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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA„ TUESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1913.
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL
ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST.
Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of
the Second Class.
JAMSS R. GftAY,
President and Editor.
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Atlanta, Ga,
Turning Agricultural
Knowledge to Account.
It has been truly said that if half the knowledge
gained through the researches of the Federal De
partment- of Agriculture, the various State colleges
o" agriculture and the experiment stations were put
•vorkmanly use, the methods of American farm
ing would be revolutionized in less than a decade
and the productive wealth of the soil would be more
than doubled. The vital and urgent problem, there
fore, Is to place these vast stores of knbwledge di
rectly within-the reach of the men on the farm.
This can best be done through a thoroughgoing
system of educational extension work whereby the
truths that now are available only to a limited num
ber of students and to favored localities may he car
ried to the rank and file of those actually between
the ploughshare and to the homes of every rural
community.
A bill to this effect, which was introduced by Sen
ator Smith of Georgia, is now before the Senate.
There are cheering indications that it will soon be
come a law. It has already passed the House; it
has the hearty indorsement of leading educators and
associations throughout the Union and the support
of all interests that appreciate the essential bearing
of agriculture upon every sphere of economic en
deavor.
national government and the
individual States have devoted much time, and m v oney
to the discovery of new facts and principles in the
divers branches of farming. In agricultural col-
deges and experiment stations, Congress has spent
some seventy million dollars and it is now spending
nearly four million dollars annually for the same
purpose. This fund is increased eleven million dol
lars a year by appropriations from the States and
from allied sources; and for the twelvemonth which
ended June the thirtieth, 1912, Congress allotted fif
teen million dollars to the exclusively agricultural
work of the Department, of Agriculture.
This great sum has been-wisely invested; hut the
important fact is that by far its larger portion is
applied to matter^ of research and experimentation;
and it is needed for just such activities. Unless,
however, means are provided for carrying the infor
mation thus acquired directly to the farm, these
million^ of money cannot yield due results. Knowl
edge is capital but the nation cannot afford to let
this splendid stock of its capital lie comparatively
idle; it must be put into circulation, must be made
to..count definitely for the country’s enrichment and
progress.
'The director of the federal Office of Experiment
Stations has aptly observed in this connection:
Heretofore interest in agricultural develop
ment has been largely in the direction of secur
ing new truths. A vast amount of valuable in-
* formation ■ is now in existence, waiting some
effective means of getting it into operation by
.the farming people of the United States. It has
been found that the mere publication of results
in bulletins and pamphlets is not sufficient. . .
The agricultural colleges were created and or
ganized chiefly for the benefit of agriculture.
They have devoted themselves to perfecting
organization and courses of study for the educa
tion of th/eir students and by means of experi
ment stations to the investigation and discovery
of agricultural truths. Recently there have
. arisen demands upon these institutions for in
formation and assistance outside their class
rooms by persons engaged in agriculture, unable
to attend these colleges as students.”
This is the very class of persons it is essential
to reach and to aid. The number of men, young or
mature, who have tlu time and the means to attend
an agricultural schoo' is comparatively small. Yet,
it is they who must be heartened and guided in
their work, if the country’s agricultural resources
are to be turned to full account.
The bill now before the Senate provides the
money and the machinery for carrying forward this
important enterprise. It calls for a fixed appropria
tion from the Treasury of ten thousand dollars un
conditionally to each State and for an appropriation
beginning with three hundred thousand dollars a
year, July the first. 1913, to be prorated among the
States according to their rural population. This lat
ter amount is to be increased three hundred thou
sand dollars each /ear until 1913 when the max
imum of three million dollars will be reached In
order to receive its pro rata share of this particular
fund, a State must >'lot an equal amount for the
same purpose.
The national appropriations are to be expended
by the State colleges of agriculture through their
extension departments. Three-fourths of the lponey,
it is stipulated,* must be employed in actual field
demonstrations; that is to say, competent agents or
instructors must be sent into the various, districts
and counties of a. State and show the farmers how
the soil can be most profitably cultivated, how diffi
culties can be mastered, how the land can be best
adapted to one crop or another and, in short, bring
the known truths of agricultural science into prac
tical and popular use.
Twenty per cent of tne fund to which we have re
ferred must be used for instruction in household
economics and matters that concern the domestic
side of rural life. Thus the bill is liberal in its
scope, providing for the illumination and enrich
ment of every phase of rural interests.
