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k 4 S THE, TLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 17, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Kntered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President, and Editor. 3UBSCRXPTION PRICE Twelve months 75c Six Months . * 4° c Three months 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal Is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with" strong departments of special value to the home and the f&rm. Agents wanted at every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write* R. R. BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you Insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot, enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mall. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. How would you like to be a mule’s chiropodist? In one case, at least, the recall of judges seemed to work quite well. Well, it didn’t snow, but the weather man has plenty of time yet to make good. Georgia Rivers and Harbors. The national rlvers-and-harhors bill, which is soon to be reported to the House, is said to pro vide nearly a million dollars for improvements in Georgia. That is a cheering prospect for scores of communities and a significant one to all who have glimpsed the far-reaching possibilities of the State’s waterways and ports. The rivers of Georgia have thus far played com paratively a small part in its commercial life. But with due development and enterprise, they can he turned to fruitful account and made a quickening force for common business interests. Of recent years, the State’s the State’s water-power sites have begun to attract discerning notice; and when they have been surveyed and mapped with a view to prudent conservation, their immense resources will no doubt be developed and 'become a new agency for industrial progress. Likewise, the rivers will be utilized as highways for traffic when they are properly developed and will become, as they can' and should be, a benefit to the people. It is gratifying to note that the bill soon to he submitted to Congress calls for several substantial appropriations to thte end. For the Chattahoochee Uluiisai# dollars has been alloted; for the Coosa, ninety tnousand; for the Oconee, Ocmulgee and Altamaha, forty thousand; for the Flint, fifteen thousand; and for the Savannah to Fernandina waterway, one hundred thousand. In some instances, to be cure, the sum proposed is far from adequate to existing needs; but the Georgia share of the national appropriation considered as a whole, is distinctly heartening. Of chief importance is the fact that the .'Com mittee will recommend four hundred and seventy- five thousand dollars for the Savannah river and harbor and thirty-three thousand dollars for the Brunswick harbor. The inland cities of Georgia should not forget that the ports at Savannah and Brunswick are a rich asset to the entire State or, that the development of these ports will, in one way or another, benefit the commonwealth as a whole. All Georgians, regaraless of where they may re side or of what their individua’ interests may he, have cause for keen satisfaction over the promised improvement for the State’s harbors and rivers. Money }a easy again, hut it still talks just as noisily. All the gambling houses have been closed at Hot Springs, and yet some people can’t see that reform is in the air. The Archbold Conviction. The impeachment and conviction of Judge Rob ert W. Archbald, of the Commerce Court, is note worthy for the thoroughness of his trial and also for the fact that he Is one of the only three mem bers of the Federa- judiciary who have *,een found guilty of malfeasance in office since the nation be gan. His case shows that the means provided by the Constitution for the removal ot a corrupt judge are adequate. The -record shows that such judges have been exceedingly rare on the Federal bench. After a full and fair Investigation, the House of Representatives voted almost unanimously for Judge Archbald’s impeachment and the charges were presented to the Senate. The inquiry in the House began on May the seventh and within two months the case was formally before the Senate. Owing to the press of legislation, the trial was de ferred until December, but when all the circum stances are home in mind, It seems to have been expeditious and, certa'.ily, it was thoroughgoing. So long as officials who abuse their office and power can thus bo called to a reckoning and to punishment, there is no cause to distrust the meth ods now provided for that purpose py the Constitu tion. It is perhaps a human Impossibility to devise any system of government in which had men or weak men will not occasionally find offices of which they are unworthy or for which they are incompetent. But it is a remarkable tribute to the uprightness of our Federal courts that only three of their judges have been impeached and convicted since the Con stitution was adopted, it has been fifty years since I bore was a case like that of Archbald and fifty-nine i-s elapsed uetween the first and the second case President-elect Wilson has a way of hitting the nail on the head at the psychological moment, for in stance when he says the reactionary will be barred. The Balkan Bayonet. The London Peace Conference, which has been moving in tedious circles now promise^ to break off at a sharp, dramatic tangent. The larger Powers, as well as the Balkan States, have reached the frazzled limit of their