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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, APRIL 15, 1913.
agricultural
Education
-amd Successful Failmin^-
ft. $ovvl
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should, be addressed to Dr. Andrew it. Soule, president Stats
Agricultural College, Athens, Oo.
W. B. C., Glen wood. Ga., writes: I have
some white sandy loam land with a clay
subsoil that produces good average cotton,
but it rusts badly soon after starting to
open. I wish to plant it to swqt potatoes
this season and wfeish to know-' what com
mercial fertilizer to use. 1 have no lot
manure. Would decayed pine sawdust add
to the appearance of potatoes for market
purposesV
When cotton rusts the trouble is
thought to be due to the fact that the
ground is not properly drained, an in
sufficient supply of vegetable matter in
the soil, dr the need of potash in an
available form. In many instances in
‘Georgia the trouble seems to be due to
the latter cause for liberal applications
of kainit or muriate of potash have
frequently corrected the trouble. As
a rule, white sandy land is low in
potash, and while the soil should be
well adapted for the growth of sweet
potatoes, we feel certain you will find
it desirable to use a high grade form
ula on this crop and to use potash
In liberal manner. We would suggest
that you apply as a minimum 600 pounds
per acre of a formula containing 8
per cent of phosphorus. 3.5 to 4 per
cent of nitrogen and S per cent of pot
ash.
Sawdust would not be of any partic
ular value to use under the drill row
for potatoes. You will find pine needles
from the forest much more serviceable
in this respect.- Secure as much ma
terial as possible and scatter in the
drill row after you have opened it with
a big sweep or turning plow. Draw
two furrows together and make a firm
seed bed and plant theron. You should
.•mix the fertilizer welt with the lower
soil area at the same time you are put
ting the pine straw in the furrow.^
* • *
PRODUCING TWO BALES PER ACRE
J. J.. Ohoopee, Ga., writes: I have eight
acres of land that were planted in corn
and velvet beans and was turned in Febru
ary that I want to make two bales of cot
ton on. The land is red pebbly with clay
subsoil. How much guauo shall I use and
how far apart shall I plant the eottoiy
You have acted wisely in trying to
Increase th§ amount of vegetable mat
ter in your soil through plowing under
the refuse of a velvet bean and corn
crop. It is well for you to have turn
ed under the peas before 'frost falls
on them. Sometimes it is impractical
to do this but our farmers must Ifearn
to conserve the value of a leguminous
crop by mixing it with the soil before
cold weather sets in. A living plant, as
you no doubt know, fixes the nitrates,
but a dead plant has no power to re
tain them and a considerable amount
of the nitrogen in the bean crop was no
doubt leached out and washed away
from your land, whereas, if it has been
turned under earlier the loss would
have been reduced. "We would suggest
tha$ you use about a 9-3-4 for cotton,
and we think with the amount of veg
etable matte/ you have probably incor
porated in the land that as much as 600
to l.OQO pounds might be applied with
safety, especially as you seem to be de
sirous of making an unusually large
yield. If you can secure any yard ma
nure or litter from the woods scatter it
over the laTid and work in with a disk.
You can dot secure too much vegetable
matter ir our judgment when seeking
to make an extraordinarily large yield
of cotton. -The larger amount of vege
table matter in the soil, the better reac
tion you will get from the commercial
fertilizer. We have used a 9-3-4 at the
rate of 1,000 pounds in our demonstra
tion field to good advantage where we
desired to make extra large yields. We
think you will find this formula sat
isfactory for your conditions. We would
put all the fertilizer under the drill
row’, but as your land is probably not
as rich in vegetable matter as ours,
you had better put only 600 pounds un
der tne drill row and make two side
applications of 200 pounds each.
* * *
PASTURING SHEEP AND HOGS TO
GETHER. /
li. V., Calhoun, Ga., writes: I have a
pasture-for my liogs and want uiy calves
to run with thorn. 1 am thinking about
sowing The pasture in sorghum for my hogs.
