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4 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, UA., TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta rostoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months 75c Six Months 40c Three months 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It lias a staff cf distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. Agents wanted at every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R. BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan. R. F. Bolton. C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid tv the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper show’s the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should* be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. The Business of Agriculture. One of the surest omens of Georgia’s agricu'- tural progress is the vigor with which farmers in various parts of the State are breaking away from the one-crop fetish and are organizing v'itli busi- ness methods for the production of food stuffs and table commodities. From Catoosa county comes an interesting and pointed example. Realizing that their soil is well suited to the growth of strawberries, the farmers of that district have united in a plan to cultivate at least a hun- v . dred acres of berries this season; and the business men of adjacent towns have joined heartily in the movement. A few days ago, when a temporary organization was perfected, more than twenty rep resentative planters were in attendance. They se lected a chairman and a secretary and are proceed ing precisely as would any group of director’ or stockholders engaged in promoting a commercial , - enterprise. They will study not only methods of cultivation, but also methods of shipping and mar keting. In short, they will apply to their farming interests the same principles that make a merchant, a banker or a manufacturer successful. When such ideas are put into practice through out Georgia, th e lot of the average farmer will he truly independent and the prosperity of the people as a whole will he vastly multiplied. The material welfare depends primarily upon the net value of ———the-Tsrodttcte~0f rts-soit. Within the past decade Or so, remarkable progress has been made in the science of agriculture; and as a result the commonwealth is growing continually richer. The great task and opportunity of the present decade is the business of agriculture. When men plant intelligently and mar ket profitably, then their own good fortune and that of their State are assured. There are many evidences that Georgia is be coming more and more businesslike in its methods of agriculture. The instance of the Catoosa farmers is paralleled by others in different sections of the State. Only a fdw days ago a number of progressive planters in Tift county - formed a truck growers’ association for the purpose of producing trusk gar den products on an extensive scale and of market ing them to the best advantage. These 'principles which have been taught so earnestly by agricultural colleges and by the Farm ers’ Educational and Co-operative Union are begin- ing to yield definite and substantial results. The day of lielter-skel er, slipshod cultivation is passing. The day .of unbusiness farming is nearing its end. The hazard of depending upon a single crop and 4 tbe. folly of neglecting the varied possibilities of the soil are being more and more fully realized. The value and tne need of organization, of co operation in farming interests is coming vividly to light. These are the figns of enduring progress. 'These are the ideas and the forces that will bring forth the vast treasure wh’eh nature has stored in Geor gia’s soil and sun. Mr. Bryan and the Cabinet. Discussions Concerning Mr.' Bryan and the per sonnel of the Wilson cabinet hinge largely on rumor and surjnise. There has been no official or authen tic announcement that he -has accepted or has been offered the portfolio of Secretary of State. It is entirely credible, however, that he will head the new cabinet; and, if so, the trust will have been wisely and worthily bestowed. Froin some of Mr. Bryan’s views in years gone by, The Journal, in company with many other Demo crats, has found it necessary to dissent. But no o«e has ever had reason to doubt his abundant gifts as a statesman or to question his virile devotion to the party and the country. He has been Democracy’s faithful leader through seasons of discouragement and defeat. He has been the pathfinder for many political reforms that are already established and for others that are yet to be wrought into effect. That this leadership and service should be duly rec ognized in the hour of the party’s triumph and re sponsibility would be only natural and just. We believe that as Secretary of State Mr. Bryan would be of distinctive value and credit to the in coming administration. He is an international figure. He is trained by travel in every part of the world and by a liberal study of all governments. His diplomacy is at once keen and candid. Indeed, there is no American better equipped for the high duties of this office and there is no. station in the country’s public affairs more peculiarly suited to Mr. Bryan’s talents. Rural Health Inspection. The need of a thoroughgoing system of