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8
With Wright's Brigade At
North Anna and Cold Harbor
Going into bivouac on the road from
North Anna bridge to Hanover Court
House after midnight of May IMh.
Wright's brigade slept the remainder of
that night, for the first time In two weeks,
in perfect peace; no bursting shells,
shrieking shot, or whistling bullets to lull
the senses or disquiet the the nerves; no
orders to entrench before going to sleep,
no detail of men to picket or for outpost
duty. Can you Imagine a greater elysium
for the tired, dirty, grimy band, who at
daylight lay curled upon the ground, en
joying the first really quiet sleep which
bad been theirs since leaving camp near
Orange Court House? Each fellow, offi
cer and soldier alike, had his quota of dirt,
either were equally ragged, with clothing
sadly in need of repairs. Soon after sun
rise the command fall into line, moving
toward Hanover Court House till reach
that point, we filed to the left towards
the North Anna, halted and stacked guns.
We were then told we had liberty to wash
our persons and our clotnes also, if we
had any. which, by the b’y. were very
scarce and well frazzled. what we did
have, after our experiences in the Wilder
ness and Spottsylvania. The men were
•oon into the brook which flowed at the
foot of the hill: some, to economise time,
washed the mud out of their garments,
spreading them on the hillside to dry, re
turned to the water to get off the Spott
■ylvanla coat of dirt before getting to
bedrock through that taken on at the
Wilderness*.
We were succeeding measurably well in
our efforts to get clean, when without
warning, bang! went a gun. "Where are
you?" "Where are you?" came a shell
thirty feet over our heads, and from the
direction in which the Tanks ought to be.
Instantly the party of washers ceased to
wash, each fellow slid into his dripping
elothes. then made for the stack of guns.
. jn ten minutes every man was accoutred,
in line, and on the march to Jericho ford,
a half mile away, resembling in their wet
and dabby clothes a rather large party
. of candidates for Baptism who had re
ceived immersion and were making a bee
line far home to put on dry clothes.
The Tanks had not crossed over, howev
er. having contented themselves with
planting a battery some two miles back.
>nd from this, dropping a shell over and
Knong us as we were Industriously turn
g the soil into earth works to oppose
their crossing, if such should be their in
tention
On the bluff above us, Mclntosh s bat
tery had drawn up and unlimbered four
SLpaund Parrotts, without pitting the
guns or dismounting the timbers. The
Yankee gun opposite and not certainly
Bearer than two miles, fired a range shot,
and at the next fire exploded one of the
Parrott Umbers on the bluff. For a few
seconds th* air was full of exploding
shell, scrap iron, pieces of the limber
chest and the surplus clothing of the gun
crew. It was the best single cannon shot
this deponent ever saw.
In the afternoon we were transferred
from the bottom to the bluff above to the
left of the road, and here again the dirt
was made to fly- The position was m
some respects a bad one. as it could be
enfiladed, and no amount of traversing
could remedy the drop which the enemy
had on us. During the second day our
old friends, the 10th Georgia battalion, oc
cupied the right of the line near the road,
behind works which they had partially re
inforced with rails. The Tanks kept peg
ging away at our Une. which we. for the
lack of artillery, could not reply to. There
were several casualties in the different
commands. Finally a shell fired to en
filade the line passed on the outside of the
revetment, going in under the works and
exploding dumped several cart loads of
dirt and a cord or two of rails over and
on the left company of the 10th Georgia
battalion. For some seconds'we thought
they were mil killed, but directly the rails
began to quiver, the earth to move in
spots small spouts of dust began to as
cend Uke a whale blowing water, a head
would be thrust up spitting a chunk of
mud out of its mouth, with an "ouch"
and a grunt, the members of the 10th.
with some few exceptions, were finally all
resurrected. It would have been grotesque,
if not so serious to those most affected.
With the dangerous work which at all
times confronted us was often interjected
happenings of a ludicrous character, and
who could enjoy them more than your
devil-may-care "Johnny Reb," who inured
to danger and used to hardships, when
not fighting would relax enough to see
the joke and laugh, it mattered not who
was the victim.
Our first lieutenant. W. W. Rlchard
was an original character, as brave
as a Hon. and as generous and goodheart
cd as he was brave. He was very ex
citable. however, and when excited he
sputtered out his words with about the
mme credence as a lot of horse-chestnuts
Would pop in the fire. The weather was
hot and for the convenience of shelter he
bad spread his fly just back of the tren
ches. upon ground cleared and somewhat
elevated over that upon which the trench
was situated. A third of a mile above us
upon the opposite bank of the river was
an old mill; in the attic of this mill, an
adventuro'.is Tankee had planted him
self. and by punching out a few shingles
g||eg!g y— ——— ■!_.
