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4 / THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA„ TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, OA., 5 NORTH PORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months 75c Six months '10c Three months 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a stafr of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. Agents wanted at every postoffice. Liberal com* mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R* BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at, least two weeks before the date on ^ this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. Cattle Raising in Georgia. A thrifty fanner of Whitfield county, so the story goes, is planning to convert his land into a sheep and cattle ranch. He will naturally continue to plant corn and kindred food products. But the raising of livestock, which heretofore has been a minor interest in most parts of Georgia, will be his chief 'concern. This is an interesting example of the new agri cultural spirit that is astir throughout the State. The old tyranny of the one-crop idea is crumbling. The varied uses to which the soil can be turned are being more and more vividly realized. The wealth of profitable industries which a genial climate and richly stored earth make possible is being discov ered. It was a comparatively few years ago when peach growing was undertaken on an extensive scale in Georgia; the beginning of the apple industry is still more recent. Yet, henceforth one of the State’s most important enterprises will lie in its orchards. Pecan groves, which not a great while ago were limited to a few tree lovers, are now spreading over thousands of acres and are yielding their owners millions of dollars. The cultivation of berries* and other table delicacies is growing apace. Especially marked in South Georgia is the development of truck gardening. Farmers are organizing with busi nesslike methods for the purchase of their supplies and the marketing of their products. Emphasis is placed today upon the production of food stuffs rather than upon cotton; and though this movement in its early stages, it is rapidly advancing * ~ ■ • J ' , and winning recruits. The Whitfield county farmer who plans to estab lish a sheep and cattle range is following this pro gressive path. Whilj it is not to he expected or desired that all our farms should ever be turned into orchards or truck gardens or ranches, it is very heartening to know that the varied, yet hitherto neg lected, resources of the State are at length being exploited., A commonwealth that can become famous in the production of practically everything needed for man’s sustenance should not limit its energy to a single field of agricultural endeav-r. There is, perhaps, no part of all the Union where natural circumstances are more favorable to cattle raising than in Georgia. The mild and equable cli mate makes it possible to carry cn this industry the I'ear around at a minimum of expense. There are no long or rigorous winters to pile up the cost of feeding and housing. Land is abundant and thou sands of acres that are now idle or not well suited to ordinary crops could he turned to profitable ac count as cattle ranges. In addition to these fundamental advantages, there is a home demand for meat and dairy products which Georgia could supply easily and economically. The people of this State will find the problems of the high cost of living materially reduced whenever the possibilities of cattle raising are duly realized. Secretary Wilson, of the United States depart ment of agriculture recently predicted that the time is not far distant when a great portion of the na tion’s meat supply will come from the South; and he based his belief on the reports of experts who had made particular inquiry into the South’s natural opportunities for cattle raising. The trend of events is certainly toward the fulfillment of this prophecy.. Progressive farmers are ceasing to depend upon forr eign quarters for their livestock and not a few are making a business of cattle breeding. Good for North Carolina. The Legislature "Sf North Carolina has earned wide commendation for having virtually assured the children of that State a six-months school term. A bill to this effect has passed its second reading in the House with but three dissenting votes and in all likelihood it will soo.i become a law. The popular interest and enthusiasm behind this measure is shown by the fact that more petitions, to quote the News and Observer, “have rolled into the General Assembly for a six months school term than for any other bill that has come before the Legislature of North Carolina in half a century.” The importance of an adequate school term in rural districts as well as £a cities is being realized more and more keenly throughout the South; and six months is certainly the minimum period conc.;t- ent with the pupils, needs and rights. The expense incurred ly the State in keeping all its schools open at least half the year is trivial when compared with the social and civic progresb which such a system makes possible. As the NewsJ and Observer remarks': “We are are not too poor to educate the children of North Carolina; we are too poor not to educate them.” More Stringent Laws For “Pistol Toters.’