public health inspection in rural districts is cogently set forth by Dr. Charles F." Bolduan in the current issue of the American Practitioner. Fully a fourth of all the typhoid infection known in cities, says Dr. Bolduan, who as an official in the health depart ment of New York City has had exceptional oppor tunities for observation, is tracable to rural sources; indeed, it is his opinion that a half would be a truer estimate. Such evidence shows that the interests of the people as a whole, those in the cities as well as in the country, demand more careful and vigorous measures for rural sanitation. In matters of public health, the fortunes of all districts are inseparably bound together. Such problems cannot be treated as being merely local. It is the duty of the State to s'e to it , not only in times of epidemic or emer gency but. constantly and uniformilv, that the health of each commuinty is protected against possible con tagion. The definite and practical need, as Dr. Bolduan sees it, is that there should be in each county a competent and well paid official to administer health statutes, to inspect and conserve, to safeguard the people against sources of disease and to educate public sentiment along proper lines. "The science of public hygiene,” he says, “has developed enormously in recent years and it is illogical to expect a local practicing physi cian, busy with all the details of a local country practice, to keep in touch tcith the achievement of modern public health work. *In addition to this, his status as a general practicing physician to the community often places him at a decided disadvantage in the en forcement of proper public health measures. The ressult is that rural public health adminis tration in the country is, to a large extent, in efficient. What is needed is a reform of our present methods; we should have trained offi cials sufficiently paid to obviate the necessity of their practicing, and each administering, rather autocratically, a given district. This method of administration has been attended with pronounced success in Germany and in England, and there is no reason why it cannot be, adapted to work equally well here." A bill providing for an adequate system of health inspection in Georgia’s rural districts was introduced at the last session of the Legislature but was never brought to passage. It is much to be hoped that the same or a similar measure will be revived and passed next summer. A Democratic Senate. The election of Willard Saulsbury, a Democrat, as United States senator from Maryland, assures Democratic control in both houses of Congress after March the fourth. This is fortunate for the country. With the executive and the legislative branches of the Government accorded to {he same policies, the people may expect workmanfy ant definite results. The exact alignment of the Senate has heretofore been some doubtful. Sixty-three senators out of the entire membership of ninety-six hold terms that extend beyond March the fourth; and of these, thirty-two are Republicans and thirty-one Democrats. But the balance of power will come from the thirty- two members who are to take the oath of office at the beginning of the Wilson administration. In this group, eighteen of those thus far elected are Demo crats, so that the Democratic strength will be forty- nine votes, to which may be added that of the Vice- President, making fifty. This is not a very spacious margin of control but, if the party stands united, it will suffice to carry out a practical program, however solidly the opposition may stand. Nor is it in any wise to be expected that there will be a compact, single-minded opposition in the Senate. The so-called Insurgent Republicans, like La Follette, are in sympathy with the purpose of many Democratic measures, and they have so voted at crucial moments during the present Congress. If they remain consistent, it will be rea sonable to count upon their support for at least some* of the important legislation yet to be ad vanced. Senatorial contests still exist in the Legislatures of New Hampshire, West Virginia and Illinois. It is likely that from these quarters, the Democrats will recruit new strength. However that may be, an effective plurality is already assured. A Horseless Age? Whoever fancies that the automobile is dooming the horse to oblivion along with the dinosaur and the dodo, or at least to a minor place in the W'orld’s work and commerce, should note a recent report of the federal Department of Agriculture. According to these figures there are today some fifty-eight thoiisand more horses and twenty-four thousand more mules on the country’s farms alone than there were in January a year ago; and the value of these animals has increased w’thin the twelvemonth over a hundred and twenty-five million dollars. The widening demand and use of motor vehicles Ms truly marvelous. They are playing a larger and more practical part in rural districts as well as»ui towns and cities. They are ploughing the soil, reap ing the autumn fields, pumping water from the spring or well and in divers ways are urbanizing the life of the farm. Despite all this, however, the horse not only holds his own but is also multiplying and, we may trust, prospering as never before. The decade between 1900 and 1910 has been well described as