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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months 7 oc Six months 40e Three months 26c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early ^delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a stafr of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home ar^d the farm. Agents wanted at every postoffice. Liberal com* , mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R. BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only graveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim broughs and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the ab^yg named'traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two w r eeks before the date on^ this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention iyour old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. Reducing Cotton Acreage. A timely warning against the over-production of cotton is sounded by Mr. E. J. Watson, commissioner of agriculture for South Carolina and president the Southern Cotton Congress. A glutted marke as he declares, would spell low prices and would react with distressing effect not only upon the farmer hut upon every field of our economic interests. The relations between the supply and the demand for cotton are fortuitious; the need for food products, on the contrary, is a certainty. The planter who rests all his hope on cotton is building upon treach erous sands; he who makes ample provision for corn and other such necessaries chooses the solid rock. The reduction of cotton acreage is important not so much within itself as is its bearing upon the broader interests of agriculture. The essential thing is not to cultivate less land but to devote more land and energy to the production of food crops. It is the monopoly of cotton at the expense of other in terests, which more directly concern the larder and the home, that makes an excessive cotton crop peril ous. Georgia has been spending millions and millions of dollars in distant sections for corn and live stock and kindred supplies, which could bfe produced far more cheaply and just as easily at home. The profits of what has been regarded as the chief money crop have thus been diverted to the purchase of food ne cessities. Such a policy is shortsighted and extrav agant. It neglects the State’s natural resources at their pgist vital points and leads toward agricultural slavery. ■ > There are cheering indications, howeve'r, that the appeals for prudence in the matter of cotton acreage are finding a wider and heartier response. It is natural that this should be the case as the gospel of scientific j and progressive agriculture is, more and more widely proclaimed. The diversification of crops and the use of intensive methods are after all simply good business and common sense- applied to the all important problems of the soil. The Balkan War Wears-to an End. It now seems that the Balkan war must be fought to a finish. Turkey appealed to the Powers some weeks ago for mediation but at the same time it in sisted that they support its claim to the retention of Adrianople. This being one of the most impor tant, if not the main, issue of the conflict, the Pow ers naturally declined to commit themselves; and, so, for the present at least the way toward peaceful negotiations is barred. The Allies are a- firm in their purpose to take Adrianople as Turkey 1 is to keep it. They would consider no terms of settlement which prejudged their case on this point. They contend that since the breaking-off of the London peace conference, their strategic position is stronger than it was be fore and that hence their claims are better warranted. This logic of events, the Powers could not well deny; and since Turkey is still unyielding they have no avenue toward restoring peace. There is small likelihood, however, that the war will last a great while longer. As the dispatches indicate, fighting is limited to skirmishes at points along the front and the severity, of the weather makes military operations 1 on an extensive scale well nigh impossible. These circilmstances might seem to favor the Turks, but whenever a decisive blow is struck it will come from the Allies and any consid erable stroke will probably be decisive. The Ottoman treasury is exhausted, the Ottoman army is disheartened and demoralized. The Gov ernment faces sharp and bitter dissension at home. Adrianople is cut off from reinforcements and the ebbing strength with which it now withstands the siege cannot be renewed. The fall of that city ap pears to be simply a question of time and its con quest will sweep away the last vestige of Turkey’s claims before Europe. A few months ago the larger Powers were eager for mediation. They feared that'continued strife in the Balkans would jeopardize their peaceful