If this measure becomes a law, the American peo
ple, regardless of their residence, whether in town or
country, regardless of their vocation, whether in an
office or on a farm, will be incalculably benefited;
for the greatest achievements, like the greatest con
quests, are those made with the plough.
It's easy to bear the ills we haven’t.
The average married woman has a lifelong job
without wages. - 1
Anyway,, a woman would rather have cold feet
than large ones.
How would you iik? to be compelled to love your
self as you do your neighbors?
Three Interesting Conventions.
Three conventions that are peculiarly important
to farming interests and, indirectly so, to the gen
eral public will meet this week in Athens at the
State College of Agriculture. They will represent
thd Georgia Live Stock and Dairy Association, the
Breeders’ Association and the State Horticultural
Society. The former two are closely related and will
doubtless unite in their daily discussions on Wed
nesday, Thursday and Friday. All three conventions
will bring together for common counsel -men who are
working more or less as pioneers, in a particularly
promising field of opportunity.
The development of Georgia livestock and dairy
ing industry is a matter in which the entire State
has cause to be interested. In no part of the country
are natural conditions more favorable to the raising
and marketing of livestock than in Georgia. The
equable climate, the cheapness of housing and feed
ing, the adaptability of the soil to all manner of
grasses and forage and the numerous tracts of avail
able land—all these circumstances offer unusual in
ducements to stock breeding.
For many years past, a few farsighted men have
been earnestly striving to encourage and promote
this industry. Their number has increased aud their
purpose has foun ’ organized expression through the
Live Stock and Dairying and the Breeders’ associa
tions. The faithfulness with which they have urged
this enterprise upon the State’s attention is at last
bearing reults.
Cattle breeding is no longer a haphazard venture
in Georgia. It is being conducted along well-consid
ered and progressive lines. Its problems are being
overcome and its profits more and more widely real
ized. So with all the allied fields of live stock rais
ing. The forthcoming convention will doubtless
show that the past year has been one of substantial
growth and will do much to quicken and extend this
industry in the future.
The Horticultural Society represents one of the
State’s most productive spheres of endeavor. It is
difficult to realize how comparatively recent an in
dustry is peach growing in Georgia. But it would
be still more difficult to conceive a limit for this
and otlier branches of fruit culture.
The wonderful popularity of the Georgia peach
will s6on be parallelled by that of the Georgia ap
ple.
Skilled and experienced students of horticulture
declare that nowhere in the world can there be
found a combination of climate and soil more favor
able to the production of apples than in north
Georgia.
This State enjoys a peculiar advantage, too, in
its relative nearness to the great fruit markets of
the North and the East.
There is every reason to believe, therefore, that
when the apple industry is well under way—and it is
now progressing by leaps and bounds—it will prove
one of the most enriching resources Georgia has ever
known.
The Horticultural Society renders valuable ser
vice in uniting fruit growers in liberal and scien
tific endeavor.' Its annual convention should be
largely attended and all its efforts generously sup
ported. '
It’s the easiest thing in the world for the average
person to make a bad break.
It takes a born diplomat to appear interested in
other people’s troubles.
Even Mr. Baker seems to be of the opinion that
226 per cent is enough.
American Inventions Abroad.
. Within the ! past twelvemonth, eleven thousand
miles of motion picture film, made in the United
States, were sold to Europe. This is but one among
many interesting items in a recent report of the De
partment of Commerce and Labor, which show how
important a factor in the country’s foreign trade in
ventions are.
It is rather surprising to learn that America is
thj world’s largest producer of motion picture films
—that her capital and ingenuity are invading the
history, the romance and the scenic wonders of the
Old World and, as one observer happily puts it,
“showing Europe how interesting she is and making
a profit by the transaction.”
Even more impressive than this record is the fact
that a million dollars worth of American telephones
were shipped abroad in 1912. This one invention,
with its continuous and creative touch upon man’s
life, would suffice to give the United States a fore
most place in the story of civilization; besides that,
it* is proving a direct source of national wealth and
foreign trade.
Most striking of all, perhaps, is the statement
that thirty million dollars’ worth of American auto
mobiles were exported last year. What a distinctive
triumph for the industrial genius of the United
States that it has outdistanced the European man
ufacturers in this important field!