patience over the Turks’ continued delays. Unless present plans miscarry a note of the Powers will be presented to the Porte on Thursday, counseling the surrender of Aarianople and advising that the final disposition of the Aegean islands be left to international settlement. At the same time, the Balkan allies will terminate the armistice and unless Turkey responds as they desire, will renew the war. In the latter even" there seems little doubt as to what the result would be for the Ottoman govern ment. When the truce was established early in De cember, the Allies enjoyed great strategic advantage. They had beaten the main Turkish hrmy into a pell- mell retreat toward Constantinople and in divers ways had outgeneralied aud outfought the Sultan’s forces. The interim of peace has, on the jvhole, strengthened their military status and has given them time for recuperation. Most importan. of all, they are as stanchly united in their common inter ests as ever and they are even now determined. The Turks, on the contrary are as weak and as demoralized as they were before the armistice was perfected. Political dissension is still rife at home. Their domestic problems are as grave as ever. As for Adrlanoplte, which is the center of dispute, that city is reported to be in the' clutch of danger and disease—far more formidable besiegers than any hostile army could ever he. Will the Turks reconcile themselves to the loss of Adrianople through means of peace and at the suggestion of Europ", or will they continue thei.- obstinancy until the city topples under the enemy’s bayonets? A few more days will furnish the answer It would seem that the instinct of self-preservation should lead the Ottoman government to adopt the peaceful course. Otherwise it can scarcely hope to hold itself intact. In any event, it seems that the day of reckon ing for European Turkey is at hand. By some means or other, the *rip of an uncivilized tyranny over lands that should be free to prosper and prog ress, will be broken. And a lazy man can’t because he won’t. Science tunnels mountains while faith is figuring on moving them. Of course your way of earning a living is the hardest way there is. Any thin i woman can get plump with the right kind of a dressmaker. O, Ye of Little Faith. Even in this golden age, when the world is re turning to its early faith in goblins and fairies and a thousand wonders never dreamt of in dull philoso phy, there are Gracgrind skeptics who refuse to believe anything they cannot verify in their own routine experience. They continue to doubt that Jonah traveled in the whale, that Orpheus > rode to safety on a dolphin’s back, and some of them are so profane as to doubt that Tom Thumb himself was swallowed by a trout and then delivered safe and sound to the kitchen table at the palace of his king. Even though such marvels did occur in the dim long-ago, say our skeptics, they never could happen again. To all such carping souls, we commend that story, fresh from the news "df the day, which relates the strange adventure of a ruby ring owned by Mr. Henry Gold, a matter-of-fact citizen of Bayonne, New Jersey. We doubt that Mr. Gold, fanciful though his cognomen, reads fairy tales or holds secret com- verse with the gnomes of the night. He is simply an average, trousered American; wherefore his ex perience, or rather that of his jewel, is all the more interesting and credible. Last week, he went a-fishing. In the midst of his sport he dropped his ring overboard. It was a grievous loss, for the stone was an heirloom, and he could not he reconciled. A few mornings later, however, he entered his office in high spirits, dis playing the ring to his astonished associates. “Why, how did you get it back!” they exclaimed. Then he made the mystery clear. On the evening before, he had received by parcel post a fine fish sent by the friend with whom he had gone angling. His wife prepared the fish for supper and there inside it lay the ring. Where now, agnostics, is your ground for doubt over Jonah and Tom Thumb? There’s always a chance for a man to become famous if he isn’t a dead one. The cunning of a fox isn’t in it with the cun ning of a young widow who is in love. Mrs. H. C. White. The death of Mrs. H. C. White, of Athens, is a grievous loss to the State and a poignant sorrow to the hundreds' of people who had the fortune and the blessing of her personal .friendship. Her life was luminous with the goodness and the .grace that make true womanhood a guiding and healing power in the world. Her spirit was one that kept pace with the march of large ideas and philan thropies and yet was ever ready with helpfulness and cheer for the homeliest needs and the humblest lives. As president of the Georgia Federation of Wom en’s Clubs she rendered service that will count for long years to come not only in the strength and usefulness of that organization but also in the social happiness and betterment of the commonwealth. Every movement that had for its purpose the bright ening or enrichment oi the home received her gen erous sympathy and her valuable support. Gifted with the finest intuitions and with liberal culture, she gave hers: If freely to her generation and left a memory that will linger as a fragrant influ ence and a benediction. Many a girl who starts out to make a name for herself can’t make a loaf of bread. Lightning may not hit twice in the samo place, but it is different with the chronic borrower. w 1 Things That Happen ] i When I’m Not There f * BY DR. FRANK