relation ships. But this apprehension 1 no longer exists. Ger many and England are on better terms today than for many seasons past and whatever mistrust arose between Austria and Russia has been banished. The "Powers are, therefore disposed to let the Balkan situation adjust itself, even though the process of war be slow and tedious. They evidently foresee that Turkey -will soon be forced to terms and then through their concerted efforts this long-knotted problem can be untangled. , -I •The colonel is still given to the letter writing habit. Exploiting the Unknown. A humorist predicts that American tourists, with their insatiate desire for new sights and new wan derings, will soon make the North Pole a famous summer resort. Be that as It may, the arctic zone is undoubtedly engaging popular interest and is re garded with fewer shivers than it was a decade ago. Far from being the insufferable region pictured in old'tales of adventure, it is now represented as a land of invigorating climate where the inhabitants live snugly and contentedly enough and where the visitor finds abundant cheer. Among recent reports of the Eskimo country, those by Stefansson, the renowned explorer, are particu larly enlightening. Writing in the monthly bulle tins of the American Geographical Society, he dis pels "many prejudices that have clung to arctic life. The weather, he declares, is less crabbed than that of populous centers of civilization farther south, Man itoba, for instance; and he has felt worse blizzards in' western States of America than he ever encoun tered in the arctic. Furthermore, acording to his testimony, the social condition of the natives is in no wise benighted qr pitiable. ‘‘One who knows where to look for misery in New York,” he writes, “can find more want of food and raiment, more of the evils resulting from dirt and foul air, within a fifteen-minutes’ walk of Broadway than he can in fifteen hundred miles east ward along the coast from Point Hope, Alaska.” The houses of the Eskimo he describes as well warmed and also as well ventilated. They are heated to a temperature of seventy or eighty degrees Fahrenheit and on the coldest nights the family, dressed in flimsy negligee, lounge as comfortably as they would in a modern’ flat or hotel. Food- is plen tiful, or at least it was so in the territory which Stefansson explored; he cites one point far in the interior where for severity-five years there has been riTVecord of a famine. The children are merry, the dpeoft^as a whole are blithe and, though untouched by civilization as we know it, their condition is any- thiri§@»ut depressing. There was never a time when geopraphy and its related sciences- effered so tempting a field for re search and speculation as today. No explorer need weep for new worlds to discover. There are nooks and by-ways which Sinbad himself would find well worth a journey; for, though the brilliant era of voyaging which possessed the world some five hundred years can never again be matched, there are islands and far-away lands still to be adventured; there are vast spaces, now comparatively unknown, which civiliza tion will yet turn to account. It was not a great while ago when the tropics were supposed to be for the most part uninhabitable by northern races, and almost impenetrable. But one after another the jungles are being cleared and fitted for residence and commerce and government. Even the Panama canal zone was regarded as a well nigh impossible place of sojourn, except for peo ple born and bred to its climate. It was infested with perils to health and life. But medical and sanitary science has converted it into a healthful abode. Its fevers have been banished, its dangers overcome and in time, It will be a populous and thrifty corner of the earth. The French and Italians and Germans are plan ning to do in the northern and interior parts of Africa what the Lnglish have already done in the southern and northeastern parts of the Dark Conti nent. Bold engineers go so far as to declare that the Sahara itself can be reclaimed. Capitalists have been interested in projects to build railway or trolley lines through the dense forests and to establish new qc.ean traffic connections between obscure Africafi harbors and the countries of South America. The continual press of civilization demands/ that new resources, new opportunities for labor and en terprise he exploited; arid of the crowded Old World, tms Is particularly true. It may be long centuries in arriving, but the development of the earth’s remote places seems in time inevitable. 