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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, AXUAIMTA, liA., TUESDAY, Aram 70S, lmj.
AGRICULTURAL
Education,,
5g-—SVXOSKL l
$> Andrew ft. &oule
This department icill cheerfully endeavor to furnish any Information.
Letters should 6c addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president Stat*
Agricultural College, Athens, Qa.
T HE work of the State College of
Agriculture falls naturally into
three divisions: First, instruc
tion; second, research: third, extension.
The college was reorganized in 1907.
At that time it had very few students
and practically no equipment. At the
present time its property is worth about
$400,000 and 350 persons have received
instruction at Athens this year. Near
ly 1,365 students have received instruc
tion at the college since its organiza
tion, and whereas, it started with five
persons on its staff, there are now
forty-four. The facilities and equip
ment of the college are unsurpassed in
the south though altogether too limited
to meet the needs of the remarkable
increase in student attendance which
has taken place in the past five years.
Georgia has only appropriated $100,000
to provide buildings for instruction of
an academic grade in agriculture. No
other state institution has received so
little in proportion to the interests it is
expected to serve.
The college farm, formerly a worn-
out and neglected plantation, has been
materially improved and now produces
large crops and shows a creditable bal
ance on the right side of the ledger.
More than 150 head of stock are main
tained on the farm representing one
* breed of horses, two breeds of hogs and
three breeds of tattle. The value of
the farm buildings and animals is now
in excess of $20,000.
In the laboratories and demonstration
field research work of primary im
portance to Georgia agriculture is in
progress. Investigations into strains of
cotton highly resistant to anthracnose,
a disease causing an appalling loss to
cotton growers of Georgia, are in prog-
§ ress. The development of strains of
corn better adapted for cultivation on
uplands has been undertaken on a large
scale. Special attention is given to the
growth of crops which will enable
the soils of the state to be built up
with rapidity and economy. Crop rota
tions are being studied out and the re
lation of fertilizers to economic pro
duction ascertained. In every specific
department of the institution a -special
line of research is being prosecuted
with the idea of developing agricultu
ral leaders from the student body ar.d
furnishing the farmers of the state
with the latest and best scientific data
with reference to their callirfg.
The department of agronomy is study-'
ing the fertilizer .deficiencies of Geor
gia soils. The department of agri
cultural chemistry is carrying on soil
surveys in several counties of the state.
The department of animal husbandry is
distributed pure-bred live stock as a
reasonable cost to Georgia farmers. The
department of poultry husbandry is de
termining the needs of this particular
business and is pointing out to farmers
how they may market eggs so as to ob
tain a better price. The department of
farm mechanics is supplying thos’e
residing in the country with plans
for- barns and other warm build
ings. The department of forestry is
supervising forest areas throughout the
state. The department of cotton indus
try is making investigations relative to
the improvement of cotton fibers. The
department of horticulture is studying
the pecan and various fruits now pro
duced in the state. The department
of veterinary medicine is manufacturing
and distributing hog cholera serum at
cost. These investigations constitute
the basis of the information conveyed
to the farmers of the state through
the extension demonstration work.
The college is also carrying on an ex
tensive correspondence and giving direct
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FISH SEINES/NETSt
personal information to more than 25,-
000 farmers each year. It is distribut
ing bulletins and other literature to a
mailing list of 25,000 names. These t cl-
letins deal, for instance, with such im
portant topics as liming the soil, hog
cholera and its prevention, varieties of
cotton, the improvement of the corn
crop, the utilization of cotton seed meal,
and the application of commercial fer
tilizers. Thus, every person connected
with the college is actively engaged In
promoting the welfare, pot only of the
student body, but of the farmers
throughout the state. No institution in
Georgia is so actively engaged or has its
work so completely correlated with the
main industry of the state as the State
College of Agriculture.
But this is not all, for in addition to
the above the institution is condcting
extension work in all parts of the State.