‘ The “pistol toter,” like the poor, we shall have always with us until he is made to feel the law’s sharpest teeth. There is, perhaps, no common of fense against which the thought public opinion of the day is so unitedly set as that of carrying con cealed weapons; but in this as in other matters call ing for reform the law has lagged behind the pop ular will so that the available means of forging the community’s judgment into effect ao not suffice. The last Fulton County Grand Jury, *in urging more stringent statutes against this evil truly declares; "Our laws against the carrying of concealed weapons and the enforcement thereof are alto gether inadequate. Without warrant the arrest of any one openly violating the law is illegal, and under the laws of Georgia, if a person he searched and a pistol he found on his person, that fact, cannot be used agaiAst such 'individual as evidence on a trial for carrying concealed weapons. This defect should be reniedied by legislation, even if it becomes necessary to have a constitutional amendment. The streets of our city are continuously occupied by men who are walking arsenals and under the existing■ condi tions the police arc powerless to remedy the evil.” The Grand Jury recommends that a person con victed of carrying a concealed and deadly weapon be made to serve not less than twelve months in the county chaingang, without the option of paying a fine; and furthermore that, if possible, a law be framed prohibiting the sale or possession of pistols with barrels less than sixteen inches long. If such legis lation were enacted and enforced, the “pistol toter” would soon pass into oblivion with other extinct pests and foes of society. Our courts have realized for the most part their responsibility in coping with this menace to public peace and safety. The judges of Georgia are exert ing themselves with commendable vigor against vio lators of .the existing pistol law. The chief diffi culty lies in the weakness of the law itself. Statutes dealing with the offense of carrying concealed weapons can scarcely he made too drastic; and when it is reflected that the homicide rate in several Geor gia communities is 1 higher than that of all Great Britain, the need of more thoroughgoing, legislation in this regard becomes tragically evident. The Journal’s School Boys Off to Washington. One hundred and twenty-five boys from the schools and colleges of the South leave Atlanta today, as The Journal’s guests, to attend the inauguration of President-elect Wilson. From the hour of their departure on a special Pullman until their return, every possible effor': will he made for their comfort and pleasure. It is unnecessary to remind the hoys that they go as representatives of the South in a great na tional event and that they should deport themselves in accordance with the traditions of their own Southern firesides. The fact tha‘ they have earned the distinction and opportunity of this trip in their respective counties and States is evidence enough of their worth and an ample guarantee that they will be of credit to their native section. It is with peculiar satisfaction that The Journal’s party learns of Mr. Wilson’s gracious plan to re ceive them at the White House on the day after the inauguration. Each of them will thus have the pleasure and honor of meeting him. For each and every one of its young guests, The Journal wishes a delightful and profitable sojourn in Washington. It is peculiarly appropriate that they, as representatives of the schools and colleges of the South, should be present at the inauguration of a President who himself has been a lifelong stu dent and a brilliant leader in the country’s educa tional interests. It is equally fitting that a com pany of Southern boys should witness the inaugura tion of a chief executive who was horn and reared upon their own soil—the first Southern President within more than half a century. We wish them once more a safe journey and the best of times! Some of the Mexican leaders will have it im pressed upon them, before very long, that this is a civilized era. I The average man is so suspicious that he im- aginesyou are trying to poison his dog every time you throw him a tone. Illiteracy Is Decreasing. Despite the slings of criticism it has recently suffered, and some of them are doubtless deserved, America’s public school system is producing sub stantial results. Dr. P. P. Claxton, national com missioner of education, declared in a recent address that illiteracy in the United States has been reduced from twenty to seven per cent; among the whites of native birth, it has fallen from twelve to three per cent; among negroes, from ninety-five to thirty per cent; and among the foreign horn, from fourteen to twelve and a half per cent. A system of education under which so fruitful a record is established cannot be the rank failure some radicals would have us believe. That our public schools methods are in certain respects ill-adjusted to social and individual needs, few candid or clear eyed observers will deny. There are anachronisms that must he weeded out, there are new duties that must he shouldered and fertile opportunities that should be turned to account. But taken all in all, the public school system of this country is render ing vast service; and, though its progress may seem slow at times, it is moving in the right direction. The great need of the 6 sty is to extend the ad vantages of public education, to vouchsafe to every American child the rights of the school room; and when this is done illiteracy will entirely disappear. As Commissioner Claxton urges, more efforts should be made to reach the children of isolated districts and of the slums. “Children in the country and in the factory districts of