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V • rTW* THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA. f TUESDAY, APRIL 1, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered, at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve - months 75c Six months 10c Three months # . 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. Agents war ted ct every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write K. R. BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle. L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. . NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you Insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. • Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY* JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. Soon there’ll be nothing left of Turkey hut the wishbone. Surprises of the Balkan War. Tile Balkan war has been a continual flashing of surprises. When the campaign began some seven months ago, military observers predicted that the Turkish army, famed for its discipline and valor, would soon scatter the forces of the little hot-headed penmsula' States; * diplomatic observers expected that in the event of prolonged fighting the Powers would certainly intervene and compel both fcamps to peace; and it is doubtful that even the Balkan leaders themselves had any serious hope of sending their troops victoriously on the road to Constantinople. But the rush of events has belied all these calcu lations. The Sultan’s army, far from being the mas terful machine it was considered, betrayed fatal ■ weaknesses in the very outset. Though led by brave generals, it lacked the essentials of an efficient army. It was ill provisioned, it was without moral enthusi asm, except in occasional instances; it proved to be moody with a spirit of rebellion that was deepened by political unrest at the capital. And so, after its first severe blows from the Balkan forces, this army fell back to a position of disheartened defence, almost entirely untempered of its one-time aggressiveness. The course pursued by the larger Powers has been singularly different from what might have been expected. Their efforts to bring about peace in the earlier stages of the war were unavailing. The Lon don peace conference, having ended without results, was followed by a bolder campaign than ever on the part of the Allies. The Powers persuaded Turkey Into accepting the cession of Adrianople as a basis for further negotiations, but the Balkan States, de ciding that they could win more through arms than diplomacy, continued their siege of that coveted city and finally swept over its fortifications. At this Juncture it was considered certain that the Powers would step into the arena and force an end to the conflict. It is a diplomatic tradition In Europe that only some weak and neutral nation can be safely entrusted with the control of the Bosporus; and for that reason they have Insisted upon preserv- i lng at least a nominal sway for Turkey at Constan tinople. Yet, despite the fact that the Powers, have virtual ly ordered the Allies to cease their campaign, the latter are pressing forward more vigorously than ever; and the larger Powers are somewhat puzzled as to just how they shall enforce their will, If the Balkan States keep fighting. It is not Impossible that Constantinople may yet fall and thus give rise to the most perplexing prob lem Europe has known for generations. England’s Proposal to Germany. World-wide interest has been aroused by the pro posal of Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Ad miralty, that both Great Britain and Germany forego the building of battleships during the year 1914. Should Germany approve the suggestion, a long stejj toward international peace would be taken and a vast deal would be done toward the relief of both countries from the crushing burdens of militarism. It Is not improbable that England’s pacific plan will be given friendly consideration by her great rival. Germany’s immediate and most urgent con cern is with its army, rather than its navy. Its plans in that direction call for vast expenditures and it is not unlikely that it will welcome .a season of suspended naval construction in order that it may devote unrestricted means to the development of its land forces. The German government realizes further that though it shopld continue building war ships stead ily for the next two years it could not hope to chal lenge the naval supremacy of England. Certainly, then, It would have nothing to ose but much to gain by accepting the British proposition. It is evident, too, that the masses of the German people are grow ing restive under a continuous and increasing pres sure of taxes for a vast armament. Public sentiment has frequently of late been outspoken in protest against a policy that diverts money from productive channels and yokes the country with almost unbear able expense. For her own part, England can well afford to discontinue her naval program io a year, so secure is her strength in this regard. During the Interim 'both nations would have time for sober reflection upon the appalling cost of eve: increasing arma ments and upon the wisdom and economy of peace. The example of two such great powers laying gside their rivalry and suspicon for a twelvemonth would doubtless constrain others to do likewise. Europe’s