but the best one made for Tet racing. Ditching and Dr*fe egr- Price ffi.SU. inaswßag ATX circular and Dluttrated Have you arranged for your reading matter for the next year? If not sub scribe at once for The Semi-Weekly Journal, which reaches you regularly twice a week, containing all the lategt news of the world and many articles from prominent contributors. Go to your postoffice, purchase a money order for SI.OO or register It to us, and we will send you The Semi* Weekly Journal one year, and In addi tion the American Agriculturist, or Home and Farm, or the Stockman, or the Western Poultry News or the Tri- State Farmer, or the Conkey Homo Journal, or one of the best wall maps of the etate of Georgia. On the rovsroo aide Is the map of the United States, with ths 1900 census In bold, red typo across the face of each state, or the. two McKinley pictures. Now Is the time to get your reading matter for 1902. One dollar and fifty cents pays for five papers per week, The Semi-Weekly Journal twice a week and the New York World three times. Send your or ders direct to The Journal, Atlanta, Ga. ONE CENT For ten sample copies ot ma SemkWeekly Journal. Write the names of ten of your neigh bors on a postal card, malt to us and we will send a sample copy to each name free. Address | The Journal, Atlanta,Ga, Rather Handy With »n Excuse. * Punch. Jealous Wife—My dear Fred, at yonr ag* you ought really to be quite ashamed of yourself! You are always running after all a the pretty ladies! . 8 Fred (quick at a reparteel—My dear! My dear! That ought to put you quite at your ease. It only proves that they are always trying to get away from ma 5