CRANE * I am often worried by the thought o2 things going on, where I once was, just th e same as when I was there. Have you never felt this, just a little sickening sensation, the revelation of the truth that after all you do not much matter? You have moved. In your na tive town you were somewhat. Things depended upon ^ i. You were consulted. \s -en you couldn’t attend a meeting busi ness was postponed. Somehow you realized that you were a prop, a pillar; yet, when you left, noth ing tumbled. It is a hit disquiet ing to know that the old /.lace is getting along quite as well with out you. There is a little cafe in Paris, in the Rue Saint Jacques, where I used to take breakfast. It was kept by a huge Provencal, with a busy, cheerful roly-Provencai, with a nice little nine-year-old daughter. Every morn ing they greeted me as if the place would not have been able to do business without /me. I was part of • that menage. Now I am gone. They are doubtless going forward with their lives stoutly and jovially, French fashion. They miss me as the pond misses the rain water of yesterday. I was in Rome awhile. Now Roman affairs pro ceed, cabs roll th e street, priests say early mass and kneeling women are scattered in the churches, bakers’ boys go about with their baskets of bread upon their heads, dandies loaf and ogle in front of the restaurant Faraglia, and th e flower sellers by the Spanish Stairs are busy, and I am not there. Think of this when you are disposeu to feel your importance. The spot light is upon you. You are the headliner. Your position is It. But whether you are in a railway company, a church, a lodge, a senate, an army, or a social circle, cheer up! for when you drop out the chorus of the mocking fates may be heard merrily intoning the comic opera theme: He never will be missed, He never will be missed. But it is not to indulge in lukewarm sentiment that I indite these lines. It is rather to record my convic tion that man is by nature and instinct an omnipresent spirit; and th© fact that anything can happen when he is not there, he feels to be a real grievance. That is why we travel. We want to be pysent once, anyhow, at the pyramids, the Taj Mahal, and the Yosemite; really, we feel we should be there, and everywhere else, all the time. Unfortunately our presence is limited to the spot where the body happens to be. The worst thing to me about dying is not the pain nor the hereafter, 'but the thought that this great world will go rumbling and roaring on just as if I had never been. A man’s deepest treasure is his personal ity. The deepest insult you can give him is to make him feel that he makes no difference. The crudest conviction that can enter his soul is that he is negligi ble. j Away down in my feelings I am hurt to think that anything whatever can take place without me. Perhaps this is egotism. Perhaps it is the begin nings of the instinct of omnipresence, which in the nest life, in a measure at least, may be realized. College Co-operation (New York Evening Mail.) Gratifying evidence of the dying out of the old id^a that universities must stoutly compete with each other is found in the annual report of the president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in discussing the future relations of the institute and Harvard. The time for a close physical and administrative union passed with the purchase of the new site for the in stitute, if, indeed, it had not passed before. But now that these two great institutions are soon to be within a few minutes’ ride of one another, the question of an exchange of facilities and of the use of special equip ment possessed by the one or the other is thrust to the front. Mr. Maclaurin discusses it with admirable good sense, suggesting that there is no reason whatever why technology students should not profit by trie in spiration of exceptionally able teachers at Harvard, and vice versa. The beginning of such relations, he thinks, should first be through the interchange of graduate students. In the matter of physical equip ment, the case is still plainer. President Maclaurin points out that the institute may soon build an exper imental tank for its department of naval architecture. Why should not Harvard have the use of it? It would surely be a great wast© for Harvard to build such a tank, but ten minutes away. Again, the Technology is to have the best mining and metallurgical laborato ries in exfstence. Harvard ought to profit by them precisely as the Technology should be able to use, under proper restrictions, those great university mu seums at Harvard which could only be duplicated, if at all, by tremendous expenditure. Harvard, we are cure, will be ready to meet the Technology half way; and this friendly co-operation ought to be a valuable example to the whol e college world. Saving and Investing Talks Don’t Keep Checks Undeposited. BY JOHN M. OSKISON. I onced worked in the same office with a man who w on the way to becoming a miser. One day he asked me for a small loan, explaining that he needed the money because he had not cashed any of the checks he g( r eve*y vefk ir payment f>* his work. I expressed sur prise, and then he took from his pocket a sheaf of checks running back nearly six months. He could not see tha h •, was doing a foolish thing to carry them around in his pf cket. Not long ago I found in a newspaper this item of Wash ington gossip; “A government regulation may make the bulk of the sav ings of eighty-year-old Mrs. Katherine Coombs so much waste