Preparation For the Panama Canal. An idea of the great interest and energy which the Panama canal has aroused in Europe may be gathered from the fact that a German steamship company has recently launched four nine-thousand- ton vessels which are to be used for South American traffic and has also placed orders for the construc tion of four additional steamers of thq same propor tions and for the same purpose. Each of the new ships, will have a speed eff fourteen knots an hour and accommodation for one hundred and twenty firstclass passengers and fourteen hundred and fifty « emigrants. Their owners are quoted as saying that their service will make it possible for persons in the United States who wish to reach South America to go.first to Europe and'thence to Argentina in less time and at'less expense than they can now go di rectly from New York. This is hut. one among many instances of the far- reaching preparation which the nations of the Old World are making for the opening of the Panama canal and the new era of commercial enterprise that will ensue. Germany is vying with England for ascendancy in the passenger and cargo trade that will develop; and all the other leading countries are astir with activity in the same direction. Ships are being built, embassies are being sent to : the South American republics to study the needs and tastes and to cultivate the good-will of their peoples. How different is the situation in the United States, the builder of the canal and the close neigh bor of these republics! We have slept over the op portunity at our very doorway, while far distant na tions are planning to seize it. The canal has cost us more than four hundred million dollars, but unless we bestir ourselves, its commercial benefits will be harvested by foreign interests. The new volumes of trade will not drift to us unsought. We cannot do business with South America unless v/e know its pe culiar trade conditions and demands and unless we have shipping facilities of our own, instead of hav ing to depend upon foreign and competing concerns. There is manifest- danger that in their pride over having built the canal, < Americans will neglect the means necessary to utilizing It. When a single Ger man steamship company builds eight big ships spe cifically for South American trade and when other Old World countries are everting themselves in like manner, it behooves the business interests of the United States to take note and 1 to do something for themselves.. / It takes a clever man to sidetrack a widow who has made up her mind to annex him, and he must be hard hearted, too. Our Government Should Recognize the Chinese Republic. The intimation from Washington that the United States government is soon to recognize the Chinese republic wins the, country’s hearty approval; may it soon he confirmed by official announcement! The republic of China has been established more than a year. It -has proved its right and its fitness to survive. It stands unchallenged as the one and ; only responsible; government of a great people; : The ' Manchu dynasty which it supplanted is a thing of the past, never to be restored. The old throne has been abdicated, has fallen and has, indeed, vanished from popular interest. The republic represents the only , authority with which our own and other na tions can deal in diplomatic business. -It would seem, therefore, that on the practical side alone there is fio reason for further delay in granting the new republic the recognition to which it- is entitled. On the contrary sound judgment as well as true'sentiment impels us to extend a prompt and cordial greeting to this new power in the great family of free nations. By refusing to make the United States a partner in the proposed six-power loan, under the terms of which China’s interests and Its very life would have been mortgaged to a group of foreign’money-lenders, the Wilson administration has proved its true friendship to the Chinese peo ple. The next logical step is to recognize the repub lic itself and thereby cement the honest and hapjjy relationships which now exist. In its struggle for freedom and Its endeavor to establish a responsible government, China has drawn its chief inspiration and guidance from the history and the institutions of the United States. It looks to us tqday as in the past for encouragement and friendship. Our nation should extend a hand of fellowship. Things are not always what their names would indicate. For instance, the vacuum cleaner is never used to clean vacuums. \ , Senator James Hamilton Lewis. The election of Hon. James Hamilton Lewis as United States senator from Illinois is gratifying to Democrats throughout the nation and peculiarly so to those of Georgia and of the South where Mr. j^ewis was reared. After a legislative-deadlock ex tending oyer many weeks, he has been chosen for the six-year senatorial term to which he was nom inated by the Democracy of Illinois with a quarter of a million votes. ’ • Thopgh born a Virginian, Senator Lewis is - a Georgian by all the ties of breeding and early asso ciation. His parents moved, to Augusta when he was an infant and, as a boy, he went to Savannah where he studied law and was admitted to the bar. Some twenty-seven years ago he determined to try his fortune in the far west and, having settled in Seattle, tie rose rapidly to distinction