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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 10, 1913. 5 agricultural %s Education ■—-a, Successful Farming i $ Andrew &oulc This department wilt cheerfully etideavot to jurnish any imormalion. t.clters should be addressed to Vr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College. Athens, Ga. WINTER TRUCK CARDEN -TO REOPENED IN ICON WOT TOE SOIL SHOULD BE Bibb County Agricultural in stitute Will Make Experi ment in Vegetables INFULENCE .OF LIME ON THE PRODUCTION OF CORN Much interest has been manifested in recent years in the influence which lime might be expected to exert on the growth of corn when applied to the various soil types found in the south eastern states. This question seemed to be of so much importance that a se ries of tests were inaugurated in the demonstration field of the State College of Agriculture at Athens, Ga., and the results obtained in 1912 are incorporat ed in this paper for the information of the farmer. These tests were car ried out in duplicate and the figures presented represent the averages of the results obtained. No fertilizer and no lime were applied to check plats. On the next series 2,000 pounds of caustic lime were applied; on the third series, 400 pounds of floats; on the fourth se ries, 400 pounds Of floats and 2,000 pounds of caustic lime; on the fifth se ries, 400 pounds of acid phosphate; and on the sixth series, 400 pounds of acid phosphate and 2,000 pounds of lime. It will thus be seen that the test was designed to show the effect of ap plying lime, floats and acid phosphate alone, and in condonations. The lime was all applied in the fall of the year after the ground had been broken to a good depth, say ten to twelve inches, with a two-horse turning plow. The lime was applied' broadcast in a finely powdered condition and was left ex posed on top of the ground during the late fall of 1911 and the winter of 1912. The floats and acid phosphate were ap plied at the time the corn was planted. It should be remembered that this land was of the red clay type found so wide ly distributed throughout the Piedmont region. Five years ago it was in a very bad physical condition, having been mis managed and farmed without rotation or systematized effort towards building it up. It has been improved by deep plowing, by the plowing under of cow- peas, and the institution of a crop ro tation. It is important to bear these facts in mind, for the average farmer will no doubt conclude that the yield obtained on the “no fertilizer” plats was so much above the average of the state thaj the land must haye been made un usually rich by some special treatment. As a matter of fact, the fine showing made by the no-fertilizer plats is at tributable to the methods of manage ment followed, and should impress the average farmer with the necessity of plowing his land deeply, using a variety of crops which will tend to supplement each other and thus build up the soil, and turning under an abundance of veg etable matter in the form of legumes for the purpose of adding humus and nitrogen and improving the mechanical condition of the land. The one thing which it seems impossible to impress as graphically' as is desirable upon our farmers is the fact that the building up of their lands is not as difficult a problem as th6y believe it to be, and they will make greater progress to r wards this end if they will follow the suggestions made in this paper, and then apply the necessary supplemental fertilizer rather than to depend on the application of fertilizers and neglect the RED CROSS ^Dynamite '''V DOUBLES YIELDS OF \ Corn and COTTON S ubsoiling with Red Cross Dynamite gives you six feet of top soil instead of six inches. It aerates the soil, protects vegetation against both drouth and excessive rainfall, and repays its cost in largely increased yields and saving of fertilizer. The use of Red Cross Dyna- inite last year for subsoiling I corn and cotton fields re sulted in record-break ing crops, proving that it pays. BOOKLET FREE < To learn how progres sive farmers are using dynamite for removing stumps and boulders, planting and cultivating fruit trees, regenerating barren soil, ditching, draining', excavatingand road malting, ask for Farmers* Handbook 1 No 386 Addresses of Expert Blasters Supplied Dn Pont Powder Co. Wilmington, Delaware improvement of the physical condition of the land, as is often the case. The average yield obtained on the no fertilizer plats was forty-three bushels of corn per acre, or more than 2 1-2 times the average yield obtained in the state. This result can be duplicated on much land of the same type if bains are taken to prepare the soil properly and to change its physical condition by the addition of vegetable matter de rived