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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA. ( FRIDAY, APRIL 4, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months > 76c .Six months 40c Three months 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. ^ Agents warted at every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R- BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have are J, A. Bryan, R. 'F. Bolton, C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. The Recognition of China. The definite announcement that the United States government has decided to recognize the republic of China will be received with intense enthusiasm in that distant land and with hearty satisfaction by the American people. Following a conference be tween President Wilson and Secretary Bryan on Wednesday, a note is being prepared by the State department, to be presented to the Chinese govern ment at an early date. This timely action by the-United States is sound diplomacy and true justice. The Wilson administra tion manifested its regard for China’s rights and in terests when it refused to become a party to the pro posed six-power loan through which the young re public would have been bound body and soul to a group of foreign financiers. Official recognition of the Chinese govern, rent will now affirm the thorough going sincerity of that particular act and will cement a friendship that should prove fruitful to both countries. The relationships between the United States and the old China were notably cordial. It was the honest and vigorous stand of our diplomacy more than a decade ago that spared China from the avarioe of European powers. At a time when the partitioning of the empire was threatened, the Uni ted States lifted an emphatic-demand for China’s in tegrity and for an open door of trade. We have even greater cause for a generous policy toward the republic than toward the former regime. Under the quickening influence of freedom, the Chinese people will develop in political and commer cial power and will become one of the truly great .nations of the earth. Our recognition of their new government, which is now fully established and un challenged, will earn their gratitude and their per manent good will. Fighting the Cattle Tick. The Whitfield county commissioners have done Well in appropriating a substantial fund to aid the farmers in a thoroughgoing campaign against the cattle tick. They will join with the State in em ploying experts to fight this pest in their communi ty and put the county’s resources vigorously behind the movement. From the standpoint of taxpayers in general and farmers in particular a better investment of the pub lic’s money could not he made. Until the cattle tick is eradicated, Georgia’s great opportunities in the live stock and dairying industry cannot be realized. The State authorities, assisted by the federal govern ment, are doing excellent work in this connection but it is. important that their means and efforts should be supplemented by the individual counties. Stamping Out Zapata. However questionable may have been the means Tiy which Huerta attained the provisional presidency of Mexico,- he will have rendered his country true service, if he succeeds in stamping out the spirit of petty rebellion. That is now his chief task and pur pose. He has found that persuasive measures are of no avail with that arch mischief-maker, Zapata, whose marauding bands hold southern Mexico in terror and have long been a monace to all established government; and, so, a vigorous, relentless campaign is being planned. How successful this movement will prove remains to be seen. The Zapata forces, though made up most ly of adventurers who live from hand-to-mouth and who are fighting for plunder rather than principle, are so scattered and so adroit in ambush warfare that it will be no easy matter to reckon with them. A decisive engagement will be impossible; the Gov ernment troops must beat from one rendezvous to another and all the while be exposed to unexpected attacks. Such a campign will doubtless require months to make any considerable headway. In the meantime, the rebels of the north are be coming more aggressive, so that the despatch of a large part of the regular army to that region is im perative. Huerta thus finds himself amid circum stances akin to those which wrought his predeces sor’s undoing. Madero’s intentions were seemingly just and patriotic but he lacked the iron qualities that were necessary to carry them into effect. In tins particular, Huerta gives more promise. His lack of scruple over means when an important end is to be attained will stand him in good service. If the army remains loyal to him, he will probably press his grim program to completion and drown the rebellion in its own blood. There is no likelihood that the Huerta regime will mean self-government to Mexico. Indeed, that coun try has shown itself, for the time being at least, incapable of thoroughgoing