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62 3L James Building, Cincinnati, 0.
from the roof, could rake with his fire
that point of the line occupied by the
Second and Tenth battalions. Bill was
quietly snoozing under his fly laying
upon his face when the Yank fired with
pretty good alm. striking the lieutenant’s
coat about the small of the back, cutting
the waistband of his pants, going through
his shirt and out at his coat collar, leav
ing a red streak up his back as though
searred with a hot irn. The first Intima
tion any of us had of the circumstances
was the "whack" of the bullet when It
struck; the next when we heard Bill ex
claim. "G !!,” the full realisation came
when we observed him raise himself up
on his hands and feet, very much like a
sleepy eat in a snug corner, when made
to get up. With this last movement, he
lifted the ridge off which supported the
fly. down it came, and rolling out came
Bill. For about ten minutes we had a
circus equal to anything John Robinson
or P. T. Barnum ever put under canvas.
Many of the boys were already bolting
around in rear of the trench, the exclam
ation of Bill and his subsequent movement
brought out the remainder, each trying to
surmise and And out the amount of dam
age to our lieutenant. Bill relieved us and
himself as soon as he could roll and tum
ble into the trench. "G-i-t back, t-n-t-o
these d-t-t-c-h-e-s you blanked fools
don’t y-o-u see where t-h-e-m blanktety
blanked Tan-k-e-e-s have shot me? Git
back, I tell you!” He kept up this for
some time, in the meantime shedding his
clothes as he talked, to find out the extent
of his damage. Finding it so slight he
gave a sigh of relief and with a "Well,
boys, they came pretty near getting me.”
be quieted down. A short time after, the
same sharpshooter killed a member of my
company. William Clarke. Three or four
of us asked permsslon to go up the river
and run him out. Keeping well under
cover till opposite the mill, the party dis
posed themselves to await developments.
Soon his gun was pushed out of the hole
to fire, but before he did so, a gun from
our party cracked, firing at his probable
position. His gun did not Are. and after
waiting for ten or fifteen minutes we
concluded the chance shot may have kill
ed him. or he intended shifting his posi
tion. and was keeping quiet. Chancing to
look away beyond the mill. I saw a Tan
kee running up the slope toward his
lines, his right arm hanging limp by his
side. He was not nearer than a thousand
yards, perhaps further; taking good alm,
at the report of my gun his heels flew
up and down he went. He was without
doubt the same fellow who had shot at
Richardson, killed Clarke and had made
us all do some ducking, but as we were
troubled no more from that quarter, he
must have been the guilty man. During
the period covered by what has been
written. Grant had been by no means
idle, crossing columns above and below
us, he had attacked Wilcox' division near
the bridge above, met a partial success,
but was finally repulsed; below us Long
street's corps under R. H. Anderson had
repulsed and driven off his crossing party.
On May 26th the brigade moved more to
the left, and* with Harris’ Mississippi
brigade on our left, took up a strong de.-
fenstve position perpendicular to the river,
and facing north. Company B of our bat
talion were sent south to the picket line,
and pretty soon developed a considerable
federal force, who had by some means,
crossed the river below the bridge and
were doing some lively scrapping with
the boys of Company B.
This company had in the previous year
at Gettysburg lost every officer and was
commanded by a detail of officers from
other commands, on this occasion by
Lieutenant G. J. Peacock, of company A,
a gallant and most capable officer. Pret
ty soon a messenger came back with the
report that the company was being forced
back, and requesting orders or reinforce
ments. Our company was ordered out to
give them the necessary help. Passing
through a thick woods we descended down
into a deep ravine, and as the guns were
popping lively over the opposite face and
approaching us. it became necessary to
deploy in order to give the required suc
cor to the line falling back upon us.
There was some delay in accomplishing
this, and by the time our line was ready
to advance company B was upon us, re
porting the enemy in power just behind
them and the loss to themselves of sev
eral men. among them I. B. English and
George Keith. Having joined forces and
no enemy immediately appearing we were
ordered forward, in some places a difficult
thing to do, as the face of the ravine was
in many places almost perpediuclar, but
by dint of perseverance we were finally
mustered, tired and out of breath, upon
the plateau above. Advancing some hun
dred yards further we were halted to
await the enemy, now momentarily ex
pected. By some circumstance myself
and Josh Ttnley, of my company, were on
the extreme right of the company, de
tached by some accident of the ground
from connection with the balance of the
company by perhaps fifty yards. The
ground in front, to the left and right of
us was thickly set with second growth
pines, too thick to see an object in any di
rection more than sixty or eighty feet.