from leguminous crops. On the next series of plats to which 2,000 pounds of caustic lime were ap plied, the average yield of corn was 53.47 bushels. From this it would ap pear that the use of a ton of lime in creased the yield of corn per acre by approximately ten bushels. It will cost the average farmer to apply a ton of caustic lime from $5 to $7.50. One might conclude that the profit from the use of the lime was not very great on that account, but it should be borne in mind that the lime will exert an ef fect ip the soil for from three to five years. As these tests have only been in progress one year, it is impossible to say just what increased yield from the use of lime may be anticipated as the result of a five years’ test. Addi tional data will be obtained along this line from year to year, and as fast as it becomes available it will be given to the farmers for their information and guidance. In this connection it is proper to say that we would now advise the use of the finely ground raw rock. It is easier to obtain and handle than the caustic lime and is not so difficult to apply. It should only cost about half as much per ton as the caustic lime, and while it would be better to apply two tons per acre since it appears to have only half the sweetening and acid-correcting power of the caustic lime, still I am in clined to think <that our farmers will obtain a substantial benefit from the use of one ton of the finely ground rock. It; seems that our soils are quite defi cient in lime from the analyses which have been made up to this time. They are also quite markedly acid in many instances. This condition can only be corrected by liming, and the best results from the use of fertilizers and in the growth of crops will not follow on these lands until the -acid condition is over come through the application of lime. In the purchase of the raw ground rock, it is important to remember that none of the articles should be larger than a small grain of wheat. On the other hand, it is undesirable to have the lime ground extremely fine as this some times tend to make it c^ke and its action in the soil is not so pronounced as where it is not ground quite so fine. On the plats to which 400 pounds of floats and no lime were applied, the average yield of corn was 4*7.43 bushels per acre. "Where .floats and lime were applied the yield became 61.76 bush els. The increase due to the lime in this instance was 4.33 bushels. On the series of plats to which 400 pounds of acid .phosphate were applied the aver age yield of corn was 45 bushels per acre. When acid phosphate and lime were used together, the yield became 59.07 bushels. The increase due to the lime in this instance was 14 bushels per acre. To summarize, it appears from these results that llm e proved efficient when applied either singly or in combination in increasing the yield of corn per acre. The use of floats or acid phosphate by themselves did not effect a large in crease over no fertilizer. It should be borne in mind, however, that the land used for these tests had been prepared more carefully than* the average land in Georgia and that these constituents would probably have given a larger re lative yield on ordinary farm land then they did in this instance. It appears that where the floats and lime or acid phosphate and lime were used together that a considerable increase wais ob tained. From one point of view this increase was no doubt attributable largely to the lime, but the increase shown with lime and acid phosphate would indicate that the use of the available phosphoric acid was quite beneficial to the corn crop. Whole it is too early to state just which combi nation is likely to prove most effec tive, it is probable that on lands low in vegetable matter and not well sup plied with phosphorus, that the farmer will secure a better return from the use of acid phosphate than from floats alone. The plats In this test were all much better supplied with vegetable matter than ordinary farm land and this no doubt accounts in some measure for the showing made by the floats. It is important to remember in this con nection that 400 pounds of floats or acid phosphate represented only one-fifth by weight of the amount of lime applied. • • • GROWING TWO BALES PER ACRE. J. H. W., Gadsden, Ala., writes: I have eight acres of gray sandy land with a deep red clay subsoil that is in a high state of cultivation, and I wish to make two bales of cotton per acre next year. Will you advise me how much fertilizer and what kind to use and what variety of big boll cotton to plant. The land was in oats this year followed with peas and has been turned with a two-horse plow and subsoiled to an fOOpoantfff of an ordinary Fertilizer (tcitiuf 2-8-2) FILLER 28LBS NITRATE OF SODA 12 LBS ACID PHOSPHATE •66 LBS