self-government. Its freedom is yet to be earned and learned, through humble tasks and hard experience. In its present condition, the majority of its thinking people will doubtless welcome an intelligent dictator. The im mediate business is to root out anarchy, for there are times when any government is better than none. Mexico needs peace above all else for the present, peace from the irresponsible bands' who are the worst enemies to true liberty and reform. The South’s Mineral Wealth. In a bulletin on the mineral resources of the South, the United States Geological Survey declares that the clay deposits of this section “probably ex ceed in erea and volume those of any other portion of the United States.” The industrial significance of this estimate can scarcely be overgauged; and to Georgia, where vast fields of kaolin lie undevel oped, its promise is particularly rich. When this treasure, seemingly humble but royal in its possi bilities, is turned to account, as inevitably it will be, the State will take a leading place in one of the world’s most important fields of manufcturing. The report of the Geological Survey reveals a surprising variety of mineral wealth in the South. Its area of "workable coal is reckoned at one hun dred and four thousand, six hundred and ninety-six square miles with a productive capacity for nearly seven hundred billion tons, of which, up to the present time less than two billion tons have been mined.” The Southern States are rich also in iron ores, found in Georgia, Alabama, the Carolinas, Vir ginia and West Virginia, Maryland, Texas, Tennes see, Kentucky, Arkansas and Missouri. “The output of the ten producing States in 1911,” says the Louisville Courier-Journal in commenting on the Government’s report, "was valued at seven million, three hundred and seventy-nine thousand, two hun dred and sixty-seven dollars; while estimates of the available iron ore places it at five hundred mil lion tons, together with a much larger quantity of low-grade ore.” In addition to iron and coal, the survey shows that the South possesses deposits of twenty-two distinct minerals, now yielding something like a million dollars a year. Noteworthy among these are lead, zinc, copper, phosphate and building stone. There is, perhaps, no Southern State whose min eral resources exceed Georgia's in variety or in potential value. Gold \tas found in White county as far back as 1829 and silver also is in evidence. It is interesting to recall that nearly three-quarters of a century ago a branch mint was established at Dahlonega, so important had the mining of the pre cious metals become. Future industry, nowever, is likely to take other direction^. There is now a considerable production of iron ore and valuable deposits of ochre, manganese, and bauxite are being exploited. Dade nd Walker counties are known among geologists for their coal fields. Georgia marble is famous throughout the Union as a building and ornamental stone and Georgia granite, the sup ply of which is practically inexhaustible, is becom ing more and more widely reputed. Brick clays and fire clays are widely distributed in various parts of the State and these, in time, will doubtless develop large economic value. Indeed, the work of synthetic chemistry has just begun in Georgia’s mineral deposits. As it pro gresses, the State’s natural, treasure will unfold more and more impressively and industrial enter prises now but dimly foreseen will emerge. This is a truly remarkable commonwealth whose soil produces nearly all the necessaries of life, cloth fiber as well as food, and at the same time embosoms at a wondrous store of mineral riches. The industrial opportunities of the State are no less marked and varied than those of agriculture. When Georgia’s day of development is fully under way, it will prove to be one of the treasure troves not only of America but of all the world. A Service of Science to the State. If the response of the individual farmer is what it should be and what it ought to be be, the State department of entomology will be distinctly success ful in its efforts to check or counteract the ravages of the boll weevil in Georgia. This destructive pest, which entered the United States from Mexico some twenty ; :ars ago, and which has spread until now it imperils a large area of the cotton-growing States, is moving steadily upon Georgia. Indeed, its present outposts are said to be but a few miles from the southwestern counties, so that prompt and thorough going action is necessary if its ruinous effects are to be averted. State Entomologist Worsham faced a particularly difficult problem when he set-out to combat the boll weevil. His hope lay in persuading farmers to plant varieties of cotton that would mature early and thereby escape the threatened enemy. But he found, as he expressed it, “that the early-matur’ng varie ties were not wilt-resisting” and so he had the task of developing from the latter a variety that would mature early. This, he has succeeded in