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I V T THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 17, 1913. AGRICULTURAL JOgL Education Successful Farming- J 5 A mt ^ ft- SouLt This department will cheerfully endeavor to jumish any information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. .Andrew M. Soule. president State Agricultural College. Athens. Qa. R W. P., Omega. Ga.. writes: l want to mix my own fertilizer, and want to use cotton seed and stable manure. My land is a sandy loam with l ed »pebbles. It grows a fine cotton weed, but does not fruit well. I would like to know what kind of materials to use and how to mix. them. If you have any considerable quan tity of yard manure, it will be best for you to apply it under tlte drill row* at the time of planting your crop .rather than attempt to compost it with cotton seed and other materials. You should use as a minimum at least two tons of * yard manure under the drill row. Of course, compost may be pre pared in various ways. You may take, for instance, 1,000 pounds of well-rot ted yard manure, 500 pounds of cotton seed, 300 pounds of high-grade acid phosphate, and 200 pounds of cotton seed meal. This formula thoroughly mixed together and allowed to stand for a few days where it ill be kept moist so as to prevent fire-Tanging, but not exposed to' the rain, where it will be ashed or leached, may be used to very good advantage. You should ap ply it at the rate of about one ton per acre. A half ton may give you fairly good results, but we think this is a light application unless your land is very well supplied with vegetable matter and in a higher state of culti vation than the average farm land of the state. Ordinarily the farmer can dispose of his seed to the mill to bet ter advantage than by using it as fer tilizer. A ton of seed only contains about $11 worth of plant food, while a ton of high-grade cotton seed meal contains at least $25 worth. If you pre fer you may make a compost of the seed as follow’s: 40 bushels of seed, 760 pounds of phosphoric acid, and 50 pounds of muriate of potash. Apply at the rate of one-third to one-half of this mixture per acre. * * • FERTILIZING WINTER-SOWN OATS. R. K. -R.. Talbotton, Ga., writes: Last spring a tw’o-acre patch of land was about ruined from being plowed too wet It is now planted in oats and vetch, but the oats are inclined to turn red and seem to be at a standstill. The vech seems to be doing very well. Would it help any to broadcast cotton seed meal now? The seed cost me $10.40 a ton and it, behooves me to get something from it. may not have been in an available form, and favors the development of certain forms of bacteria essential to the wel fare of growing crops. It may also sup ply calcium to lands in which this ele ment is deficient. Calcium is especially important to such crops as the legume«. If we were applying lime to land in tended for corn and cotton, our thought would be to use one ton per acre of the finely ground raw rock, scattering it over the plowed ground as soon as practicable. In the spring the land should be disked, plowed and bedded after one of several methods and then the fertilizer should be applied under neath the drill row at the time of plant ing the corn and cotton. All of it should not be applied at this time in our judgment, but a part reserved for use as a side application. By this meth od of applying the fertilizer it is not brought in contact with the lime and no injury will be done the fertilizer i through the transformation of the nitro gen it might contain into a form likely to escape into the air before plants can utilize it. The analysis of fertilizer to use under corn and cotton will vary with the character of the soil. On sandy land for corn we would be disppeed to use 10 per cent of phosphorus, 3-5 per cent of nitrogen and 5 to 6 per cent of potash, and for cotton, 9 per cent of phosphorus, 3 per cent of nitrogen and 4 per cent of potash . * * * TANKAGE AS A NITROGEN CARRIER C. S. B., Atlanta, Ga.. writes: I am figuring on fertilizer for my 180-acre farm. I am offered tankage as a sub stitute for cotton seed meal on account of the high price of the latter. The tank age is guaranteed to contain 6.5 per cent of ammonia which I figure to be 5.3 per cent of nitrogen, and also to contain 8 to 10 per cent of phosphoric acid. Is there any objection to using tankage as a base in place of cotton seed meal pro vided the price is acceptable? The ni trate of soda offered is guaranteed at 18 per cent ammonia, which I figure to be 14.76 per cent nitrogen. Is not thi»s low? Is not tankage very variable? in late Irish potatoes, following an early oat crop, and had in mind broadcast ing before plowing the mixture of Thomas phosphate and muriate of pot ash, but not the nitrate of soda. What do you think of my plan? It would be impossible to determine without a sample to examine at first hand what the trouble with your oats may be, but from your description it would seem that they are rusting. This would indicate that they are not of a rust-proof type. In this section it is only advisable to plant, say, the Texas Rust Proof, the Appier or some other of the. strains which have shown abil ity to withstand this trouble. A light application of nitrate of soda, say 50 pounds per acre, might be of benefit to your oats. It is ordinarily not ood practice