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4 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, MARCH 7, 1913. I THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mall Matter of the Second Class. JAMIS R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months ?. .^75c Six months '10c Tkree months . . 25e The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday a<id Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. Agents wanted at every postoffice. Liberal com* mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R- BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle,* L. H. Kim brough, and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for ‘ money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your .paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by •postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. A Nation Refreshed By a New Insight Into Its Life. President Wilson’s inaugural address is remark able for its terseness and trenchancy, its breadth of insight, its poise and elevation of thought. It is not the announcement of a program hut rather the decla ration of a purpose; yet, so clear and steady is its drift that no one can doubt the course the new ad ministration will pursue or the well considered ends it will seek. This nation has been refreshed, as the President says “by a new insight into its life.” We Lave come to see that in the richness and diversity of our ma terial wealth, we have grown wasteful, that in the vast sweep of our industrial progress we have neg lected human interests and humai. rights, that in our ambition to build great fortunes we have ignored for a season certain pripciples from which the breath and the very life-blood of the Republic spring. The mission of Democracy, as an instrument in the people’s hands, is “to cleanse, to reconsider, to re store, to correct the evil without impairing the good, to purify and humanize every process of our com- 'mon life, without weakening or sentimentalizing it.” This is not the task of a revolution; it is the task of patient and orderly readjustment, “We shall re store,” says the President, “not destroy.” In order that this mission may be fulfilled cer tain specific things must be done and others must be undone. The tariff which unjustly burdens the consumer and at the same time restricts the nation’s commerce must be revised. The hanking find cur rency system which is now ill adapted to business needs and common interests must he improved. The crushing -tyranny of monopoly must be lifted fro; i our commercial and industrial life. Whatever self ish alliances may exist betw'een special interests and the Government must be broken. The people’s nat ural treasures, whether tlfose of stream o forest or the soil of the farm, must be conserved for future generations and utilized, as best they can, fof present needs. And above all, the Governmer* must be made responsiv- to the wishes and the interests of the public that owns it. • The particular legislation through which these high and practical purposes are to be wrought into effect will he advanced in due season. For the present, it is enough to know that the new admin istration raises a standard to which “all honest men, all patriotic and forward-looking men” can rally. How to Check Rabies. An ordinance such as Alderman Van Dyke pro poses. to introduce at the next session of Council, requiring all dogs on the streets of Atlant- to be muzzled, is open to few, if any, reasonable objec tions. There are, on the contrary, many practical and urgent reasons for its em. tment. The records of the State 3oard of Health show that last year there were six hundred and seventy- three cases of rabies in Georgia and that, of course, one hundred and forty-nine developed in Atlanta. It is little short of alarming that within a single twelvemonth so many people should have been ex posed to the peril of hydrophobia. An ordinance requiring dogs on the streets to be muzzled would go far toward removing this menace and also toward eradicating the disease itself. Dogs are not peculiarly susceptible to rabies. It is said that among the canines of South Africa this malady was never known until it was imported through a pointer that had been bitten aboardship; the same thing is true of the Panama canal zone and of other parts of the world. If, then, the infection is once completely wiped out there is little likelihood of its recurrence. Alderman Vap Dyke aptly cites the instance of England where some years ago a law was passed requiring dogs to be muzzled; the result is that mad dogs are unknown in that country and in all the British isles last year there was not one case of rabies. It seems, therefore, that as a matter of kindly consideration for “man’s best friend” as well as for the public’s protection some measure that will pre vent the spread of rabies should be adopted; and there is no means to that end so practical and effec tive as a muzzling ordinance. Mexico Today. The comparative quietude and commonplaceness into which Mexico has settled is encouraging. For the time being at least, the country is in the grasp of an iron hand. The outlawry of a few weeks ago is app: ently yielding to methods which, however drastic they may seem, are necessary. Tile majority of the people with interests at stake are doubtelss disposed to accept the Huerta regime’ crooked though its path to power may have been. Before Mexico can even think of acquiring self- government, it must escape the peril of anarchy. The Sixty-Second Congress. During the two years of the Sixty-second Con gress, which ended Tuesday, much important work has been undertaken and much has been left