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6 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 1913. AGRICULTURAL FnnrATiOM ^ Education SUCCESSFUL yAR.MlN<%- J» ANWEW n c>0VL.E Tftt* department will cheerfully endeavor io furnish any information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College. Athens. Ha. APPLYING RAW GROUND LIME ROCK. J. B. T.. Dublin, Ga.. write's: 1 have bought a car of raw ground lime. I have some laud that has been bedded out for cotton. Would It do to put the lime in the drill? How long should lime remain on the land before plowed under or would it do as well to distribute through a grain drill that would put the nine from lVj to 2 inches in the ground? Lime should be distributed uniformly over the surface of the ground and not plowed under or mixed with the soil with any deeper working implement than a harrow. We would prefer to broad cast lime rather than to put it In with a drill. Lime should not be mixed with commercial fertilizer, but should be scattered over the land at least two weeks before fertilizer is applied. You may distribute lime by means of a grain drill if you desire to do so, though we think you will probably find it better to scatter it broadcast from the wagon. We presume you refer to the pulverized rock. If you have the caustic lime it will be necessary to slake it before ap plying it to the soil or else distribute it in small piles and cover with earth until it slakes and then scatter uni formly over the ground. If one desires to handle lime in large quantities, it is better to purcase a lime distributor or use a manure spreader with some litter in the bottom. * * * PREPARING A GIVEN FORMULA. J. W. P.. Cornelia, Ga., writes: I have some muriate of potash and 16 per cent acid and wont to make a 10-4 or 10-5. I • have a 10-2-2 I want to raise to a 10-2-5, and would lie to know how this can be done. . If you will mix together 1,250 pounds of 16 per cent acid and 160 pounds of 50 per cent muriate of potash, you will obtain 1,410 pounds. To this you would have to add 590 pounds of rich earth to bring the total weight up to 2,000 pounds. The mixture would then analyze 10-4. If you do not wish to add the ’earth you can divide the 1,410 pounds by four, and you will then be adding the equivalent of 500 pounds per acre and avoid the labor and ’expense which the additional bulk adds to the cost of handling and distributing the fertilizer. A 10-2-2 may be converted into a 10-2-5 by the addition of about 100 pounds of muriate of potash to a ton of the formu la. If you desire to use a 10-2-2 at the rate of 500 pounds per acre add 25 pounds of muriate of potash to each 500 pounds as you distribute it in the soil. A fertilizer analyzing approximately 10 per cent of phosphorus, 2 per cent of nitrogen and 4 per cent of potash may be prepared i by mixing together 1,140 pounds of id per cent acid phosphate, 700 pounds of cotton seed meal contain ing not less than 6 per cent of nitrogen, and 160 pounds of muriate of potash. • * • USING FORMAYDEHYDE AS A DISINFECTANT. M. J., Milledgeville, Ga., writes: Could I substitute formaldehyde for formalin in treating cotton seed? Will formaldehyde correct smut in corn? as you no doubt know, little knots form on the roots of beans, in which live cer tain bacteria, giving the plant the power of assimilating atmospheric nitrogen. If those nodules do not form, it is an indi cation that your land is not properly In oculated for growing beans, and the crop will not thrive permanently, even though you use very considerable amounts of nitrogen. For this crop we would advise the application of S to 9 per cent of acid phosphate, 1 to 2 per cent of nitrogen and about 5 to 6 per cent of potash. For sweet potatoes we think you will find about a 9-3-6 satisfactory. On very sandy land we would use a 10-3.5-7. On the beans we would use 400 to 500 pounds of the formula mentioned, and for the sweet potatoes 600 to 800 pounds. There are a number of varieties of prolific corn, and the difference in yield secured will depend somewhat on the source of the seed and on the fertility of the land and the treatment given the crop. We do not think there is a wide variation in yield to be anticipated from the use of several of the best known varieties. In our experience here at the college, Whatleys, Hastings, Marlboro, Cocke’s and Batts have all given good results. • * • ALFALFA RAISING IN TURNER COUNTY. -T. S. B.. Ashbnrn, Ga., writes: I am sending you a sample of alfalfa grown on rod pebbly land in Turner county. It was planted last October. Would like to have your opinion of it. When formalydehyde vapor is dis solved in water it gives us what is known as a 40 per cent solution which is commercially known as formalin. This is a strong .fungicide and disinfectant 8nd has been used very extensively for treating seed potatoes, oats and wheat. It has been suggested as having a value for the treatment of cotton seed the lint of which may contain the spores which produce anthracnose. When the seed is treated with formalin the mix ture should be prepared in the follow ing strength: Formalin one ounce, water two gallons. Treating corn with forma lin before planting is not likely to prove effective -in controlling the smut, espe cially if you attempt to grow the corn on land where this disease has been present before. The most effective meth- *od of dealing with this trouble is to cut out and burn all smut heads just as soon as they appear, and this prac tice followed up for several years will help you to control this trouble more effectively than any other method we can suggest. It is true spraying corn with Bordeaux mixture will help to con trol smut, but as it js not advisable to spray when the silks are in a re ceptive stage this method is not alto gether effective, and it is. costly and troublesome as well. Burn all smutted stalks and try some clean fresh seed and see if you do not gain considerable re lief from this trouble. * * * FEEDING THE BEAN CROP. W. A. W., Roeville, Ga.