Do you think it will hurt the calves to graze
on it?
of cowpeas or spring-sown oats or oats
and Canada peas together. Then have
soy beans for later maturity and peanuts
for fall grazing. There is no objection
to letting the calves have access to
these crops, provided they are used to
green and not hungry when turned on
j them, and thus likely to gorge them-
! selves and be injured by hoven or bloat.
* * *
PLANT FOOD TO USE ON SANDY
SOILS.
A. I>. S., Waco, Ga., writes: I have four
teen acres of light, sandy land with yellow
cloy subsoil, rather poor, which I want
to plaut iu cotton. I have no farmyard
manure and want to know what commercial
fertilizer to use. I have some low laud
very sandy wtih clay subsoil, rather poor,
which I want to plant iu cotton. I have
no lartnyard manure ami want to know’ what
to kuow what,commercial fertilizer to use.
I have some low laud very sandy with clay
subsoil that 1 want to plant in corn. I
have a kind of corn that always has two
shoots. Is this a good variety for this land?
What fertilizer shall I use on the corn
A light sandy soil with a clay sub
soil which is in a poor state of cultiva
tion will need to be handled with care
and skill in order to produce a good
crop of cotton. The fact that you have
no yard manure and have probably not
turned any green matter into the soil
for several years is a severe handicap
to your farming operations. I W’ould
suggest that you spare no effort to get
into this soil as much litter as leaf
mold as you can secure from the woods.
This is the first essential in making it
productive and in enabling you to secure
a proper return from any fertilizers ap
plied. On this type of land we would ad
vise the use of a 9-3-4 for cotton. Put
at least 300 pounds under the drill row,
using 200 pounds as a side aplication.
We would put the initial amount of fer
tilizer in the soil at the time the crop is
planted and mix it well with the sub
soil. For corn on low land Bf sandy
character use a 10-3-5. Corn requires to
be more liberally fertilized than cotton,
because it removes from the soil a
larger proportion of plant food. You no
doubt have a prolific type of corn if it
suckers as described in your letters.
Prolific corns are likely to be the most
satisfactory on uplands soils or the
lighter sandy * soils, which predominate
in some sections of Georgia.
ALFALFA
MANAGEMENT OF AN
PATCH.
H. G. B., efcfrson, Ga., writes: I have
au acre that was seeded to alfalfa last
fall, aud the freezes have killed It out to
about a half stand. Would you sow some
more seed this spring, and if so, would it
be all right to cover with a weedr. There
is about a third stand of volunteer oats.
Would you leave the oats and not reseed
or will they hurt the alfalfa?
There is no reason why hogs and
calves should not run in the same pas
ture, though if you desire to let them
range over a grass lot together and sep r
arate them, this is a comparatively sim
ple matter, for you can construct a
creep through which the hogs can pass
readily but which will prevent the
calves from having access to the land
devoted to sorghum. We would not con
sider sorghum as good a grazing crop
for hogs as some other combination you
can use. For early season grazing there
is nothing better than a combination of
oats and vetch, and for a spring-sown
crop use Essex, 'rape. Naturally it is
too late to utilize either one of these
now. The next best thing to do then
would be to try a pasture of millet to be
followed by an early maturing variety
You can, of course, reseed the alfal
fa. It should be sown as soon as prac
ticable now and covered with a weeder,
as you have suggested. If there is any
considerable quantity of volunteer oats,
we think you ^ will not find reseeding
very satisfactory. In our experience
when we fail to secure a stand of al
falfa, it has been more profitable to plow
up the whole field and reseed it. It
might be impracticable to get this done
as early in the season as is desirable,
but 3 r ou could devote this land to cow-
peas and plow them under in the fall
and seed at that time. You will find it
desirable to add as much nitrogen and
vegetable matter to the soil as you pos
sibly can. Enrich the land by liberal
fertilization. We would apply about 1,-
000 pounds of a 10-3-6 for this crop. At
least two tons of finely ground or pul
verized limestone should be applied after
the cowpeas have been plowed under.