incom plete, but a substantial , measure of good has been accomplished. There has been a continual conflict of purpose and opinion between a Demi ;ratic House and a Republican President. In the Senate also there has been sharp division within the Republican ranks; and the differences between the executive department and the Democratic-Insurgent group have been irreconcilable. To this lack of political adjust ment and harmony is due the failure of many weighty tasks that were well begun. Had the President and the Congress been in sympathy, tariff legislation of far-reaching value to the people would have been enacted. Bills reducing the tariff on wool, cotton, metal and agricultural im plements and supplies were introduced and were steered successfully through the House; some of these measures, notably the wool bill, passed the Senate also, but they died under the executive veto. Despite this temporary failure the movement for tariff reform has gone steadily forward and in the Sixty-Second Congress foundations have been laid upon which this important task can now be reared to completion. , The Congress opened with a special session called to consider Canadian reciprocity. A reciprocity agreement was ratified but later it was rejected by Canada. The discussion and public interest which this measure aroused was none the less valuable as an influence toward broader and freer trade relations between, the United States and foreign countries. The Sixty-Second Congress was noteworthy for a number of official investigations designed to cor rect abuses and to bring evils to light. The probe of the Lorimer case, as a result of which a man fraudulently elected to the Senate was unseated has had a wholesome effect; it has forcefully called at tention to the truth that public office is not a thing to be bought and sold. The impeachment and conviction of Robert W. Archbald, of the Commerce Court, on charges of ju dicial misconduct have reaffirmed the high stand ards of the nation’s federal judiciary and have shown that the Constitution provides thoroughly ad equate means of upholding the integrity for which the federal bench is famous. Besides these investigations into the conduct of officials, there have been seasonable probes into the methods of politics. The expenditures of the na tional campaigns of 1904, 1908 and 1912 were search- ingly reviewed and the sources of the money spent were brought to light. It is gratifying to note in this connection that the Sixty-Second Congress passed a campaign fund publicity law, requiring a complete accounting of all funds used in the quest of federal office. The investigation of the so-called Money trust, the Steel trust, the Sugtfr trust and other monopolies have produced evidence on which wise and corrective Iegisaltion can be based. All these inquiries have been conducted not-for the purpose of mere muck raking, hut in order that the seat of economic and political evils might be located and then purged frfr the nation’s welfare. There is no cause for pessim ism when evils are being revealed; but when they remain secret they are perilous inded. In addition to its investigations and its initial work on the tariff, the Congress just adjourned has submitted to the states a Constitutional amendment for the popular election of United States senators; and, interestingly enough, the amendment authoriz ing the levy of a federal income tax was ratified during its session. The treaty with Russia was ter minated as a protest against that nation’s unjust treatment of Jewish-American citizens. A Panama Canal bill, commendable in many respects, but em phatically wrong in its exemption of American coast wise ships from tolls, was enacted. These are some of the things accomplished by the Sixty-Second Con gress. It has left much undone but it has opened the way for constructive work by the new and com pletely Democratic administration. The Wilson Cabinet. If the press predictions of the new cabinet are correct, as they doubtless are, Mr. Wilson has shown statesmanly judgment in his selections. He has chosen as the chief counselors of his administration men of eminent ability and of unquestioned loyalty to the country’s common interests., Each is admir ably fitted for the potrfolio to which he is named and, as regards the broad policies of government, they are all’of kindred persuasion; they are progres sive Democrats and, by every token, they will work together, harmoniously and constructively. William J. Bryan, as Secretary of State, enters a field of service for which he is peculiarly well en dowed and well equipped. There are few if any Americans of the day so thoroughly conversant with international affairs. His ideals of diplomacy are high and generous as well as far-sighted, and they will win the United States new confidence and re spect in the family of nations. Particularly pleasing to the South is the fact that four of the most important seats in the cabinet have been allotted by Mr. Wilson to Southern i_en. Wil liam G. McAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, though now a resident of New York, is a native of Georgian, having been reared in Marietta. James C. McRey- nolds, Attorney General, is a Tennessean. Albert S. Burleson, Postmaster General, is from Texas; and Josephus Daniels, Secretary of the Navy, is as thor oughbred a North Carolinian, as the Tarheel State ever bore. Mr. Daniels is one of the stanchest and truest of the nation’s Democracy. As editor of the Raleigh News and Observer, his influnce for the cause of good and progressive government has been faithful and effective. He h. s the South’s heartiest congrat ulations and good wishes in the honor