paper. The aged woman for thirty years has hoarded the monthly $10 voucher she received for her care of machine covers in the bureau of engraving and printing. Today, her trunk contains 360 of the warrants, calling for $3,600 from the treasury. But a treasury regulation provides that such vouchers must be cashed within two years of the date of issue.” If you think that examples like these are rare you are mistaken. The dark ages of personal finance have not passed. There are a great man thousands of per sons in this country who will not accept checks at all, and a great many more who do not know what interest is. To such, enlightenment will come slowly. Meanwhile, it is a good rule to paste up in front of you never to hold a check over night if you can possi bly get it on deposit and on the way to collection the day you receive it. By doing this you will make more sure of getting the amount of the check placed to your credit, and at the same time help the giver of the check in keeping his accounts straight. Be modern—use checks. Find out exactly what they stand for. Learn about certified checks and drafts. The powers that be are frank enough under the direct, fearless probe encouraged by Wilson. If a man is always making new friends it’s gen erally a sign that his old friends are onto him, ^OUAITRY TlMELTf 4 jQME topics CCKDOCrED . BTJTRS. \T. HJTtLTOrt UJJKEKAL LEE’S BIRTHDAY. When this paper goes to press we will be almost ready to celebrate General Robert E. Lee’s birthday, which our legistlators made* a state holiday several years ago. I find the 19th of January this year falls on Sunday, and I do not know a better day than Sun day to discuss the life of General Le© in the best of our churches. He was a fine specimen of a Virginia gentleman. He had illustrious and patriotic ancestors, and he il lustrated in his own life the virtues and graces of a noble patriot. He was likewise a Christian gentleman, a believer in the Christian religion. He was a splendid father to his own children. \ A letter is extant where he counselled with a school boy son that is equal to or better than any that the famous Chesterfield ever penned. He was about to leave his Arlington home, just before the war, to go out on the frontiers of Texas and New Mexico, to be absent a long time with his military command, and this was his parting letter to his absent son off at school. It was a model letter. It should be read to school boys on every recurrence of the Lee holiday. He was a rich man, an extensive planter before the war. The United States government' confiscated his Arlington property, although it came to him through his wife, who was a near relative of General Washing ton’s Wife, once the widow Custis. He had but little left when the Confederacy col lapsed. He lived in a rented house in Richmond, and his sole opportunity after the surrender was to teach in a boys’ college in Virginia. He died within a few years after the war closed, and spent his time in that institution until his dem.se. He was appealed to time anu again to allow the use of his name to head va rious organizations or enterprises to make money by soliciting from southern people. He invariably refused to allow his name thus used. He was particularly pressed to be named as head of an insurance company, to urge old soldiers to buy in surance. He modestly desisted until he was told that he would only be expected to allow his name at the head and draw a salary of $10,000 per annum. Then he understood its purpose, and with a crimson flush on his face, he said, with emphasis: “It is use less to urge me. I shall never sell the use of my name to any such scheme or combination.” It will be remembered that Generals Early and Beauregard did head the Louisiana lottery scheme for a number of rs, and one or two noted Confederate officers headed an insurance organization in which un told thousands were lost in the southern states after the war. The keynote of general Lee’s character was un blemished personal integrity. Nothing was allowed to tinge that self-respect or tarnish his gocrtl name. Money did not tempt him. With a large family left dependent after the war closed, he faced poverty and privation like a true-hearted Christian soldier. His good friend, General Ewell, who desired to aid him, proposed to en dow a chair in General Lee’s college, provided General Lee would be given the annuity. He declined to take it; said he wr.s getting along well in his position and he hoped that money could be used to aid poverty- stricken Confederate veterans. A home was built at i-ie institution by the efforts of his Virginia friends, and he was asked to accept it, but he declined with gentle courtesy. It was then offered to his wife, and she also declined, giving the same identical reasons. It was turned over to the university as a president’s home. Mrs. R. E. Lee died in the home, an inmate of the family of her son, the president, who was promoted to his father’s position after General Lee’s death, as the head of the institution. General Lee was a magnificent soldier before the war. It has been said that General Winfield Scott earnestly desired he should be his (3cott’s) successor as general of the United States army. It was a great trial to General Lee when he sun dered his connection with the Federal army. He did not resign until Virginia seceded. Then he said ne ‘‘never could draw a sword against his beloved state and his kindred.” I have often wished that General Lee could have lived longer, to have