Lieutenant Richardson came up to the
line, cautioned us to keep a clofee watch
for the enemy and to hold our ground if
attacked. He had left us but a few min
utes when a noise like the coming of a
cyclone or the advance of a drove of Tex
as steers reached our ears. Peering in
the direction of the noise: we could see
nothing, but closer came the sound, which
now had the buzzing of voices, indicating
not wind or steers, but people were the
occasion of it. Tlnley and myself each
had a good tree for protection, and with
guns ready were determined to "hold our
ground.” The noise coming nearer, but
evidently passing across our front, we
squatted down and readily distinguished
the left flies of three columns passing our
front. Discharging our guns into the
flanks of the first line, loading and firing
as fast as we could, we were not des
tined to have it all to ourselves. The fire
was returned with interest, the bark fly
ing as the bullets struck the trees, but
neither of us was touched. Josh thought
it about time to vamoose, but reminding
him of our orders to "hold our ground,”
we remained. Luckily for us the blue
coats went on, evidently intent upon larger
game than two lonesome rebs. In a few
minutes Lleutenaht Richardson came up
the line to where we were, directing me
to go back to brigade headquarters and
ask that a stronger force be sent out, as
we were too weak to hold our position.
Asking what force 1 should report as op
posing us, he said, “Tell ’em Grant's whole
blanked army is in front, and to come
quick." Crossing the ravine I started to
wards the main line, ‘some half mile back,
overtaking an officer who, wounded, was
going to the rear. From him 1/ learned
the force was only about a brigade; that
they had gone down into the ravine high
er up, evidently, from their actions, think
ing the field clear, and that they were
making preparations to go into camp.
Seeing a body of men coming toward
us from our left, and thinking a messen
ger had preceded me to headquarters, I
went toward them, finding them to be
one of Harris’ regiments (Sixteenth Mis
sissippi. 1 think), on their way to the
front. Acquainting the commanding offi
cer with the situation in front, he prom
ised to take care of those Tanks. Believ
ing my mission was accomplished, 1 re
turned to my post, found Tlnley in posi
tion and warned him that pretty soon we
would see some fun. In perhaps ten min
utes a tremendous volley to our le€t, fol
lowed by the unmistakable "rebel yell"
told us plain enough that the Mississip
piuns had struck the Yanks and as the
yelling and tiring canre toward us, it was
evident enough the Yanks were on the
run. “cyclone" noise was a little
louder on this occasion, as the enemy
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA. MONDAY, JAJNDARY 20, 1902.
BY E. A. SHIVER,
Co. C, 2nd Battalion Ga. Vols.,
Wright’s Brigade, A. N. V.
were making all the time possible toward
the river, accelerated by the vengeful
Confederates in their rear. As they passed
us. Tlnley and I nad a few more shots
at them, and as the Mississippi boys came
up, a big strapping fellow called out,
"Bang It, boys, but ain’t we making them
think its Christmas, though.” Intent and
absorbed in what was transpiring around
me, 1 had not noticed until the racket was
about over that the Federal batteries
across the river were raking the woods
we were in with grape and shell. That
Federal brigade was well nigh destroyed.
Those who survived the attack in the ra
vine were either shot or taken in their
race to the river, or drowned after they
entered it. My recollection of the spoil
was, three stands of colors, 1.100 prisoners,
besides the killed and wounded, with their
entire outfit in guns and equipment. It is
my recollection they were from New Jer
sey end every mother's son of them were
as drunk as lords, at least those were
which I taw as prisoners. English and
Keith came into the line just before this
fight, not having been killed or taken as
supposed, being out in front sharpshoot
ing when their company fell back. It was
now dark We were relieved by the Forty
eighth Georgia and ordered back to the
main line. Some rain had fallen, the
ground was as slick as glass, the sides of
that ravine were hard to climb in daylight,
the intense darkness further complicated
the difficulty of locomotion. The men
eiirped and slid and fell, and I believe
some of them said words which our good
chaplain had he have been there would
have rebuked them for. But the provoca
tion was great. After many tribulations,
and sore in every muscle, we finally
reached our brigade and slept that night
the sleep of the just. (
The next day there was some additional
fighting on the skirmish line, considerable
cannon firing at the main lino and of
course the Average number of casualties.
The 27th dawned fair and quiet. Grant had
evidently reconsidered his intention of
getting to Richmond by the North Anna
line. In the afternoon we pulled out and
taking the road to the Pamunky, found
the cavalry under Hampton, drawn up to
receive an attack, but after monkeying
around until nearly sun down, no attack
came, and we were marched down about
three miles and went into some works
which we were told were built by La-
Fayette, as a protection against the at
tack of Simcoe and Tarlton in their ef
forts to capture Richmond during the rev
olutionary war. On the next day Grant
Carter and I were sent out on outpost
duty.