The American car is winning its way abroad
chiefly by the fact that it is within the reach of men
whose incomes are little above the average. The
invention and perfection of the automobile meant
much; hut to have made it a generally available and
a really useful machine, instead of merely a rich
man’s luxury, means even more. The average export
price of the American automobile last year was less
thfin a thousand dollars; that, combined with cred
itable workmanship, is the secret of its world-wide
popularity.
- — . . . ----- iMIjilii 1
Parcel Post On the Wing.
An intrepid young aviator of Massachusetts has
been commissioned by the postal authorities to carry
mail mid-air from Boston to New York and inter
vening points.
It is said that he will confine his ventures to the
parcel post, but in that field he will undertake to
deliver any load not exceeding twenty-five pounds.
Such is the ambition of our birdmen and the
uptodateness of American institutions.
What is new today must be made (if the word
be allowable) still “newer” tomorrow, or it ceases
to hold our interest.
The parcel post offers aviation a chance to re
deem itself from rather a prolonged season of un-
eventijflness.
Aside from the average number of accidents and
fatalities due to reckless flying, the airship world,
on this side of the Atlantic at least, has been un
usually tame for many months past.
No new records have been established, no thrill
ing achievements have been made, no principles of
far-reaching consequence have been discovered or
applied.
Indeed, the ordinary reader is at a loss to know
just where the science and art of fllying now stand—
whether they are progressing or are stationary.
So far as the army and navy are concerned, avia
tion is being continually pressed forward and is
yielding more and more important results.
But as for the general public, the airship is not
the thing of magic and of ceaseless surprise that it
was a year or two ago.
If the Massachusetts birdman succeeds in deliv
ering eggs and vegetables to the housewives along
his aerial route, thereby putting wings on the parcel
post, he will become the hero of the hour.
Cleave to the good and use a cleaver on the bad.
Europe probably would feel a bit awkward with
out some kind of war rumor.
The status of the weather, neither hot nor cold,
revives the old quandary about whisky and beer.
If there is any conversation between the gover
nors of the Carolinas, it seems to be Blease’s inning.
A Season of Probes.
No reader of Congressional news can be unim
pressed by the number of probes or investigations
which the House is now conducting.
The so-called Money Trust is being taken to
pieces and examined in all its intricate wheels and
springs.
The Shipping Trust is being hauled ashore and
explored.
The tariff schedules, made for the enrichment of
a few special interests at the expense of the people
as a whole, are being analyzed with a view to a
fairer readjustment.
The national currency system is being studied
more keenly and more broadly than ever before in
the hope that it may he made more adequate to com
mon business needs.
And besides these investigations, there are a
number of inquiries into less general but scarcely
less important problems.
There are persons who may regard these divers
probes as the evidences of a fretful and muck-raking
time, the froth oi a sensation that will soon pass
and leave nothing substantial behind it.
There are others to whom the investigations sig
nify an era of graft and injustice unparalleled.
Neither of these views is the true one.
The fact that Congressional committees are prob
ing into all manner of abuses and inefficiencies sim
ply shows that the rank and file of American citi
zens are more alert to'their rights than they have
been for many a decade.
When hidden tyrannies are dragged to light, then
political and economic freedom begins to shine.
When a nation sets out tc cure the ills of its
government then national health is assured.
Cheerful note from the gloom of the weather.
It is helping winte;- wheat.
Amundsen is going to make a tour of the
country, but it won’t create the excitement of a
Cook tour.
The authorities evidently do not construe Cas
tro’s eagerness to enter the United States as a com
pliment.
The Income Tax Amendment.
The proposed Income Tax amendment has been
ratified by the Legislatures of thirty-four States; to
assure its adoption the approval of only two more
States is needed.
The weight of popular judgment back of this
measure leaves no doubt that ultimately it will be
come effective.
It is important, however, and especially so from
the Democratic standpoint, that the amendment he
ratified and made operative with the least possible
delay. ,
The incoming administration is pledged to down
ward tariff revision.
The people have ordered that the tariff tax on
the necessaries of life be removed in so far as is
practicable and that all tariff schedules be read
justed with a view to common economic interests.
Early next spring_ Congress will be called into
extra session in order that this popular mandate
may be carried into effect.
If by that time the Income Tax amendment has
been ratified by three-fourths of the States, or is
definitely assured the required majority of votes,
the work of tariff revision will be made simpler and
surer.