During the past fear 817 meetings were
held attended by 101,701 people. The
members of the college staff traveled
121.066 miles to render this service,
which included the organization of 54
itinerant schools, attended by 3,404 peo
ple; 120 farmers’ institutes attended by
28,350 people: the organization of bops
and girls’ clubs in 139 counties with an
aggregate enrollment of 12.000; 20 teach
ers’ institutes-attended by 1,842 teachers;
52 miscellaneous meetings, attended by
64,386 people; 86 girls’ canning club
meetings, attended by 4.497 people. Meet
ings and excursions to the college on the
part of farmers added 1,000 more to the
list.
This is a record-of which any institu
tion may well be proud, and when it is
remembered that the itinerant traveling
representatives of the college visit and
meet with the people in their home com
munities and cover the state of Georgia
thoroughly so that they may bring the
new truths of agriculture to the per
sonal attention of the people, the good
which is being accomplished through ex
tension agencies each year is beyond
question worth millions of dollars to the
state. Fo* instance, the girls last year
in the clubs put up more than 100,000
cans of fruits and vegetables. One hun
dred and thirty-eight club members who
kept and submitted reports produced
$4,800 worth of garden products and put
up 25,000 cans of vegetables. The aver
age profit per one-tenth acre was $25.88.
Think what it means to the state to
have such work in progress, and then re-
ect that the college is unable to organize
clubs in but a few counties this year,
because of insufficient financial support
for this work.
The members of the boys’ corn clubs
last year undoubtedly grew 400,000 bush
els of corn. In 1910, 300 boys completed
their reports. The average yield per
acre was 45 bushels of corn. Two boys
produced over 100 bushels per acre. In
1911, 1,000 boys completed their reports.
The average yield per acre was 54 bush
els. Fifty-four boys produced more than
100 bushels per acre. I^n 1912, 2,500
boys completed their reports with an av
erage yield of 60 bushels. This was ac
complished in the worst agricultural
year which Georgia has known in a
decade. These 2,500 boys, on 2,500 acres
of land, produced 150,000 bushels of corn.
Seventy-two boys produced more than
100 bushels per acre. The total number
of bushels raised by these 72 boys was
9,068 or an average of more than 125
bushels per acre at a cost of less than
30 cents per bushel. In addition to the
above, 2.500 boys reported to the county
school superintendents, but not to the
College of Agriculture. Undoubtedly,
100,000 farmers were influenced to im
prove their practice by these results.
The school system of the state has been
benefited and a new impulse brought into
it. This is attested by the state super
intendent of education, Hon. M. L. Brit
tain, in a recent interview.
The farmers’ co-operative demonstra
tion work recently correlated with the
work of the college, is exerting a re
markable influence on the agricultural
development of the state. The agencies
at work if properly supported are des
tined to revolutionize the agricultural
conditions in Georgia. Your co-operation
and support are sought, therefore, in se
curing the appropriations as outlined on
the following sheets. If this can be
done, the college can go forward and
perform the mission for which it was
created, the children of the state will be
strengthened in their purpose to stay on
the land, and all our industries placed
on a permanent and efficient basis.
FERTILIZING RED MULATTO LAND.
P. G. W., Taylorsville, Ga., writes: I have
about 15 acres of gray land with red and
mulatto subsoil which I wish to plant to
corn and cotton. I intend to use two tons
of fertilizer under it, and wish to know
how much cotton seed meal, phosphorus
and potash to use, and also kainit if needed?
I am thinking of planting some early
melons, and Wish to know what to do to
push them.
Write far
Prices & Cattles
Just think of it—a Miaatw Seine 4 ft. dee}, rigged
complete with sinkers and floats, Yg in. woven
mesh, sent by parcel post at these prices.
4 ft. long 38c 6 ft.tong 55c
8 ft. long 73c 10 ft. long 85o
Send Pott office loner Order.
BOURNE & BOND, 813 Market Street, Louisville, Ip.
AGENTS—200% trsS
Scraper and Cleanar-
ev#r Y porch and outside door.
Kiaht now is the time to sell It—A
winner. C. P. Draper, Mess.,
first order for 200. C. A. John,
•on told 40 in 1% dsys. W. W.