* writes: I would like to know the best zertllizer for bunch and all kinds of beans, and also for sweet potatoes? Is there a better or more prolific corn than Hastings? \ * Beans do nqt require as much nitrogen as some other crops, because they should be able to gather a part of this element from the air. Under normal conditions, The sample of alfalfa sent in is very fine indeed, and if you could succeed in growing a large area similar to this and maintain it in a prosperous condition for a series of years, you have struck upon an agricultural gold mine. We should be pleased to hear from you later on and learn how many cuttings of alfalfa you make this summer, and whether the hot weather in any way affects the stand. As the season advances and crab grass develops, you will find it important to keep the alfalfa closely clipped, for crab grass is one of its greatest enemies and is more destructive to it than almost any other one thing with which this .crop has to contend where attempts are made to gTow it in the southeastern states. No doubt you have limed your land well. If not, you should put on two tons of fine ground raw rock per acre and work it in with a harrow. Liberal fertilization will also pay. The fertilizer and lime should not be put on together. Top dress with yard manure in the fall and disk the alfalfa so as to split the crowns, but not cut them off. The disk should be set up perfectly straight, so as to prevent any slicing or cutting mo tion. We would not advise you to pas ture the alfalfa the first season. Give it a chance to thoroughly establish itself. We hope you will have continued suc cess in the production of this important crop in your section of the state. • • • BUILDING UP A MOUNTAIN FARM. E. J. N., Jackson, Tenn., writes: I have a farm at Rabun Gap, Ga., that I am anx ious to build up. I wish to use commer cial fertilizer this spring and then sow a cover crop this fall, turning same under. Does the college analyze soils? My land is low and well .drained, but lacks vege table matter. WJjat grade of fertilizer shall I use for corn ? The land about which you inquire has no doubt been badly handled and not rotated so as to maintain the fertility of the soil. On this account it is quite likely that a good part of the available plant food in the surface areas of soil has been leached out and washed away. The chances are you will find the use of phosphoric acid on this land profit able. Next nitrogen should be applied and some potash. For corn on all save the richest bottom lands we would think about a 9-2-3 should be used in your section of the state. From 500 to 600 pounds per acre will be a fair amount of commercial plant food to use. When land is in rather a rundown condition part - of the fertilizer should be put under the drill row and part used as a side application. You can build this land up rapidly by devoting it to cow peas and such winter cover crops as the hairy vetch and rye. Of course, other crops can be grown but these are well adapted to the locality about which you inquire, and will give you a large return in the way of green ma terial to plow under. The two legumes mentioned will also gather nitrogen from the air which is a very important consideration. The soils of Rabun county respond readily to good treat ment, and if you will build up the sup ply of vegetable matter through crop rotation and the turning under of legumes, and then use lime to correct acidity and put on a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potash to meet any deficiencies in these elements existing in the soil, you can cultivate these lands to advantage and raise large and prof itable crops. The college does not undertake to make anaylses of soils for individuals for obvious reasons. The law under which we operate gives us authority to make investigations of the typical soli areas in various parts of the state. This work is in progress and some very interesting and valuable results are being obtained. We hope that additional funds will be made available for this work so we may carry it forward on a larger and more desirable scale in the near future. * * * GROWING BERMUDA FO RHAY. W. T. (}., Middleton. Ga., -vrltes: Please advise me the best method of producing a large crop of Bermuda hay on land which 1ms been used for the last eight years for that purpose and has not been turned or resown during that time. Also please tell me the best treatment for oats planted in late Aiigust and October. Where an old Bermuda sod has been allowed to stand for a number of years it often becomes so dense that it does not produce satisfactorily. The only thing to do under the circumstances is to break it up with two-horse plows. This is quite a task, as you no doubt know, if you have had any experience along the line suggested. The land should be broken immediately and then thoroughly disked and sow 8 to 10 pounds of alsike clover scattered over the