A new source of government revenue will have
been provided and thus the way toward guarantee
ing the rights of the country’s consumers in respect
to tariff duties will be clear.
In every State where no legislative decision on
the amendment has yet been made, prompt action
should be taken.
Public sentiment should organize and exert itself
to that end.
The amendment should be adopted on its own
account and also on account of its present bearing
upon tariff reform.
Cold cash has produced many quitters.
Even the deadbeat is always willing to pay a
grudge.
It looks as if the country was throwing light in
all the dark places.
Indications now are that spring will arrive along
in the latter part of Marph, ., ... .. . ..
The Labor Cause Is Not a Class
War, but the Cause of Humanity
By Dr. Frank Crane
It ought to be clearly understood that those who
employ violence are the worst enemies of labor. The
men who shoot policemen, smash factories, wreck
freight cars, and blow up houses
are the men who are doing most
toward retarding the movement
of the laboring people toward
their full rights.
It ought also be understood
why this is so.
It is so because the cause of
labor is not a class war. It is
the cause of humanity itself.
The cause of the masses is the
cause of justice. The case is
not one wher e two dogs are quar
reling over a bone. Capital and
labor are not enemies in an eter
nal feud. What one gets is not
necessarily robbed from another.
Their interests are mutual.
What the sensible, honest
workingman wants is not some
thing that belongs to somebody else; he wants what
belongs to him.
He does not desire to beat anybody, whip any
body, nor be avenged upon anybody. All he wants is
a square deal.
Now, violence and riot never wrought a square
deal for any man or class since the foundation of the
world. They invariably have ended in conditions of
anarchy, and anarchy is the mother of tyranny. When
there is no law the people welcome a despot. Far
better is the rottenest ruler of absolutism, with law
and order, than the most vociferous democracy where
life is insecure and property unstable.
We are of English blood. The English genius
stands for reform by law. Look at the progress in
England during the nineteenth century. There was
no revolution, no destruction, yet the gains are con
siderable.
Note Catholic emancipation in 1827, the reform
in suffrage in 1832, by which the political power
was practically transferred from the upper to the
middle classes; the abolition of slavery in 1834, by
which no English soil might hold a slave; the re
form of the poor laws in the same year; the fac
tory act of 1833 protecting children from destruc
tive labor, the act of 1868, which threw contested
elections into the civil courts to be quietly adjudi
cated; the acts of 1872 and 1883 concerning the
ballot, which have rooted bribery out of English
elections, transforming then, from being the most
corrupt to being the purest in the world; the uni
versal suffrage acts of 1884 and 1885, adding 3,-
000,000 votes to the polling lists; the municipal re
form acts of 1835, in wliich the rubbish which
city charters had gathered for ages was swept
away; the repeal of the corn laws in 1846, and
civil service reform of 1870.
These and other changes in England constitute a
change as profound as the French revolution. They
were brought to pass by a people not only determined
to have their liberties but also equally determined to
pull the house down over their ears in the process.
Law is the mutual compact under which it is pos
sible for human beings to live together. Without re
spect for law from all classes there can be no civili
zation, but we lapse into that wretched barbarism
where the strong prey upon the weak in unrestricted
license.
Most of us recognize this. It seems trite. And
yet there# are many, warm-hearted in their struggle
for a better social system, who need to be reminded
that there is no real or permanent advancement of
justice except by law. \
And don’t forget that to make the labor cause a
class war is to cheapen and degrade the issue; tp the
normal American any kind of a class war ranks as a
species of dog fight, but when you make the labor
movement to be the cause of humanity you put behind
it the conscience of the race, and you are sure to win.
Good Morning in Eskimo
Mr. Frederick Palmer, in his Balkan letter in The
Sunday Times, mentions a German porter at a Sofia
hotel who spoke so many languages that it would not
have been surprising to have heard him say "Good,
day" to a Greenlander In Eskimo, which reminds me
of a little story. Some years ago, and just before
Perry had set out on his successful voyage to the
north pole, we were talking one morning at breakfast
in a Saratoga hotel, and X asked what the Eskimo
language sounded like, and would he give me a sen
tence as a sample.