and public favor. He represented his district in Washington State in the fifty-fifth Congress. In 1903 he moved to Chicago where he was elected municipal counsel and served as vice-mayor. Later he was nominated Democratic candidate for Governor of Illinois and in divers other ways the popular esteem in which he is held has been attested. His old friends in Georgia congratulate him most cordially upon the latest honor he has earned. The election of Mr. Lewis brings the total Demo cratic strength in the senate to; fifty-one votes against a combined opposition of forty-five—a sub stantial majority which assures the success of the administration’s legislative program, if the Demo crats stand loyally together. The forty-five Repub lican votes will not be cast solidly against progres sive measures; for among them are a number of Sen ators who are frankly insurgent against the old guard of Standpatters. The Democrats are thus in effective control of both houses of Congress as well as the executive department; and what is even more assuring, progressive Democrats, among whom Sen ator Lewis Is to be numbered, control the party. A Batch of Smiles Little Freddy was preparing to go out calling with his mother. Suddenly he called to her in a rather startled voice: “Mamma, is this bay rum in the brown bottle?” “Gracious, ho, dear! That’s muci lage.” . ,. “Oh," said Freddy, then after a pause. “Maybe that’s why I can’t get my hat off.”—Metropolitan Mag azine. * * * Two hunters returning from the Catskills decided to try some New York City humor upon the agent of a li+tlo railroad station in the foot hills. “When does the 3:49 train get in?” asked one. The old man regarded him serious ly and at length. “Wa’ll,” said- he, “she generally gets in just a leetle behind the - engine.” Later they approached him re spectfully. “About time that train is due, uncle?” “Yes,” said the agent, “she’s about due. There comes the conductor’s dog.”-—Everybody's Magazine. isn’t it. An Irishman, brought before a justice of the peace charge of vagrancy, was thus questioned: “What trade are you?” ‘Shure, now, yer honor, an’ I’m a sailor.” “You a seafaring man? I ques tion whether you were ever at sea in, your life.” “Shure, now, an’ doez your honor thing I came over from Ireland in a wagin?” When apprehended and charged with larceny the man had admitted i s guilt, but at his trial his attor ney defended him with much bril- liancy. “Gentlemen,” said the judge, with a benevolent smile, “the prisoner says he is guilty. ’ His counsel says he is not. You must decide between them.” ‘ Then, after an effective pause: “There is one* thing to remember, The American Spirit. “While Americans may seem to be self-cen tered in periods of sunshine, they are invariably found to be self-sacrificing in times of distress.” This thoughtful comment of Vice President Mar shall on the nation-wide sympathy and help that are going forth to the flood victims of Ohio and In diana describes an inherent quality of our country’s people. Americans are known ordinarily for their alertness in practical affairs, their aggressiveness in trade, their genius for organizing vast industries and building great fortunes. They are admired for their mechanical skill and often reproached for their so-called materialism. They are sometimes regarded as a nation of money-makers and money spenders. These, after all, however, are but surface traits; they are the ways of the market place, not the deeper impulses of heart and home. Whenever the time and need for self-forgetfulness and help of others arise, the American spirit . unfailingly rings true. There is no other country In the world where such great donations to philanthropic purposes are made and there is none where hqinan suffering and want bestir a wider or more generous response. No sooner had the wires brought the news of the flood disasters than there.began spontaneously and throughout the nation, a movement to raise re lief funds. These subscriptions have not been lim ited to any one section or to any one class of peo ple. Thousands of men with the most modest of incomes have responded as promptly as those of great wealth; and women and children have joined in the generous donations. President Wilson’s apeal that all Americans make the disasters their common cause has received a nation-wide response. It is peculiarly gratifying to note that The Journal’s relief fund is being splen didly supported by the people of Atlanta and Geor gia and the South. The Red Cross in the Flood. The efficient service of the Red Cross in the flood-swept district: of Ohio demonstrates the value of experience and organization in all charitable en deavors. The trained workers of this society are meeting a crisis that would be well- ugh insurmount able by unskilled or haphazard means. They have arrived promptly on the field and they know just how to begin the great task before them. ' Through their weli-planned efforts, the relief funds that are being subscribed the country over will be so administered as to produce the largest possible measure of results. There will be a min imum of waste and of misdirected energy; there will be a maximum of practical aid to those in need. How different might the situation be when so vast a field is to be covered, if the money and the other donations were applied without foresight or direction! There