to put nitrate of soda on in the fall, but the condition of the crop would indicate that something is wrong and that it needs stimulation, and the nitrate of soda will furnish a little ni trogen to reinvigorate the crop and en courage growth more quickly than any other form of material j t ou can apply. The cotton seed meal would be excel lent to use under the oats, but as it is an organic source of nitrogen, we think it is best as a rule to incorporate it with the soil, and it will not act so readily as a crop stimulant as nitrate of soda, which becomes available so much more quickly. . * * * METHODS OF APPLYING LIME. F. R. JP., Moultrie, Ga., writes: Where lime is being used on land prepared for the cultivation of cotton and corn should it be used alone or in connection with other fertilizer? If fertilizens are used, what analysis should they show? Lime will not take the place of fertil izer on the average Georgia soils. Lime, as you probably know, is a soil amend ment and corrective. It overcomes acidity in the soil, helps to set free sup plies of phosphorous and potash which Tankage, as you no*doubt know, con sists of the refuse from slaughter houses and is a general mixture. Its composition is very variable on that ac count. It sometimes contains a consid erable amount of bone, and is then often called bone tankage. As a rule, the fat and gelatine are removed from tankage by treating with super-heated steam, and after drying it is ground and put on the market. Tankage contains ordinar ily about 5 per cent of nitrogen, though it may run as high as 10 per cent, and from 6 to 15 per cent of phosphoric acid. The material upon which you fyave been quoted prices contains, as you have suggested, 5.3 per cent of nitrogen, or at the rate of 106 pounds per ton. A grade of cotton seed meal running 6.18 per cent of nitrogen would contain 135.8 pounds of nitrogen, about 40 pounds of phosphoric acid and about 30 pounds of potash. While tankage will become available somewhat more quickly than cotton se.ed meal, there is not much dif ference in this respect, and the choice of these two materials as a source of nitrogen would be based almost alto gether on the relative price you Would have to pay per ton for available nitro gen, phosphoric acid and potash. We would not hesitate to use either of these materials as the basis of a formula for ordinary farm crops in Georgia. The nitrate of soda referred to con tains about 14.8 per cent of nitrogen as you have -figured out, and is rather low in this element as a good grade runs about 15.S per cent. * * * VALUE OF THOMAS PHOSPHATE. A. G. J., Augusta, Ga., writes: I would like to know what results you have had in . the use of Thomas phos phate. I am thinking of planting ten or fifteen acres in cantaloupes and had in mind a mixture of three-fourths Thomas phosphate and one-fourth mu riate of potash, broadcasting it on the land this winter at the rate of 500 or 600 pounds per acre, and then at plant ing time broadcasting 200 pounds of nitrate of soda. I have also been thinking of planting four or five acres Peaches take more Potash from the soil than any other fruit crop. It has been conclusively proven that flavor and shipping quality are not secured unless there is an adequate supply of POTASH The best growers use from ioo to 200 pounds of Muriate of Potash annually on their orchards in addition to the phosphate. The applica tion of mineral fertilizers should begin when the trees are planted, so as to insure strong wood and early bearing, continuous fruiting and longer bearing period. Most peach orchards starve to death at a time when they should be giving their very best returns. Feed them a bal anced ration and reap the profits. s for . itk for books with formulas and directions. GERMAN KAX.X WORKS, Xno. 42 Broadway, New York Monadnook Block, Chicago Whitney Central Bank Bldjt,. New Orleans iMiV- Bank 8c Trust Bldg., Savannah B/ffib/.y... Empire Bldg:., Atlanta Potash Pays Consider Now what it will cost and how much money you will save on your next season’s fertilizer bill if you should buy your Nitrate of Soda and other Farm Chemicals and mix them yourself. Your own brand MIXED AT HOME will be better than any patent brand and is sure to have in it just what you want. Book of formulas and full instructions for Home Mixing will be sent FREE OF GOST Dr. WILLIAM S. MYERS Director of Chilean Nitrate Propaganda 17 Madison Ave„ New York No Branch Offices Only fair results were obtained from our experiments in the use of Thomas phosphate. The season in which we applied this to our corn was exceed ingly dry and the yields were not as good as they would have been in a more favorable season as to* rainfall. Judging from our experience on the farm, we would probably be ’forced to favor the use of the acid phos phate at the present time. We are in clined to think thq Thomas phosphate will give better results on soils con taining more vegetable matter than the average farm lands of Georgia. We are disposed to think that It would be bet ter for you to use acid phosphate and muriate of potash rather than Thomas phosphate and muriate of potash for cantaloupes. We offer this suggestion On the theory that the phosphorus in acid phosphate will become more quick ly available in the soil than that in Thomas phosphate, and especially will this be true in our judgment on lands suitable