an era of the automobile. Within that period motor machines were perfected and were placed within the reach of average incomes. Yet, within that same period the ..umber of horses and colts in this country increased from twenty-one mil lion to more than two billion and their aggregate value from one billion to two billion dollars. This record is due part, of course, to the nation’s general development, especially in matters of agriculture, hut it is none the less an evidence of the substantial demand for horses. Is it not a pleasing reflection that tlRs good ani mal, which has accompanied and befriended man on his long and arduous journey up the road of civilza- tion and has played s- distinctive a part in his his tory and romance, is still vital in human affairs and proof against the encroachments of a mechanical age. The lazy man will blame it on the tariff. Building Up Georgia Towns. The foKsightcd citizens of Lithonia, which is one of Atlanta’s nearest and pleasantest neighbors, have organized a board of trade with the purpose of improving and developing their town. The popu lation of Lithonia is not lar-ge, but its resources are particularly abundant and, with a civic spirit such as a progressive board of trade tan arouse and di rect, it will forge rapidly forward. The new organ ization will exploit Lithonia’s chief asset, its granite supply, of which there is said to be enough to pave and curb ail the principal cities of the United States. Besides this, it will work for many munici- p'al improvements and endeavor to advance in every way the community’s interests. This is an, example which every Georgia town will do well to follow, if it has not already launched a similar enterprise. Among the business men of every community, thcr sh.ould be some form of co operation, some means of awakening and utilizing a public spirit. , There are few towns in this State that are with out some native advantage which,, if fostered and given publicity, would attract home seekers and in vestors. Through a board of trade or a chamber of commerce or any association, whatever its name may be, this opportunity can be turned to account and made to yield substantial results for the indi vidual citizen as well as for the community as a whole. The important fact is that the individual can rarely prosper unless he helps and is helped by his fellows. There is no more cheering sign of Georgia’s progress today than the growth of her towns which range from a few thousand lo twenty thousand or more in population. It is the thrift and the buoy ancy of these rather than the strides of the larger cities which show the splendid development of the commonwealth. This growth is due mainly to the fact that in each of these vigorous towns citizens are working shoulder-to-shouldei for the common interests, and are lettihg the country know the re sources that are to be found in their midst. At the expense of being considered bromidic, we want to go on record as preferring cold weather in season. / William Rockefeller plays golf just as if the gov ernment was concerned about locating him. The Income Tax Amendment. There are bright prospects that the constitutional amendment permitting Congress to levy a federal income tax will be ratified by early spring or cer tainly not later than the coming summer. The leg islatures, of thirty-five States have already approved the amendment, so that only one more favorable vote is needed. There are eight States yet to take action and in several of them the legislature is now in session. No one doubts that among these, the ad ditional support necessary to make the amendment effective will be forthcoming. Democratic leaders are naturally eager that the process of ratification be completed ag soon as possi ble; for, with the new source of revenue which an income tax would make available, the task of tariff reduction would be simplified. It is not the purpose of the new administration to inaugurate an era of free trade ? indeed, such a purpose could not be enter- t^inpd, for Under existing conditions the expenses of the federal government must be borne largely by duties collected at the ports. Rut it is the Demo- ocratic policy to fix these duties in accordance with the government's needs rather than in accordance with the wishes of special interests. The tariff, in short, is to be used for the good of the country, not abused, as it has been, for the undue advantage of a privileged few. This policy can be carried into effect with greater ease and assurance when the proposed income tax is made possible. Such a tax will be eminently just to all interests. , It will provide that wealth shall bear its due portion of the nation’s expense. It will equalize and lighten the burdens upon the aver age citizen. It is to 1 be hoped that the remaining vote necessary to make the amendment operative will soon be cast. Omens of Prosperity. The Pennsylvania railroad, one of the greatest systems of its kind in America or in the world, an nounces that in the immediate future it will spend sixteen million dollars for new equipment and facilities. That is a weighty and cheering omen of the country’s business. It will be half a year or more • before the orders for the new cars and other stock can be filled; evidently, then, the management of Jthe Pennsylvania is convinced