our cities,” he says, “should be kept in school over the adolescent period. If it is necessary for the children to work, let the prod ucts of their vocational or industrial training be sold and the proceeds applied to their support during the educational period.” One of the most obvious needs for the reduction of illiteracy is the enactment of compulsory school attendance laws in States where they are not al ready in force and their more vigorous administra tion where they do exist. Georgia^ is among the dwindling minority of States that have not yet passed such a law. We shall never attain our due progress either in government or in material devel opment until all the children of Georgia are guaran teed their right to education. For several years past compulsory school attendance bills have been intro duced in the Legislature, but because of one circum stance or another, none of them has reached the statute hooks. The next General Assembly could render no truer service than to forge such a law into effect. Vice-President and the Cabinet. President-elect Wilson has been credited with the opinion that the Vice-President should have a seat in the cabinet circle and take an active part in its counsels. He disclaims, however, any purpose to urge this change of policy until he is established at Washington and is familiar with the practical de tails of the executive office, Whatever Mr. Wilson’s ultimate View or course in this matter may he, there is no apparent reason why the Vice-President should not meet and confer with the cabinet; ,on> the contrary, there are sound and weighty reasons why he should do so. As the second highest personage in the nation’s government, the Vice-President holds an office of unusual responsibility. He is not only the presid ing officer of the Senate, that position itself being one of great importance, but he. is also the official who in the event of the- President’s death would straightway become the country’s executive head. Is it not, therefore, essential that the Vice-Presi dent should at all times be thoroughly in touch with the administrative affairs of the Government? He might at any moment be Called upon to take up executive tasks and to deal x conclusively with prob lems of far-reaching import. 1 Certain it is that for the country's good he. should be prepared for such an emergency and to that end he should be con stantly familiar with cabinet business. The disposition to minimize the importance of the Vice-Presidency is unwise and undesirable. The office should be exalted and given the full measure of its rightful responsibility. Given a seat at the cabinet table, the Vice-President could render larger service and be more thoroughly equipped for duties that might devolve upon him. Such a change, we believe, would do much to strengthen the executive department. WAYS OF GETTING MONEY By Dr. Frank Crane An Outrage on Human Rights. The story of the young Georgia mountaineer and his seventeen-year-old bride who have been confined in a cell of the Fulton county jail since last October, although they arc guilty of no offense and are charged with none, is enough to stir the indignation of all men with any sense of justice o: humanity. Simply because this girl-wife chanced to witness a homicide, a case which the United States district at torney’s office is expected to prosecute hut which, ap parently, it has been very tardy in bringing to trial, she and her husband, both of them innocent, are im prisoned for month after month among felons and murderers. On what occasion or pretext can the district at torney's office justify, its amazing course in this instance? Are these simple, guileless mountain folk thus to be persecuted merely because they are without in fluence or large financial means? Is a girl who is still in her teens to be flung into- a common jail, surrounded with women and men of the underworld and kept there indefinitely simply because the district attorney’s office wants her as a witness in a case which it will take its own easy time in calling? This young couple had been married only a few weeks when they were forced from their little farm- side home in Fannin county and lodged as federal prisoners in the Fultcn county jail. The girl was in nowise involved in the alleged murder except as a chance and unwilling witness. Yet, the Government authorities, apprehensive that they might lose her as a witness, have held her and he* husband in wretched duress for half a year. How much longer shall these innocent people be outraged? The 'man is a farmer and the time has come when he should be breaking ground and pre paring a crop, if he is to provide for the future needs of his home. Yet, day after day and month after inontl*, man and .fc are kept behind bars in what is gruesomely known as* the jail’s “death cell,” are subjected to the repulsive and often harrowing scenes of prison life, are locked from the liberty to which they were reared, from the clean sky, the sun and the freeman’s air which their hearts cry out for, from friends and kindred and from the little hill side cabin where they had dreamed of making their honeymoon. If the district attorney’s office at Atlanta cannot or will not do something to relieve this brutal situation forthwith, then in behalf of common hu man rights, the Department of Justice at Washing ton should take action. The Passing of a War CloucL Europe has seen many a war cloud turn forth a silver lining; hut never, perhaps, has it experi enced a situation that was so ominous in the be ginning yet so