Do not mix the fertilizer and the lime
stone. Apply at intervals of at least
two or three weeks.
* * *
SUGGESTIONS ON GROWING COW
PEAS.
K. L. C., Atlanta, Ga., write*; W* want
a formula for peas and wish to know If it
is better t< sow them broadcast or plant
in row* and wdrlt once or twice. We are
using for cottou an 8-3-4. Would this do for
peas i Which is preferable as a source of
nitrogen, cottou seed meal, nitrate of soda,
bloc-1 or tankage? Wc are using under corn
a 10-3-2. What do you think of this? Do
you kuow anything about the farm in Ogle-
thorpe that is incorporated and run as any
other business? We do not believe one farm
in J»00 pays. We notice the college claims
to have cleared $2,000 last year, but we no
tice a big item credited for advance in
land.
By all means sow the peas in drills.
By this we do not mean to put them
3 or 3 1-2 feet apart, but use a grain
drill sc^they will be uniformly covered
into thP soil. In our experience broad
casting peas has not proven success
ful. It is not knly wasteful of the
seed but it is difficult to secure a
proper stand. /We have had the best
results'from sowing peas with an or
dinary grain drill or else planting them
in rows 24 to 30 inches apart and cul
tivating with a weeder a few times
until the vines spread across the rows.
This keeps the crust broken and holds
weeds in check until the peas are large
enough to shade the ground. There is
no better formula to use on peas than
about a 10-1-4. If the land is extreme
ly sandy put in as* much as 6 or 7 per
cent of potash. You are using a very
good formula on your cotton. While
the same would do under peas it would
be very wasteful of nitrogen since this
crop ordinarily only needs very little
nitrogen to enable it to get a start.
The nodules which should form on the
roots of the peas contain the bacteria
which give it the power of assimilating
atmospheric nitrogen, and thus the pea
crop should be a soil builder and not
require a formula containing any con
siderable amount of nitrogen.
When nitrogen is to be buried in the
soil, it is best to have half or two-
thirds of it derived from organic
sources. Cotton seed meal and blood and
tankage are good for this purpose.
Some nitrate of soda or sulphate of
amonia may, of course, be mixed with
these materials. Where you 'derive
the nitrogen from a variety of sources,
it probably becomes available more
gradually than where obtained from one
source alone.
We think you are using entirely too
much nitrogen under your corn accord
ing to the ‘way you state the formula
in your letter. A 10-*2-5 would be bet
ter than a 10-5-2. However, 2 per
cent of nitrogen is not a sufficient
amount to apply to corn except on land
which is above the average in fertility.
We would suggest that you use a
10-3-5, and then possibly nitrate of
seda as a top dressing later on.
We know nothing of the farm about
which you write in Oglethorpe county.
Therefore, can give you no information
to this end. Yhu are mistaken in sup
posing that the profit made on the col
lege farm last year was due to the
credit accorded it for the improvement
of the land. The item referred to in
the article which you noticed stated
that the farm lands had been improved
as the result of the practice followed
by several dollars per acre in a period
of five years. As a matter of fact,
the statement of receipts and expendi
tures last year showed a profit of
$2,246.36 as net earnings on the col
lege farm Respective of land value.
The only t$ng the farm was credited
with w r as tne cost of permanent im
provements. Thse certainly should be
credited to it, and a heavy depreciation
on tools, implements, buildings and oth
er equipment was allowed. We think
you are entirely mistaken in believing
that not one farm in 500 pays. Any
farm in Georgia should be made to pay
a fair profit if properly organized and
run. Farming requires expert knowl
edge and expert service just like any
other business. The test farms con
ducted in co-operation with the Cen
tral of Georgia railway are the best
evidence that rational practice employ
ed under competent supervision will en
able, a man to make a fair profit from
his land.
* * *
FISH SCRAP AS BASIS OF FERTIL
IZER.