doing; and the accom plishment of his department at so crucial a stage of the State’s agricultural life cannot be overvalued. Due co-operation on the part of the planters will save hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of dol lars and will spare Georgia from the great misfor tune that befell States which were less prompt and skillful in their preparations. The service of the State department of entomol ogy in this connection is typical of the far-reaching value of science to public and practical interests. It should be an example to the Legislature of the wis dom of dealing generously with all such branches of the State’s work and of encouraging all the endeav ors of conservation. Morgan, The Man. It is a high commentary on the character of J. Pierpont Morgan for every one, even his critics, to declare that the making of money was but an inci dent of his life, and in no wise its chief end or purpose. He was the world’s rarest master of finance because he ruled the millions that swept into his grasp and was not himself ruled by them as lesser men would have been. His personal fortune was probably very great, though by no means among the greatest of his time; and his control of industry and enterprise reached into sums almost inconceiv ably vast. Yet, all these billions express but one phase, and that a minor one, of a genius that dwelt in ideas rather than in things and that was more concerned with the creative spirit than with the material in which it wrought. The passing of Mr. Morgan leaves stock markets undisturbed, partly because his end had been anti cipated and counter-balanced and partly, too, because well established Institutions are independent of any one man, however great he may be. The vacancy of the financier is flllei- and soon forgotten, but the power of Morgan, the builder, the breadth of Morgan, the man, will loom even larger in his memory than in his life. Yet, such questioning means little, for after all "tis not what man does that exalts him, hut what he would do;” and in the drift and impulse of Morgan’s life, we see the gleam of true greatness, the light that is wondrous, whatever be the medium through which it shines. THE BAFFLING SOUL By Dr. Frank Crane You can measure a wall or a carpet with a yard stick; you cannot measure the lightning - . You can cast a plumbline down a pit or fathom the ocean's depth, bpt you cannot tell how deep is the grief of a mother with her dead child in her lap. You can calculate" the distance of a star, but there are no lenses or logarithms by which to esti mate the joy of two lovers. You can analyze water, earth or gases, and determine their con stituent parts, but you cannot get at. the elements that compose innocence, conscience or remorse. You can set a value in dollars and cents upon the services of a salesman or a bricklayer, but you cannot even approximate the value of an act of unselfish help fulness. What is the price of a golden Seed? What price-mark shall we put upon the act of a fireman who dies trying to save a human being in a burning building, or of a mother drowning that her baby may be rescued, of the po liceman shot 'at his post of duty, of such as Regulus and Nathan Hale? There are sentiments before which reason is dumb and even theology is confounded. Moses asked that his own nam/e he blotted from Jehovah’s remembrance if his people were not to be saved; and Paul declared himself willing to be accused for his brethren’s sake. There is not so tall an angel in the human heart as self-sacrifice. There is no shine, of sun, of lamps, or of rose-cut diamonds, so dazzling and beautiful as certain shin- ings of the face when a high thought burns behind it. There are no flowers so tinted and fragrant as certain flowers that grow in the garden of hearts. Weigh the clouds and measure the east wind, but wherewithal shall you gauge the pressure of passions, or with what aerometer shall you indicate the storm force of desire? The earthquake makes its record upon the seismo graph, but where is the record of the trembling that seizes souls, such as bleached the heart of Jean Val Jean? And what of the spirit’s phonograph, called memo ry; the spirit’s telephone called sympathy; and the spirit’s heat and cold, called love and hate? There are more mysteries in the mind of man than in all heaven and hell; there are further distances than* Arcturus, snowier peaks than the Himalayas, and stiller, stranger deeps than the underseas. Cause of the Floods There is every reason t<> believe that the report of the proposed Labrador current and gulf stream com mission would show that the present deluge in Ohio and Indiana, and also the tornadoes and cyclonic storms of the United States, are directly attributable to the presence of the col* Labrador current between the warm gulf stream and our coast. The area of the warm surface of the gulf stream may be safely estimated at fifty miles in width and 1,500 miles in length, from which vast quantities of moist, warm air