happy in its consequence as that which arose from the Balkan disturbance. A few months ago the Old World was agog with fears and rumors of international strife. The Balkan problem which had so long been regarded as a sleeping lion against peace was up and snarl ing. The Turkish problem which generations of diplomats had handled as gingerly as they would dynamite was at the point of explosion. The most prudent and hopeful among statesmen became ap prehensive and business fell into a distinctly pes simistic mood. The larger Powers had refrained for decades from interfering with the barbarous regime of the, Turks simply because each of them feared that any aggres sive movement on its part would be resented by its neighbors. They were all suspicious and a forceful step on the part of any one or group of Jhem would Lave aroused all manner of jealousies and, as they believed, hostilities. Naturally, then, when the little Balkan States flung themselves against Ottoman rule, the larger Powers expected a fierce scramble for territorial conquest. The tranquility of international rela tionships was supposed to lie in the fact of Tur key’s very weakness; the, big nations could not figure on the consequence of a really strong and aggressive Power being in control of Constantinople. It was feared that the strained relations between Germany and England would be brought to a snapping point; that Austria and Germany would go to war and that a general upheaval would follow. But the very menace of the situation made for prudence. Each of the great Powers, realizing its responsibility, moved with unusual caution. Jingo- ish talk was discountenanced. Statesmen reflected the views and wishes of the masses of the people who knew that upon them the burdens of a big war would fall. Thus in a moment of common peril the nations forgot their old suspicions and jealousies and counseled together for the peace of Europe. There are two ways of getting money; first, get ting if from somebody to whom you have given the money’s worth; second, getting it without giving the money's worth. The first Way is honest. As to the second, some varie ties are recognized as dishonest, others are still respectable. Among the ways of . getting something for nothing may he mentioned the following: * Robbfery. This is the most an cient and honorable "art, if right ly understood. To leap out from a. dark corner, knock a man on the head, and go through his poekets, is crude; it is, a prac tice followed only , by “'low brows,” yeggmen, gunmen, ban dits, and the like; but for a strong nation to 'browbeat and loot a weak nation is supposed to be statesmanship. Finding. As when you pick up 50 cents in the street, or somebody accidentally leave's a $1,000 bill in your overcoat pocket. This, mode of acquiring wealth is followed mostly by those who are asleep. Gift. This includes inheritance. It will take an other hundred years of democracy for the woria to get to the point where, this way of getting money will be seen to be unjust And. contrary to the public welfare. Though wrong, it is buttressed by 4,00<J. or 5,000 years of precedent. Stealing. Including the arts of burglar, porch climber, and pickpocket. If, however, you object to a gentleman's stealing a railroad worth $40,000,000, you ajre not considered moral, but an anarchist, or some crazy reformer of the sort. Swindling. Includiftg three-card monte, the shell game, and “get-rieh-quick” stocks. Gambling. A business where profits depend on luck is gambling, it makes no difference whether you play with stocks and bonds or jacks and sevens. Making a nuisance of yourself. This embraces the organ grinder, the poor relation, and all others to wljom you pay money on condition that they go away. Borrowing. This is an improvement on swindling because you intend to give it back. Its no trouble to keep on intending. Th e only way-, however, of getting money so as to havd it bring y-ou peace, self respect, and a clean con science, is to earn it. This you can do by selling “a dollar’s worth of apples for one dollar, or by get ting a dollar in wages for a dollar’s worth of work. When y-ou get money by giving its equivalent the transaction is closed; you and the universe are quits. When you get money in any other way at all you pay for it, in the end, many times more than it's worth; sometimes in money, sometimes in loss ot character;, always you pay. When the spirit of democracy shall have had its perfect work, when the tainted ethics of our plunder ing ancestors shall have been cleaned up, when big business shall have lfarned justice, and when all an cient frauds shall have been brov 'it' to equity, wo snail establish the rule universal that money shall only go -to the person that earns it. Panama Canal Tolls By Frederick J. Haskin Aerograms From Antiquity BY EDWARD J. COSTELLO MEDINA, Feb. 28 (A. D. 623.)