counselled the Confederate states in the years that succeeded the war. He was always so practical arid conservative in his military life that „his counsel would have been great and gracious in the tifhes.that followed the sur render. With his two great army lieutenants, General Stone wall Jackson and General Longstreet, he was nearly invincible as a general, and he failed btecause the task was too great and the difficulties insurmountable. General Lee’s name, his character and his patriotism will ever increase in interest to the American people. BURYING THE DEAL. Forty-odd years ago, Hawthorne in his notes on French and Italian travel, mentioned the horrible prac tices among the modern Romans with their dead, wher e they were stripped of all funeral attire, put into rudest wooden coffins and thrown into a trench where promiscuous corpses were thrown. Said he: ‘‘This is the fate of all except thos e whose friends choose to pay an exorbitant sum to have them buried under the pavement of a church. The Italians have an excessive dread of corpses and never meddle with even those of their nearest and dearest relatives. On the whole, perhaps the ancient practice of burning the corpse is a preferable one, for nature has made it difficult to do anything pleasant or satisfactory to a dead body.” At the time those words were written by this American author cremation was not talked of in the United States. It is now a very common occur rence to cremate dead bodies. Where there is a crowded population the question of disposing of dead bodies becomes a very serious problem to the living, and cremation seems to be the only solution of this difficulty, where the living may be seriously and fatally affected by contaminating the water supply, or where the atmosphere can be tainted by the escaping gases that arise from decay and putre faction. In rural districts and sparsely settled localities it Is a matter of small moment, where graves are well dug in the earth, and one at a time, with perhaps weeks of intermission, but where deaths are frequent and espe cially where epidemics prevail, the burial question will often force itself on thinking minds. It was left to me some few years ago to remove the coffins from our old family burying ground to the public cemetery. I found very little to remove except empty coffins, and those were only metallic ones that had withstood complete decay. After a lapse of sixty years there was not a single trace to be found. Within fifty years there were few traces, and we may console ourselves that underground things will disappear very quickly. It is the Bible decree: ‘‘Dust thou art; to dust thou wilt return,” and cremation into ashes is a little quicker than the dust and final disappearance in the usual way. Four U. S. Senators Are Native Georgians Atlanta, Ga., Jan. 13, 1913. Editor The Journal: A few days ago you stated in your news columns that the appointment of Colonel Johnson to the United States senate from Texas gave Georgia three senators, Colonel Johnson having been born in this state. According to that, Georgia has four senators. Senator Duncan U. Fletcher, of Florida, is a native of Geogia, having been born in Sumter county, January 6, 1859; moved the following year to Monroe county, where he resided" till 1881, when he moved to Florida. Hi attended the country schools of Monroe and later attended Gordon institue at Barnesville. STILES A MARTIN, Sou then Press Clipping Bureau. Atlanta. V Needles and Pins BY FREDERIC J. HASKINS From time Immemorial these small instruments or j trouble to the married man have played an important I part in the evolution of human civilization. Civiliza- j tion cannot exist among urr clothed human beings, and j clothing cannot be produced 1 withrut needles to sew it. Con- j sequently, the use of the needle , dates back to the stone age \ when it took the form of a hooked bone by means of which \ the primitive woman drew to gether the skins of the animals 1 captured by her lord and mas ter, fastening them with sinews in lieu of thread. And be cause needles were difficult to obtain and sinew even more so, , and also because different oc cupations required a change in , the manner of draping the pre historic robe, a temporary fast-1 ening had to be evolved. This was pinning and nature pro- ■ vided strong, smooth thorns which required little or no preparation to make them i serve their purpose. Thus the primitive family was quite as dependent upon the needle and pin for their bodily comfort as is the family of the present. The Kaffirs in Africa ar© today using a curious combination of the needle and pin. They have an iron pin with a round head. They tie a fiber or thread, around the needle next the head and, by puncturing holes in the fabric they desire to sew, are able to put , in stitches effectively and smoothly, though their method seems laborious compared with the use of the modern needle whicji they are now learning to use. Soon the Kaffir needle will be found only^ in muse ums, although it is still being used by the older wom en of the tribes. • •» • There is an almost endless variety of needles and 1 the different uses of them are increasing. The use of machinery for knitting, shoe-making and garment- making calls for special needles which must be changed frequently to keep up with the improvements developed in the machines. There are a number of t kinds of cooking needles which were well known in 1 Europe, but it took an American to invent the ham j needle which is used in