1 Slightly Reassuring. So changeable and treacherous are conditions in Mexico that the hopes of one hour may be belied the next. The . resident of today may be the pris oner of tomorrow and a seeming lull of peace may be simply an interlude in which still fiercer acts are being mounted. In so far as outward appearances mean anything, however, they are now somewhat reassuring. The provisional government, though stained with the blood of the unfortunate Madero, shows/ an iron pur pose to restore order; and if there is one quality above all others which a responsible Mexican govern ment must possess in the present. crisis it is that cf uncompromising firmness against outlawry and re bellion. j Whatever may have been the sins of the old dic tator, Diaz, he had the one virtue that held property fairly secure and enabled his government to do busi ness with the wor.d. His methods were questionable and his policies were not those on which a republic can grow in freedom and prosperity. But Diaz, until his last trembling season of authority, did one im portant thing afi least—he “held down the lid.” That is the immediate need in Mexico today. Be fore the country can take thougnt or counsel con cerning the future of its government, it must be relieved of the imminent peril of anarchy. The ban dits that have robbed and pillaged under the mask of a revolution must be stamped out. The adven turers who are seeking to prolong present conditions for their own gain must he put out of the way, how ever drastic the means required. If the Huerta regime can accomplish this, it will have rendered substantial service, however crooked Its own path to power may have been. Internal revenue reports indicate that the price of drinking is still high. “Why is Atlanta?” Because it’s the town that took the dust out of industry. Women are winning through the west, a dispatch declares. Also in the east and south. Improving the Parcel Post. There is cause for keen interest and satisfaction in the announcement that, beginning March the first, the “immediate delivery” system will be extended to parcel post mail. The fee for this special service will be ten cents, the amount now charged for the immediate delivery of letters. This will add much to the convenience and gen eral usefulness of the parcel post. It will prove par ticularly valuable in the mailing of perishable com modities; and in this connection it should encourage direct interchange between producers and consuriiers. The parch! post is by no means a perfebted serv ice nor could it be expected to become so within the first few months of its experimental stage. But it is steadily developing. Awkward or unnecessary rules are being dropped and new advantages are be ing added; among the latter, the introduction of the immediate delivery system is especially welcome. THE ESSENTIAL S By Dr. Frank Crane The most marked trait that distinguishes the strong from the weak is the ability to see what is essential and what is non-essential. The power of the artist is first of all the power of choice, his ability to se lect from the bewildering com plexities of life the one thing that is meaningful. The modern realistic novel lacks this power. All facts are of equal importance. The slop jar in the house is as worthy to b© described as a woman’s soul. Hence the dreary, intolerable commonplaces and tjie feeling of ennui, tediousness aind cynicism of the average novel published by Tauchnitz. The cheap reds and yellows of Mrs. Holmes and The Duchess of a former day were better than the sick drabness, the hopeless ness and sadness of many mod ern authors. Th e former had at least some selee- ti. . power. Every great passion is selective. Love chooses, emphasizes. Religion has the same blessed quality of disproportion. Homer, Dante, Victor Hugo, every undying au thor, has been like the Parthenon at Athens or the Catheral at' Cologne, not like the world is or was, but like the world wants to be. Men are inspired by soaring ideals; they are dead ened by the pitiful commonplace. The master* merchant differs from the peddler chiefly in his power to grasp essentials. And the strong, victorious life has the same gift, the skill to choose what is worth while. “The doctor’s o i the phone, Ben,” called the Plod der’s wife from the dining room door, “and he seems in a hurry.’* * “What’s that?’’ the Plodder challenged sharply in response to the doctor’s abrupt query. “Did I figure out that what? Say! why don’t you tackle somebody your size? What do you take me for—a punchin’ bag? What the deuce do I care about ) Hello!” . There was no answer; the doctor had hung l up. • The Plodder stood muttering until Molly sternly reminded him that his remarks were not wholly ap propriate for a mixed audience, mainly children, ,aud it was not until after dinner that he found oppor tunity to do the subject justice. “Why does that cuss pester me with his tommy rot?” he demanded sav agely. “ ‘Don’t you let any one fool you, Ben,’ he says, ‘that this our native land has no Fixed Foreign Pol icy. It’s got the slickest scheme in that line of crime since Noah cornered animal life!