V. B. K., Speed, N. C., writes: I have
a car of isli scrap and want to nix it with
some ingredients to make a complete fer-
tilzer for cottou analyzing about 8-4-4.
I\ease tell me what to use.
You do not state the composition of
^our fish scrap; therefore, it is nec
essary to generalize to some extent to
what this material may contain. A
high grade fish scrap runs about 7 to
9 per cent of nitrogen and 6 to 8 per
cent of phosphoric acid, but carries no
potash. For the purpose of preparing
a mixture such as you desire, we are
figuring the fish scrap as containing
8 per cent of nitrogen and 8 p£r cent
of phosphoric acid. You can prepare
an 8-4-4 formula by mixing together
1,040 pounds of fish scrap, 500 pounds
of 16 per cent acid and 160 pounds of
muriate or sulphate of potash. You
can not secure a formula running as
high in phosphorus, nitrogen and pot
ash as you desire through the use of
kainit. If you are willing to cut the
nitrogen and potash slightly you could
get in 500 pounds of kainit in the
above formula and have a mixture run
ning very close to an 8-4-3. We believe
you would find it more desirable, how
ever, to use muriate rather than kainit,
and we suggest that you use this com
bination under cotton at the rate of
500 pounds per acre.
• • •
LARGE WEED, BUT BETTER FRUIT.
,T. A. B., Dallas, Ga., writes: I have
red, gravelly land wjleh grows a very good
weed and made last year from 600 to 900
pounds of seed cotton with 300 pounds of
10-2-2 fertiliser. Wbat should I use to get
better resul'.s, and wbat should the plant
food be derived from? I have been told
that nitrate of soda would last only forty
days after being put in the ground. Wuich
is the cheapest, a 10-2-2 at $22 per ton,
or a J-3-4 at $26?
BUGGIES
CENTURY BUGGIES are built for hard service. The best of material
Where land tends to make an abun
dance of weed, but the cotton does not
fruit as freely as you think desirable, it
is best to emphasize the use of phos
phorus in fertilizer mixtures. We think
you would do well, therefore, to apply
a 10-3-3 on this land. If the cotton
tends to shed its leaves and the foliage
assumes a dirty brown, rusty appear
ance, we would raise the potash to 4
or even 5 per cent. We judge the land
about which you write is above the av
erage in fertility according to the yield
indicated in your letter, and we think
400 to 500 pounds of the formula sug
gested will give you even a better re
sult than you obtained last year, and
that you will find this combination of
fertilizing elements well suited to your
soil. Sulphate of ammonia is an ex
cellent source of nitrogen. This ma
terial carries about 21 per cent of avail
able nitrogen when in a pure state. The
nitrogen becomes quickly available in
the soil, but must undergo transforma
tion before the plants can assimilate
it. Sulphate of ammonia gives its best
results on land which contains a con
siderable amount of lime or on which
rieidly inspected and tested. Every Vehicle Guaranteed for 3 Years.
We Sell Direct to the User—cut out all middlemen’s
profits and wwe you $25.00 to $45.00.
EASY PAYMENTS ON ALL VEHICLES
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and workmanship “sed throughout—ciitrydclail of construction and,finish ggj irae ]las rece ntly been applied. A small
f lOl n 111 Infin.it.H .n J J . Tin... U nritrlo In. < V.Q.fl l - '-*6
fiamount of it may also be used to good
Badvantage in a complete fertilizer in
■Georgia. Nitrate of soda becomes *quick-
Sly available in the soil, but it is absurd
Jto say that all of its benefit is over in
forty days. Nitrate does not leach out
of .the land as readily as we have been
led to think. Of course, in using ferti
lizers in the ground and under a long
[season crop, a part of the nitro-
jgenous fertilizer should be derived from
J organic sources, and to this end, cot-
seed meal, blood and tankage may he
used to good advantage with moderate
amounts of nitrate of soda or sulphate
of ammonia. Of course, the nitrate of
soda may be reserved and used as a top
| dressing.