would be an overflowing surplus in some quarters and neglected suffering in others. Mere generosity, mere charity can never accomplish what it sets out to do, unless it is guided by wis dom and by a thorough knowledge <jf the work at band; at least this is true of such far-reaching needs as now exist in the flood territory. It is proportionately true of all such activities whether they have to do with some great emergency or with ordinary needs and misfortunes. The pur-' pose of far-sighted charity is not simply to meet the problem of an hour and to let future complexities take care of themselves but fo grapple with the source of the trou ble and to open a path to the indi vidual’s permanent welfare. The Red Cross shows on a large scale the values of method, system and experience in all kinds of philanthropy. The fact that it is at the helm of the relief work for the flood sufferers assures the pub lic that contributions will be well directed. J. Pierpont Morgan. There has passed in the death of Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan the foremost figure in the world of finance.' Through a long and vigorous life, he has impressed his genius upon American history and has .made his name and his power familiar among all nations. He strove not so much for the upbuilding of a per, sonal fortune as* for the accomplishment of great en terprises, the working-out of great ideas which, how ever contrary they may have been at times to the freer tendencies of his age and country, were none the less the ideas of a true master. Mr. Morgan will long be admired for his won drous grasp of affairs, his power of performance, his personal integrity and for his generous interest in philanthropy, and art THE SUPERFLUITIES By Dr. Frank Crane Beware of the superfluities! They crowd out the’, necessities. The more things you have that you ddn’t want the less you Lave that you do want. The reason why prosperity so often degrades life is that there can be no noble, life without simplicity. If yo,u want to write, for in stance, it is better to use a plain deal table than a mahogany, carved table studded with dia monds, because the cheap arti cle does not detract, your. atten tion, require your, care, nor in any wise get in yoiur way. To own a real pearl necklace and a guart of diamond rings is to clog your life. They do noth ing to yqu but .tickle your vanity, which is contemptible; while. in others they provoke jealousy, en-- vy, perhaps robbery and murder. Why bother with them? The best kind of lffe, it is uni versally acknowledged, ts that kind that has tne most worthy enthusiasms. To get pleasure out of music, literature, the arts, travel and the intercourse with superior minds, deepens and enriches your personality. An over-big house, a retinue Of % servants, several au tomobiles, horses, dogs, expensive clothes, and a hun dred wagonloads of bric-a-brac render this best kind of .life impossible. It is a common complaint that there are so many things goir.g on and so many demands mada upon us in our modern life that w© have no time for self cul ture. If we would unload our superfluities we would find time. Cut out the superfluous “friends” of your social world. Resign fVom your strife for precedence. Get your living down to the bare romforts and necessities and you will, feel as gay and free as a boy when he first takes eff his shoes and runs barefoot over the grass in spring. You need leisure. You need hours in which to grow and ripen. You cannot hav© this unless you re duce your program of life to simple terms. Luxury, extravagance, great possessions, intense activity in society, are utterly incompatible with gen uine refinement and richness of character. They spell Philistinism. Nobility is impossible in any other than the f“sim- ple lfe.” And to long for the superfluities is as bad as to have them. PANAMA EXPOSITIONS By Frederic J. Haskin At the End of the Rainbow SOME OF LIFE’S HARDSHIFS. “My cave has been out of repair for several days and I have been sleeping in a hollow tree,” said the wild man of the woods. “This accounts for my de jected appearance. I had to leave my feet outdoors, as there wasn’t room for the whole of me in the tree, so I caught a bad cold, and for a day or two I was feeling like the.day after the circus, but I took some of the remedies so freely supplied by generous nature. I ate some slippery elm bark and boiled a lot of buds and barks and drank the tea, and already I’m on the highway to recovery. By this time tomorrow I’ll be ready to whip my weight in cross-eyed catamounts. That’s the beauty of living in the sylvan solitudes. A man learns to turn to nature for all he needs and nature never turns him down. “Had I caught cold while living in the busy haunts how different it would have been! My wife would ha.v© in^sted,on. soaking my feet in hot water, which is the time honored, remedy of all hous. ,vives. I have no doubt that reasonably hot water is a good thing, but women think you don’t get the right results Un less the water is fairly, sizzling. I used to have to boil my feet every time I caught a cold, and v/hen they were cooked until they looked like mock turtles I had to climb into bed and my wife piled all the rugs and blankets in the place on me. When I arose from my couch of suffering next morning I felt like an old dish towel that had been run through a