“For example,” said X, “how do they say ‘Good
morning?” “I asked this guilelessly, remembering my
Ollendorff method. The lieutenant laughed. “They
don’t say It,” he replied. “No?” said I, somewhat
surprised' at such bad manners. “No,’ he explained
very seriously. “You see, in a country where it is
morning only once a year they don’t need as we do
here where we get ours a little more frequently.’'
Thereupon the light broke in upon me and I asked
for a sample of a different kirtd.—W. J. L., in The
New York Times.
Saving and Investing Talks
THE OLD AND THE DEAF AND TEE MUTE.
BY JOHN M. OSKXSOIY.
As I write this two men are on trial in the Federal
district court in New York City for the fraudulent use
of the mails in selling mining stock. They are A. L.
Wisner and John J. Meyers, of
the old firm of promoters and
stock peddlers which used the
name of A. L. Wisner & Co.
From the Times of December
14, I take these extracts from
testimony given at the trial the
day before. ,
“Urbane Derby, of Concord,
Mass., was another of the pur
chasers of stock. He is an old
man with snow white hair and
beard, and he has been a con
stant attendant in the court
room ever since the trial began.
44 ‘How much money did you
give A. L. Wisner & Co?’ asked
Mr. Arnold (assistant United States district attorney).
“ ‘More than $10,000 in all,’ he said.
“Sometimes he got small dividends, he said, but
as soon as he did he received an offer to sell him
more stock.
“His wife then took the stand. . . . The state
ments of A. A. Butterfield, the Concord agent, had
caused her and her husband to invest in the mining
stock, she said.
“ ‘We told him we couldn’t afford to invest all our
money unless it was safe, as we had to have some
thing for our old age. When w e had given the firm
all we had we tried to borrow from them on their
stock, but they wouldn’t let us have any money.’
“Another witness who told much the same tale
was Peter J. Bollinger, of Buffalo, a deaf and dumb
man.”
•It is interesting to observe that the fight being
made in the court on behalf of Wisner and Meyers is
based on the alleged double-crossing of these gentle
men by a third man who was interested in selling the
Wisner stocks. They say that in one deal this man
sold stocks worth $500,000 and turned in to the com
pany only $17,000!
Can you think of Urbane Derby, his old wife, and
the deaf mute of Buffalo as “legitimate suckers who
are due to have their money taken away from them?
I can’t; I think they ought *o have been protected
**
IMMIGRATION
X—DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRANTS.
BY MLEDEBIC J. HAJSKIM.
It is quite generally agreed among statesmen and
philanthropists that if the “new” immigration, which
is flocking to our shores at the rate of three-quarters
of a million souls a year, is to
be a blessing and an economic
asset to the nation, ways and
means must be found whereby
it may be distributed widely
throughout the country—for then
only can the digestive juices of
American influence reach the en
tire mass and fit it for assim
ilation into the body politic. So
long as it crowds into colonies
and holds itself aloof in commu
nities that never feel the touch
of American customs and ideas,
how can we expect it to become
like us and a part of us?
#n
And yet, that is what is hap
pening right along. Three-
fourths of our Russian -immi
grants are to be found in cities
that have a population of 25,000
and upward. More than half of the Italian immigrants,
the Polish, the Bohemian, tho Hungarian and the Aus
trian immigrants gravitate to such centers of popula
tion. On the other hand, less than one-fourth of our
native Americans are to be found in such cities, and
the same is true of our Scandinavian immigrants. More
than half of the great population of New York City is
of foreign birth, and there are sections of the metrop
olis that are as foreign to America, as far as influences
go, as are Warsaw, Naples or Vienna. The list of
American cities where the foreign population exceeds
the native is a large one. There are some fifty cities
where the population of foreign birth represents more
than two-fifths of the total, and among these are some
twenty where the foreign “element is in the majority.
* *
Every authority agrees that it is desirable to secure
as many settlers on the land as possible, but there are
some who do not believe In any other sort of distribu
tion of Immigrants, except such as Is created by the
natural working of the law of supply and demand. The
ground upon which they predicate their belief Is that It
will tend to reduce that kind of living and wages which
they call “the American standard.” One of those who
holds this view is the commission general of Immi
gration, Daniel J. Keefe.