that commerce and industry, far from slackening, will move steadily and prosperously forward. There was never any reason oncl there is no longer even a pretense for suspecting that the ap proaching change in political affairs will hinder, or in any wise discourage, business development. Stock markets may show occasional flurries, but the main channels of trade and enterprise are flowing tran quilly and full. As the AVashington Post observes, “the orders of the big steel and iron compaines and all other manufacturing industries are booked a year ahead.” The sustaining and stimulating effect of the vast harvests of 1912 is still evident. In cer tain localities of the South, where crops were short, there has been a sense of temporary depression; but this is rapidly lifting and, as for the country as a whole, it was never in a more hopeful mood. The truth is thoughtful men in all pursuits and ail parties realize that the purpose of the Wilson ad ministration is pre-eminently constructive; that the plan of Democracy is not to disturb any legitimate interest, but on the contrary to open the way more widely for every rightful enterprise and to lay more deeply than ever the foundations of real prosperity. Will the War Begin Again? Though the delegates to the London peace confer ence, both the Turks and those of the Allies, are packing their ^aggage for home, the sentiment of The larger European powers is still earnestly bent upon concord. The belligerents, to be sure, have announced, pretty much as though they were booking a theatri cal performance, that the war will begin anew promptly at seven-thirty o’clock next Wednesday morning. But the diplomacy of the continent is exerting itself to the utmost to prevent a resumption of hos tilities. Pressure is being brought to bear upon the Balkan States as well as upon the Porte; and, if Europe definitely makes up its mind, that the war shall end, it probably will. The Cellars of Peace By Dr. Frank Crane Every man has a double personality, sometimes triple or quadruple. The soul is not like a city flat, all on one floor, but like an oldfashioned house, with several stories, attic and cellar. . -VS What is going on in the upper story of your mind is no evidence of what is going on downstairs. I may be light and gay on the parlor floor and broken-hearted in the lower room. The clown In the circus cuts his capers and makes his grimaces to the howl ing delight of the spectators, while in the inner soul of him may be weeping and bitter trag edy. There are persons who appeal* successful and wear the easy smile of prosperity, and all the while they are like some slave ship where there is feasting and dancing on deck, and in the hold are chained wretches dying in horror. They would not let their best friend know, they try to conceal even from God the hideous, irresistible lust3, the fires of self-scorn, the agony o/ spiritual failure, that are within them. Then, also, there are those whose outward life seems hard, yet whose inward life is peace and tri umph. I have such a woman in my mind’s eye. She Is broken in body and i*i fortune. It seems as if fate, luck, destiny, and all the relentless rulers of events, had played with her as cruelly as a cat plays with a mouse, driving life out of her by ever swift and new blows. She is crippled by rheumatism, so that the joints of her fingers are swollen like marbles. Her legs are paralyzed; she must sit all day in her chair. Reading is the solace of the prisoners of most dis eases, but her eyes have failed until she can see the printed page no more. Her husband was killed in J* railway accident. He was a good man. Her son was bad, and lived on, irresponsible, weak and cowardly, • bringing only burning misery to the heart he should have rewarded with gratitude. She had been a proud woman, with the sweet, wholesome pride of self-re spect, yet she as now forced to live upon the charity of neighbors. • v To the fc .f privileged to know* her she is a miracle. Here you would look for bitterness, if anywhere. But instead you find her brave, meeting e/ch gray dawn with smiling courage, marching into each lowering twilight with stellar faith. The upper story of her life is wrecked and despoiled by all that a vicious fate could do to her. But be neath in her soul are the cellars of peace. Down where th e treasures of life are, all is cle£n and fragrant and in order. She loves, while the-fattened favorites of fortune hate. She believes, while they that fare sumptuously every day doubt. She smiles, while the darlings of health and wealth weep. She is interested, while the strong and prosperous are bored. She encourages youth, while others sneer. At bottom all joy is courage, all complaint is cow ardice. To the hero there is no tragedy. He makes of ca lamity a dramatic beauty; to him the cross of sham® becomes a sign of triumph. When I think of this woman of whom I have spo ken, I am ashamed. Aerograms From Antiquity I BY EDWARD J. COSTELLO BOSTON, Mass., Jan. 28, A. D. 1848.