I In our judgment you will rind a 9-3-4
cheaper and more desirable at the
I prices mentioned than a 10-2-2 at the
figure quoted for it. You are being
[ asked a rather high price for both for
mulas, but possibly you are buying on
credit. It will be to a farmer’s in
terest to pay cash whenever possible
because of the better terms he can
secure.
AN INTERESTING COTTON
LETTER FROM S. CAROLINA
E, J. Watson, President of
Southern Cotton Congress,
Urges Better Cotton
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
COLUMBIA, S. C., April 14.—To
Cotton Growers: For several months
the situation as to long staple cotton,
the progress of the growing of which
watched, has been a matter of some
concern to this department. Thus far,
except in cases here and there, where
the cotton has been held for higher
prices, the results from planting upland
long staple have been gratifying.
In the light of the end of the sea
son’s experience in the market, of in
quiries of manufacturers at home and
in New England, and of talks with ex
porters in New Orleans, I am con
strained to urge extreme conservatism
and caution in planting upland long
staple this year. Indeed the acreage
should perhaps be generally reduced
rather than increased. There should be
concentration of effort this year along
the line of a high grade of cotton ap
proximating a uniform one-inch staple.
During the past season prices paid
in South Carolina for the same grades
of cotton have been less than offered
for the same cotton at New Orleans.
Some have attributed this to prejudice
of some former New England superin
tendents to home grown cottons, to
their preference for Mississippi cotton
to the use of whiuji they had been ac
customed. To determine quality, I re
cently took several samples of Keen
an, Columbia and other South Carolina
upland long staples drawn from bales
in Columbia warehouses, at present, to
New Orleans with me and personally
had them examined by members and
widely known staple buyers of the New
OrLeans cotton exchange. The first
was quickly pronounced an excellent
5-16th to 3-8th and the “best Yazoo is
no better”—worth 18 1-2 cents on Sep
tember 23. The second was graded a
3-16th, full, worth 17 cents, (white) and
15 1-2 cents, (stained) on September
20. The third was pronounced worth
18 1-2 cents earlier in the season or
15 3-4 cents to 16 cents, that day,
April 11. The sample of Keenan was
ranked s high class. The most expert
man perhaps in New Orleans could give
no advantage to Mississippi cottons on
quality.
That South Carolina can and does
raise cotton as good in every respect
as the Peelers and Benders, I have no
further doubt; no more than that we
raise the world’s very finest Sea Island
with a maximum of a 2.29-inch staple
and a mean of 1.87, against a mean of
1.65 for Floridas, and a maximum of
1.75 for Georgias.
This statement, however, refers Only
to cottons grown from seed that are
kept pure and which are baled without
mixing with any other cotton, such
as Mr. Coker and Mr. Keenan have been
growing, and not to cotton grown from
seed that is bought by name only
from persons who have taken no ac
count of the value of purity of seed.
Indeed one South Carolina manufac
turer tells me that either from the
character of the cotton itself or from
at subsoiling prove detrimental rather
than beneficial. We would put the ma
nure in the drill row. 'to this end we
would open a wide, deep#furrow either
with a turning plow or a big sweep.
We prefer the turning plow, as you can
turn the soil deeper and throw out a
wider, deeper furrow. Scatter the ma
nure along the row and then apply the
fertilizer at the rate of not less than
800 pounds per acre- J&ix the manure
and fertilizer well with the soil with a
bull tongue, going back and forth sev
eral times. Draw the furrows together
and plant on the level, tt takes a lit
tle time and effort to prepare the land
in this way, but we have secured the
best results from corn by following
this practice. Any fertilizer you re
serve we would use as a side applica
tion relatively early in the growing sea
son. We do not think it will pay you to
use nitrate of soda as a top dressing
unless seasonal conditions are unfavor
able; If so, you should apply it some
days before the corn bunches to tassel.
* # *
MANAGEMENT OF A SICK MULE.