surface of the ground. The alsike should help to give body and quality to the hay. We would suggest that you lime the land at the rate of one ton of pulverized limestone per acre. An application of raw bone meal will also prove helpful as most grass crops need nitrogen and phosphorus. On rich bot tom lands potash may not be so essen tial, though we think you will find it helpful to use 200 pounds of kainit per acre. The fertilizer and the lime should nott be put on at the same time. There is nothing better to use on oats at this season of the year than nitrate of soda applied as a top dress ing at the rate of 100 pounds per acre. Put the nitrate on as soon as the weath er settles and the oats commence the vigorous growth which charactei izes them in the early spring. Waiting to put the nitrate on until late in the sea son is not advisable as it will probably produce growth at the expense of grain. * * * FERTILIZING WITH BLOOD AND TANKAGE. K. W. L., Felton, Ga., writes: I have about 1,000 pounds of blood and tankage that did not cost me anything, and would like to know what to mix with it to make a godo formula for coru and cotton, say a 10-8-3. What Is tankage worth? Jt is impossible to give an estimate of the value of blood and tankage with out knowing its composition since there are few materials on the market Which •vary so much in the amount of available plant food they contain. For the same reason it is very difficult to .suggest what you should mix with 1,000 pounds of blood and tankage to produce a 10— 3 3. High-grade blood contains 14 per cent of nitrogen, but we have no idea that the material you write about will run over 8 to 10 per cent. The tank age may contain anywhere from 8 to 12 per cent of phosphoric acid. At best any advice we could offer you would only be a guess without knowing the actual com position of the materials in hand. With 1,000 pounds of blood and tanage, how ever, we would be inclined to use 800 pounds of acid phosphate and 20 pounds of muriate of potash. We think this would make a very good formula. It is certain that it would run 5 per cent in potash and it should easily run 10 per cent in phosphoric acid and 3 to 4 per cent in nitrogen. ♦ * * COTTON GROWING IN ALABAMA. A. W. D., Tuscumbia, Ala., writes: What kind of fertilizer should be used on land for cotton where the soil has a considerable cl ay foundation ? Where the soil has a good clay foun dation there is not likely to be much loss of the fertilizer constituents through leaching away in the drainage waters. Clay subsoils are generally quite tenacious and water moves through them slowly, relatively speaking. You do not describe the character of the sur face soil, but it is more or less of a clayey nature as well. If It is sandy, use more phosphorus and potash than has been suggested; if of a clay character the formula set down should be found very satisfactory. We think about an 8—3—3 for cotton will answer very well. Use at least 500 pounds per acre. The nitrogen should be largely derived from organic sources, though sulphate •of ammonia and nitrate of soda may be used to some extent with adavntage. We think you will find sulphate relative ly cheaper than nitrate at the present time, and of course cotton seed meal makes an excellent base to use with acid phosphate and muriate of potash. In ex periments made it would appear that muriate of potash Is just about as valu able as kainit in correcting the tendency to rust in cotton. If you have been troubled with rusting increase the pot ash to 5 per cent. * * * SILAGE AND COTTON MEAL FOR BEEF CATTLE. W. H. M., Savannah, Va., writes: I am feeding some beef cattle this winter on ensilage and cotton seed meal, but I do not think they are doing as well as they should. They average about 900 pounds and I coraenced feeding tnem about De cember 1st. I give them about- all the silage they will eat up clean twice a day and a double handful of cotton seed meal. I also give them so,-- .-orn fodder but they do not seem to care for it. Do you think it would be wel to give them some crashed corn and cob meal? I have a mill and can grind it. They do not drink much water. They are also quite crowded In the barn. BEN HILL COUNTY IS A GARDEN SPOT OF GEORGIA, SAYS REPORT INCREASE FERTILITY OF ! Aviator Dies When LAND, GET RID OF CLODS Hydroplane Dives Beneath - Blue Sea Bureau of Soils of U. S. De partment of Agriculture in Co-operation With Georgia Agricultural College, Makes Survey of Soils BY RALPH SMITH WASHINGTON. D. C., April 15.—Ben Hill county is a garden spot of Georgia, according to a report recently made by the bureau of soils of the United States department of agriculture, as a.result of a soil suvey made in co-operation with the Georgia State College of Agriculture. The survey was made for the purpose of showing what crops the several types of soils of the county are best adapted to and how they should be treated, in order that the maximum crop yield per acre might be obtained. The report is illustrated by a colored map, showing the extent and location cf the different types of soil, the location cf towns, churches, schoolhouses, farms, streams, public roads and railroads of the county. Ben Hill county is in the Third con gressional district, which is represented by Congressman Crisp. Copies of the report may be obtained through Judge Crisp. The survey was ordered some time ago, before Georgia was redistricted. The county was then represented by Congressman Hughes, who