* “I’m takin’ no chances, so I just sat and waited.. ‘Other countries,’ he says, ‘sends goods across the oceans on long-winded trips around the' world and calls it Foreign Trade. But Uncle Sam beats ’em to* a fricassee—he coaxes the world into his own little paradise by the immigration route and trades with it here!’ “I wasn’t anywhere’s near hep, but I looked wise and he goes on. ‘Fourteen million foreign borns,’ he says, ‘right on your own premises, buyin’ -goods of your own “Company Store” at skylimit C. O. I). prices beats fourteen huhdred million people located all over the globe, buyin’ odds and ends at long- range and short-competing figures and payin’ when they please! Foreign tr^dej Gosh!’ he says, ‘Just . add 4 to the value of stuff TTncle Samuel actually does ship out every year as ballast* or by mistake the gilt-edged, buy-or-l : reeze and buy-or-starve trade lie does her© inside the barrier with the fourteen million foreigners that have come over to take part in the greatest show on earth and you’ve got something! Figure it up yourself, J3en,’ he says, ‘at, say, two hundred per, and—and you might add something handsome for the twenty million more born here while their foreign parents have been waitin' for the show, to come off! Say! if all that bunch of thirty-four million people'* now here were scattered around across the sea somewhere and sent us as much O. N. M. as they spend of our own dollars right here in our own turnover—why, hang it all, Ben, ’twould bankrupt the outside world in eighteen months!’ “‘What’s O. N. M.?’ he echoes, I havin’ meekly asked. ‘O. N. M.,’ he says, ‘is the Knight Templar grade of O. P. M. Othert People’s Money is velvet,’ he says, ‘but Other Nations’ Money is duchess lace! And that’s where the slick work comes in in this our special brand of Foreign Policy-—it’s noble, Ben! Altruistic! Besides being ( as profitable as, according to c) ur lights, it seems wise and prudent to make it! The Emperor of Germany, the Czar of Russia, the Pope, the Mikado, and all the other high muck-a- mucks, together with their subjects, executors and assigns, know that if Uncle Sam actually got busy he could do just that very thing—bankrupt the rest of the world—and he DON’T! And that, Ben Plod der, is Altruism! Now, ain’t you glad to ante \your four huhdred and four plunks a year in such a game?’ “Funny how I remember all that hot air,” smiled the Plodder, “when I don’t tumble to its drift.” *But his next problem was harder—winter outfits for five! “Here’s where we cut out eggs till Janu ary first, Molly,” he announced a few minutes later, as his wife came in and sat down leaving the door ajar to catch the first sound of restlessness from the baby’s crib. She looked at him steadily a moment with her clear, blue eyes. “Good idea, Ben,” she said, cheer fully; “eggs make us V>ilious-” The Extra Session of Congress. It has been known since early winter that an ex tra session of the new Congress would be called to deal with the tariff and perhaps with other important matters of legislation. The corisensus of judgment has been that the sooner this work could be under taken and perfected the better would it be for the country’s business interests. There is no reasonable apprehension over the forthcoming readjustment of tariff schedules, but until the details of the' new law are known there will necessarily be a certain feeling of restlessness on the part of industrial concerns. Revision should therefore fie accomplished as speedily as it can and the date when the new schedules are to become operative should be announced as far as pos sible in advance in order that all interests may he adjusted accordingly. Tuesday, April the first, the date announced by President-elect Wilson for the convening of the extra session seems well timed to these conditions. The interim between March the fourth and April the first will he required for conferences and general prepara tion. The special session could scarcely be called earlier and it could not wisely be called later. There is at least nothing in.the weather to indi cate snow or sleet before the end of the season. Meanwhile the Balkan war seems to have become a rather conservative affair. The amateur cabinet makers are diverted to the more spectacular task of telling the administration what to do in Mexico. (ourtTmr rJOME T1KELY T0P1C5 C<wpoora>_Bir.ms. u HarajOA THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND ITS LEVEES. Every ‘congress appropriates a very large sum of money to building high banks on either side of the Mississippi river. Every year the floods break through and cause immense destruction. The breaks are called crevasses, and the raised up banks are called levees. )», If this continued raising up of artificial banks continues the mud in the channel