J. It. K.. DeFuniak Springs, Fla., writes:
I have a i-uile which does not eat much and
looks badly. He seeulk to be sore when
he starts to work every morning, but gets
better after ho works awhile. He swells
in spots; today it will be one place and to
nic rrow arother. I would like to kuow wliat
to do for him.
Your mule is evidently suffering from
a case of chronic indigestion or he may
have worms. This, of course, you could
easily detect. Examine him carefully to
see if he is infested with lice. In case
you find either one of these parasites
present destroy them by means with
which you are no doubt familiar. We
would suggest that you give a mild
purgative of oil, and then follow with a
condition powder. We think you will
find the following tonic satisfactory:
Sulphate of iron, 2 ounces.
Nitrate of potash, 2 ounces.
Gentian root, 2. ounces.
Nux vomica seed, 1 ounce.
Ginger root, 1 ounce.
These should be thoroughly pulver
ized and mixed, and a heaping teaspoon
ful given in the feed three times daily.
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•Don’t buy an engine until you have investigated the Cole.
Write today for catalogue and full Information regarding oui
special engine offer. Do this now.
B. D. COLE MANUFACTURING CO., Box K
NEWNAN, GA.
FREE
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withbear"' -’’ J ‘ *—* *■ - *
USING YARD MANURE UNDER CORN
J. IL, Mount Berry, Ga., writes: I am
preparing to cultivate an acre in corn this
season. I have 15,000 pounds of manure ami
1,000 pounds of a complete fertilizer, and
1 wish to know how ami when to use* them.
Phe land ha • a grayish subsoil. Do you
think it would be profitable to suzsoil so
near planting time?
The first and most important thing
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it* you have to delay planting later than
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This GOLD PLATED LOCKET, opens to hold two
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" T e trust you and take back all not sold. Address
usual. Deep and thorough plowing and
the preparation of a fine seed bed con
stitute two of the great essentials to
success. Do not attempt to subsoil land
at this season of the year. The ground
is now too wet and you are liable to
puddle the lower areas and your attempt
Delicious Saratoga Chips
made with
Cottolene
Saratoga Chips made with
Cottolene are never greasy,
as are those made with lard.
The reason for this is that
Cottolene heats to about 100
degrees higher than either
butter or lard, without burn
ing, quickly forming a crisp
coating which excludes the
fat Your chips, therefore,
are crisp, dry and appetizing.
Cottolene costs about the
price of lard, and will go one-
third farther
than either
butter or lard.
Cottolene is never
sold in bulk — al
ways in air-tight
tin pails, which pro
tect it from dirt,
dust and odors. It
i? always uniform
and dependable.
THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY
the intentional or unintentional mixt-
ure of cottons in baling he has en
countered this season 20 per cent of
waste from every bale he has used.
Egyptian cotton is free from trash
and short fibers and, consequently,
yielding less waste in combing and
carding, he uses that when he can get
it.
The essential fact is that the upland
long staple market is not keeping up
in prices, even for the best, be the
causes what they may, and so long as
they give only about 30 pounds of lint
against 40 pounds for good short staple,
it is not sound business to raise it in
reference to the latter. The short staple
is the more profitable at present prices.
Until the cry comes from the consumer
in much stronger tone than at present,
now that our ability to produce quality
and quantity has been demonstrated, and
until our growers can realize better
what it means to keep seed pure and put
only the real thing in the bale, it would
seem better to leave the proposition alone
for awhile.
As to the causes for the slump in the
upland long staple market, I can only
recount those variously assigned.
A local buyer for South Carolina mills
attributes it to uncertainty on the part
of the American mills as to what will
be done with the tariff.
A manufacturer says the average out
put is so full of short lengths mixed in
the bales that the waste is too great.