now has the Twelfth district. He was instrumental in having the surve made. The county contains 256 square miles, or 163,840 acres. THE PECAN INDUSTRY. “While the principal crops are corn and cotton, there is a tendency to break away from the old practice of depending entirely upon cotton, which is the money crop,” states the report. “Sed Island cotton could be successfully grown on the better phase of the Tifton sandy loam. “Pecan growing is an industry which, although not conducted on a large scale as yet, is of sufficient prominence to de serve special mention. At present there are about 125 acres in pecans, of which eighty-five acres are trees of bearing age. The Tifton sandy loam is the soil best adapted to pecans. All the groves are usually set out forty feet apart and the land planted to cotton until the trees are five or six years old. By that time the trees begin to draw heavily on the moisture, and a grass crop is substi tuted for cotton. The trees begin to bear light crops at six or seven years, and at ten years produce nuts in paying quanti ties. The nuts readily command forty cents a pound.” There is a tendency to increase the present large acreage of oats. Wheat has been grown for home use but it is not likely that this crop will ever be come important in the area. Rye is grown for winter pasture, fur which it is very satisfactory. An in creasing acreage of cowpeas is being planted, the farmers apparently begin ning to realize the value of this crop in a definite rotation. METHODS IMPROVING. “Improvement in agricultural meth ods are taking place gradually,” says the report. “Modern farm implements are being introduced and their use Is spreading throughout the country. The one-horse plow is still used to turn a great part of the land .tjiqugh two-horse plows are becoming more common ana a few disc plows are seen. Disc har rows are in Commos use and many disc drills are also found. Commercial fertilizers are used uni versally for all crops, the general opin ion being that it is impossible to grow crops without them. About 50 per cent of the farms in the county are oper ated by the owners who frequently have little help except their own fam ily. “A more diversified system of agri culture,” asserted the report, “is grad ually coming into use in the better section of the county. More attention should be paid to crop rotation and particularly to the growing of hay and feed cr,ops. If more of these crops were grown and fed oh the farm a greater supply of barnyard manure would be available and the expenditure for commercial fertilizer would be ma terially reduced.” The price of land varies widely in the county from $7 an acre in the rough, undesirable section to $60, $70 and even $100 per acre near towns where the land is improved. SOME OF THE SOILS. Some of the soils mapped during the survey and their crop adaptations are: The Tifton sandy loam is considered the best soil in the county. It pro duces good yields of cotton, corn, and oats with less fertilizer tnan any other type. It is capable of producing an acreage yield of one bale of cotton per acre with proper fertilization and cul tivation although the average yield at present is probably about two-thirds of a b*»Jc per acre. Corn does well on tfcif type, yielding from 50 to 60 bush els per acre, and oats yielding as high as 50 bushels per . acre. The Norfolk sandy loam ranks next to the Tifton sandy loam in produc tiveness. Cotton does well and sweet potatoes, peanuts, velvet beans, water melons, and all crops that do not have a strong rooting system give handsome yields. Truck crops are also adapted to this soil and the type should gen erally be selected by anyone wishing to engage in trucking. The Norfolk loamy sand is consider ed almost as good as the sandy loam. It responds readily to good treatment and under liberal applications of fer tilizers good yields can . be secured. With careful handling and incorporation of organic matter in liberal quantities by plowing green cover crops this type could be made to produce good yields of the staple crops and would be ex cellent for early trucking purposes. Surely those who plant seeds in clod dy land do not know what they do. or they fail to realize just what clods mean to the growing plants. In many cases the excuse is that the clods cannot be prevented or pulver- iized, or that the amount of work nec essary to do so is too great; but we think, as a rule, the true reason Is that the farmer fails to appreciate the im portance of a good seedbed, or to re verse the statement, does not realize the injury which the clods do to his crops. As we have already pointed out, on many occasions, the three means of NEW DEMANDS ON THE COTTON BALE BUGGIES CENTURY BUGGIES are built for hard service. The best of material andworkmanship used throughout—every detailof construction and finish rigidly in«pected and tested. Every Vehicle Guaranteed for 3 Years. We Sell Direct to the User-cut out all middlemen’s profits and save you $25.00 to $45.00. I m EASY PAYMENTS ON ALL VEHICLES Pay for your buggy while you use it. Buggy shown here—triple auto seat, latest model, highest quality- retail value $100.00 to $125.00. Our prices range from $29.50 up; $10.00 down and $5.00 a month-guaranteed to please or your money back. Write for Freight Paid Prices. Your credit is good—write for Free catalogs showing full line of Buggies, Surreys and Farm Wagons. We make a fine line of HARNESS—and sell it at lowest price. A-* for