rise into the initial motive stratum of the atmosphere moving ever southwestward and forming a great blanket above us, with a constant westward tendency. How far this great moist blanket goes westward before it is precipitated as rain de pends prima;. / upon its altitude; the altitude largely depends upon Its initial volume and temperature, and these upon the cold currents which the blanket meets Initially. The first great reducing and also condensing influence is the Labrador current, constantly chilling the surface or aerial counter-current that flows from our coast toward the gulf stream. If it were not for this cold current, the moist blan ket would seem to have sufficient latent heat under normal conditions to reach the Rocky mountains before it was finally precipitated by the ascension, rarefica- tion and consequent refrigeration caused by these mountains, precipitating en route part of its moisture in gentle showers as it gradually cooled under the re frigerating Influence above it, and thus watering our arid western plains. The warmth and moistufe of the Pacific coast are carried from that ocean by the eastward moving cur rent of the great initial rhoving stratum above it. This counter-current does not pass eastward of the Rocky mountains, while the principal source of our rainfall and much of the heat of the United States east of the Rocky mountains come from the gulf stream. The nearer this blanket layer is to the earth the more it is affected by wind currents between it and the earth’s surface. These wind currents cause precipitation and great or sudden changes of barometric or atmospheric pressure; the heavy blanket is indented or punctured, and this induces still greater disturbances. If the purposes of H. R. bill 28,239 are carried out, providing for a Labrador current and gulf stream com mission, the underlying c use of the initial currents of the ocean and the atmosphere will be ascertained, and the new incumbent of the office of weather bu reau chief will be in a position to better the predic tions of the outgoing Chief Moore.—New York Times. Across the Atlantic By Air. The London Daily Mail’s offer of a fifty-thousand dollar prize for the airman who flies across the At lantic has bestirred new interest in that romantic sphere of aviation. It is rather surprising that a fancy which once possessed America so strongly but which of recent years has apparently been abandoned should now be revived by the prudent Old World. Since Wellman’s adventure in 1910, which ended be fore it had fairly begun, little has been said or thought in this country of trans-Atlantic flights. In deed, all fields of aeronautics have lain more or less fallow in the United States for seasons past. In Europe, on the contrary, there have been unflagging interest and noteworthy achievements. Governments have appropriated millions for air fleets and capital ists have invested large sums in air ship manufac tures. The Daily Mail’s flashing offer is a reflection of the enthusiasm that has been steadily growing. Indications are that there wiil be a number of aspirants to the newspaper’s prize and the historic honor it holds for any one hardy and fortunate enough to achieve it. Gordon England, a British aviator, and Herr Rumjjler, a German inventor have already signified their intention of entering the con test; the Eleriots and Captain F. S. Cody are also prospective competitors. The Mail expresses confi dence, based as it declares on expert opinion, that its trophy will be won before the end of 1914. When the amazing progress which aviation has made within the past decade is remembered, it is in no wise unthinkable that a flight across the Atlantic may be accomplished within the present generation; for, the achievements of the past ten years are not only greater than could have been reasonably pre dicted, they have also opened the way for exploits still more wonderful. ^OUAITRY fjOME TOPICS {^Co/wera vrms.u H-Smcwi WHAT REALLY COUNTS. It matters little where I was born. Of if my parents were rich or poor; Whether they shrank from the cold world’s scorn, Or walked in the pride of wealth secure; But whether I live an honest man, And hold my integrity firm in my clutch, I tell you my brother, as plain as I can, It matters much. It’s yourself, my brother, and my sister, that real ly counts. You might have a lordly English title to boast of away back in the passing centuries and still be sorry folks in the century you live in. And when you sift it down to the bottom it is your own integrity, your uprightness and your honor that is going to count here as well as hereafter. Perhaps I have not been eager or properly indus trious in hunting up roots for my family tree, but I know the criticism that is heaped on various people who assume to be superior people in the history of their forbears when the world understands they are simply boasters or perhaps mistaken. Such a mistake will continue to be embarrassing to those who assume too much, and also