wring er three times. “My wife was an incomparably fine woman and her bright smile haunts me still, but she simply couldn’t realize that when a man was sick he wanted to be let alone. She was bound to fuss around him and brew unholy decoctions for him and call in the neighbor women for consultations, and so there was absolutely no comfort or satisfaction in being sick. She clung to th e venerable superstition that no med icine can be effective unless it tastes like a ratifica tion meeting in Pekin, and the dope she used to com pound when I was off my feed would make your blood run cold. “She was particularly partial to a stew of onions, flavored with a dash of codliver oil. You don’t know what affliction is, my friend, until you go up against that compound. It was her sovereign remedy for a cold, in conjunction with the scalding footbath and the mountain of blankets. I used to entreat her, with tears rolling down my wan cheeks, to pass up the on ion mixture, but she wouldn’t listen to the proposi tion. She’d call in th© next door neighbor to help her, and they managed to get the dose down me. One would hold my nose with a firm grip and the other would pry open my mouth with a cold chisel and the nefarious job was done, i could taste that onion stuff for six weeks after I swallowed it. “My wife also had great faith in mustard plasters, and to be prepared for all emergencies she kept a can of oldfashioned mustard so strong fhat it smoked when you took the lid off. No one can make me be lieve that there is any virtue in mustard plasters. If a patient must be scorched and blistered, let him sit on a red hot stove in peace and comfort and read the sporting department of the evening paper. I was so afraid of those plasters that when I had an ache or a pain I’d scuffer in silence as long as I could. But my wife, whose motives were the best in the world, though her practices Were abominable, was al ways on the watch for symptoms, and I couldn’t fool her long. if i had a crick in the back she’d get wise ta it with marvelous cunning, and the first thing I knew she’d be saying, ‘Augustus Adolphus, you come right into the house this minute and let me put a mustard plaster on your back!’ ( “I suppose I was an easy mark, but I never could take a firm stand on such occasions. Rather than see my wife disappointed and miserable, I’d yield to her ministrations and she’d build a bonfire in the small of my back with her blamed old mustard, and ipy ag onized shrieks could be heard all over the neighbor hood. “I' endured this ‘ sort of thing with superhuman patience for years, but the mustard plaster hai>it grows on a woman and it became a mania with my wife. She wanted to plaster me for every trifling ill. When I could stand it no longer I fled to the fcjrest primeval.” i WALT MASON. Pointed Paragraphs At any rate, the blackberry crop is reasonably safe. The peach crop is showing an ability to come back. Ty Cobb is holding off just as if he had been of fered an ambassadorship. Reports from Washington are that the plum crop also sustained a slight damage. The college graduate needn’t fear. There will be work for all in the Georgia peach, orchard. California will tie host to the world In 1915. For a whole year its chief object will be to entertain mil lions of people from everv part of the globe. The oc casion will be the official open ing of the Panama canal. The object will be to inform the world of the greatness of Cal ifornia, in particular, ahd of Pacific America in general. From the dawn to the twilight of 1915 the cties of San Fran cisco and San Diego with their two expositons will make the year a red blotch of achieve ment and entertainment on old Father Time’s drab calendar. * * . San Francisco within its Golden Gate and San Diego, nestling in the arch of its cwn Silver Gate, expect to show the human race the greatest inter national two-rlnged circus ever staged. More than that, they think their combined efforts will produce the universal Circus Maximus. So It will if an outlay of $70,000,000 and 70,000,000 tons of ener gy and brains count for anything. Their motto now is “Greatest and Best.” After 1915 they think it will be: “California; the State That Made Panama Fa mous.” / * • • California has been planning to astonish the world in a signal way since 1909. when the idea of celebrat ing the Panama achievment in proper form was first broached definitely by G. A. Davidson, then president of tne San Diego chamber of commerce. Out of that thought is growing the Panama-Pacific International exposition at San Francisco and the Panama-Callfor- nia exposition at San Diego. Never before has one state tried to do two such big things at once. ... President Charles C, Moore and his assistants hope to create the greatest world's fair In history in the Panama-Pacific International exposition at San Francisco. It will open February 20 and close De-. cember 6, 1915. The area will he 625 acres, about the same as the Chicago exposition, but with greater floor space for exhibition purposes. The testimony of offi cials and exhibitors was that the St. Louis fair of 1904 was spread over altogether too much ground. The San Francisco fair will cost about $60,000,000. The citizens of California subscribed $7,000,000: the state appropriated $5,000,000, and the city of San Francisco issued bonds for $5,000,000. Several