Herpster, Pe., made $27.45 la 4
® v *«inee, «psre time work.
— . Write quick for terms of free
•ampTe. A postal will do.
Thomas Co. s£*is WostSt. Dayton,»
Fish Will Bite
like hungry wolves, fill your not
o/'fVtrap or trot line if you bait with
Tragic-Fish-Lure.
Best fish bait ever discovered. Over 60.000 boxes
gold to fishermen last season. Write for price list
to-day and get a box to heh> introduce it. Agents
wanted. J.F. Gregory, K-103. 81. Louis, Mo
use. Kainit is not valuable in the soil
for any purpose save the potash which
it carries. Where the application per
acre is as light as you contemplate, it
would not be advisable to reserve part
of the fertilizers and use it as a side ap
plication. It would be very desirable, how
ever, to use 200 pounds of the same
formula as a side application relatively
early in the growing season.
There is no reason why you should
not advance the maturity of your melon
crop considerably by- following the sug
gestions outlined below: Secure cans,
or better still, paper boxes or berry
boxes in which to plant the seeds. Put
several in each box, and as they grow
off thin down until one or at most two
plants are left. The seed should be
planted in the richest earth you can se
cure, and they may be watered lightly
from time to time with liquid manure.
Set them in a cold frame as close to
gether as possible. You can make this
out of rough boards. It should be at
least a foot high in front and a foot and
a lirilf at the back, and may be banked
on the outside with earth. The loca
tion selected should be dry and where
the sun will shine on it practically all
day long. It would be well to excavate
the ground, as you have suggested,
where you place the cold frame and fill
it with manure over which a light coat J
ing of earth should be put. You should
be certain to see that the manure does
not heat the ground too much. You
can regulate this by the use of ther
mometers and leaving the bed open.
The covering at night may consist of
canvas or glass. A lamp could be
placed in it, provided you can fix it so
there will be no danger- of fire.
* * *
ADJUSTMENT OF FERTILIZER FOR
MULA.
W. A. H.. Danielsvllle, Ga.. writes: I
have 1,000 pounds of blood and tankage 6
per cent, 800 pounds of cotton seed meal
6.18 per cent, 2 tons of acid 'phosphate
16 per cent, and 400 pounds of muriate of
potash. I want to know what this com
bination would analyze and what you think
of It?
If you will mix all the materials you
have on hand together the 6,200 pounds
will contain approximately 109 pounds
of available nltrogeii, 60 pounds of avail
able phosphoric acid and 216 pounds of
available potash. This estimate is based
on the figures given in your letter. We
would expect a mixture of blood and
tankage to contain some phosphoric
acid but you make no mention of this
fact, and so we have not given the mat
ter further consideration. It would not
be possible to do so without a definite
analysis of the* material you have on
hand for the reason that blood and tank
age varies so widely in composition,
owing to the source from which it is de
rived. We have credited the cotton seed
meal with containing 2.5 per cent of
phosphoric acid and 2 per cent of potash.
The- percentage composition of your fer
tilizer would be approximately 10.6 per
cent of phosphoric acid, 1.7 per cent of
nitrogen and 3.5 per cent of potash. This
formula is possibly a litter higher in
phosphorus than is needed on the farms
in your section of the state, and some
what lower in nitrogen than is advis
able. We would be disposed to recom
mend the use of some high-grade carrier
of nitrogen as a top dressing along with
this fertilizer formula. In other re
spects we think it will answer very well
for the farm conditions under which
you are operating.
DESTROYING MOLES.
P. S. G., Savannah, Ga.. writes: I wish
to plant some Irish potatoes on land badly
infested with moles, and should like to
apply some poison to the seed potatoes to
kill the moles. How would It do to
sprinkle them with Paris green just before
planting? I have ten tons of burnt oyster
shell lime. Will it he practicable to ap
ply this lime just before planting the corn,
broadcasting the lime, disking and plant
ing as soon thereafter as land can d©
gotten into proper shape?
Trade and Crop Re
ports from the South
-—FROM BRADSTREET’8.