Catalog. CENTURY MANUFACTURING C0.,Depf. 262 East St. Louis,Ill. or Dept. 2G2 200 Fifth Ave., Hew York City. 3YEAR GUARANTEE m An engine best adapted _ ^ f or your work is the engine you can depend on—capable of heavy and steady work every day and with less upkeep in cost. Colo’s Engines are the result of more than 50 years experience and success. Their wonderful dur ability-actual economy of fuel-their high grade mater- ial-skilled workmanship—their constant and reliable per- _ . , formance gives you the utmost in power and the greatest value^ oola on a genuine guarantee in engines your money can buy. Compact and have balanced valves. BIG BOOK engines your money c If you will make a comparison with any other engine, you 1 ,will find its superiority at once. All these are things to look for-that count In buying an engine. 1 Don’t buy an engine until you have investigated the Cole. Write today for catalogue and full Information regarding oui thjJ1 n special engine offer. Do R. D. COLE MANUFACTURING CO., Box K NEWNAN, GA.. fy'Jp'A' ; : ‘ >. i • •• ■:pi-, WE WILL GIVE This GOLD PLATED LOCKET, opens to hold two pictures, set with 8 similitude TURQUOISES, and a lovely 22-inch NECK CHAIN, and these 4 GOLD PLATED RINGS to anyone that willsellonly pieces of Jewelry at 1 Oc each and send us the $ 1.80 We trust you and take bach ali not sold. Address B. E. Dale Mfa- Co.,Frovidencc, Ft.I. © CHAIN 'Hf?f?WATCH JBLMm* JULA Ladies A Gents why buy a Solid Gold Watch. .Save money. Here is an honest Prove it. Sell 20 Packages of onr perfume at 15 cts. ■ When sold send ns $3.00 A we GUARANTEE to send yon a watch " eautifully engraved rase, Btem wind <fc set that compares for utility with .any SOLID GOLD watch made I he cause 1* or Gents’Chain ae desired free with every watch. Perfume DeptU-C, 630rec7«^ Vo.i n*t.» You are not feeding enough cotton seed, meal with your silage to secure a satisfactory result in the way of fat tening your beef cattle. A double hand ful of meal per day would probably not weigh over a pound to a pound and a half. You should feed a 900-pound ani mal four to five pounds of meal per day if you desire to finish before turning on grass. If it is your desire to cqrry these cattle through the winter and fin ish on grass do not feed over two or three pounds of meal per day. It would be better to start with a half pound and increase the amount gradually every two weeks until you are giving two or three pounds. When fattening in the stall with the idea of finishing in about 150 days, commence with two pounds of meal and gradually increase up to eight pounds. We think this is about the limit which can be fed to beef cattle of the weight suggested. We would prefer to keep the maximum amount of cotton seed meal to six pounds. A lit tle corn and cob meal by weight about a third or fourth of the ration will be found helpful in the fattening process, and since you are in position to crush it at home you should add a little to the daily ration. Naturally, cattle con suming a succulent ration are not likely to drink large quantities of water. A little salt now and then, especially rock salt, will be found very helpful in keep- I ing the appetites on edge. As the feed- * ing period progresses you will prob ably find a little falling off in the con sumption of silage. If you will take the shredded corn stover and put it in a rack in the yard where it will be pro tected from the rain you will find they will eat considerably quantities of it during the day. Crowding cattle which are to be fattened so as to keep them agitated is very undesirable. * * * DESTROYING WARTS ON CATTLE. B. T. C., Itockton, S. C.. writes: Please give me a remedy for taking warts off cows I have a nice heifer with her firsi calf and one of her teats is a solid mass of warts, and I notice small ones coining on the other ones. Warts are due to diseases of the skin and are classed ordinarily as tumors. They occur quite frequently in cattle. is not clearly understood. ally be destroyed by a solution of acetic acid. It should be applied drop by drop until the wart is saturated and soft. The overuse of the acid is to be guard ed against. Another way is to tie a string around the wart and tighten It from day to day. This will cause it to slough off. Cutting off with a knife may be resorted to but this is rather danger ous and difficult and is best only done by those who are expert in the treatment of warts. Where warts are cut off it is generally advisable to sear the part so as to prevent an undue amount of bleeding. Delicious Saratoga Chips made with Cottolene T, H, Kimbrough Writes a Letter Protesting Against Increased Requirements BY T. H. KIMBROUGH. I am neither a prophet or son of prophet, and if any of my ancestry were ever bit by Solomon’s pet dog, I have failed to find any record of it in history. Yet in more than a hundred letters in the last few months I predicted, and stressed the point in a speech at Ra leigh, N. C., November 7, that if we did not demand justice as regards the “cotton tare” and assert our rights, that other burdens would be imposed and other expenses charged against the American cotton bale. I was convinced of this by the determined efforts of cotton men in conventions held in April, May and July, 1912. Not a single cot ton producer was consulted, and while I was warning our people W this work, thousands of bales of our cotton (as I have just learned) were being penalized by ship lines, through the whole sea