In New Orleans they say they have
never before known a falling long staple
market running hand-in-hand with a
well-maintained short staple market;
that Mississippi cotton is in the same
boat; that there’s no European or Amer
ican demand; that it may be due to g
large increase in the upland long staple
output from Texas earlier in the season
or to falling off in the demand for fine
goods during the year. They confess
that they are puzled* over the present
situation and the outlook for the coming
crop as well.
A New Bedford special to the New
York Journal of Commerce states the
New England situation as follows:
“The feature of the industrial situa
tion in this city during the past week
has been the rather sudden and pro
nounced decline in the values of long
staple cotton. Samples of three-six
teenths and over, which have been held
in the south or in this city for a con
siderable length of time—as much as
three years in some instances—have
been thrown on the market at quickly
declining prices without exciting much
buying interest among the manufac
turers.
“This decline in staple cotton prices
is the climax to the swing of the fine
cotton mills onto coarser and heavier
goods requiring shorter lengths of cot
ton during the past two or three years.
The market for the long staples has in
consequence of this change in the kind
of goods woven, completely collapsed.
With the prices of fine goods very low,
the manufacturers were absolutely un
able to pay the premiums which had
been asked for the longer length cottons.
But southern holders of them, believing
that the demand for them was bound to
return, have in large measure refused
to let go their stocks at sacrifice prices
and have reluctantly loivered their quo
tations cent by cent without being able
to dispose of the cotton.”
Perhaps the most far-reaching cause
of present conditions—and it is perma
nent, if it be really the right one—is
assigned by the American Wool and
Cotton Reporter of Boston in its issue
of March 20 in its summary of the cot
ton market; it says:
“Those who have been holding staple
cotton, and who have been most persist
ent in refusals of even fairly good offers,
have recently sold some of their cotton
in order to be able to satisfactorily
finance a planting of the new crop.
“The cotton combing machinery, as
now manufactured, may be used with
shorter staple cotton than was possible
a comparatively few years ago, and man
ufacturers have taken advantage of new
mechanisms so that for high grade
goods they can often use a less expen
sive raw material without in any way
injuring the quality of the finished pro
duct. For work where the longer staple
cotton is preferable, manufacturers, of
course, expect to pay a price correspond
ing to the relative advantage of this
grade over the shorter ones. With the
improved facilities for handling the cot
ton fibre, the premium for the long
staple has been cut down, and, as noted
last week, some sales have been made
recently at the same prices, and in some
instances lower ones, than were offered
for this same stock a Ion gtime ago?”
In New Orleans also there is news of
an increased Egyptian acreage and
supply.
Whatever may be the cause of the de
cline in the premium for this class of
cotton, it is apparent from the fore
going that conditions and circumstances
as well as business sense require a re-
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VIRGINIA
RICHMOND
2A
Farmer Nets
$4,000 on Hole
In the Ground
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
S PRINGFIELD, Mo., April 12.—A
few years ago Robert Smith was a
St. Louis workingman, bringing
home a workingman’s wages and de
spairing of making both ends meet. Like
lots of other city men, Robert Smith
got the “back to the land” fever; got
it bad.
TODAY ROBERT SMITH IS THE
MOST PROSPEROUS CAVE FARMER
IN AMERICA.
When the back-to-the-soil fever got
the better cf Smith he went to a real
estate dealer and bought a twenty-six-
acre farm in the Ozarks, a few miles
from Springfield. The farm he bought
was considerably worse than most Ozark
mountain farms, which, In many cases,
are bad enough for farming purposes,
however great they may be on scenery.
In plain language, Robert Smith was
“stuck” for a poor, rocky farm. He was
“Just a oity feller” and didn’t know
much about buying farm land. So the
seller thought. Th e Smith family
moved down from St. Louis, and when
RobeVt found out he couldn’t make a
living working # the top of the land he
had bought he began -.arming under
ground.
FARM WAS A CAVE.
On his land was a big cave, particu
larly fitted for a “cellar garden.” It
was large, well aired, had an even tem
perature, standing at 60 winter and
summer; had no cold, damp drafts, and
was moist enough and not too dripping
wet.