for the production of truck crops, such as cantaloupes. Of course, you understand that carriers of phos phorus and potassium may be applied to the soil some time in advance of the crop without serious danger of the available food being leached out of the land. It would not be good practice, however, to make this application too far ahead, especially on lands which do not contain any considerable amount of vegetable matter. Your idea of us ing 600 pounds of phosphoric acid and muriate of potash in the proportions mentioned in your letter under canta loupes we think is a good one. We are inclined to think that you would find it good practice to apply some organic nitrogen under the drill row derived from the blood,' or cotton seed meal, and then use the nitrate of soda as a top dressing in one or two applications as the exigencies of the season would seem to render advisable. We believe you will find the formula advised for cantaloupes quite as satis factory for Irish potatoes, if not more so, than the one your propose using. * * * FERTILIZING GEORGIA TYPE SOILS. W. A. D., Tennille, Ga., writes: I in tend to plant a field of thirty acres or more in corn and fcotton. This field has to the natural eye two distinct characters of soil. Kindly inform me as to the cost of having soil analyzed, and let me know how to proceed in order to have the analysis made. I wish to make good crcps on this land and would like to know the best method of cultivation nd fertilization. VALUE OF DAIRY FARMING TO THE SOIL FERTILITY The Dairy Is One of the Best Methods of Preserving the Soil The cost of having a sample of soil analyzed will probably vary from $10 to $15, depending on the completeness of the analysis which you desire to have made. Ordinarily we hardly think it is necessary to more than determine the nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and lime in the soil. The degree of acidity should also be determined. It is not expensive to have an analysis of this kind made. The colleeg can not undertake to make analysis of this type, however, as we are required by the appropriations given us through the state to undertake a general survey of the state and 9 study of the soils of Georgia. We have studied the qualities of a number of the type soils and have test plats now estab lished on some fourteen or fifteen acres throughout the state from which we are securing data destined to be of the greatest possible value to the farm ers of Georgia. We hope to secure an Increased appropriation from the next legislature for this Important work and extend the scope of our survey very materially. You understand that we are In the closest personal sympathy with your desire for information, and would be glad to serve you Jn any possible way, but I feel that you will appreciate at once the situation in which we are placed with reference to making analy ses for individual citizens. If you care to send us two samples of the soil on your farm with a description of the physical characteristics of both, I think we can give you advice with reference to the management and fertilization of these lands which will be helpful. * * * SUGGESTIONS ON CULTIVATING SUGAR CANE. S. J. M., Manor, Ga., writes: I am planning to raise some sugar cane, and would like to know the best fertilizer for the crop in question. I think there is a fair supply of humus in the soil, as in October I turned under a heavy crop of grass, cornstalks and beggar weeds. I also have a large pile of turf and straw. Which would you advise me to use, lime or potash, to rot the litter? Which is the best for cane, cottoh seed meal or nitrate of soda? No doubt the land on which you desire to grow sugar cane is quite sandy, though you do not say so. If this is the case, it is not likely to be very well supplied with vegetable matter, and if you have incorporated the litter in the soil to a goqd depth by proper plowing, -it will decay in sufficient time to put the ground in good condition for the planting of the cane. We would not advise the use of the lime on this land for the purpose of reducing the litter. We think you will find an application of 9-bout 600 pounds of high grade acid phosphate, 100 pounds of cotton seed meal containing not less than 6.18 per cent of nitrogen, 300 pounds of nitrate of soda and 100 pounds of sulphate of potash a desirable formula to use on sugar cane. This, you will observe, makes an application of 1,100 pounds per acre and the mixture would analyze sometehing like 8 per cenete of avail able phosphorus, 4.5 per ceneet of nitrogen, and 4.5 per cent of potash. It would supply to each acre 86 pounds of available phosphoric acid, 50 pounds of nitrogen and 50 pounds of potash. Ex periments made in your section of the state indicate that this would not be too large an amount of fertilizer to ap ply to a crop which makes such a heavy draft on the soil fertility as sugar cane. We think about half of the formula should be put under the drill row at the time of planting and the balance as a side application some time in late May or early June. It is interesting to note the difference various kinds of farming have upon the fertility of the soil. Just now I am thinking of a farm that was one of the richest of any in this part of the coun try. Located where once oak and hard woods of various*' kinds grew, after it was cleared off, it produced