CHARLESTON, S. C.—Wholesale
trade continues quiet, but retail is good,
due to seasonable weather. Collections
are slow.
CHATTANOOGA.—Jobbers of dry
goods, clothing and shoes report that
business is quiet. On the other hand,
retail lines ar ti fairly active. Farm
ers are taking advantage of the dry
weather and catching up with their
work, which is badly behind. Straw
berry growers are looking forward to
a largo yield.
MEMPHIS.—Planting operations are
in full progress, except in thie flooded
sections. Wholesale trade is still re
tarded by high water. Warm weather
Ills stimulated retail trade in wearing
apparel. Collections are only fair.
ATLANTA—Retail trade is fairly sat
isfactory. Warm weather has stimu
lated sales of spring wearing apparel.
.Jobbers report some improvement in
sales, but collections continue to drag.
Farmers are taking advantage of good
weather and making fair progress with
planting.
BIRMINGHAM—Demand for pig iron
shows a slight increase. Trade, whole
sale and retail, is fairly satisfactory.
Preparations for crops are further ad
vanced thRn at this time last year,
and the outlook is encouraging.
MOBILE—Jobbers in all lines report
that trade is fairly active. Retail trade
is good. Collections remain slow. About
the same acreage is being planted in
cotton as last year. The strawberry
crop is going forward and a number of
cars have been shipped.
MONTGOMERY—Good weather now’
prevailing has helped farmers, and pros
pects are more favorable. Trade in all
lines continues quiet. Collections are
poor.
JACKSON—Recent frost injured
truck farmers. Wholesale trade is fair
and retail is good. Collections are slow
to fair. ,
NEW ORLEANS—Good weatner this
week has been very beneficial to this
part of the country, and the sun has
aided in drying and strengthening the
levees. There is depression in the sugar
industry, which is also felt by those
having dealings wit$i that interesting,
owing principally to the tariff agitation
and. possible overflow of the river. Rice
planters have increased the acreage
about 20 per cent, but there was some
replanting done on account of rains
earlier in the season. The acreage in
cotton will also be largely increased,
especially if there is no overflow. Farm
ers in this section are increasing their
corn planting each year, an dthis product
will no doubt become a money maker.
Jobbers are handling filling-in orders
principally. Retail trade is fairly active,
and collections are fair.
SAN ANTONIO—Trade in wholesale
lines is fair, and collections are good.
Retail traders' report slow collection, but
better sales. Crops need rain, and hot
The destruction of moles is a difficult
thing to accomplish. The use of carbon
bisulphide in the runways often proves
quite effective. It is best applied by
saturating bunches of cotton waste and
opening up the holes and putting them
therein and covering well with earth.
Another excellent method is to poison
meat which may be done with arsenic,
provided there 4 are no other animals
which are liable to obtain access to it
and be destroyed. This should be put in
the runways also. There are mole traps
on the market and these prove quite
effective if properly set. We are inclined
to think the moles will not eat the pota
toes to any appreciable extent, although
they -vvill render the ground porous in
their migration after grubs and other
insect life which inhabit the upper crust
of the earth. We do not think you will
secure the best results from planting
potatoes on land infested with moles.
We hardly think you you could poison
potatoes against moles without injuring
the potatoes.
There is no reason why oyster shell
lime should not be applied to land short
ly before corn is planted. It should not
be mixed with the fertilizer, however,
and should not be covered into the soil
to any considerable depth, though har
rowing the ground after it is applied
will not be objectionable. It is best to
broadcast it where you have no lime dis
tributor.
PREVENTING RUST IN COTTON.
E. J. K., Yatesville, Ga., writes: In
-usinj? kainit under cotton to # prevent rust,
would you advise me to mix it with the
guano and bed oil the same, or put it
down at the time of planting the seed?
The use of 4,000 pounds of •fertilizer
on fifteen acres of land of the character
described is a very light application
for corn and cotton. If this is the larg
est amount yoir can afford to use, we
would advise that you apply 20.0 pounds
to the cotton And an average of 300
pounds to the corn. Corn, as you no
doubt know, makes 'a heavier draft on
the plant food supply of the soil than
cotton. You . can not expect' large re
turns from the use of this amount of
fertilizer unless your land is much rich
er than the average. If you could use
this formula in connection with yard
manure or compost consisting of decay
ed woods earth better results will be
secured.