—A strange apparatus,, which, it is said, will entirely revolutionize that favorite household industry, the making of men's wearing apparel arid women's dresses, was placed on private exhibition here yesterday afternoon. If this modern marvel does one-tenth of what is confidently expected for it, by its inventor, there will be, indeed, a wonderful change in domestic industry, but from the report of those who pritnessed its operation, the in ventor is duly optimistic. This inventor until recently was a poor mechanic, employed in a local machine shop, and h e calls his invention a sewing machine. His name is lilies Howe, and he is an enthusiast who says ridicule cannot dis courage him in the belief that he is yet to reap a fortune of millions through this aforesaid sewing machine. Whether or not he will, the future must de- tmine, but certain it Is that he deserves success. Howe has been engaged on the machine for five years, at the same time supporting himself by his work in the shop. His spare moments were devoted to his invention, and in May of last year he completed it. He was unable to produce the finished model he exhibited yesterday, however, until he had received pecuniary aid from George Fisher, with whom he formed a partnership. An effort will be made immediately to procure a patent on the machine, but in this Howe expects to en counter much opposition. The artisans of Boston are almost unanimously against the machine because It is a labor-saving device, which they claifti will re sult in hundreds of people being thrown out of work. Howe answers the argument by saying his inven tion will simply keep women at home, where they will employ their leisure hours in making all sorts of fan cy articles, trousseaus and. clothes for themselves, their children and tlieir husbands. While he is obtain ing his patent, be hopes td ba employed as a railroad engineer, because he thinks it will be a long time be fore he can realize any substantial returns from the machine. Another difficulty he faces is the fact that men with money, who might finance the invention, are keeping conspicuously aloof from him. It is said the first sewing machine was made by Thomas Saint, an Englishman, who patented it July 17 1790. Though of wood It resembled Howe’s ma chine, in that it had an overhanging arm, vertical reciprocating needle, and a hole was punched in the ^ base for the needle to pass through. The machine, however, was not a success. Who’s said to be the gent who put auld Scootland on the map? (Your honor, Skibo’s laird excepts—and Bobbie Burns mayhap). Who tops the bill that closes with a moving picture reel — and sings of bonnie lassies and of lads that love them weel? Who's strong for all that hoot mon talk, because it gets the y e n, and so who never sim ply “knows,’’ but always says “I ken,?” Who dares old Andy C o m- stock every time he does the fling, for twixt the an kle and the knee he does no't wear a toms- .— gives King George the slip, who'll be its president, if vaudeville can cast the vote? That Harry Lauder gent. “I’ll acknowledge U at I skid worse than an au tomobile does,” reflected the poor horse with the smooth, wornout shoes, making another vain effort to get up from the slushy pavement, “but I never explode a tire.”—Cnicago Inter Ocean. The Republic of China V. CONCLUDING THE LOAN By Frederic J. Haskin Before replying to the proposal of Premier Tang Shao Yi to flqat a loan of $300,000,000, the Six Power group looked the situation over carefully, for it must b© remembered that they are bankers and business men. De spite the chaos that prevailed in China, regardless of the neb ulous form of Its government, they had been asked to lay a bond selling proposition before the world. In the first place, while prepared to advance sums from their own strong boxes, under certain conditions, they' deemed it very unwise to even attempt to sell new Chinese bonds at that time. They would have been sold so low tliatoth- .er Chinese bonds already on the market would have slumped. * * * If the group undertook to advance a large amount of money immediately they would have had to discount treasury bills. These they would have been forced to keep, or try to sell to such few clients as would take them. As to th e salt gabelle, the bankers held that it would be safe security only when administered by foreigners. The annual returns from this salt tax are estimated at $30,000,000 per annum, whereas, under foreign coir* trol, it could amount to at least twice as much. After the relief of Pekin in 1898 a provisional government of foreigners was organized to direct £he affairs of the city of Tientsin until order should be restored. The French consul general was chairman of this civil com mission and the secretary was Mr. Denby, the Ameri can consul *general. Under this foreign administra tion One station turned in as much from the salt tax in six months as the whole district did in a ye^r when the Chinese were in control. A similar experiment was tried at Tsingtao, and the receipts were six times as much as they had been before in the same length of time. Consequently, the Six Power group decided that the huge loan Tang Shao Yi requested could be given only on the following terms: * * • V First. That the group should have the right to sat isfy as to the purposes for which funds were re quired. • • * Second. That China should itself create a system of audit in which foreigners should be employed with powers not merely advisory, but also executive, so as to insure the effective expenditure of funds borrowed fofi the purposes specified. • • « Third. That, the salt taxes to