will- also Continue to deposit, and the “Father oL Waters” will be roli- ing along on "Hop of a high embankment, and liable every hour in the day and night to m^ke a break or generate crevasses. Of course, what I say has but little weight when compared to what wise levee builders do say, but I wonder how it was when the red Indian roamCd over all the land, and there were no levees in the Mississippi country! We understand from your pioneer histories that the “Great Father of Waters” was rolling along very pleasantly (just as the river Amazon rolls along now (Without this levee expense) before congress be gun to appropriate money to make artificial banks and make a great trough or viaduct to keep or hold the banks of the Mississippi on the top of Mother Earth. If the people who manage this government had spent this levee money in ditching across the crooked places, as General Ben Butler dug a channel at Dutcn Gap in the James river during the Civil war, it seems to me that the current of the Mississippi would haao grown strong enough, to wash out its own trough and plown down in the stiff clay until a channel would have been made in the soil rather than, on top oi\ the soil. Now, we find only a mass of sand bogs, some n%w and many rotting in decay, piled up on either side of the river to keep the river in its place. There was a crook in the James river that was five miles round and about* a quarter of a mile across ana wise old Ben Butler put an army cf diggers at work and started Dutfch Gap. The government completed ' the ditch after the war and all vessels now c^tt across and save four miles. The expense of levee work on the Mississippi is like the great. pension octopus. ,Jt promises to eat up all the spare' money of this na tion. THE HABIT OF SEEING THINGS. The most of us have pondered over a verse in the Holy Scriptures which says: “Eyes have they hut they see not, having ears they hear nqt.” go .We may naturally suppose those who sa^ and those wh^ didn't see l^ave bt en remarked upon for manw long centu ries of human history. And we hear often of what is called a cultivated intellect, but not so much concerning what might be called a cultivated observation. Everybody with human vision really sees, but there are all sorts of people who do not observe. As some one remarked: “There are a whole lot of, folks who can hardly see enough to escape from being run over in the street.” The'difference between'those who are indifferent and not interested in things.and those whb have keen powers of observation and reflection is sim ply the difference between great minds and common ones. Some minds are dull as some soils are poor, Dut it goes without saying that poor soils can be so culti vated as to produce enormous results in farming. Just so that same dull mind can be stimulated and encouraged until it will produce great results. As a rule a great genius is cometlike in its orbii- It rushes and it dazzles, but the really great mind is steady in' its growth and grows while its radiance in creases. The scholars in our public schools are too closely confined to text books. They should be taught not only to learn but to apply what they learn. They gang along from six years to sixteen nad over, mainly in tent on just being able to rise, and tens of thousands, do npt gain enough in'that period of study to be able to make a bare living. After they study from six to sixteen they must then begin to observe, which means to see things and to be able to do things. Happy !s the child which enjoys an observing teacher, as well as a school book teacher! RUNNING AMUCK IN MEXICO. , Among Malay tribes there are run-mad people who become so inflamed with rage, malice and, perhaps, insanity, that they ran up and down in public places and everywhere, armed to the teeth, and who cut and gash, stab and torture every living thing that crosses their paths, until some one or, maybe, dozens of in dignant outsiders shoot down or otherwise kill such disturbers of the public peace. These desperate per sons have to be killed in self defense. This was called “running amuck.” Nobody pitied the demoniacs, and everybody felt relieved when they met a well deserved fate. The situation in Mexico is very similar. There ar6 a iot of political fanatics consumed by hate, rage and vengeance, who are manifestly' too demoniac to be al lowed to go loose much longer. They are running amuck, and *it is plainly evident that they must be curbed or possibly dispatched in quick order to pro tect the public peape. The assassination of President Madero and of his brother was both inhuman and base, and the assassins should have short shift and a short hanging robe! Mexico disgraces herself in the eyes of the civilized world. Baseness has gone the limit. Such people are not fit to r.ssociate with; they have outraged decency and