A good formula to prepare out of the
materials suggested in your letter would
be as follows: 1,000 pounds of high-
grade acid phosphate, 900 pounds of cot
ton seed meal and 100 pounds of muriate
of potash. This formula will analyze
approximately 9.1 per cent of phosphoric
acid, 2.8 per cent of nitrogen and 3.4
per cent of potash. In order to get the
percentages noted it would be necessary
for you to exclude the kainit, which is
a low grade material as compared with
muriate, or else substitute some’other
form of nitrogen carrier for a part of
the cotton seed meal. We think the
formula suggested is the best you can
There is no reason why kainit used
under cotton to prevent rust should not
be applied at the time the seed is plant
ed. There is very little danger of the
kainit being washed from the land, and
if it is in the soil the plant will have a
better chance to secure its full share of
potash and thus remain in a vigorous
condition throughout the growing season
and be better able to withstand the rust.
The theory of preventing many diseases
of the human being, as you know, is to
keep the system in good condition and
the same thing applies to plants. If we
supply the crop with all the elements
needed in a proper combination and
amount a good yield is generally ob
tained even when seasonal and soil con
ditions are not always as favorable as
we would like to have them. If cotton
rusts badly on your land we would ad
vise you to us e at least 100 pounds of
kainit, and in extremely bad cases as
much as 200 pounds can some times be
used to advantage. When using such
heavy applications, 100 pounds might be
put under the drill rom and 100 pounds
used along with other ingredients short
ly after the cotton is chopped back to a
stand.
SPRAYING THE PEACH ORCHARD.
T. L. K., Thoniftsville, Ga., writes: I
would like some information in regard to
spray formulas for peach trees; also would
like your opinion of sugar beets as a stock
food, and their value in the Georgia mar
ket.
Sugar beets have not been used to
any considerable extent in the south as
a stock food. There is a belt which
runs acros’s the United States in which
the sugar beets may be grown with
greater success for sugar production
than elsewhere. This belt lies north of
Georgia. We are inclined 'to think you
can secure more dry matter per acre
from several crops than j^ou would ob
tain through the growth of sugar beets.
Cow peas will make you a richer food,
and the crop can be grown, harvested
and preserved with less outlay than
would be the case with beets. If one
only had a family cow and desired to
grow a few beets in the garden they
may be cultivated just as ordinary table
beets, bu,t they should be planted early.
It is now too late in our judgment to
sow them to any advantage. Tre sugar
beet Is more expensive to cultivate than
the mangel because so much of it
grows in the ground making^ it tmore
costly to harvest. The sugar beett as
a food for stock is not so satisfactory
probably as the mangel because of its
high content of sugar which tends to
cause the animals consuming it in any
considerable quantities to hcour.
i * * *
APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A
GRAIN MIXTURE.
.7. P. S., Malone, Ala., writes: What will
2,000 pounds of a 10-2-2 guano and 2,000
pounds of a 10-4 acid mixture analyze?
Also what would 2,000 pounds of 10-4 ncid
and /l,000 pounds of prime cotton seed
meal analyze?
A mixture of 2,000 pounds of 10-2-2
and 2,000 pounds of a 10-4 formula
would contain approximately 400 pounds
of available phosphoric acid, 40 pounds
of available nitrogen and 120 pounds of
available potash. In other words, it
would represent the equivalent of a
10-1-3 formula. If you mix together
2,000 pounds of a 10-4 formula and 1,000
pounds of cotton seed meal containing
not less 4han 6.18 per cent of nitrogen,
2.5 per cent of phosphorus And 2 per
cent •£ potash, the 3,000-pound mixture
would contain 7.5 per cent of phos
phorus, 2.6 per cent of nitrogen and 3.3
per cent of potash. The latter formula
would in our judgment be better for
most farm crops, but the 10-1-3 would an
swer very well for legumes on all save
sandy land where more potash should
be used. We think the use of more
than 7.5 per cent of phosphorus 1$ ad
visable on most soils.