be hypothecated for the service of this loap should be administered either by the existing maritime customs organization or by a separate Chinese service like the customs, however, under foreign direction, thus safeguarding the proper administration of the security despite the possible continuation or recurrence of unsettled conditions in China. • • • Fourth. That the group should take the first se ries of the loan of $300,000,000 at a fixed price, and should be assured an option on the subsequent series at a price to be based on the market quotation of the first issue, thus giving China the benefit of any im provement in her credit. • • e - i Fifth. That to protect the quotation of bonds is. sued and to assure a successful marketing of subse quent series China should not borrow through other groups until after the entire loan of $300,000,000 had been issued. \ * »* * “Sixth. That for a period of five years China should appoint the group its financial agents to assist the administration in its work of reorganization.” • • * On July 9 these terms were rejected on the ground that they were unreasonable from the Chinese point of view. But the crying need for cash did not abate and two weeks later, or thereabouts, the group was approached in regard to the issuing of a small $50,000,- 000 loan, with immediate advances. Deeming this sum entirely 1 inadequate for the amelioration of China, the bankers refused. In the meantime disaffected and un paid troops continued to desert, riot, burn and loot ip various parts of the country. • • * Probably the majority of the high officials in the capital city of Pekin honestly believed the demands of the Six Power group to be excessive. One member of the cabinet said: “I would rather have my country die by slow starvation than to be quickly strangled." • * * This view was also held by the majority of the members of the national assembly, really the provision al congress. They felt that the terms of the. group were tantamount to dire financial bondage, and were deeply insulted over the stipulation that the salt ga belle be controlled by foreigners and that European and American auditors and inspectors be picketed to watch and direct the expenditure of the money that the Six Power group would advance from time to time. This inference of incompetence and inexperience, even possible dishonesty, wounded the pride of the Enthusi astic, patriotic, and in many instances extremely able young - men who found themselves in power by virtue of the successful revolution. The feeling spread throughout the provinces, and the native press, now a great factor, in Chinese affairs, lined up solidly bi hind the cabinet and the national assembly. On the other hand, the foreign press in China was almost as unanimously in favor of th c modus operand! sug gested by the Six 'Power group. Not" a few influen tial Chinese, especially those who had had business and financial experience, favored the plan of the in ternational bankers, but discretion made for silence in the face of the extremely hostile public opinion that then prevailed. * * * The American section of the group, and the‘United States government which backed it up, acting in per fect accord with Great Britain, France, Germany, Rus sia and Japan, came in for special criticism. They were lampooned for consenting to be a part of this great octopus* of finance which would bind the new re- Rublic hand and foot, as they thought. It was pointed out, and many public spirited American citi zens gave their- indorsement, that the United States it self was no model of financial regularity* in its tod dling days, and that but for indulgent France the baby republic probably would not have survived. The point of view of the American members of thc group in this regard was set forth later by William D. Straight, who was the Pekin agent of the American section until last April. In answering this argument he spoke as follows in the course of an address on the Chinese loan negotiations, delivered at Clark univer sity, Worcester, Mass., on November 14, 1912: “The comparison, however, is not justifiable, for it should be remembered that when our Federal govern ment was first established there was no large public debt, while the resources ol’ the young American re public were enormous. The funds secured from abroad during our revolution, and immediately follow ing its conclusion, had been advanced by the French government, not so much with the idea of assisting the struggling colonies as for the purpose of emljar- ras-ing Great Britain. Only when Alexander Hamil ton had reorganized the finances of the country, se curing the assumption by the Federal government cf the larger part of thc debt of the states, and after he had put the administration of the treasury department on a sound basis, were the United States able to bor row, from foreign bankers on satisfactory terms. The mimstry of finance in Pekin, however, is still operat ing on lines scarcelv* comfortable to our ideas of a business administration, despite thc efforts of able men like Dr. Chen Chin Tao, while the republican government has assumed the obligations of its impe rial predecessor for which the revenues of China are to a very large degree already hyvothecated, and for the sevice of which they are at the present time in sufficient.” /