Not being relieved the next day, we re
mained o/i duty till night, and though
we had sent numerous messages to the
rear, no relief came. On the night of the
second day I addressed a note by a pass
ing ranger to any commanding officer he
should find back at the lines, explaining
the situation, asking relief, and if not
given by 9 o'clock we would march back
to our command and leave his front un
picketed. This had the desired effect, for
by that hour an officer in charge of a
squad of men was heard coming up the
road. Hunting him. we gave him such in
formation as we were possessed of in re
gard to the location of the enemy’s posts,
etc., and retired to our lines. On getting
to where we had left the brigade we
found a North Carolina brigade in the
place they had occupied, with no knowl
edge of where they had gone. After wan
dering down the lines till near midnight
without news of the we spread
our blankets and went to sleep.'At day
light we resumed our tramp and found
ourselves behind the lines of Breckin
ridge's division, lately moved down from
western Virginia. They evidently knew
very little about soldiering, for we were
continually annoyed and delayed by their
rear patrols halting us until patience was
pretty near exhausted. Toward midday oil
January Ist we succeeded in finding our
command near Mechanicsville- then on
the march to Cold Harbor, the patering
fire of whose opening guns was heralding
the opening of one of the most sanguina
ry battles of the war. The line-up of Fed
erate, determined to force their way to
Richmond, and that of the Confederates
a little more determined that they should
not, forms one of the most interesting
chapters in a campaign so full of interest
ing. sad and gloomy but glorious memo
ries. During the afternoon and night of
June Ist Meade, under Grant’s orders,
was massing his best troops in large
force; some estimates put it as high as
60.000, elosed in column by division front
ujon the plateau overlooking the Chicka
hominy, above the grapevine bridge, the
scene of Longstreet’s glorious victory
over Porter in 1862. Promptly at daylight
this mass of infantry in blue advanced
confidently to assault the Confederate
lines. I say confidently, because their
numbers were so overwhelming, the force
ip their front so inferior, victory seemed
assured. Hurrahing as they came, calling
out. “You d—d rebels come out of them
works!” They reached to within forty
yards before a gun was fired. Then from
the muzzles of the guns of Hith and Pen
der. Fields and Kershaw a sheet of flame
withered the moving mass. They hesitat
ed, wavered, broke and fled. Time and
again they advanced to bp’slaughtered as
at first. The brigade of Wright, which had
been touching the left of the line, was to
ward 9 o’clock drawn back and moved
further to the right, as it was evident
that here the principal effort was being
made. Pressing in the rear of the ground
held by Kershaw and Fields we were com
pelled to submit to a terrific fire from the
enemy’s batteries, which, well posted and
pitted, overlooking our-first and second
line of defense, overshot them and came
with full force among us.
While awaiting orders of assignment in
this position, the enemy on our right
front assaulted the brigade of Clingman,
composed of North Carolinians, forced
them out of their trenches and on a rap
id run to the rear. Wright’s brigade was
ordered in to retake the works, but Qpl
qiiitt, who occupied the second line, af
ter trying in vain to stop the run of
Clingman’s runaways, ordered the Twen
ty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Georgia
regiments in to retake the works.
In five minutes time they had accom
plished this, driving the Federate out and
carpeting the earth with dead and wound
ed Federate. Wright then occupied the
second line and in moving in, among the
other losses, Lieut. Col. Emory Rylander
was killed.
The Federate were in a manner success
ful in their assault on the position of
Breckinridge, some half mile to our right,
near what is known as Turkey Ridge.
With his division occupying a summit on
open ground, he was assailed in heavy
force, his mountaineers, like the noble
red men. being used to nothing larger
than a squirrel rifle, could not stand the
racket of big and little guns with the
accompaniment of shells, grape and can
nister, so they, too, made a run for the
rear. There had come to Anderson’s di
vision, commanded now by Mahone, a few
days before, a brigade of Floridians, com
manded by a little dapper Irishman by
the name of Finnigan. “Finn,” as he was
familiarly called, had the proverbial
Irishman's good nature, and mother wit,
with an abundance of courage. His bri
gade occupying the right of our division,
was ordered by Early to retake the posi
tion. This was done handsomely and
promptly. The affair over. Early ap
proached “Finn” and thinking to compli
ment him said:
"General allow me to congratulate you,
sir; your brigade has made quite a rep
utation today.”
"Beg pardon. Jinneril, you are mistaken,
they are only sustaining it, sor.”
By 3 o’clock fighting had ceased along
the line. The Federal loss has been va
riously stated at from 13,000 to 20,000, and
every effort to get up another assaulting
party was unavailing. The men absolute
ly refused, drunk or sober, to get within
range of Confederate rifles again that
day, and in fact, it was several days be
fore their equinimity was sufficiently es
tablished to get them up to us again.
Upon the picket line, however, the fir
ing continued. After nightfall we formed
ourselves in support of Tige Anderson
and Benning, whose pickets kept up a
continual clatter. "Tige” was back in the
rear milking his cow. I suppose when
getting tired of the noise and waste of
lead. by his pickets, he sent word by an
aid to stop firing. In reply to his message
he got this in return:
"You go back and tell old 'Tige' Ander
son to go to h and mind his own busi-
ness; we are running this machine,” and
I guess he minded his own business as
we heard of no more messages, at any
rate, the boys continued "to tun the ma
chine” that night. These were the sort
of men the Yanks were trying to whip.
Find Bostrom’s Imprpved Farm Level
advertisement and see what you get free.