• ♦ *
FOLLOWING OATS WITH VELVET
BEANS.
E. L. S., Washington, Ga., writes: I
have a piece of deep sandy land which
was in cofn and peas last year, and now •
it is in oats, and I want, to put it in
velvet beans after the oats. I wish to
know how far apart to plant and what
fertilizer to use, and how- much seed It
will take.
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FREE
' It now too late to spray the peach
for the San Jose scale but you may
spray with arsenate of lead for the
plum curculio. This should be done as
the calyxes and shucks are shedding and
about three weeks later. The peach
should be sprayed with the self-boiled
lime-sulphur formula three weeks after
the calyxes fall and four weeks later.
Arsenate of lead may be adAed to this
to combat the curculio. The self-boiled
lime-sulphur is made by taking 24
pounds of unslaked lime, 24 pounds of
sulphur and 150 gallons of water. The
sulphur should be made into a paste
with a small amount of water. Then
dilute, to aboui five gallons and pour
the whole over the 24 pounds of lime
and permit the mixture to boil. When
the mixture becomes well tinged with
a yellowish red color, which should or
dinarily take place in ten to fifteen
minutes, dilute to 150 gallons and
strain. To each 50 gallons of self-boil
ed lime-sulphur mixture add two pounds
of arsenate of lead and mix thoroughly.
Velvet beans may be planted at vari
ous distances. Ordinarfly we would put
them in rows about four feet apart and
set the drill so as to drop the beans
about six inches to one foot apart in the
row. Cover them as you would cow-
peas, soy beans or any other of the
leguminous crops. After they once get
a start they will spread rapidly across
the rows and cover the ground in a shor.t
time with a mass of foliage. They are
well adapted for growth on sandy land;
in fact, they often do better on soils
of this character than on the heavy
types of clay. They can be grown suc
cessfully after oats, though if you de
sire to develop them sufficiently to cut
them for, hay, they should be planted
as soon as danger of frost is past, and
even then it will onltf - be in rare in
stances that they will develop sufficient
ly before frost falls to be cut and cured
satisfactorily for hay in north Georgia,
j’or soil improvement we think them
one of the best of all the legumes. We
would fertilize them with 300 to 450
pounds cf a 10-1-5 mixture on sandy
land. You may put the fertilizer under
the drill row before planting the crop.
The amount of seed required will de
pend on the thickness of planting and
will vary from one to two pecks, de
pending on whether you plant in hills
or rows. |
WILSON ATTENDS
BONILLA MEMORIAL
WASHINGTON, April 18.—President
Wilson, Secretary Bryan, other members
of the cabinet ind practically the en
tire diplomatic corps attended a requiem
mass here early today in memorial of
the late President Manuel Bonilla, of
Honduras.
COTTON MARKET BEARS
ASSUMING TOO MUCH
i
Commissioner Conner Says In
creased Fertilizer Sales Do
Not Mean More Cotton
Georgia has consumed more fertilizers
this season than it used last season, but
according to Agricultural Commissioner
J. J. Conner this should not be taken
to mean that there is a larger cotton
acreage or that the cotton crop will be
any bigger this year than it was last
year.
The commissioner asserts that the
increase in the fertilizer sales is due
to the more liberal use of fertilizers in
the production of crops other than cot
ton. He points out that although the
sales for the season of 1912-13 show a
small increase over those of the season
of 1911-12, they are considerably less
than those of 1910-11.
Commissioner Conner’s statement is
based on the number of fertilizer and
cotton seed meal tags sold during the
past three seasons. Pie says the cotton
market bears are endeavoring to dtpress
prices by predicting a big crop and are
stressing the increased sales of fertil
izer in proof of their predictions.
Commissioner Conner’s statement fol
lows :
Tag sales from October 1, 1910, to
April 1, 1911:
w Tons.