those who lay claim to superior notice because some of their kin was a governor or a general away back yonder. There is nobody going to get on the housetops to yell to passersby that Mr. Lorimer or Mr. Archbold, who have lately been disgraced by ex pulsion from two of the highest positions in the coun try. Yet those two men happened to be caught, fetand out, and in my opinion were equally as good as some reputations I am acquainted with who were equally as culpable, but who escaped detection for a long time and who deserved the same fate if human justice had been properly meted out according to the force of public opinion. Honesty is the basic stone of all individual characters, honesty of purpose, honesty in thought and honesty in action. It is “inner light that never fails," and without guch ingrained honesty the individual risks both character and real happiness in his intercourse with the world. It surely means much when a person is truthful especially to his own hurt. It takes a brave person to stand up and oppose those who are en trenched in power «,nd authority, especially when one feels that the truth and the facts demand such oppo sition and that falsehood deserves to be unmasked. Especially is this true in modern politics. Nearly every capable person deserves to be of service to the coun try that he claims as his own, but the rancor and the rage that pursues the man who dares/ to oppose old traditions and the politicians who make money and acquire fame by deceiving the masses is something im- measureable and outrageous when encountered. I have seen such remorseless conduct when it was ac tually known that such politicians were corrupt vote sellers and unworthy of trust, yet the masses, who were led along by senseless cries, actually wer© ready to crucify the patriot because he dared to tell the well established truth on these unworthy legislators. The millenium will be here when the honest men of these United States can band together and have sufficient authority to enforce the law of honesty and plain jus tice to rich and poor alike. CHEAP PROTECTION FROM LIGHTNING. In the year 1909 the following appeared in a widely circulated farm journal. I thought it was worth sav ing. After the terrible cyclone and flood experiences of the present month I think it is a good time to re print it in the columns of The Semi-Weekly Journal: as from 700 to 800 people are killed, twice as many injured and an immense amount of property destroyed by lightninL every year, Prof. Henry, of the weather bureau, thinks more attention should be given to pro tection from, lightning. The professor has recently pre pared a paper on this subject, and it has been published as Farmers’ Bulletin No. 367, of the United States de partment of agriculture. In explaining what lightning is and how to prevent buildings from being struck, he gives an instructive elementary discussion of electric ity, conductors, and nonconductors positive and ega- tive electrification and electricity in thunder storms. It is the practical part of this paper, however, which will appeal most strongly to the farmers of the country. Prof. Henry shows how lightning rods that are "inexpensive yet effective" may be put up by any body. The following is his list of the necessary ma terials: Enough galvanized iron telegraph wire to serve for th e rod, a pound of galvanized iron staples to hold the wire in place, a few connecting tees, and a pound of aluminum paint. He says: "While iron is not so good a conductor as copper, it is less likely to cause dangerous side flashes, and it also dissipates the energy of the lightning flash more effectively than does the copper.” The method of putting up the rods is explained and illustrated. This bulletin is for free distribution. I shall never forget an experience that came to me in the Palmer House, Chicago, during the Columbian exposition. My room was on the corner of State and Monroe, seventh story. A great mass of telegraph wires circled around that corner. A terrific thunder storm came up in th e night, a record breaker. My son and myself were occupying the capacious room and the blaze of the lightning became so terrifying that we dressed ourselves and sought one of the parlors. It seemed to us that we were to be actually scorched with the blazing flashes. Th© Irish chambermaids, several hundred, spent the night in terror on their knees, as the housekeeper told me. After day broke and the storm subsided, I gFew to believe that the mass of wires that circled that high corner were perhaps our principal help as to safety. NITRATE OF SODA. Every year somebody makes an experiment and then tells us of the wonders that come out of this super-excellent fertilizer. If it didn’t cost so much there would b e more general use of it. But the cost is largely counterbalanced by its superior excellence and the small quantity that is applied. For market gardeners it would appear that nitrate of soda is abso lutely th e best that can be used on certain