son. Some of these rules will result in the improved condition of the American bale, and is much needed, but it looks like the producer who works thirteen months every year to produce this cot ton, should occasionally be represented in some of these conventions. Also there are numerous and heavy charges, and on the increase, aggregating about 3 cents per pound between the farm and foreign factory. Seems there should be a limit somewhere. The producer should know somewhat of the situation, and what is expected of him by the recently adopted rules. If they are not satisfactory, he has the right, if not the manhood, to say 90, re membering there is but a short time in which to prepare, that he may comply with the demand, or enter his protest. About twent? years since the demand was made for a , sf^j^dard press box 28x54. and nearly every gin man and manufacturer of cotton presses complied with the demand and made the neces sary changes. Under new rules adopt ed by cotton men March 3 and 4, your press box must be changed to 24x54 and after compression show a density of 22 1-2 pounds per cubic foot, or penalty of $1 per bale is to be paid By these rules 500 pounds gross is standard bale, and the inference is if it weighs very much more or much less another penalty is to be added. They de many every bale to be wholly covered and covering well secured at ends. This has been the law all the while, yet the exporter objects, and has been ad ding a penalty if thoroughly covered. Every bale must be legibly marked so as to insure identification ar destina tion. If a bale does not show a density of 22 1-2 pounds per cubic foot, it shall pay an extra freight of 50 cents, and if bales are of larger measurement, that can not be brought to this stand ard density, it shall pay an extra freight of $1 per bale, and on this bale the (By Associated Press.) NICE, France, April 17.—Louis Gau- dart, a French aviator, was drowned while flying in a hydroaeroplane here this morning. Gaudart was skimming the sea in his machine in front of the pig eon shooting grounds, where a large number of spectators were admiring his evolutions. Suddenly the hydroaeroplane lost is equilibrium, the left wing cut the water. , , , the apparatus tilted and plunged into preventing clods are to fill the soil with 1 the depths . Gaudart’s body was not re vegetable matter; plow or break it when 'j covered, in proper condition ^.s to moisture; disk and cross-disk the land before breaking, if it is hard or inclined to break up in clods, and if clods are formed then harrow immediately after plowing when the clods are easiest to pulverize. At this time we wish to go a little more fully into the effects which clods pro duce, or the ways in which they injure the prospects for a good crop. First. All the plant foods in a clod are of no value to the plant so long as the clod remains a clod. In so far as the growing crop is concerned a clod might as well be a stone or a brick. If one-fourth is in clods the fertility of that soil is reduced just one-fourth as regards the plant v foods it can furnish to the crop. The fertility is reduced in other ways, but we shall speak of those later.’ The plant takes it food dis solved in the soil-water, and since the moisture in the soil cannot reach the plant foods in the clod and the roots of plants cannot enter the clod, all the plant foods locked up in the clod are lost to the plant. Second, the presence of clods means that there are numerous large spaces between these clods. The air fills these spaces and the soil moisture on the sur faces of the clods is lost, the soil be comes dry and the crops suffer for want of water. The moinsture in a soil, that is of use to plants, exists in a thin film around the outside of each soil par ticle. Not only is there more moisture held in the soil when it is finely pulver ized, because the smaller the soil par ticles the larger the surfaces for hold ing moisture, but also because the smaller the soil particles the more soil is touched by the soil water and the more quickly and completely are the plant foods dissqlved for the use of the crops. If we consider the clods are frequent ly many times one inch in diameter and that in a fine silt or clay soil the grains may be much less than one one-thou sandth of an inch, we can obtain some idea of the differences in the extent of the surfaces exposed to water in a clod dy and a well pulverized soil. Third, clods offer other obstacles than the fact that the small delicate roots and root hairs through which the plants take up their food and moisture, can not penetrate them. The larger the clods, the larger the open spaces be tween them, and the small rots cannot cross these open spaces. Their difficul ties in obtaining sufficient food and moisture is thus increased and the yields decreased. Naturally, these difficul ties caused by the presence of clods are most felt when the plants are young. Every seed, corn grain for in stance, contains a tiny plant and a store of food to give this embryo plant a start. If heat and moisture are sup plied it will start to grow. There is food enough in the seed or grain to start the plant along to where it can obtain its food for further growth from the soil. But these young roots are few and small and unless conditions are favorable for them in finding food and moisture in the soil, the plant suf fers. In cloddy land the soil does not set tle around the seeds and consequently th e moisture necessary to start