TWBKffTgy? Both of these are bailed “complete** fertilizers* but they are very different. Well-balanced Fertilizer (tearing 2-8-10) ■ , I inmii FILLER, l&LBS NITRATE OF SODA j 12 LBS ACID PHOSPHATE^ 66 LBS, If\you prefer ready-mixed fer- tilizer|s, insist on having enough Potash in them to raise the crop 2lli I - - - - TMUBJATE OF POTASH SO LBS as well as to raise the price. Crops contain more than three- times as much Potash as phosphoric acid. It was found years ago that the com position oi the crop is not a sure guide to the most profitable fertilizer, but it does not Rake a very smart man to figure out that a well-balanced fertilizer shoald contain at least at much Potash as Phosphoric Acid. Insist on having it so. If you do not find the brand you wfmt, make one by adding enough Potash to make it right. To increase the Potash 4 per cent, (for cotton and grain), add one bag Muriate of Potash per ton of fertilizer; to increase it 9 per cent, (truck, potatoes, tobacco, corn, etc.), add two bags Sulphate or Muriate per ton. Talk to your dealer and ask him to carry Potash in p n 4 ac U p a .. c stock or order it for you. Pt will pay you both, for * OtaSIl i ayS For particulars and prices write to GERMAN KALI WORKS* Inc.* 42 Broadway* New York MoBadioek Block. Chicago, III. Bank & Trust Bldg., Savannah, 6a, Whitney Bank Bldg* New Orleans, & j Empire Bldg., Atlanta, 6a. (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) MACON, Ga., Jan. 18.—The members of the Bibb county, agriculture institute are making arrangements to have a midwinter truck garden in Macon next winter. It was demonstrated at the last meeting: of the society that many of the vegetables grown in Florida and other warm climate® can be cultivated in Macon. So well do the members of the insti tute believe that many different vege tables can be cultivated here through the winter that they have decided to have a regular garden as an experi ment. A prize list will also be offered to the public for the best vegetables grown in the winter. The offering of prizes will stimulate much interest among the truckers around Macon, who will doubt less learn that .Macon can grow a large per cent of her edibles regardless of the winter season. average depth of twelve inches last week. It is not an easy matter to make two bales of cotton per acre even on well prepared land. The season will influ ence th© yield, as you know, quite ma terially. It is also very important to select a good type of cotton. Probably there is some one in your vicinity who has given special care and attention to the selection of a big boiled type which is comparatively free from dis ease and fcharacterlized by the large yields obtaihed from it. "VVe can recom mend for your consideration Cleveland, Russell, Triumph, Culpepper and Uncle Sam. To secure the best results with cotton you should put yourself in posi tion to apply from three to five tons of yard manure under the drill row at the time of planting, as we take it that this land is not well supplied with veg etable matter even though the land was devoted to cowpeas last year. You should remember that in cutting off the peas for hay you leave a comparatively small amount of nitrogen in the soil and do not increase the organic matter to any considerable extent. Especially is this true if the land has been given clean cultivation for a long series of years. The use of yard manure* under the drill row will do more to insure your making a good yield than any other suggestion we can offer. We would ad vise that you apply to the land /where you hope to raise at least two bales of cotton per. acre from 800 to 1,000 pounds of ^-commercial fertilizer. Use about a 10-3-4 on clay land. In our experience we have found it best to mix th© commercial fertilizer with the ma nure in the open furrow. This may be done with a bull tongue and the mixing should be done thoroughly. We have not used side applications nor nitrate of soda, and even this year were able to produce two bales of cotton per acre in our demonstration field by following the methods suggested. * * * W. W., Kennesaw, Ga., writes: I receive much benefit from reading the agricultural columns of The Journal, and come to you again for some ad vice. I have forest leaves and pine straw, more than I can use. In some places the leaf 'mold is knee deep. I would like explicit directions for using them in a compost heap with lime, with ashes, with acid phos phate and with concentrated lye. Please state which will make the best compost. It is a pleasure to know that th© columns of The Journal have been serviceable to you, for it is the pol icy of this paper to endeavor to sup ply • its farmer readers with definite and accurate information concerning all phases of agricultural practice. Spe cial attention has been