—Mohammed, the prophet, who within the last few years has been the talk of all Arabia, because of his rapidly growing popularity among the masses, today granted special Permission to his followers to go to war with-the en emies of Islam “in the name ot- God.” While this act ostensibly is directed against all “enemies,” It is cur rently reported that it has particular reference to the unbelievers in Mecca who caused the prophet’s hur ried departure from that city about a year ago. It will be remembered that during the flight of Mohammed and the faithful from Mecca, it was freely predicted that before the Hegira (Mohammedan era), was many moons old, the prophet would return at the head of a powerful army to force the idolafors of that sinful city to aceepit the dogma of ‘“entire submission to the will and precepts of God.” The .self-styled “Apostle of God," himself made the prophecy of the spread of the new religion among the benighted denizens of his former home, according to the best available information here today. It is re lated! that during one of the long marches en route to Medina, the son of Abdullah suddenly stopped, and told the faithful that it had just been revealed to him that the conquest of Mecca by him was to be. As he spoke, those immediately behind saw the big, black mole between his shoulders, which he calls the “seal of prophecy,” grow blacker, and a moment later he was in the throes of a cataleptic fit. He soon recovered, however, and resumed his march, moving his whole body violently. Since the residence of the great prophet in Medina began, nearly a year ago, he has added several chap ters to the Koran, otherwise known as the “Book of the Faith.” It is said he keeps an amanuensis busy most of the time in the compilation of this work, which he expects to be a monument to him in the his tory of the new religion he has founded.- It has only been a few years since Mohammed was considered a madman, and even now his doctrines are bitterly opposed, particularly by the Christians, who recently have been making great headway in. this sec tion, and the Judeans. According to Mohammed, the Saviour of the Chris tians was a pure prophet, and' he places Hipi with the other prophets, Adam, Noah, Abraham and Moses. He exhorts his own followers to a “pious and moral life, and to the belief in an almighty, all-wise, ever lasting, indivisible, all-just, but merciful God, who has chosen him as he had chosen the prophets before him, so to teach mankind that they should escape the punishments of hell, and inherit everlasting life.” Mohammed’s star of fortune seems to have made his acquaintance about the time he took service as a camel driver with the wealthy widow Chadidja, a num ber of yearn ago, after a rather bad failure as a mer chant. He soon married the widow, but he had reached the age of forty before he received his first “divine" communication in the solitude of the*moun tain Hira, near Mecca. He afterwards declared that the Angel Gabriel had appeared to him, and in “the name God commanded him to ‘read’ ”■—that is preach “the true religion and to spread it abroad by com mitting it- to writing.” It' is rumored that Abu Beltr and Omar, close friends of the prophet, and one or the other likely successors to the position now held—try him, are to lead the proposed “Holy War” against the “infidels and unbelievers.” A Batch of Smiles When the butcher answered the telephone the shrill voice of a little girl greeted him: “Hello! Is that Wilson? “Yes, Bessie,” he answered kindly, “what can I do for you?” Mr. Wilson, please tell me where grandpa’s liver is. The folks are out and' I’ve got to put a not flannel on it, and I don’t know where it is.”—The Ladies’ Horn.? Journal. - At a meeting, lately a fairly young woman en tered escorted by eight children, ail rather young. An usher approached, and while showing them to a seat facetiously remarked, “Are these all yours, or is it a picnic?” To which the woman wearily re plied, “They are all mine, and it is no picnic.”-:-Weekly Telegraph. When the United States was considering the ad visability of undertaking to build the Panama canal, President McKinley looked the country over for the best authority on transportation and commerce, to save the canal commission and to prepare an adequate report on the industrial and commercial value of an isthmian canal. He finally se lected Professor Emory R. John son, professor of transportation and commerce, to serve the canal of Pennsylvania. The Johnson report was a most comprehend sive one, and one that Went far toward demonstrating the pros pective value of such a water way. * * * When the time came to fix the tolls on the canal, Professor Johnson again was drafted into service to bring his inquiry up to date and to revamp it in- line with the developments of the decade that elapsed since the previous report was made. Professor Johnson made an extended inquiry' into all matters pertaining to the amount of traffic indicated, the character of this traffic, the conditions that might influence it by tending to drive it away. J or to lead it to choose the Panama rout© over othci^ routes, and into the traffic history of other great artificial waterways. * * * j His first line of inquiry related to distances, In an attempt to show just what will be the natural course of shipping after the canal is constructed. I While realizing that other elements, including coaling j and provisioning facilities, amount of way cargo, and j the like, t6nd to counteract distance consideration I when a shipowner plans the route of his ships, at the same ( time distances are* the first consideration. j He finds that the longer of two routes may be the m<Jr© profitable one if there be a greater volume of intermediate traffic. At the same time it may be the 1 *] more profitattfc if the price of coal and the number of coaling stations are to its advantage. Lower in- • I surance rates may overcome distance, and toll charges may be so high as to divert traffic. His problem was j to assess all these matters at their true* value and I with this assessment in mind, to try to forecast the amount of trade that Will be available at Panama and to fix a rat© of toll that would yield