marketable plants. An excellent farm journal says: "To insure, the very best development of strawberries top dress with nitrate of soda just after the fruit sets." I suppose the "setting" means after the fruit is fairly developed on the vines. To make celery do its best the same farm journal says: “Just try giving the celery frequent applica tions of nitrate of soda, 100 pounds to the acre." Let us women try a little on our two or three rows with which we are experimenting. Again it says: "Use nitrate of soda at the rate of six pounds to a 25x50-l’oot lawn and you will get a highly colored green sward." Again it says: "Use nitrate of soda to force your tomatoes, using very small quantities, a small tea spoonful at the base of each plant every other week." But you must not forget that while nitrate of soda is a quick acting fertilizer, it should be applied In small doses at short intervals. It must not touch the plant, for it will burn it. Rake it lightly in the soil, a little way from the plant. An Absent Minded Prelate To forget one’s name is embarrassing enough, but to forget one’s occupation may be more embarrassing still. Mr. G. W. E. Russell has a story of the late Archbishop Trench, “a man of singularly vague and dreamy hab its," who “resigned the See of Dublin on account of ad vancing years, and settled in London. He once went back to pay a visit to his successor, Lord Plunket. Finding himself back again in his old palace, sitting at his old dinner table, and gazing across it at his old wife, he lapsed in memory to the days when he was master of the house, and gently remarked to Mrs. Trench, ‘I am afraid, mjr, love, that we must put this cook down among our failures!’"—London Chronicle. The Life-Saving Service By Frederic J. Haskin The United States life saving service has been a fully organized department of the federal government, since 1878, and was the first in the world to be put on a national basis. It has led all others since that time, both in size and in the devlning and use of In ventions peculiar to its needs. The United States has the longest coast line of any maritime power and the service necessarily parallels it. Today it maintains thirteen districts and 290 stations. The net annual expenditures for the fiscal year 1912-1913 were 82,- 346,881.12. Over 10,000 miles of coast were guarded, including 2,500 miles along the Great Lakes. Rescue work was extended to 1671 vessels, carrying 6,631 passengers, the total value of commerical and per sonal property being $11,048,429, in the past year. • * • Notwithstanding the great length of our coasts, which are very dangerous in some places, the life saving business of our country struggled along with very pitiful results for nearly a century. The Massa chusetts Humane society was the first in the field in 1786, when it put a few huts along the most des olate and oangerous parts of the Massachusetts coast for the succar of mariners. The first hut was built on Lovell’s island, near Boston. In 1807 It established the first lifeboat station at Cohasset. Federal Inter est began in 1848 with an appropriation to the society of $10,000, and later the government put real life Into its own small service at ( ape Cod. Interest, however, was spasmodic until 1870-71, the winter of which is memorable for several fatal storms along the At lantic coast where life saving station should have been. » • • * George S. Boutwell, then secretary of the treas ury, took the matter up with such vigor that he se cured an appropriation of $200,000 on April 20, 1871. Then Sumner I. Kimball, chief of the revenue marine service, was put in charge of the life .saving sta tions. He is the heart of the service and directs It today with the same sympathy that he did forty-two years ago. An investigation, made In 1871 by Mr. Kimball and Captain John Faunce, of the revenue ma rine service, showed a deplorable condition of affairs at the various stations due to neglect and lack of sys tem. More help from congress was forthcoming there after. In 1878 congress'provlded for the organization of the service, thanks to the eloquence of the famous congressman, "Sunset” Cox. The bill passed the house of representatives without a dissenting voice and barely lacked a unanimous vote in the senate. Mr. Kimball was immediately appointed and con firmed as general superintendent and has held the positibn ever since. • • • The majority of the 290 life saving stations, as well as the houses of refuge, are located on the At lantic coast, although adequate provision is made for the Pacific coast, the gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes. A unique station is at the falls of the Ohio river at Louisville, Ky„ and there Is an Interesting station on the lake shore at Chicago. The Atlantic coast has the most stations because of its terrors, and in some places they are only five miles apart, with their respective patrols meeting day and night. From the eastern extremity of the coast of Maine to Race Point on