the growth of the tiny plant within them is lacking and they fail to “come up.” if they do happen to fall into a small amount of fine soil, they “come up,” but the clods and opfen spaces between them so cut off th e supply of available, moisture and so limit the field where they can find food that slow growth and ■* decreased yield result. These clods offer still other obstacles to good crops. Next to the cultiva tion which is given the soil before the c op is planted and before it comes up, that given soon after it comes up, or while it is small or young, is most useful am. lost economically given. For instance, there is no implement that will give as econom cal cultivation, or quite so good, to the yo..ng corn and cotton plants as the smoothing harrow judiciously used;, but if the land is cloddy, little good will be done at this time with the harrow, if actual harm is not sometimes done. It is much harder to kill the small young grass or weeds -vhi h may spring up in cloddy soil than to accomplish this with a smoothing harrow on a well pulverized soil. It is simply shocking, the condition : 1 which much of our corn'and cotton land is planted. It costs more to pul verize the soil finely before planting than to allow the clods to be dissolved by the rains; but it pays because it saves labor and cost of cultivation and . cases the yield. c0W 07l£s ~&crWi ctAcmuxLir GJC UirmJL— Without Lessons or Knowledge of Muslo Any One Can Play the Piano or Organ In One Hour. Saratoga Chips made with Cottolene are never greasy, as are those made with lard. The reason for this is that Cottolene heats to about 100 degrees higher than either butter or lard, without burn ing, quickly forming a crisp coating which excludes the fat. Your chips, therefore, are crisp, dry and appetizing. Cottolene costs about the price of lard, and will go one- third farther than either butter or lard. Cottolene is never sold in bulk — al ways in air-tight tin pails, which pro tect it from dirt, dust and odors. It is always uniform and dependable. THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY Wonderful New System that Even & Child Can Use* GUARANTEED MIXED ^ PAINT Mi I. GALLON WE PAY THE FREIGHT EJ Direct from the Manufacturer r A Wonderful Paint Offer If any of your buildings need painting, write at once for our free paint sample offer. We sell the best ready mixed paint jn the world at lowest prices ever heard of—Oof a gallon for the best Barn Paint, $1.15 a g»l^ n for the finest House Paint in quantities. We pay the freight charges. Guaranteed For Ten Yeare Wo furnish full directions how to do aiy and just now we arc making a surprisingly lil offer. Write at once and get this great paint < free shade samples, strong testimonials and valu able paint information. Just say “Send me your latest paint offer.” ^ddress .CROSBY-FRANK Sc CO., 550 PraritSt., Chk^. Ill Rider Agents Wanted in each town to ride and exhibit sample INI bicycle. Write for special offer. Finest Guaranteed it Ifl 4g% €9/ 1913 Models # iwith Coaster Brakes* Puncture Proof tires. 1911 A 191*Models C7 #o all of best makes . .9 • L -..T* *7 tOO Second-Hand Whmola All m»k«»and modal., *9CO ffrea^FACTORY CLEARING SALE wo Shin on Approval uHthont a to ; # coaster brake rear wheels, lamps, sun dries. parts and repairs for all makes of bicycles _ at half usual prices. DO NOT BUY until you gel our catalogues and offer. Write now. „ _ MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept, d-180, CHICAGO penalty to be assessed as soon as possi ble after leaving the gin. The unsuit able and insufficient covering is de nounced in strong terms, claiming a loss in this of $50,000,000 per annum. No bill of lading will be issued after July, 1913, without fully describing the actu al condition of the bale as received by the ocean carrier. As follows;' 1. Thoroughly covered or not. 2. Cov ering insufficient to retain marks. 3. More or less wet. 4. More or less stain ed. 5. More or less soiled, a clean B. of L. will be hard to get. Bales to be well marked with good ink that will not fade or wash out, but can be read without a doubt. Marks to be put between the bands so that no part will be covered, etc. These are a few of the rules adopted at New Orleans, March 3 and 4 by exchanges. Cotton merchants, compress associations, exporters, gin men, rail road and ocean carriers, but not a pro ducer was consulted. Now we want to know how a bale of cotton is to be thoroughly covered with 42 or 44-inch bagging when we are allowed to use only six yards. One rule compels producer to use enough bagging w r hen compressed to wholly cover the cotton. The marine laws of the United States require the same, but the ex porter will not allow you to do it, but on the other hand, he actually charges against your cotton, 6 per cent (30 pounds) tare, but will allow you to put on only 4 per cent (20 pounds). Looks like a dilemma through a conspiracy. How can the requirements as to mark ing be complied with on the ordinary jute bagging, fish net variety, some of it ragged and rotten, a 200-pound boy can jump through or is cut to pieces with sample holes? Is it right for me to pay a penalty of $1 per bale when in some instances the fault is at com press? Or is my cotton to be penalized because of careless rough handling, or exposure after leaving my hands? Some of these rules are all right, others un just, conflicting and arbitrary. There should be a reformation. The producer should have his cotton