mil lions of dollars will be raised by the fifty-eight coun ties of California for theij individual displays. Fully thirty-five foreign nations will send costly exhibits, and all the great commercial concerns of the world, without reference to color or creed, jvlll spend large sums In the advertisement of their wares. • • • Chronologically the story of the San Francisco fair is: Authorized by act of congress January 31, 1911: first spadeful of earth on the exposition site turned by President Taft October 14, 1911; authorized to in clude in its area the adjoining military reservatioh by act of congress January 18, 1912; heralded before the world by presidential proclamation dated February 2, 1912, as a universal exposition to which all nations were invited to send exhibits and visitors. The actual construction work on the main buildings will begin in July of this year and must be finished within one year. The fleets of all the great nations will assem ble in Hampton Roads, Va., In January or February, 1916. Their commanders will be received In Washing ton by President Wilson. The president will return to Hampton Roads with them and there will review the greatest international naval display In history. After which the fleets will proceed to San Francisco via the Panama canal, and the fair will open Febru ary 1 20, closing December 4. • • • Occasion, sit© and climate ■will combine to help San Francisco make good its boast that the coming exposition will be the best ever attempted. Air other world's fairs have commemorated some historic event of the past. The Panama-Pacific International expo sition will be a distinctive adjunct of the opening of the Panama canal, an event nbt only historic, not only of national importance, but one of great interna tional moment and an event of the world. The loca tion of the fair grounds on the shore of San Francisco bay, with a frontage of over two miles, facing the playground of the navies of the world as they do their part In the exposition program, is an advantage which no other fair has enjoyed in this country, T^ie climate will enable the exposition to stay open from winter to winter, with a temperature averaging 59 de grees throughout the entire nine and one-half months. Fully half of that time the weather will be ideal for the thousands of families who will live in tents in the nooks around the bay while they visit the fair in an easy-going fashion. • • • Eleven great palaces of exhibits will be built- fine arts, education, social economy, liberal arts, man ufactures and varied industries, machinery, transpor tation, agriculture, live stock, horticulture, mines and metallurgy. They will form the center of the exposi tion, and will be connected by a series of courts, the central one to be 500 by 900 feet. Green vines and flowers will predominate instead of the ghostly, un adorned plaster walls so common in previous exposi tions. The foreign and state exhibits will stretch along the shore. The Midway of the Golden Gate, which will be the amusement street, and other attrac tions of a similar nature, will be on the other side and will reach almost into town. • • • A great feature will be that the fair will be selec tive 7 and not collective. Quality will be aim, not quantity. A new departure will be a palace devoted to social science in which will be shown with great completeness the progress of the world in the uplift of humanity. • • • Correlative with the exposition will be the first session of the Congress of Confederated Nations of the World. It is planned to have only the greatest men of the world in that body, and they will discuss the vital problems of all nations. What more appro priate time than the opening of the watercourse which will unite the world’s great maritime high ways? What better place than the city whose enter prise brings the American people face to face with the greater problems and opportunities of the Orient and Latin-America? Over fifty years ago William H. Seward said: “The problems of the future are to be solved upon the shores of the Pacific.” These conferences may prove preliminary steps toward uni versal peace and a world confederation. ** • * * * San Diego’s Panama-California exposition was born on August 25, 1909, when G. A. Davidson, then president of the city chamber of commerce, assembled the directors and told them that San Diego was the proper place to hold a world’s fair to celebrate the opening of the' Panama canal. * ♦ * The San Diego exposition easily will rank with the Pan-American, the Lewis and Clark, and the Yu kon fairs. Enthusiasts claim that it will far surpass them. Certainly, it will be more unique and will have a richer ‘ejting. The fair will cause an outlay of fully 120.000,000. The citizens of San Diego, a city of less than 75,000 people, raised the sum of $2,000,000 to start the pro^ct. Nearly $6,000,000 is being spent on a magnificent sea wall. John D. Spreckels is build ing the San Diego and Arizona railway, a distance of 220 miies, on a new and lower grade. Nearly $5,000,- 000 will be spent in Balboa park, the magnificent do main of *,400 acres in whose lap the exposition will ' be held. Over eleven miles of docks and 1,000 acres of reclaimed land for warehouse and factory site® will be ready to astonish the visitor when the fair opens on January 1, 1915. The exposition will last a whole year.