all of the great meat packing establishments of this country. It is really a thini knife blade tapered to a point, but it has a long ovai eye to carry the stout twine drawn through the end of | ham and other pieces of meat which have to be hung in the smok e house. • * • The improvements upon the various kinds of ma- ] chine needles are largely made by Americans, although j the best hand sewing needles are still suppposed to be | imported from England. The development of the shoe-, making trade called for many special kinds of needles, j one of the most unique being grooved and curved into j a fraction of a circle. It is used for putting the welts! upon shoes. Many of the needles used in sewing j leather ar© triangular in shape Instead of round. The' fine glove needles are triangular down to the extreme j point. The knitting machine could not be made prac tical until the idea of having the needles hooked at the j end occurred to the inventor. After that principle be came recognized the evolution of the knitting machine', was assured. No less than 1,397,533 gress of machine j needles of various kinds were manufactured in this \ country last year and about one-sixth of these were designed for some part of shoe manufacture. • • • The development of surgery calls for an almost endless variety of rcedles for their somewhat grue-1 some uses. It is the development of the surgeon’s needle which is largely Responsible for the success o£ | many operations and for the comparatively unnotice- able scars resulting from the use of the surgeon’s | knife upon the face or hands. Expert dermatologists, who devote their skill to the improvement of facial | defects, have originated several new forms of surgeons’ needles, one of the most remarkable of which is thei nose needle, which can sew clean through the cartilage of the nasal organ when a change in its outline has * been desirable. • • • According to a recent estimate the daily consump-, tion of needles throughout the entire world amounts to over 3,000,090. The women of the United States use | about 300,000,000 ^needles each year. In addition to the machine needles, about a half million gross of o#di- nary sewing needles are manufactured in this country each year, and a little more than that number are im ported from England. The manufacture of needles takes an intricate routine requiring at least twenty-two distinct processes from the time the wire is cut into proper length until the finished needles are finally , stuck into the purple paper used to prevent their rusting. • • • To many people the placing of the eye in the needle is the most interesting process, because of the minute exactitude required. It is related of a Russian prince who went through an English needle factory that he expressed his surprise that a hole could be put in so fine an object as the sliver of steel designed for a fine cambric needle. “Will your highness give me a hair from your head?” asked the manager who was showing the distinguished visitor through the factory. The hair was given and the manager passed it to th e work man at the drilling machine who put a hole through it and presented it to the prince threaded with a bit of silk of microscopic fineness. - « . The manufacture of needles and pins Is usually conducted In the same factory and the output is usually reckoned together In the making up of govern ment reports. There are now forty-six of these es tablishments, fewer than were reported several years ago, although their aggregate production Is much larger. They employ about 5,000 wage earners, a large percentage of whom are women and children, beeause, with the improved machinery, there Is less need for highly skilled laborers. The total products of these factories amount to over 55,000,000 In annual value. ) The larger part of this Is in pins, for the United States does a large part of supplying the world with 1 pins for which there is an ever-increasing demand. ... • The common pins were first made in Europe about the middle of the fourteenth century, and they became 1 general In England some time later. In 1483 the im- | portatlon of pins from France was forbidden by an English statute, although in 1540 Queen Catherine had them imported for her own use. About this time they began to be manufactured In England and there was a special legislative act passed providing "No person shall put to sale any plnnes only such as shall have a double head and have the eye soldered fast to the shank of the plnne, the shank well shapen, the points well rounded, filed, canted and shaped." At that time, as now, the be"3t pins were made of brass, but this law was especially directed against iron pins whitened to resemble brass. Charles Lamb and His Snuff One summer’s evening- I was walking with Charles Lamb, and we had talked ourselves into a philosophic contempt of our slavery to the habit of snuff taking, with the firm resolution of never again taking a single pinch. We threw our snuff boxes away from th# hill on which we stood at Hampstead, far among the furze and brambles below, and went home in triumph. I began to be very miserable, was wretched all night. In the morning I was walking on the same hill. I saw Charles Lamb below, searching among the bushes. He looked up laughing, and saying: “What! You are come to look for your snuff box, too?” “Oh, no,” said I, taking a pinch out of a papoc in my waistcoat pocket, “I went for a halfpenny worth to the first shop that was open.”—From ‘William Hone, His Life and Times/*