given, as you know, to supplying farmers with ref erence to the use of fertilizers. One who has an abundance of forest leaves, pine straw and leaf mold at his command is fortunately situated. Personally, we would prefer to use this under the drill row at the time of planting, either corn or cotton or both. If you have plowed your lahd, so much the better; if not, break it at once. Then lay it off in rows from three and a half to four and a half feet wide, depending on its natural fertility. Open up wide deep furrows and fill with litter and leaf mold. Mix this well with the subsoil by means of a bull tongue. Then apply from 300 to 500 pounds of fertilizer at the time of planting the crop. The formula will depend a good deal on the nature of the land. On red clay land us© about 8 3-3 or 4; on sandy land in crease this to 9-3 or 3.5-4 or 6. The larger amounts are probably best used under corn and the smaller amounts un der cotton. A side application of 200 pounds per acre will often be found advisable as well. It would not be good policy to use lime or acid or concentrated lye on your leaf mold, provided you attempt to prepare a compost therefrom. You could mix, say 1,500 pounds of leaf mold with 300 pounds of acid phosphate, 100 pounds of muriate of potash and 100 pounds of cotton seed and make a fair com post, but we do not think you would secure any better results from the la bor and effort required In this connec tion than by the method we have sug gested. * * * FERTILIZER FORMULAS FOR COT TON AND CORN. R. A. IC., Clarkesville, Ga,, writes: I want a cheap formula for cotton and one for corn. I want to mix my own fertilizer. Would be glad for any in formation you can give me. This Removes the Salts Which Injure the Plant and Pre vent the Best Crop There are three services that drainage does for the tillens of the soil. The first and probably the most fundamental necessity of soil drainage i*s the removal of the more soluble salts, which, when collected and preserved in sufficiently large quantities, cause what w© call "alkali soils.” These soluble salts are formed by the decomposition of both vegetable and animal substances, and when they form in the soil in too strong a solution plants find difficulty in grow ing. So long as there is sufficient leaching of the soil to hold the soluble salts down to small percentages, so that neither plasmolytic nor toxic ef fects result, then the first imperative for soil drainag© is met. The second Imperative demand for soil drainage is to prevent a stagnation of the soil water. In othef words, this means to prevent the exhaustion of the oxygen from the air In the soil water and in places not occupied by water, because of the fact that an abundance of free oxygen in the soil Is absolutely necessary to sustain plant life. It has been repeatedly proven that thorough soil drainage brings about this desired result. The third demand for drainage is to chang© the physical nature of the soil. Drainage will render the soil suffi ciently firm and solid to permit the field or road to be moved over without dif ficulty or inconvenience. The reason that a wet soil gets “sloppy” and is not capable of sustaining weights of any considerable quantities, is because of the fact that the spaces between the soil grains are completely filled with water, and when we see a state of affairs like this we do not find the surface tension. And when the soil particles are envel oped, in a film of water (in excess) there is only a slight friction to bind the soil grains together, and hence they move over and upon each other so freely as to be unable to sustain much weight, and as a consequence the horse and wag on sinks down into the soil, and some times gets “stuck.” If we take the case of sand lands, however, we find a very difficult state of affairs. One is impressed with the hardness of th© sands near the sea shore, while a few feet higher up on the land the sand is yielding and has a tendency to float or drift. The pres ence or the absence of the water, as the case may be, makes the nature of the soil what it is. When the water in the sand is lost either by drainage or by evaporation, the sand becomes plia ble and yielding. Clayey soils are somewhat similar to sand in this re spect. When a soil of a clay texture gets thoroughly soaked with water the soil particles or grains run together, and upon drying they are cemented to gether very firmly. Here the soil par ticles of the clay as large as those of the sand this cementation would not take jjlace and we would not find the hard, compact body of soil. All soils need oxygen in abundance, potash. Use in the same amounts as suggested for corn. * * * 'UNUSUAL CLAIMS FOR VARIETY OF CORN. • J. L. D., Talbotton, Ga., writes: I am offered some corn which is claimed to contain more