Our latest offer, the Youth’s Compan
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♦■H 1 1 IHIIII »♦< 1 11 1 1 1
1 Veteran's Heart On- t
I Right Side; Displaced +
I a cMinie Ball t
11 u i »♦< im i
Editor Atlanta Journal: In a recent
issue of your excellent paper it was
chronicled that George W. Hurt, of Lex
ington, a veteran of the civil war upon be
ing examined for a penfelon, was discover
ed to have his heart on the right instead
of the left side of his body. Also that the
heart of Tax Collector A. P. Stewart, of
Atlanta, is on the right side of his body.
The hearts of both of these gentlemen,
it is supposed, were placed on the right
side of their bodies by some freak of na
ture: but living in Elberton, Ga., is an
old veteran, E. B. Tate, commander of
Camp No. 1085 U. C. V„ whose heart is lo
cated on the right side of his body, not
by reason of one of nature's freaks, but
through the careless use of fire arms by
one of Ohio’s natural born office seekers,
who got very close to Mr. Tate’s heart
during that bloody battle on Saturday
evening, September 19. 1863 at Chicka
mauga, Ga., some three or four hundred
yards east of what is known as the
"Vineyard house” on the battle field of
Chickamauga, Ga.
Mr. Tate was pierced through the left
chest with a minnle ball, the ball going
through an army blanket which was car
ried rolled up and hanging over his left
shoulder and entering his left nip
ple, ranging slightly downward and
coming out near the spinal column on
the left side of same, then going through
the rolled blanket again, making in all,
sixteen holes in the blanket.
Mr. Tate was a member of Company C,
15th Georgia regiment, Longstreet’s
corps. Mr. Tate is now the senior member
of E. B. Tate & Son, merchants in El
berton, Ga.
He has been an active business man, in
Elberton since the late unpleasantness in
1861-1865; born in Elbert county, and has
been honored by the good people of his
county with the office of clerk of supe
rior court, ordinary and member of the
county board of commissioners , of roads,
and rivers and holding the office of chair
man of that board 12 or 15 years. He still
enjoys good health and his heart beats
with the same regularity characteristic of
it before the eventful day—Septtmber 19,
1863. E. B. TATE.
Company C, 15th Georgia regiment,
Longstreet’s corps.
Color Bearer Seeks Old Battle Flag.
J. W. Gann, Prescott. Ark., color bearer
of the First Georgia regulars, who surren
dered at Greensboro, N. C., April 26,
1865, is very to have colors or
battle flag returned to him, care Hugh
Moncrief, Prescott,, ’Ark.
J. W. GANN.
The above is a request from Mr. J. W.
Gann, of Prescott, Ark., for you to locate,
if possible, his old battle flag through
your paper and have same sent to him at
the above address. If you can do this I
am sure that he will greatly appreciate It.
Yours very truly,
W. R. STOVALL.
Does Not Disappoint.
The New Discovery for Catarrh Seems
to Possess Remarkable Merit.
A new catarrh cure has recently appear
ed which so far as tested has been re
markably successful in curing all forms
of catarrh, whether in the head, throat,
bronchial tubes, or in stomach and liver.
The remedy is in tablet form, pleasant
and convenient to take and no special se
crecy is maintained as to what it contains,
the being a scientific combination
of Blood root, Red gum and similar val
uable anti harmless antiseptics.
The safe and effective catarrh cure may
be found at any drug store under the
name of Stuart's Catarrh Tablets.
Whether the catarrh is located in the
nose, throat, bronchial tubes, or stomach,
the tablets seem to act with equal suc
cess. removing the stuffy feeling in head
and nose, clearing the mucous membrane
of throat and trachea from catarrhal se
cretions, which cause the tickling, cough
ing, hawking and gagging so annoying to
every catarrh sufferer.
Nasal catarrh generally leads to
ulceration, . in some cases to such
an extent as to destroy the nose
entirely and in many old cases
of catarrh the bones of the head become
diseased. Nasal catarrh gradually ex
tends to the throat and bronchial tubes
and very often to the stomach, causing
that very obstinate (trouble, catarrh of
the stomach.
Catarrh is a systemic poison, inherent
tn the blood, and local washes, douches,
salves, inhalers and sprays can have no
effect on the real cause of the disease. An
internal remedy which acts upon the blood
is the only rational treatment and Stuart’s
Catarrh Tablets is the safest of all in
ternal remedies, as well as the most con
venient and satisfactory from a medical
standpoint.
Dr. Eaton recently stated that he had
successfully used Stuart’s Catarrh Tab
lets In old chronic cases, even where ul
ceration had extended so far as to destroy
the septum of the nose. He says, “I am
pleasant!}’ surprised almost every day by
the excellent results from Stuart’s Ca
tarrh Tablets. It is remarkable how ef
fectually they remove the excessive se
cretion and bring about a healthy condi
tion of the mucous membranes of the
nose, throat and stomach.