violated every code of nonest and honorable deal ing. The American government should give that murder ous gang the cold shoulder, and refuse to affiliate! Huerta is demonstrating his ability as a good marksman. When a girl is learning to smoke cigarettes she is apt to make herself sick; after learning to smoke them she makes other people sick, Jib Spicer says cards have been his ruin. Since his wife got a lot of visiting cards engraved he has to cook his own dinner and eat by himself. * * * y “Why does that man pay rent instead of owning his own home?” “Some months he doesn’t.” * * * “I’ve got a new idea for your performance *>f ‘Hamlet,’” said the farce comedy manager who has ventured into the legit. “What is it’” asked Mr. Stormington Barnes. “Every time anybody drops dead in the last act, let the man in the orchestra hit the bass drum.” * * * The bird that sings up in the tree, exclaimed, “1 see I have no chance. If I a modern hit would be, I’ve got to learn a classic dance!” * * * Some white people gave Mrs. Erastus Pinkly a baby carriage. She says it will come in handy as soon as the baby gets old enough to cart the laundry in it. * * * No doubt a whole lot of fish are envious of the one that succeeded in jumping clear out of the -water and catching that magnificent trout-fly. * * • Hope springs eternal; but it’s hard to understand how so many men who have practiced law or med icine go ahead falling in love. ♦ * * If you enjoy the simple life avoiding argument and strife, content to sleep eight hours away and sit down to your three per day, existence will be just a song; a simple tune and not too long. But if you take the shrfty chance with skirts and booze or high fi nance, suspicion soon will turn your way and keep you guessing day by day. Your nerves get sadly out of kink and put you wholly on the blink, until ex istence seems to be just on© perpetual third degree! PHILANDER JOHNSON. Panama Canal Tolls IV. THE DISPUTE IN CONGBESS. By Frederic J. Haskin The dispute that has been going on in congress with reference to the question of construing the Hay* Pauncefate treaty has cj^vided that body into two general camps—those who think that the neutrality ol, the canal as relates to tolld Includes the United States, oil the one hand, and thos e whd think that it excludes up. on the other. There are many who feel that it applies to th«l United States on general ship^ ping, but does not apply to usf on coastwise traffic. The line of cleavage is, in a general way, between those who be lieve in ship subsidies and those who do not, although, o! course, there are exception^ to this statement. *• * • But, as a rule, those who op pose ship subsidies are to bd found among those who oppose the remission of tolls to Amer* i^an coastwise ships on the ground that it contra* venes the treaty. On the other hand, those who ard for subsidies are, for the most part, in favor of thd remission* of tolls to American coastwise ships, and argue that such an act does not constitute a viola tion of the Hay-Pauncefote treaty. There are those, however, who favor subsidies in our foreign-going shipping and none yn our coastwise shipping. In the language of Senator Root, they regard the coastwise shipping as the most highly protected special indus try in the United States, with no further need ofl protection, while on the other hand our foreign-going vessels have to compete with the low standards of wages and living to be found abroad, and therefore is in need of protection the home-going ships do hot need. • • • Party lines are not followed in this division. Thd Democratic committee that drafted the original tollri bill refused to exempt coastwise traffic and that pro-* vision in the form of the Doremus amendment wad voted on in the house and agreed to by the senate, the vote in both houses being non-partisan but largely Republican. On the very, day President Taft signed the bill Representative Sims, of Tennessee, Demo crat, introduced a bill to repeal the,, coastwise exemp tion, and the same bill was later introduced in the senate by Senator Root, of New York, a Republican* Senator O’Gorman, of New York, a Democrat, is the principal defender of the present law in the upi>ei* house, and Representative Mann, the Republican leader, is one of its chief champions in the house. • • • There is another angle to the controversy that had led some men to vote in favor of free tolls to Ameri can coastwise ships the while they have been op posed to subsidies. That relates to the effect of tolls on transcontinental freight rates. They believe that the addition of tolls means just that much more leeway the railroads will have in competing with thd coast-to-coast shipping. They- believe that when a toll of $1.20 a net register ton is levied it will give the railroads th e oppprtunity to raise their rates