everything man could ask for in the line of grains, fruits and vegetables. For a number of years the owner kept cows and followed general farming. The prices butter brought during the days of the Civil war made th e farmer rich, as farmers go. But he had a great liking for fruit. Fruit did well on his land, and he set out two orchards, both of which yielded well. Then he sold off most of the cows and devoted himself mainly to fruit growing. That was the beginning of the downfall of his land. The soil be gan to fun down nad today ;s one of the poorest farms anywhere around. This last season very little in the way Of hay or grain was produced, and as the orchard has been neglected of late years even that brings in very little money. Now, if th e owner of that farm had kept his cows and his dairy business, his farm would still be a good one. In fact, if somebody would get hold of the place and do a careful dairy business on it again, it would not be many years before the soil fertility would come back and the farm would be a source of good income. The very next farm to this is today so poor in conse quence of bad management that, as the owner once told me, "it would not in phosphorus and it is desired to se cure quick results, we would De inclined to recommend the use of the acid pnos- phate. Where trie soil contains a con siderable quantity of vegetable matter, we are disposed to thin* the ground rock may be used to some advantage. * * ¥ GROWING IRISH AND SWEET PO TATOES . R. B. S., Sylvania, Ga., writes: I wish to experiment with Irish and sweet potatoes, and would aprpeciate very much any information you can give me as to the kind to plant, land best suit ed, fertilizer and amount and method of cultivation. * * * ACID VERSUS ROCK PHOSPHATE. W. A. C., Jacksonville, Ga., writes: I mix my own fertilizer and have been using acid phosphate, but am thinking of using raw rock phosphate, and would like your opinion as to which is the best to use. ’ The advisability of using raw ground phosphate rock in the place of acid phos phate depends very much on the nature of the crop you desire to fertilize and the condition of your soil. We are in clined to think you will secure the best results from acid phosphate if the soil is low in available plant food and you desire to use this material under what may be termed a rather short seasoned crop. If you are in position to apply the raw phosphate to land containing large amount of vegetable matter which has been incorporated therewith through the plowing under of green crops or liberal applications of yard manure, you may anticipate fair results from its use. Of course, you understand that the raw rock contains very consid erable quantities of lime which it is thought to exert a wholesome influence in the soil. Acid phosphate on the oth er hand contains about 1,000 pounds of gypsum per ton, arid this Is no doubt of some benefit to n\uch of our land. Where land ie quite markedly deficient Select for Irish potatoes a good clay loam which contains a fair proportion of sand. The crop revels in a soil well supplied with vegetable matter, but gives its best results on land open enough to drain fairly well. Too sandy soils are likely to suffer from drought caus ing the size and yield of potatoes to be unsatisfactory. Get all the leaves, litter and rich woods earth you can and spread on the land intended for the crop. Plow it under as deeply as pos sible. Of course, if you have a heavy clay subsoil, it wifi not be good prac tice to bring too much of this to the surface. Shallower plowing would be preferable, therefore, on land which has not ’been deeply broken in the past. Leave the land in as rough condition as possible so it will absorb moisture and be pulverized by the freezes lof winter. Just as early in the spring as practicable disk and work down a fine seed bed, open up furrows eight inches deep and about three feet apart, and mix any compost available with the subsoil. If you can secure two tons of this material per acre so much the better, and larger quantities will prove still more satisfactory. Put about 500 pounds of a fertilizer under the drill row containing 9 per cent of phospheric acid, 4 per cent of organic nitrogen de rived from cotton seed meal and sul phate of ammonia, and 9 per cent of potash derived from sulphate of pot ash. Mix the compost and fertilizer well together by means of a bull tongue. Run through the furrow once or twice, and cut the potatoes two eyes to the piece, and plant about sixteen inches to two feet apart in the drill row. Cover to a depth of several inches by means of a plow. As the potatoes begin to spread rake off the top of the furrow, and later on in the season throw the earth toward the potatoes keeping them well banked wtih soil. Spray so as to protect from infestation with bugs. Se lect the Red Bliss or Irish Cobbler as these are two standard sorts for culti vation in Georgia and are early matur ing varieties and find ready sale on the market. We have had excellent suc cess in raising Irish potatoes by this method. Sweet potatoes should be planted on sandy soil. We have often planted this crop after- an early crop of Irish po tatoes have been taken off the ground. The best quality of sweet potatoes are developed on a sandier type of soil than that best adapted for Irish potatoes. Sweet potatoes should, of course, be bedded out and the slips set in rows about three feet wide and twenty-four inches apart in the drill. Fertilize as for Irish potatoes, only use about 700 pounds per acre. A little vegetable mat ter under the drill row for sweet pota toes will be found very helpful. Culti vate both crops frequently and keep free from weeds. Later in the season when the tops spread and develop suffi ciently lay by until harvest. 