All druggists sell complete treatment of
the Tablets at 50 cents and a little book
giving the symptoms and causes of the
various forms of catarrh, will be mailed
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shall, Mich.
Not a Freak But a Tremendous Force.
BY BISHOP WARREN A. CANDLER.
IN my last communication to The i
Journal allusion was made to the
possible value to the nation of Mr.
Andrew Carnegie’s proposed univer
sity at Washington City. It was sug
gested that by reason of its character
and location it would tend to the uni
fying of the various peoples incorpo
rated in this great republic.
Let me recur .to the subject again,
and in the outset of these reflections
let me say. that -the best way to pre
serve the union is not by fqrging leg
islative bands and with them binding
the sections together; but it is rather
by fusing the people of all sections, to
gether in a homogeneous mass by
mental and moral processes of
unification. When the mere mechani
cal union is stronger than the vital
unity of the people there is necessarily
present a measure 'of suppression that
may easily become oppression. The
difference between the strength of the v
governmental union and the strength
of national unity is always the exact
measure of a perilous strain upon the
structure of the republic.
As therefore national territory is ex
tended. and as the things which make
for a diversity of opinion and interests
among the people are multiplied, uni
fying influences must be proportion
ately increased, and intensified, or else
the centrifugal forces of our federal
system will presently so far exceed
the centripetal as to unbalance and
endanger that most skillfully construc
ted machinery which the wisdom and
patriotism of the fathers devised. To
forefend against so’great am. lament
able a disaster no effort to centralize
the government will avail.
The remedy is to be found not in the
centralization of the government but
in the unification of the people. The
friends of centralization are, and al
ways have been, the worst enemies of
the federal union. If the convention
which framed the federal constitution
had followed their counsel we should
rever have had the union of the states,
and in every succeeding crisis of our
national history fhelr advice has tend
ed always towards strife, disunion
and revolution. They were never more
active and more dangerous than now,
and as an offset to the perils which
they produce, the country needs every
possible instrument that can promote
the unification of all the people of all
the sections.
Believing that Mr. Carnegie’s pro
posed university will do much in fur
therance of speh' unification, it seems
to me that he well deserves the admir
ation of all thoughtful patriots. That
- we may appreciate its possibilities in
the direction indicated, let us revert
to some Educational history in the Old
World.
When Spain wished to consolidate
the Netherlands she founded the Uni
versity of Dounay in 1572.
When Germany, after the battle of
Jena,wished to recover from the effects
of her political and military bruises
she commenced by founding the Uni
versity of Berlin, in 1810. Os its future,
while it was yet little more than a
bare proposal, Schlelermacher said:
"When that scientific organization is
founded it will have no equal; thanks
to its interior force it will exercise its
beneficent rule to the borders of the
Prussian monarchy. Berlin vfall be
come the center of the entire intellec
tual activity of northern and Protes
tant Germany, and a solid foundation
will be prepared for the accomplish
ment of the mission assigned ,to the
Prussian government.”
The institution has in its results ex
ceeded ’the predictions of Schleler
macher. It has promoted German unity
and has made its influence felt far
beyond the bounds of the empire.
After the Franco-Prussian war. In
order to confirm the victory of Sedan,
the University of Strasbourg was en
tirely reconstructed.
In the light of these examples I dare
affirm that such an institution as Mr.
Carnegie proposes to establish at the
national capital cannot fail to operate
mightily for national unity. Being
different from and supplemental to all
the 'other colleges and universities of
the country, it will draw from every
section the noblest minds. They will
come to krfow each other as otherwise
they could not, and through the per
sonal acquaintance of these ablest
men in the land there will come to
pass a better understanding between
the sections represented by them.
General Washington, who was de
voted to the idea of a national univer
city, clearly perceived its value in this
direction. In his eighth annual mes
sage, delivered on December 7, 1796, he
said: “Among the motives to such an
institution the assimilation of the
principles, opinions and manners of
our countrymen, by the common edu
cation of a portion of our youth from
every quarter, will deserve attention.
The more homogeneous our citizens
can be made in these particulars the
greater will be our prospect of perma
nent union.”
From Washington’s time until the
present the proposal for a national
university has been up periodically for
discussion. It has commonly been
pressed’ as an object for a congres
sional appropriation.
With that idea I have no sympathy.
NOTHING IN MONEY,
SAYS MR. CARNEGIE
Andrew Carnegie told railroad men last
night how he ran trains in his early
cracked jokes at the expense of high offi
cials/ of the New York Central and Penn
sylvania companies and predicted ex
press trains with a speed of 100 miles an
hour in the near future.
“Old railroad men don’t call me Mr. Car
negie,” said he; “they call me ‘Andy.’ ”
In a few minutes the speaker had made
cverv one piresent at the anniversary of
the Railroad Branch of the Young Men’s
Christian association think of him not as
a man ofAast enterprise and great wealth,
but as o» of themselves.