. • •
He asserts that many of the arguments In favor of
the distribution of aliens other than to plant them on
the land are fallacious. He says that organizations
struggling to solve (the problem of putting the alien
where he is needed, vary from those moved by pureljl
business impulses to those which are “or pretend to be,
patriotic or philanthropic in their purposes." They
range, he adds, from combinations of ticket agents,
money lenders and labor agencies to state and munici
pal organizations conducted bona fide and from high,
pure motives.” He further adds, however, that the lat
ter “often incidentally produce some of the same ef
fects as the selfish organizations.”
• » *
In commenting upon the problem he says If It ever
was feasible to devise a complete, efficient plan ton
the general distribution of aliens, it probably Is now too
late to stem the tide which has set toward certain lo
calities, where alien nucleus colnoies have been estab
lished, constituting new reasons why aliens are drawn
and unless they are physically and mentally .adapted to
to them; even though a certain number of aliens may be
distributed, they will not remain where they are placed
unless the arrangement coincides with their desires,
their new surroundings, as a large percentage of those
who now insist on herding in the cities never will be;
and that, viewed from a national standpoint, distribu
tion tends to increase the difficulties of Immigration
rather than to reduce them. He concludes that distribu
tion will tend to increase immigration, and that this
will, in turn, tend to drive down the wages of Ameri
can Workingmen.
• * •
There are many students of the problem, however,
who take direct issue with Commissioner Ueneral Keete,
both as to his minor and major conclusions. They point
out that the same fear was expressed when his own
people began to come and continued to come to Amer
ica, but that American wages are higher and American
workingmen’s standards of living are better than they
were before. Likewise, they point out that nearly au
per cent of the immigration from many southern and
eastern European countries comes to us from the vil
lage and the farm, and that to say they arc not physi
cally or mentally fitted for anything else than to herd
in congested communities is not a just statement.
* . •
It is further pointed out by thoso who oppose the
conclusions of Mr. Keefe that neither congress nor the
immigration commission has agreed with him, but have
taken the opposite view. Congress created a bureau of
information for the purpose of collecting iriformatton
concerning opportunities for Immigrants and dissemi
nating it among them with a view to encouraging a ben
eficial distribution of immigrants. 1 The main purpose
was to co-operate with the several states in acquaint
ing immigrants with their advantages.
* * *
The immigration commission likewise concludes that
the rekson the Immigrant goes to congested cities is be
cause he knows of no better opportunities elsewhere, it
says that "a large part of the immigrants were agri
cultural laborers at home, and their Immigration is due
to a desire to escape the low economic conditions which
attend agricultural pursuits in the countries from whten
they come. With no knowledge of other conditions, it
is but natural, therefore, that they should seek another
line of activity in this country.”
•* * *
It is pointed" out that the thing to do is to plant the
immigrant where )ie can secure a plot of ground and
build a house on it, because there goes on mo3t rapidly
the process of Americanization. Go to Brown Bark,
Omaha, which has been improved by the Bohemians,
Poles and Lithuanians. What was a few years ago a
rolling prairie Is today studded with neat, well-kept
homes, schools and churches, having well cultivated
gardens and flowers, and conforming to the best Amer
ican standards among wage earners. Go to the Italian
settlements in Rockland county, N. Y.; Providence,
R. I., and Rosetta, Pa. There the immigrants have
their gardens, no matter what the soil Is, and sometimes
in striking contrast with adjacent farms of New Eng
land, the Italians on the swamps of New Jersey, and
the Portuguese on Cape Cod, have shown what they
can do under conditions that have driven out older
Americans, have shown that they can rehabilitate worn
out soil and build up a competence in waste places.
* * •
The lowest wages paid in America go to the 1 for
eigner and the highest to the native American, and yet
the investigations of the immigration commission into
home ownership in cities, reveal the fact that, while
only 4.2 pel* cent of the native born Americans, of native
parentage own their homes, more than 10 per cent ot
the foreign born and native born of foreign parentage
own theirs.
• * •
A striking illustration of the need for some sort of a
system of distribution of immigrants is to be had In a
map prepared by Peter Roberts. He takes a United
States map and draws a line from Atlantic City to the
southeastern corner of Illinois. Then he draws another
line from that point to the northwestern corner of Min
nesota. The little slice of territory inside of this angle
bears about the same relation to the whole United
States as one slice of pie to a whole pie—It represents
only a little more than one-sixth of the country’s area;
and yet, within that comparatively small territory, live
nearly five-sixths of all the ‘’new” ^
Amefjca>