protein than a*ny other variety in the south or the state. I would like to plant some of it but it costs $4.00 per bushel, which I think is pretty steep. Do you think an ordinary farmer can afford to pay such a price for corn to plant on ordinary Georgia upland? A very good formula to use on corn in your section of the state may be prepared by mixing together 900 pounds of acid phosphate containing 16 per cent of available phosphoric acid, 1,000 pounds of cotton seed meal containing 7 per cent of nitrogen, 2 per cent of potash and 2 per cent of phosphoric acid and 100 pounds of muriate of potash containing 50 per cent of available potash. This mixture will analyze ap proximately 8.2 per cent of available phosphoric acid, 3.5 per cent of nitro gen and 3.5 per cent of potash. Use at least 300 pounds under the drill row and 200 pounds as a side appli cation. Some nitrate of soda may be advisable as a top dressing on the corn. This will be determined by the per cent of organic matter in the soil and whether you are in position to use yard manure or not. One hundred pounds of nitrate of soda is ordinarily about the right amount to apply as a top dressing to corn. This formula will answer very well for cotton, but it is possibly a little higher in nitrogen and potash than need be. You may pre pare another formula if you desire, therefore, for use under cotton. In this instance mix together 1,000 pounds of acid phosphate, 400 pounds of dried blood containing 13 per cent of nitro gen, 100 pounds of muriate of potash and 380 pounds of dry earth. This formula will analyze approximately 8 per cent of available phosphoric acid, 3 per cent of nitrogen and 4 per cent of The corn to which reference is made has not been tested on the College farm nor in our laboratories. Therefore, it is imposssible to pass an opinion on its chemical composition. Of course, there is considerable variation in the protein content of corn, depending somewhat on soil and seasonal conditions and on the degree of skill with which the particular variety has been selected for the pur pose of increasing the protein content. We are inclined to think that one should be very careful about making unusual claims for a variety of corn or cotton until it has beert thoroughly established that the strains will breed true to type and will show the characteristic claim ed for it,under varying conditions. We know that when corn is transferred from one section of the country to an other that its qualities are sometimes affected. In our judgment the average farmer will find it best to take a well- selected type of corn * which has been produced in his locality for a series of years and has demonstrated its ability to yield well under local conuditions. We have tested quite a number of pro lific corns on the college farm, and they have made better yields than the large eared sorts. Of course, they were grown on uplands. We think the large eared sorts will give the best yields on river bottoms or unusually rich uplands. For cultivation on ordinary upland, we are inclined to think the prolific varieties will give the best results, and they will compare favorably in analysis with the average of the corn produced throughout the state. CALIFORNIANS WOULD STOP JAPS BUYING LAND Legislature Will Decide Such a Law Shall Be Enacted If (By Associated Press.) SACRAMENTO, Cal., Jan. 8.—Demo cratic members of the legislature will decide in caucus the question of at tempting to enact at this session an alien law designed to prevent Japanese from acquiring land in California. After a conference lasting until a late hour last night,- an adjournment was taken without a settlement of the of the Panama Prclflc exposition in San Francisco. It was decided to re sume the discussion in a formal caucus to be called later. President C. C. Moore, of th© exposi tion, offered a proposal to the effect that the alien land law question be put to a vote in any single legislative dis trict In the state, both its pro-oppo nents and opponents to abide by the de cision of the voters. He asserted that the "Japanese menace” had been exag gerated and that less than 20,000 acres of land in California was owned by sub* jects of the island empire. It is understood that nearly a score of bills relating to Japanese immigra tion and regulation are In course of preparation by many legislators. STEAMER DISAPPEARS BEFORE AID REACHES IT SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 7.—Advices to the chamber of commerce here from As toria say the Rosecrans had disappear ed when tugs and life savers went out to the rescue. 