Cape Cod there are 416 miles which abound with stony headlands, jagged Islets, rocks and reefs, and tortuous channels. Cape Cod Itself reaches out into the ocean forty nMles. Its sand bars have seen the murder of hundreds of vessels and their precious freight by the ruthless elements. The coasts of Long Island and Jersey are exposed to all the eastern storms and their shifting- sands offer further dangers to the life saving crew. ,On the gulf of Mexico ter rific "northers” must be braved. Sudden storms of great violence on the Great Lakes take their annual toll of life and ships and defy Uncle Sam’s fighters. The life saving stations are plain but solid build-' Ings which shelter the keeper and his crew of six or seven men arc give storage space to supplies and life saving equipment. In the majority of stations tha first floor is divided Into four rooms; a boat room, mess room, which Is also the general living room, the keeper’s rom, and a storeroom. Wide double- leafed doors and a sloping platform running from the sills to the ground, facilitate the running out of the heavier equipment. The two rooms of the second story are for sleeping quarters and for the refuge of shipwrecked persons. A few large stations have two extra rooms, a kitchen and a bedroom for visitors. * * • In each station is a lookout, where a day watch Is kept. The roofs of the stations which face the sea are painted dark red so that they may be seen afar. They are also distinguished by a flagstaff sixty feet high, from which signals are sent to vessels In the international code. , * • • Houses of refuge are, as the name Implies, simply furnished little places interspersed among the sta tions. The general equipment of a station consists of two surf boats with oars, lifeboat compass, etc., a boat carriage, two sets of breeches buoy apparatus, including a Lyle gun and accessories, a transportation cart* a life car, twenty cork Jackets, twelve Coston signals, twelve signal rockets, a set of signal flags of the international code, a medicine chest, barometer, tools, etc. Horses are sometimes used to facilitate the transportation of boats and supplies to the scene of a wreck. Wherever it is possible all stations are connected by telephone. , • * • The station at Louisville is a peculiar affair, and the only river station in the service. It is a floating scow shaped hull equipped with two life skiffs and two reels, each with, capacity to hold a coll of five- inch manila rope. The station is usually moored above the dam where boats are in the greatest dan ger. But it can he towed from place to place and by being so handled during the great floods of 1883-84, it rescued helpless persons trom the roofs of houses and altogether saved 800 people and supplied food to over 10,000 sufferers. It is one of the show places of the Kentucky metropolis. The life stations proper ate very strong and have been known to be carried a half mile inland by a storm without being severely damaged. • • 9 Eight months is the average “active season’’ in which the crews are on daily duty. The crews go through drill every week day, the most important of which is practice with the beach apparatus. A spar or wreck pole represents a stranded vessel. It is put seventy-five yards distant—over th© water if possible—from the place where the men operate, rep resenting the beach. Each man when called describes his particular duty. When the order is given the men pull the apparatus to the scene of the “wreck," throw their line, cast the breeches buoy across to the spar which represents the sinking ship, and thetti pull the supposedly helpless voyager ashore. A crew is expected to effect such a “rescue" within five minutes and the inspector or district superintendent sees that the mark met. Several crews have done it in two and on-half minutes. Such proficiency is the rule that actual rescues frequently are made, in total dark,- ness regardless of the storm. m m m Patrols are out all night, no matter how terrible the weather. When a sentinel sights a wreck he im mediately sets off his Coston cartridge, the red, flar ing light informing the vessel that the life saving service has sighted her. The nearest station is on the scene with the speed of a fire department. ' The self bailing, self righting lifeboats, which capsize but once in every 118 trips, are used if possible. This failing, the wreck gun is fired off, often throwing the hawser as far as 700 yards. The passengers are then hauled ashore either in the breeches buoy or the life car. Lifeboats equipped with gasoline motor power are now used extensively by the service, over 100 types being employed. The service was the first in the world to make practical use of motor power. All other nations have copied our plan, and Canada adopted it bodily. Whatever the means employed* to rescue human beings and care for helpless shipping, the life savers are on the job day and night in the performance of heroic deeds as a matter of course. ■ . -.•4Dvr-A, i-