5 YEAR Guarantee grow white beans any more. I don’t know what I would do if it were not for the white daisies. My cows would go hungry!” But the next farm beyond that is be ing brought up every year by an ener getic young farmer who has recently come into possession of it, and who be gan barehanded and without much ex perience, by using wise business meth ods. The fact of it is, dairy farming is the best way to back up the soil that any man has so far devised, for it is nature’s own method. Some soils can stand to be robbed longer than others. Farms last for years and year their owners plow and harrow and reap and gather into their barns year after year recklessly, seem ing never to stop to think that there must come a time when the bank will be overdrawn. And failure will follow the robbery. If we would stop to think that our farm lands are not like the current of a river, flowing on just so forever ana forever, but rathe like geat reservoirs that can be pumped dry if the engines are kept going long ^enough, we would pay some attention to this great fact of nature and see to it that something is put back to main tain the goodness of our places. What do cows do for soil fertility? They take hay, grain and other stuff produced on the farm and turn it back into the kind of material it was at first, with very little deducted from it. If we need potash, we find it in the manure; and so, too, with phosphorus to a lesser degree. And these are the things most farms need, and many of them need sorely. By feeding differ ent kinds of feed we may make value of the manure our cows produce richer. Careful computations show that every day a cow gives back to the farm from 8 to '10 cents’ worth of, fe 'tility. Not only do do the cows help the farm directly, but they make it possible for us to grow hogs and to keep poultry to better advantage. Today the man who grows a good cow is r puolic ben efactor. Cows are scarce all over the country. In many places they are not to be had at any price. Poor cows there always will be on any market. Dairy ’farming gives us a chance to raise calves and make them into cows. The farm which keeps cows ought not to have a foot of waste land. If it can be used for notning else, it Scrubbing Made Easy Next time you scrub floors, doors, clothes—put some Red Seal Lye in the water and you’ll do the job right—and easier. It makes hard water soft and saves soap. Red Seal Lye eats the dir* up—purifies, cleanses and disinfects. RED SEAL Lye &8% pure dissolved with water cleanses sinks, garbage cans,' water closets, hog pens, etc. Best for soap making—unites better and quicker with fats. Sifting top 'sgar/^; can saves you money. Ask your •torekeeperfor Hod Seal Lye, ^ If he hasn’t it, write us. Valuable book free. P. C. TOMSON A CO. Dept. P, 29 Washington Aye. tHumsl . Philadelphia, Pa. lflK2WA*l Wood’s Seeds For The Farm and Garden. Our New Descriptive Catalog is fully up-to-date, giving descrip tions and full information about the best and most profitable seeds to grow. It tells all about Grasses and Clovers, Seed Potatoes, Seed Oats, Cow Peas, Soja Beans, The Best Seed Corns and all other Farm and Garden Seeds. Wood’s Seed Catalog has long been recognized as a stan dard authority on Seeds. Mailed on request; write for it. T. W. WOOD & SONS, SEEDSMEN, RICHMOND, VA. 1 should be turned into pasture. In ev ery way we look at It, dairy farming is the finest work a man may engage In, and it brings in as much ready money as anything. I know there are thos£ who object to it on the ground that it ties a man up the year around. Yes, but it brings in, ir properly man aged, a steady revenue the year round; and where is a business that does not keep a man busy day after day, if it Is followed successfully. I co hot believe that dairy farming is more confining than the average of occupations in thie country. And we may all take a bit of pride in the fact that we are help ing to feed the world.—Texas Farm and Fireside. EARLIEST BOLL BIG WONDER COTTON AS SHOWN IN PHOTO GET SAMPLE BAG I want yon tofeclifc-wze pho tos of bolls and limbs, and also see whatf armers and offi cials, who tested this cotton in 1912 have t o say. You will open your eyes wide ! Bu t y ou •can't doubt, for the proof is there: Sample bag, freight paid for 90c an acre. 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DANIEL WOOLEN MILLS, Dept 6, 300 Green St„ Chicago $200 per month i 1 pyii C0UU&SE tef ATLANTA JOURNAL INAUGURATION Name of Student Home of Student - Name of College Where located Must Be Voted On or Before JANUARY 27, 1913. CAMPAIGN VOTING COUPON ATLANTA JOURNAL INAUGURATION Name of Student Home of Student , T , Name of School «... Where located Must Be Voted On or Before JANUARY 27, 1913. CAMPAIGN VOTING COUPON AGENT OR CARRIER. ATLANTA JOURNAL INAUGURATION Name of Agent or Carrier Home of Agent or Carrier 'y Name of School attended Where Located Must Be Voted On or Before JANUARY 27, 1913. CAMPAIGN VOTING COUPON