deservedly be stowed upon him. Welcome, Mr. Taft. Greetings and good wishes to Hon. William How ard Taft! All Georgia and all the South join with the city of Augusta in welcoming him within their borders, not only as the nation’s former President, but as a good and true man whose human self rises above all partisanship and emerges unblemished from the hazards of politics. It is a significant fact that one who has met such defeat at the polls should he so genuinely popular to day as is Mr. Taft with the rank and file of the American people. They have criticized him frankly for his errors, hut they admire him none the less cordially for what they know are his virtues—his sincerity, his graciousness, his manliness. The relationships between Mr. Taft and Georgia have been particularly happy in the past and they will ever remain so. In no corner of all the nation will he ever be a more welcome guest than in Au gusta and Georgia. * w ^OU/MTRY Ns'iur V TIMELY lijOME TOPICS CWjctep vt ms.wHJrtLTO/i THE INAUGURATION OP PRESIDENT HAYES. The 4th of March, 1877, cam© on Sunday, and con gress held that day until the belated clock stiruck 12. There was an all-night session, a great lot of legisla tion that never should have gone through was forced on, and the city was crammed full of people who aimed to be in should there come a collision. We were told that Governor Hayes was sworn in some where, maybe in the White House, where President Grant was in control. The rush for seats were so great that nobody could enter the senate chamber ex cept b> ticket. I was fortunate enough to get several tickets, and, strnage to say, I was able to save a few until the present time. I 'came across several last summer in a packing box with old letters. We had a hurried breakfast at our hotel and rushed to the Cap itol, getting a good seat in the gallery. After a little while a gallery door openecLwhere the president's fam ily occupied seats and I saw Mrs. Hayes for.the first time. She was dressed plainly but elegantly, wear ing her beautiful raven-hued hair plainly drawn over her ears. She was remarkably handsome in spit^e of this plain hairdressing. I saw her often in later years, and she never changed the manner of wearing her beautiful and abundant tresses. After sh e and her children took their seats every eye was turned in that direction until the floor of the senate begun to fill up with dignitaries. Army and naval officers wore full uniforms. The foreign legations were all present. I saw. the crown prince of Russia among the handsome Russian representatives, and he would have been the emperor of all the Russias but was taken away by death before the demise of the czar, his fa ther. He was a callow looking youth, said to be eigh teen or nineteen years old, and was touring the United states with his tutor and staff. The supreme court and many other dignitaries were there. After a while there was a tremendous burst of music on the out side and directly we saw the president and presi dent-elect as they advanced and were given seats to gether in front of the secretary’s desk on a handsome leather divan. They did nothing, however, until the vice president was sworn in, and taken his seat as president of the senate. All newly elected senators took the oath of office, among them M. C. Butler, of South Carolina, and W. P. Kellogg, of Louisiana. They were conspicuous because the air was full of rumors that a trade had been made which not only lost Tilden the votes of South Carolina and Lou isiana by which these two men entered t**c senate, but which gave Mr. Hayes the liberty to appear on that fateful day. When the senate was organized the meeting ad journed to the capitol front, where Mr. Hayes made his inaugural address and was sworn in for a four- year term in the White House. WHAT WOULD aTOU DO ABOUT MEXICO? According to the newspapers about one-half the folks are calling on ’resident Taft to march our troops over into Mexico and force those run-mad peo ple into a state of quiet, even if it means bloody forcing, while the other half is of the opinion that it is none of our business if they butcher their ene mies until there is none left to butcher. I can see reason in both sides, but I believe the time has come to make those butchers stop their dev ilish work, because it is against humanity to permit the like of it to continue. When mad dogs are run ning at large somebody should be brave enough to shoot them on general principles, and these Mexlc muderers have no more reason than mad dogs, and should be hindered from further .trespass on life and property. If the American government gives even a quasi recognition of that traitor Huerta it will evidence either cowardice or inefficiency in our own authori ties. That man who won his position by barefaced treason has no clajni for respectful attention. Like Benedict Arnold, who betrayed General Wash ington and made terms with the British authorities to surrender the,fortifications at West Point for Brit ish gold, General Huerta, who betrayed President Ma- dero and went over to the Diaz forces, should receive the same public condemnation which was given to Arnold. Arnold’s name has been a “by-word and hiss ing” ever since poor Major Andre was captured and his treason exposed. If Arnold had succeeded and the British forces had won and General Washington had been captured as a prisoner, doubtless Washington would have been shot and American liberty sacrificed. I think the time Las come to intervene in Mexico. The Money Trust Report. Submitted as it was in the dying hours of the old Congress, the report of the Pujo committee on the so-called Money Trust must naturally hide its time for