the maximum I return and at the same time make the canal of maxi mum benefit to the world’s shipping. | * * * He finds that the canal will shorten the water dis tance from the cast coast of the United States to' the west coast by more than half. It will place New, York morey than five thousand miles nearer to the great nitrdte beds of Chili, and nearly four thousand miles nearer to Valparaiso. The distances to most transcontinental points are approximately a thousand miles nearer by way of the Tehauntepec routo than by the Panama route. But, inasmuch as the handling of cargo out of one ship and into another at Tehaun tepec costs $1.75 a ton, and in addition thereto a land transportation of 192 miles is involved, little serious competition from the Tehauntepec route is feared on through cargo business. The cost of getting a toil' of goods' through the Panama canal actually will be from forty-eight to sixty cents per ton, so that, al though the Panama rout© will be the longer by a thousand tniles, it will be cheaper in the end. The distances saved by the Panama route to Asiatic ports from our own gulf and south Atlantic seaboard ranges from nearly six thousand miles down to some two thousand when compared with the Suez] route. The distances to Australian ports from th«: ports of our Atlantic seaboard are brought from two; thousand to five thousand miles nearer than by the! natural route via the Cape of Good Hope. With reference to European ports it is found that Liverpool will be over fifteen hundred miles nearer Wellington, New Zealand, through the Panama canal than through Suez. As it costs approximately ten cents per register ton per day to keep a freight ship on the high seas, a five-thousand-ton freighter wouid cost $500 a day. A thousand miles would thus cost, if the ship sails ten knots per hour, something over' $2,000. From this it, will be seen that a ship of this description could sail about three thousand miles as cheaply as it can go through the canal at th© present rate of toll. All shipping—except where other con ditions are unequal—would find it profitable to go through the canal where more than three thousand miles at sea can be overcome. • * * Professor Johnson presents an interesting study * on the traffic in sight for the canal and on th© indi cations of increased traffic, but as this will form the basis of another article, they are merely referred to here. One of the interesting things he brings out is that the opening of the canal will necessarily hasten the passing of the. sailing vessel, sine© there will bo no facilities for handling them through the big water- 1 way. In a third of a century the world’s tonnage of ; sailing vessels has declir^d from fourteen million to less than seven million tons, while the steam tonnage j has increased tenfold—from a little more than four million to more than forty-one million tone. * * * With reference to the relation of the Panama, canal to the traffic and rates on the transcontinental railroads, Professor Johnson concluded that the rail-* roads will be able to hold only a very small share of , the transcontinental traffic, ,and that they will be' under the necessity of giving very low rates on Pacific coastbound goods dHginating as far west as the Mis sissippi. He estimates that about 3,500,000 tons ofj transcontinental freight are handled a year, of which the railroads have been getting 85 per cent. The. rail roads have been in the habit of charging low rates to the Pacific from the middle west, so as to en courage industries there. Wheq, the Nevada railway commission examined the bills of lading on shipping coming into Reno it was found that 75 per cent of the incoming freight originated no farther east than' Chicago. Professor Johnson thinks that the railroads will practically surrender without a fight that trans continental traffic which originates in and east ofj the Buffalo-Pittsburg district, 'a traffic which em braces about one-third ot the total transcontinental j traffic. Roads within five hundred miles of the At lantic seaboard would rather get what they can by hauling freight to its ports for water shipment than to take a lower rate to deliver that freight to the transcontinental railroads. * * * His conclusion with reference to the effect that) the canal will have on the railroads is that it will; hammer down their rates for freight on commodities, originating within a thousand miles of either seaboard and destined to points within the same range on the ( other seaboard. He thinks that the Atlantic seaboard rates to the Pacific coast will be such that its ship pers qan quote better rates to Pacific coast points than can the shippers in the middle west, and that thus the eastern part of the United States will get a larger share of the trade west of the Rockies than it now enjoys. He believes that the railroads east of Cleveland and Indianapolis will bid for business to be handled via the Atlantic seaboard and that those as far north as St. Louis and Kansas City will bid for it to be handled via New Orleans and Gal veston. i ;. “The oldest Elk in the world,” dead in Iowa at 103, smoked and chewed for eighty-on'; years, an interesting record. He did not smoke and chew for his last ten years. With respect that was a mis take. He should have been content to eschew the cud. He “believed in the bucksaw for exercise.** A Spartan senior, whose principles will be admired, not followed. Whatever be thought of lo .g life few will hold th^t it is worth lifelong exercise on the sawhorse.—New York Sun.