"That is not Mr. sitting here on
the platform,” said Mr. Carnegie, indi
cating James D. I,ayng. vice president of
the Big Four. "That is ‘Jim,’ and that, ’
pointing to Robert Pitcalm, general su
perintendent of the terminals of the Penn
sylvania railroad at Pittsburg, "is ‘Bob.’ ”
He paid his compliments to Mr. Edward
V. W. Rossiter, vice president of the New
York Central, who was presiding, then,
having put his hearers at ease, told how
he began life. .
“I am a railroad man. said Mr. Car
negie, "one of yourselves. I began my ca
reer on a little branch road running out
of Pittsburg. It is now a part of the
Pennsylvania system, but in those days
the Pennsylvania road did not run as far
west as Pittsburg. 1 began as a boy and
worked up so high that I was superintend
ent of the Pittsburg division.
Likes to Be Called “Andy.”
"We didn’t have things in those days in
quite as good shape as they are now. In
those days it was not ‘Mr. Pitcairn,' it
was ‘Bob,’ and everybody called Mr.
Layng ‘Jim.’ When I go to Pittsburg some
of the old railroad men ln»the yards come
up to me and say. ‘How are you, Andy?’
When they do that I feel like saying,
‘Here’s my pocketbook.’ ”
Mr. Carnegie illustrated this by pulling
out his purse and holding it in his out
stretched hand.
“It was some time ago that I entered
the service of the Pennsylvania railroad.
I have seen many changes, and hope to
see many more, for I'm a young man yet.
I believe that such an appropriation
would be both unconstitutional and
unwise.
Thfe proposition to include among
the constitutional powers of the fed
eral congress the authority "to estab
lish a university” was voted down in
the constitutional convention Septem
ber 14, 1787. although the motion was
made by Mr. Madison and Mr. Pick
ering, and although it was known that
General Washington favored it. The
members from Massachuset.s, New
Hampshire, New York, New Jersey,
Delaware. Maryland and Georgia voted
against it.
Our Georgia members, with their
concurring colleagues were right. A
great -university is a thing which poli
ticians such as generally compose the
federal congress can not be safely
trusted to found or to manage. It
would become in such hands too great
an engine of partisan politics, just as
Oxford university in England has been
time out of mind the tool of the Brit
ish Tories. There is not in the Uni
ted States, even a state university
above fifty years old, that has not
suiiered much at the hands of the
political doctors, and been nothing
better but rather the worse for their
treatment. In states where political
parties are about equally divided such
institutions stand in jeopardy every
hour. The university of Georgia was
nearly killed through the struggles of
rival factions in the decade between
1830-1840. A few years ago the univer
sity of Michigan was rocked to its
very foundations by party politics.
We want no national university on
any such unsteady base. Thus believ
ing, some years ago I wrote United
States Senator Walthall, of Mississip
pi, in response to an inquiry from him,
a very positive expression against a
national university if it were to be es
tablished and maintaineu by the fed
eral government.
Writing on February 22. 1896 —(Wash
ington’s birthday)—without the fear of
"the father of our country” before my
eyes.-but in the fear of God. I said;
"I am emphatically opposed to a na
tional university by the general gov
ernment. (1.) Because it is an uncon
stitutional institution. (1) It is an un
necessary institution. (3.) It would be
a most vicious institution, educational
ly and politically.”
All this I do yet steadfastly believe.
But Mr. Carnegie’s institution, if kept
separate from the patronage and pol
itics of the federal government, will •
be quite a different thing, tn addition
to the important uses which it will
serve as already pointed out. it wpi,
if kept apart from dependence upon
and responsibility to the congress,
serve the further purpose of keeping
always at the national capital a body
of wise, scholarly and patriotic men
who must inevitably influence the na
tional government for good. They will
contribute to the creation of a better
atmosphere there. Their Exemption
from the heat and fury of partisanship
will temper both legislation and ad
ministration.
Mr. Carnegie is building more wisely,
perhaps, than even he knows—espe
cially if he safeguards the university
against the touch and the taint of pol
itics and' politicians.
Let me say in conclusion that no
man now living on the planet is taking
a more direct course to lasting renown
than Andrew Carnegie. His libraries
dot both North America and the
British Isles.
Suppose, as some curious, specula
tive minds have more than once sug
gested. that the present day civiliza
tion should be overwhelmed by some
great disaster and that our habitations
and public buildings should in some
distant age become the object of anti
quarian research, as the imposing
structures of ancient Egypt and As
syria now interest us. What would
these archeologists of the future think
of this man after exhuming Carnegie
libraries distributed over two hemi
spheres? Viewing him for a moment
from such a standpoint may help us of
the present to measure justly what this
most original genius and generous
giver is doing. The archeologists of
our times have not yet found any re
mains that go to show that any such
library builder ever lived in any other
age. History since it began to be con
tinuous records none such, and he is
without a mate among his contem
poraries.