future and' thorough consideration; and that is fortunate, for any definite measures toward remedying the evils complained of should be taken deliberately and with farsighted prudence. The re port is voluminous. It embodies a great -mass of evi dence and sets forth thirty or more particular recom mendations as to what Congress should do. The problem dealt with is vast and in many respects, in tricate. Not one of its details can he solved by snap judgment. Whatever may be thought of the Committee’s pro posals, there can be no doubt that its investigation has been well conducted and will prove broadly val uable. The report itself will be read by compara tively few but the newspaper accounts of the Com mittee’s hearings from day to day have reached thousands of people and have shed light upon ques tions in which the public is deeply concerned, hut which heretofore have been cloaked in something almost like mystery. It is well for the country’s business interests and for the average citizen that the term “Money Trust” has been made clearer. The people have felt, how ever vaguely, that there was something secret and sinister in the practices of high finance; that there had sprung up a monoply of money, of credit, which was more dangerous to common interests than the monopoly of any field of maters products comu be; and that legislation to reform these conditions should be enacted. The hearings of the Pujo Committee have shown unquestionably that centralized control of credit in the hands of a comparatively few financiers does exist and, according to these financiers themselves, that such power might he used to the country’s grave detriment. This control, as one keen observer has said, is not “a deliberate, cold-blooded conspi racy,” but rather “a natural outcome of bad banking and currency legislation.” The essential fact, how ever, is the well proved and openly admitted exist ence of a group of interlocking interests that hold the key to the country’s money and credit—a small inner court of finance, responsible to no power higher than itself, yet capable, if it chose, of crushing out all freedom of enterprise and of wielding an absolute tyranny over the nation’s industrial and commercial life. - It is fortunate, indeed, that this condition of af fairs should have been brought into the searching and purifying light of publicity. The investigation by the Pujo committee has placed before Congress a wealth of evidence on which prudent and effective legislation can be based. THE NEW TEACHER By Dr. Frank Crane At the close of the first day of school the new teacher said: “Now, children, listen, and I will tell you how I have marked you, and give you my reasons. “In the first place, I will ex plain that I do not mark at all upon how well you get your les sons. You may really know much more about the subject than you can tell. Besides, you are not here to get lessons and pass examinations. You are here to grow. So I mark you upon how you show that you are making that kind of effort which forms character. “Jimmy Fitch I have given a good mark because he was the only one in the room who asked what the word ‘syndicate’ meant. None of the rest of you knew. Why. didn’t you ask? Asking questions is the best way to learn. Slurring over things you don’t understand is the best way to be come an ignoramus. If you are not curious it is a sign you are stupid. “Etta Rogers gets a good mark because her finger nails are clean. And she is the only child here whose finger ends are not in mourning. You will find it quite as important when you grow up to have clean finger nails as to know algebra. “Emma Montgomery is marked ‘good’ because when a button was torn from her dress playing at re cess she took a needle and thread from her desk and sewed it on. Also she carefully picked up the orange peel she lu.d dropped. I would rather have you all learn to clean up your own litter and look after your own clothes than to know how to spell every word in the dictionary. “Willy Waters I have given a high mark because when I asked him who Napoleon Bonaparte was he said: *1 don’t know.’ He probably had a vague no tion, but he did not seek to deceive me. I want you, when you cannot tell a thing in plain words, not to hem and haw, but to say at once: ‘I don’t know.’ To have an honest mind is better than having a stuffed one. “Charles Stuart is commended because he stands up straight, sits properly in his seat, and is not oth erwise slovenly in his habits. “During the day si;c promises were made me by six pupils. Only one of them, Henry Clark, did what he promised to do. So he has a high rating. When you become men and women and get the habit of promising thoughtlessly and not keeping your word you will be a nuisance to all those who have to do with you. Do what you say you will do; that is bet ter than being able to bound Illinois or tell the capi tal of Kamtchatka. , “Now you may run home, children. And remember that in this school there are no rules tut two: Do what you think is right and be cheerful. And in case you don’t know, ask.” Aerograms From Antiquity BY EDWARD J. COSTELLO BABYLON, March G(B. C. 708).