by just that much. This idea, on the other hand, is repudiated by other men in congress. They insisU that $1.20 a net register ton means an average of about fifty cents a ton on actual cargo, and that fifty cents a ton in tolls will no’t help the railroads to compete on much shipping, and that on the other hand its absence will not lower a single price to the ultimate consumer. They contend that the shipping companies will simply pocket th e difference, a dif ference that ought either reach the ultimate con sumer or the coffers of the canal. • * . * * All of these facts ar© cited to show that the atti tude that most men have taken in congress with ref erence to our controversy with Great BHtain has been influenced largely by our own domestic situa tions. When one comes to examine the several argu ments produced'by both sides he will,(if he is in the position of the proverbial man up a tree, readily admit that there is good argument on both sides. For instance, it is asserted by Senator Root that if we have our coastwise traffic England also has hers, and that to exempt our coastwise shipping from tolls and not to exempt that of England and other coun tries'is a violation of the treaty. He reminds the .country that we once had the shoe on the other foot, and that then we protested so vehemently that Can ada receded from its position. Under the treaty of 1871, which gave to the shipowners of Canada and the United States equal treatment in the canals of the two countries, Canada, which had fixed a toll of twenty cents a ton on freight, remitted eighteen cents a ton on all freight destined to Montreal and beyond, thus leaving but two cents a ton on Canadian'coast wise shipping, while charging the full twenty cents on American shipping. President Cleveland figura tively jumped on Canada with both feet, saying in a 1 message to congress that for Canada to promise equality and then in practice make it conditional upon our vessels doing a Canadian business instead of their own, is to fulfill a promise with a shadow of per formance. * * * Those who combat this view cite the Bartlett 1 article in the English Law Magazine and Review, of London. This eminent writer asserts that vessels fob* lowing coastwise trade never have been placed on an equality with those engaged in commerce with for eign nations, nor could they be without violating na tional laws or the Inherent right of a nation to control its domestic shipping. He says that the prac tice of restricting domestic commerce to American vessels owned and operated by American citizens is in harmony With the policy of every sea-bound nation. He recalls thirty-one treaties made between the United States and other countries providing for this ’ restriction. He adds that despite all pretense of uni formity, mutuality, and equality of treatment, for eign vessels are charged heavier port duties in Eng lish ports than coasting trade vessels, and this in spite of the most formal treaty stipulations to the contrary. While the existing treaty of 1815 provides •that no higher or other duties shall be imposed on American vessels in the ports of His Brittannip Ma jesty’s territories in Europe than is charged on Brit ish vessels, yet, for instance, at the port of Bristol foreign-trading vessels are charged twenty-seven cents per register ton, while coastwise vessels are charged ten cents per register ton. Furthermore, at the pqrt of Liverpool the charge on foreign shipping is thirty-three cents a ton, while on British coast wise shipping it is from nine to twelve cents a ton. • • • It is pointed out that if England for a moment thought that the w’ords, “British vessels” or “vessels of the United States” applied to coastwise shipping she would not have flagrantly violated the treaty of 1815 by making different charges for the two classes of vessels. The claim is made, therefore, by those who controvert the British view of the Panama toi controversy, that if the treaty of 1815, still in force, does not prevent England from discriminating in favor of its coastwise trade, then certainly neitb er does the Hay-Pauncefote treaty prevent us from dis criminating in favor of our coastwise trade. * * * Summing up this phase of the matter it will be seen that Canada once attempted to discriminate in favor of its coastwise trade and the United States protested. England, in the face of its general ship ping treaty with the United States, has, without a protest from us, discriminated in favor of its coast wise trade for years oYi end. New we come to do the same at Panama, and England protests, fs England wrong in giving her coastwise ships better rate* In her ports than are given to American ships, in the face of tho treaty calling for absolute equality of treatment? It is claimed that upon the answer to that question hinges the answer at Panama.