When from his worth and work ev
ery subtraction is made that is justly
demanded by whatsoever faults and
limitations he may possess, there still
remains an epoch making man. He is
all alone creating an era in the history
of libraries for the masses, if Indeed
we may not say his gifts mark an
epoch in the history of popular en
lightenment.
He is not a freak to be laughed at,
but a tremendous force to be reckoned
with. He startled the sleepy univer
sity world of Scotland and waked it
up to knew life. He now sets all
America to thinking about his great
Institution at Washington. He is strati
fying the civilisation of the English
speaking world with a Carnegie layer
of thought producing enterprises.
Note premium list In this Issue,
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My hair was not this color then, and I was
somewhat different. Some of the men who
knew me said I was a 'husky' lad. I saw
the’ first locomotive taken into Pittsburg
by boat, for the railroad was not built
through then. The rails we used were 14
feet long, cast iron. Imported from Eng
land. They were laid on stone blocks, as
we hadn’t learned that wood made better
ties. We had single tracks and no tele
graphs. We ran trains around curves by
sending a man ahead on foot. Sometimes
trains came together with more force than
we desired.
“It '.s hard to teach railroad men that
two trains cannot pass on a single track.
"I Intend to ask Marconi to take up this
problem of how to make trains x>ass on
the same track. He did me the honor to
lunch with me today and when he gets
the continents united by air telegraph
I shall get him to help us out.
"When I was seventeen years old I
helped establish the first telegraph line
that ran out of Pittsburg. Mr. Scott, who
was in charge, offered me a position,
which I accepted. It paid me $35 a month
and you may talk about your X-rays,
that was the best X raise I ever had.
I used to put in my spare time t.anxing
what Mr. Scott could do with the munifi
cent salary of >125 a month which he re
ceived.”
Mr. Carnegie’s nearers laughed at this,
but he went on seriously.
Wealth Has Limitations.
“Let me tell you, right from my heart,
there is nothing in money beyond a com
petence. Cate and trouble come with
wealth. Many articles have been written
to show the advantages of wealth, but I
can tell you the only advantage of wealth
beyond a competence is what it enables
one to do for others.
"Let me congratulate you on the condi
tion of labor in this great republic. Every
honest man who desires work can obtain
it, and at wages sufficient to enable him
to lay aside enough for a compentence in
his old age.
"That is, if he has a good wife to help
him save it. There is nothing etse so
Important as a good managing wife. She
BAD BLOOD,
BAD COMPLEXION
The skin is the seat of an almost end
less variety of diseases. They are known
by various names, but are all due to the
same cause, acid add other poisons in
the blood that irritate and interfere with
the proper action of the skin.
To have a smooth, soft skin, free from
all eruptions, the blood must be kept pure
and healthy. The many preparations of
arsenic and potash and the large number
of face powders and lotions generally
used in this class of diseases cover up
for a short time, but cannot remove per
manently the ugly blotches and the red,
disfiguring pimples.
Eternal vigilance is the price
of a beautiful complexion
when such remedies are relied on.
Mr. H. T. Shobe, 2704 Lucas Avenue, St. Louis,
Mo., says: "My daughter was afflicted for years
with a disfiguring eruption ou her face, which
resisted all treatment. She was taken to two
celebrated health springs, but received no bene
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out result, uutil we decided to try S. S. S., and bv
the time the first bottle wasfinisnedtheeruntion
began to disappear. A dozen bottles cured her
completely and left her skin perfectly smooch.
She is now seventeen years old. and not a sign of
the embarrassing disease has ever returned.”
S. S. S. is a positive, unfailing cure for
the Worst forms of skin troubles. It is
the greatest of all blood purifiers, and the
only one guaranteed purely vegetable.
Bad blood makes bad complexions.
zfih dflfe purifies and invigo-
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makes new, rich blood
k. L- that nourishes the
body and keeps the
skin active and healthy and in proper '
condition to perform its part towards
carrying off the impurities from the body.
If you have Eczema, Tetter, Acne, Salt
Rheum, Psoriasis, or your skin is rough
and pimply, send for our book on Blood
and Skin Diseases and write our physi
cians about your case. No charge whit' --
ever for this service.
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Is the greatest aid to saving and getting
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“I often look back on what a fool of a
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days and nights op the road. I used to
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sticks to me to this day. '
“The best way to judge a man is by his
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ents and managers' are always gauging
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A man only does well what he does easily.
If you have a load on your mind all the
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The best advice I can give you young men
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"We did not have very fast trains when
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lightning express! Your Empire State ex
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“I know of a certain railroad that is
spending a million dollars to straighten a
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curve.
"The line that does the best for its men
does the best for the owners.
“Railroad men are the most sober, most
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Let alcoholic beverages alone, at least
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With no thought of receiving.
Love is to trust— ’ ’ ' '
Without quite believing.
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