7 WHY PAY THE DEALER’S BIS PROFIT When You Can Buy Direct From Our Factory And Save From SI 5.00 to $40.00 For eight years we have been manufacturing the famous Golden Eagle Buggies. Surreya. Phaetons. Carts, etc., and selling DIRECT FROM FACTORY TO CONSUMER at a cash saving of from $15.00 to $40.00 on each outfit. We hava re cently added the genuine A- WRITE <0 f 125 FOR ^ Styles CATALOG in NOW Catalog grade White Star vehicles to out line at factory prices. 60,000 SATISFIED CUSTOMERS will tell you that Golden Eagle and White Star vehi cles are the best at any price and always give perfect and permanent satisfaction. Thousand* used everywhere in the south and west. Everything explained in oui big free catalog. Write for It now—a postal will do. GOLDEN EAGLE BUGGY CO. w*t-42 -i.eanu jit., Atlanta. Ga. well, that they are drained by natural percolation and underflow of ground water. But w© find it is sometimes necessary to employ artificial methods of removing any unnecessary water that we may have on or in the soil. These cases may be classed under the follow ing heads: First, comparatively flat lands or basins upon which the surface water from higher lands collects; sec ond, lands bordering higher lands, whose structure is such as to permit the ground water of the adjacent re gions to rise from beneath, thus keeping the soil too wet; third, lands regularly inundated by rising waters, or lands that would be if not shut off by dikes; fourth, lands that are underlaid by a stiff layer of clay, which does not allow percolation of the surface water, and, fifth, those lands to which water is supplied by excessive irrigation (rice fields, etc.) It may be also necessary to introduce drainage upon some lands to remove or aid the removal of salts, alkalis, etc.—Texas Farm and Fireside. and a water-logged soil can not hold within itself this necessity for plant growth. An abundance of free oxygen must b© on hand in the soil. The germ inating seeds must have it, the roots must have it, the soil bacteria must have it, and it must be there to prevent stagnation of the soil. There are also certain little germs that have the power of breaking down nitrates and even or ganic matter, and these must have oxy gen to accomplish their t^sk. The chemical changes which are necessary for the growth of the plants must have oxygen in order to, take place. We need good drainage so that the air may, enter the soil in proper amounts. To the average farmer would come a question as to what drainage does for the soil. Besides doing all of the above, it warms up a soil. Drainage also in creases the available supply of soil moisture. We all know that a damp cloth will remove more water from a floor than will a dry one, so it is with the soil. When the land is well drained and allowed to be in a moist condition instead of actually water-soaked, water rises in them by capillarity much faster than it does in dry soils. It is, there fore, a matter of great importance to keep the surface soil, below the soil mulch, as damp as the best conditions for growth will permit. It must be kept in mind that every soil needs drainage, but it is fortunate, for some lands, and their owners as Latest, ftp-to-date style, twin auto seat, top removable to convert into a runabout, genuine leather upholstery, finely trimmed and finished, best of material and construction—retails for $100.00. Guaranteed 3 Years— L 2£t n 2o BUGGIES $29.50 UP. We cut out the middlemen's profits on all Century Vehicles and save you $25.00 to $45.00 on a bnggy; $35.00 to $60.00 on a "wagon; $45.00 to $100.00 <on a surrey. Sold for cash or on easwmonthly payments—we trust honest people the world oyer. Shipped on approval—Guaranteed to please or your money back. Write today lor Free Catalog. Also Ask for our Catalog of Fine Harness at wholesale prices. Get our Freight Paid Prices. Reference—Southern Illinois National Bank. CENTURY MFG. 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EARLIEST BOLL BIG WONDER COTTON as SHOWN IN PHOTO GET SAMPLE BAG 1 wantyou toseelife-Ate pho tos of bolls and limbs, and also see what farmers and offi cials, who tested this cotton in 1912 have to say. You will open your eyes wide I But you •can’t doubt, for the proof is there: Sample bag, freight paid for 90c an acre. Write post card f o r fu Pparticulars of WONDER COTTON T. J. KING, Richmond. V». Costs little—make big money. Simplest, fastest, lightest running IT’S ALL IN THE TAYLOR FEED Every mill fitted with wire cable drive, set-out attach ments aad adjustable idler. Improved carriage backing device is quick acting and a time saver. Made in all sizes, portable and stationary. We manufacture engines, boilers, shingle machines, oat-off jaws, wood splitters, etc., and do foundry work. Write fee irfees now. lullary & Tiylir Iroi Works. Dept IS Mocoa, Is. >.50 — 63 EGGS WE PAY FREIGHT Greatest Bargain Ever Offered. Catalog FREE. PETALUMA INCUBATOR CO.. Box 3r.3 Petaluma, Calif. 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