So, instead of raising corn and fruit
and other farm products as Smith had
intended, he raised mushrooms, rhubarb,
celery and bull frogs.
Last year he cleared nearly $4,000
cn his cave farm.
The rhubarb is started outdoors and is
transplanted in the cave, where it grows
an inch, a day. He sell* it at 15 cents a
pound long before his surface farming
neighbors can get theirs out of the
ground. Three crops of mushrooms are
raised each year. A square foot of
ground produces more than a pound of
mushrodms, and Smith cells them to St.
Louis hotels and restaurants at 50 cents
a pound.
BLEACHES CELERY.
Celery is transplanted in the cave for
bleaching, where it attains a perfection
of whiteness and tenderness and attracts
high prices.
When Smith first learned that he
couldn’t farm his place like a regular
farm, and decided to farm in the cave,
he had to “clear” his land. Instead of
stumps to pull, he had stalactites, rock
formations hanging from the ceiling, to
remove and haul out. When he had his
duction rather than an increase of acre
age in upland long staple this year.
Having it in our power to produce these
superior cottons when it is the part of
wisdom, and as will, I would, therefore,
urge our people to meet the conditions
and this year endeavor to raise the best
possible quality of inch cotton on about
the same total acreage as that planted
to cotton last year. So far nothing has
been Iqst, but much gained. That is all
the more reason why a mistake should
be avoided at planting time before it is
too late.
If it is a question of the advent of a
mechanical invention as the Wool and
Cotton Reporter suggests, then it is the
old story of the tallow candle and kero-
sent lamp giving way to electricity, and
the stage coach standing aside for the
locomotive, and the sooner it is realized
the better. I don’t believe it has come
to that, however, nor that it will do
so, for really fine goods must have
length and strength of fiber.
There Is another matter to which at
tention should be directed in.order that
growers of cotton may see that South
Carolina ginners dqs not unconsciously
hit them hard.
Recently the South Atlantic and Gulf
Steamship association, in session at
New Orleans, provided for penalties of
50 cents and $1 a bale, respectively, to
be assessed against cotton moving on
and after July 1, 191L for lack of
standardization in ginning measure
ments and lack of density.
The action taken is expressed as fol
lows:
“Freight egagements will hereafter
be made with the, following clauses:
“The standard bale gin box will be
24x54 inches as the basis of thi3
freight engagement, and cotton and cot
ton linters must be of minimum density
on delivery to the steamer of twenty-
two and one-half pounds per* cubic foot
for each bale. If not repressed to the
required density, shall pay an extra
freight of 50 cents per bale.
“Bales of larger measurement that
cannot be pressed to a minimum den
sity of twenty-two and one-half pounds
per cubic foot shipside shall pay an
extra freight of $1 per bale.”
My attention has been directed to
this matter by the manager of one of
the large compresses in this state, who
suggests that farmers will save them
selves, considering the lack of uni
formity of gin boxes in this state, tills
50 cents or $1 per bale by seeing that
their cotton is baled only by ginners
who conform to the new regulation of
24x54 inches.
E. J. WATSON,
Commissioner of Agriculture and Pres
ident Southern Cotton Congress.
cave farm cleared he had to haul soil
and manure in and spread it over this
rocky floor.
Outside the cav« door he built a lake, t
using the rocks taken from the cave for
embankments. A stream running into
the cave from the lake outside—which is
the playground for the bull frogs Smith
raises with his other cave crops—also
serves as a road or, rather, a canal.
Smith goes to his cave farm in a flat-
bottomed boat and hauls out his pro
duce in the same way.
He can work in his farm day or night.
He has to carry a lantern at either time.
When the frogs are wintering and
there’s no celery to bleach, Smith uses
part of his cave farm for a storage plane
a-nd keeps his neighbor’s sweet potatoes
during the cold weather for 15 cents a
bushel. At one time he had 9,000 bushels
of sweet potatoes in the cave.
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