in good shape; much of it is a dirgrace. j He should use a wider, better covering | well secured with strong twine at ends, 1 and his cotton well protected. This cov-1 ering should be smooth, closely woven j and strong, that a few stitches would j close sample holes and be well marked, j It should be of sufficient weight, width • and quantity to well protect every par- . tide of cotton and with the ties ap-1 proximate the tare charged, whether it, be 6 per cent or 4 per cent. If the arbitrary tare of 6 per cent can be adjusted a closely-woven covering, 52 j inches wide, weighing 1 1-4 or 1 1-2 pounds per yard, will furnish good pro tection; meet any reasonable demand of trade; will obviate the necessity of j heavy patching and if tariff duty is re- j moved, will not be expensive and will f also reduce freight and insurance. If it’s to our interest to change the press-box, have the bales to approximate, <e _, . , # v . u * j 500 pounds gross, discarding heavier He - y L OU co^n0a7. ! nI°”>” M “* ^ «>*>«■. ™ * covering that can he le*- She—“I couldn’t; I learned to play in one horn ibly marked, reduce insurance and Forced rtecl. Patented. Low priced. Sells to auto by tho wonderful ‘Easy Method Music !* r ' freight rates, better protect our cotton owners, farmers, mechanics In the shops and the home. Impossible, you say? Let us prove it at in transit, remove prejudice and satisfy £ofli£. Tra%c“*samp!?£^wkS-s. ^rltTSon^e! our expense. We will to play t he trade, we should cheerfully comply. THOMAS TOOL CO.,£3££W«z* St Davtoa Ohio ^t P u^ y °oVe r a K n a ^ Wmn0taSk0ne . At same time ftRht aU ^uatitles, I '"*^*?*£ A musical genius from Chicago has whether they be unjust penalties, arbi- | invented a wonderful system whereby any-'1 trary tare or other unreasonable de- | one can learn to play the Piano or Organ ma nds, calculated to absorb the profits, j in one hour. With this new method you , cause a deficit 1 don’t have to know one note from another, i cr ® ate a 1 j )SS or caus ® a yet in an hour of practice you can' be T° produce enough cotton to clothe playing the popular music with all the i thte people, it requires hard labor, con- fingers of both hands and playing it well, stant toil, a great deal of sweat and The invention is so simple that even a more patience, and he who produces, child can now master music without costly i 1 and instruction. Anyone can have this new is entitled to some consideration and method on a free trial merely by asking, fair dealings. Simplyjwrite saying, “Send me the Easy j n conclusion, the convention that I will lend you a VICTOR Talking Machine rDiTlT orVICTROLA I IILL mm for x trial in your own home. You need not send me lone cent. I will send you a genuine Victor or VictroU | ( a ny one you may choose from my complete Free cata* I lo?); if after trial you decide to keep it, 1 will sell it tayqu I on terms of n*y easy payment plan, and for not one cent I more than you would pay for a cash purchase. If you de- cide that you don’t want It j uat notify me and send it back at my expense. The risk la all i mine. I trust you. Write to-dpy for my I proposition. PETER GOODWIN. Prw.. I Goodwin Mercantile Co., 899 rentary Bid*. *19 St. looU, Wo. n FS5H SElNESi^NETSi Wade to special order at 25 PER CENT DISCOUNT All Kinds ofFUhlngTtckle Write f*r r Prices 4 Catalai Just think of it—a Minnow Seine 4 ft. deep, rigged complete with sinkers and floats, Vs in. voren mesh, sent by paroel post at these prices. 4 ft. long 38c 6 ft.long.......55© 3 ft. long 73c 10 ft. long 86o Send Post office Money Order. BOUKNE & BOXD, a Msrket Street, Loaisvllto, Ky. AGENTS $24 A WEEK R. M. Kino Mad. *45 In 0 Days Waited Form Music Method as announced in ; i.e Atlanta Journal. ,m££ TBEAJL The complete system together with 100 pieces of music will then be sent to you Free, alL charges prepaid and absolutely not ono cent to pay. You keep it seven days to thoroughly prove it is all that is claimed for it, then if you are satisfied send us $1.50 and ono dollar a month until $6.50 in ali is paid. If you are not delighted with it, send it back in seven days and you will have risked nothing and will be under no obligations to us. Be sure to state number of white keys on your piano or organ, also post office and ex press office. Address Easy Method Music Company, 314 Clarksou Bldg., Chicago, 111. adopted these rules on March 3 and 4 are providing a strong delegation to shape national legislation, to secure a standard and reform bale for our cotton that will satisfy their associations. Now, what will the producer do? Has he any rights and nerve to assert them? Will he allow other associations to rep resent his interests or will be claim the privilege? The producer must decide and act, or respectfully accept the consequences. Is not this question of sufficient impor tance, involving millions of dollars, to call for action of governors, commission ers and the farmers? Farmer or Farmer!* I wilh rig in every County to intro- «Soiy| duce «nd sell Family and Veten- nary Remedies, Extracts and Spices. Fine pay. One man made $90 one week. Wa mean bun* r-eaa and want a man in your County. Write us. 3hores-MneI!erCo.,Df pt. 86. Cedar Rapids,Im Fish Bite Like Hungry Wolves. Fill your Nets Traps or Trot Lines if you bait with >1 AGIO-FISH-LURK. Best hair, ever used for attracting lv all kinds of fish. Write for price list to-day and get a box to help introduce it. Agents wanted. Jw F. GREGORY, Dept. 8, St. JLoula, Mo.