—Short cuts to the millionaire class are to \>e Amrred by "law” in Babylo nia. Reports current today in the Temple, qf Baal, the chief seat of eomiq,erce in the kingdom, and prob ably the greatest public market house of the present age, were that certain patriots are planning legisla tion which is expected to prevent "combinations in restraint of trade.” The proposed legislation is believed to be aimed at the well known banking house of the Uons of Egibi. It is not denied that these “loan sharks” are in league with the priests of the Temple, and that they, with the religious money changers, are the middlemen be tween the producers and consumers. If the plans of the patriarchs work out there should be a substan tial reduction in the cost of living. It is asserted on good authority that the Sons of Egibi recently made overtures, secretly, to King Sar- gon eff Assyria, to buy tne bonds of that kingdom if he would send an army over here to overwhelm the present Babylonian monarch, Merodach-Baladan. For some ,cause not quite clear the bankers are much op posed to the present regime. It has been charged that the reason for this attitude is that they desire an other war in order that their present enormous wealth may be multiplied. The rul e here in Babylonia, among captains o_ finance who need more cash, is to start a war of some kind, and then lend the government the money to run it et exorbitant interest rates. The people are rushed into the armies under the guise of patriotism. The money barons reap their harvest in coupons, and th e nation garners a harvest of bleeding corpses and bereaved families. If the plans for the much-needed legislation carry the business man of Babylon can continue to bank regularly and issue his brick "cheques” and bills of exchange, but ho must be careful that he does not overstep the bounds of honesty, else the laWwill step in to preserve the rights of property. Human rights do not matter here any more than they do anywhere else on earth. Indeed, so keen are business instincts developed in this community that the priests of the temples quite naturally acquire expert ability in the conservation of property rights. That is why the greater part of the commerce of this country is centered in the temples. Unlimited quantities of food stuffs, clothing and other commod ities, which, eithqr as gifts to the temples or offer ings to the gods, pour in daily, are sold by the priests, who do not neglect to get their full share oi the profits. Nowadays one of the most important quali fications for admission to Temple priesthood is this aforesaid knowledge of property rights. it is in connection with these priests that the Sons of Egibi chiefly work. The firm is a very old one, founded in the year 1000. It carries on every sort of financial transaction. But, while the Sons make loans to private citizens, it is their loans to the king dom that have produced their greatest wealth. The firm once had the finances of the court entrusted to it for several generations. It collected the land taxes, tithes and dues for the use of public roads and paid them into the royal treasury. However, all this may he changed if the proposed legislation is adopted. It is quite possible that the Sons of Egibi will be unable to erect many more such palaces as that which stands near the Hanging Gar dens—at any rate not until after the constitutionality of the legislation is passed upon by the courts. Listen to the Dictagraph Another reason that more splendid minds are not heard from is that some of us put enough gray mat ter into a checker game to conduct a serious enter prise. * * * “It is true,” said Senator Sorghum, “that the devil is not as black as h e is sometimes painted. It is also true that be is not nearly as white as he is some times whitewashed.” • * * Speaking of tb e way the innocent suffer, Little Willie Miggs was chased two blocks by a near sighted man, who said Willie was making faces at him. Willie was only learning to play the jews’-harp. > “I’m kind o’ worried about that boy o’ mine,” said Farmer Corntossel. "He’s one of those young fellows that’s too smart to take advice and not quite smart enough to think it up for themselves.” True merit often gets slighted. While the frivo lous and irresponsible young men are eating salad at a picnic some honest, good-natured chap is getting weary and wounded carrying water and’ shucking sar dines. PHILANDER JOHNSON. Every organized agency engaged in promoting ru ral advance in the south will meet in Richmond, Va., from April 16 to 18, for the purpose of uniting on one great comprehensive plan to make country life in the south ern states more livable and more profitable. All told, there will be more than twenty con ferences taking up different as pects of this problem. Un sentimental business men who want the farmer to earn more on his farm that he may’spend more in the city will meet by themselves to devise ways and means. Farmers—real farm ers, with the furrow earth on their bootheels—will get to gether to iearn how >they can obtain more for their crops. State, county and district su pervisors of rural schools will plan methods of improved or ganization; teachers in the schools, professors in the col leges and universities, will find out by the inter change of ideas how to make themselves more effec tive; southern editors and rural preachers, in sepa rate conferences, will map out the ways by which press and pulpit may advance the movement. • • » At none of these conferences will there be the de livery of fine-drawn papers. Eloquence likewise will be barred. Instead, the proceedings will be like those at a board meeting of some great industrial corpora tion, where the directors, understanding the needs.of the company, assemble about a table to meet them. The talk will not deal merely with general problems, but rather will go at once into the questions of solv ing the problems. And, when each conference has hammered out its own conclusions, there will be a general meeting of all the sections where a feder ated plan of action will he laid down. f\ » » » With the definite completion of this plan, every southerner, no matter what his interests or occupa tion may be, will have a chance to do something to advance farm life in his section with the assurance that whatever he does will give strength to this gen eral union of effort. In other words, there will no longer be any overlapping of activities nor working at cross purposes. Moreover, as the great majority ol southerners live on the farm, every advance in the prosperity and • happiness of the rural districts will mean a like advance to the whole body politic. ... The official name of this convention of workers for better country living is the Sixteenth Conference for Education in the South. The fundamental aim of this body, when founded, was to advance the general wellbeing of the fifteen southern states; and as an immediate instrument to this end, the schools of the section were selected for improvement. It was early 'discovered, however, that the schools could not be improved to any material extent till they were voted more money. With this, also, came the further dis covery that the south was already voting a larger proportion of taxes to Its schools than was any other section, and that the burden could not further be in creased without! likewise increasing the resources of the population. * . . » . Now, owing to the ‘fact that farming is the prepon-, derant industry of the south, the question of increas ing the resources of the country is directly bound up with that of making the farmer more prosperous. Hence, by degrees, the Conference for Education in the South was idd to the apparently irrelevant sub ject of Improving rural conditions, which it is now taking up this year on a scale never before attempted. * • • In connection with this work, the conference will hold a unique "training school in marketing” for southern farmers, at which men connected with many kinds of .successful marketing associations will ex plain how these organiz -tions Are conducted. There are now 2,000 of these co-operative marketing associ ations in Wisconsin and Minnesota alone, where they constitute the farmer’s sole guarantee fhat he will be able to force a living price for his commodities from buyers and shippers. In the south, according to Dr A. P. Bourland, of Washington, D. C., executive sec retary of the conference, the unorganized farmer will continue to be at the mercy of the organized buyer ‘ and shipper till he, too, forms similar marketing asso ciations. A beginning in this direction has been mad« at some southern point-, notably at Staunton, Va. ’ where the apple growers have united, and on the east ern shore of Virginia, among the raisers of potatoes berries, cabbage and onions. There is likewise a co. operative creamery in North Carolina. But over tin south, as a whole, the movement has taken no vita) hold. Marked impetus to the movement for co-opera- tiv e marketing among ihe farmers of the south will be given,-it is anticipated, by the coming conferences where every detail of organizing and managing th< associations' will be explained by experts. ... • Once these associations are put into operation gen erally throughout the south, it is predicted that they will not only increase the farm price of produce, but also will raise the standard while lowering the cost of production, as well as condone to a more neighborly feeling among the producers themselves. ... Another subject to be taken up by the coming con ference is the tennat evil, which the business men will consider. At present, Dr. Bourland points out, almost one-third of the farms in North Carolina, Vir-" ginia, West Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee are cultivated by tenants, while in South Carolina, Geor gia, Alabama and Mississippi the proportion runs to more than two-thirds. In the first group of states, 29 per cent of the white farmers are tenants; in the second group, 43.7 per cent. If agriculture is to pros per in the south, it is contended, this percentage ma terially must be reduced, for the tenant is a sort of agricultural nomad who rarely remains more than one year in the same locality. Obviously, therefore, he has no permanent interest in the community where he happens to he for the time; he will not vote for better schools, and oftentimes will not even send his children to such schools as there are; he robs the soil without mercy, for he expects to get only one crop out of it; while his indolence, ignorance and gen eral shiftlessness are said to be responsible in large part for the fact that all or nearly all the best in southern civilization nowadays is centered in the cities. After laying plans to meet this evil, the business men who will attend the conference will take up the further questipn of obtaining cheap money for the farmer. As things now are, when the southern farmer goes to make a loan, he finds that after paying inter est, fees, papers, and so on, his interest sometimes runs as high as 20 per cent a year. This money, moreover, is taken out for a term of years on mort gage, which-means that while his need for money in nis business will fluctuate with the seasons, the loan itself will remain a constant quantity. Hence, during a large part of the year it is possible that less than half the money he has borrowed is working for him, while the interest rate of 20 per cent is ticking off on the full amount. When the business men who attend the coming conference go into the problem oft furnishing the farmer with cheaper money, they will be told of the co-operative credit systems of Germany, where farm ers deposit their savings in a bank owned by all ot them jointly, and place loans, terminable at will, with, each other under the guidance of the best business I men in the community. The«“Landwirtsqhaft” plan of | Prussia will also be dealt with.