Fertilizer tags for 1,137,471.2
Cotton seed meal tags for... 49,591.7
Total 1,187,062?9
Tag sales from October 1, 1911, to
April 1, 1912:
• x Tons.
Fertilizer tags for.; 925,484.8
Cotton seed meal tags for., 46,628.0
Total 972,112.8
Tag sales from October 1, 1912, to
April 1, 1913:
Tons.
Fertilizer tags for 983,371.2
Cotton seed meal tags for.... 53,217.7
Total .. . . : 1,036,588.9
Tons.
Decrease in 1911-1912 from
1910- 1911 214,950.1
Increase in 1912-1913 over \
1911- 1912 64,476.1
Decrease in 1912-1913 from
1910-11 150,475.0
A STEP TOWARD EXTERMINATING
THE DISASTAOUS BOLL WEEV1
weather and dry winds retard growth.
There is a brisk carload business in
onions from the Laredo belt. Cabbage
prices are far below last year’s. New
potatoes are coming in.
THE CHOPS.
Early crop reports are good, and farm
ers are busy making up for time lost
during the long spell of wet, cold weath
er. Winter wheat is in fine condition,
and it is thought that not over 1,000,000
acres will be abandoned. If this is cor-
rect a May 1 prospect of 520,000,000
bushels seems likely, a total 30,000,000
bushels above the record. Flood damage
to wheat has been slight, except in bot
tom lands of Indiana and Ohio. Good
weather in the northwest has allowed of
quick progress in spring wheat seed
ing, and about half the seeding in south
ern Minnesota and South Dakota has
been finished. Oats seeding is active in
the southwest and making some prog
ress in the central west. Corn plant
ing has been finished in Texas, and in
that section the crop is up. Pastures
the country over though a little late,
are in good shape. A week of sunshine
throughout most of the south has made
for more activity among farmers of that
section, for perceptible progress in
planting, for an Infusion of greater
courage among those fighting the flood
in th£ lower Mississippi "Valley, and a
consequent strengthening of the levees,
The most effective step to be made in
waging an intelligent warfare against
the cotton boll weevil is the adopting of
asystematic rotation of^rops. This ro
tation should be planned to suit the
needs of farmer and of the soil. Thus
the weevil would be weakened and at
the same time the farmer would be
made safe in his business by the great
er variety of crops produced.
If the average cotton farmer in the
section already infested with boll weevil
or that is to be infested, before frost in
the fall will plant a field of corn, an
other of legumes for hay and another
of lespedeza or some other clover or
some grass for pasture, the insect can
not ruin him this year. Even if it
should very greatly damage the cotton,
he will have grain for work stock and
for fattening hogs for home meat sup
ply, hay for work stock and cattle,
pasture for these and for the hogs. He
will have a living outside of cotton.
Wise rotation is a sure way to avoid
panic when the weevil comes and to
make the best of conditions after it has
become thoroughly established in a sec
tion.
Changing the cotton field reduces the
infection from weevil. The insects
spend the winter in and around the
place where they breed, so a field at the
remote side of the farm from the cot
ton of previous year will be freer from
infestation. The rotation should pro
vide that the cotton fields of two suc
cessive years be as far apart as possi
ble.
Early planting of cotton is one of the
most important practices in a boll
weevil infested territory. The weevil
spends the winter under cover in and
around cotton fields. Woods, hedge
rows, brush patches, weeds and trash
of all kinds make hiding places for
them. Most of these do not survive the
winter, so that a comparatively small
number come out to begin breeding In
the summer. Before a crop can be ma
terially damaged these few survivors
must multiply greatly. One female lays
considerably over a hundred eggs on an
average. In two to three weeks these
hatch and develop into weevils and be
gin to breed. Thus with the passing of
each week in the summer the numbers
of weevils increase greatly. The cotton
that matures early may have but a few
insects to damage it, while the late ma
turing crop may be ruined.
The placing of cotton in the rotation
and growing of several other important
crops will mean less acreage. This will
make it possible to plant cotton earlier
because of the smaller acreage. It will
which it is now hoped will withstand
the pressure, now greatest in the lower
reaches of the river. More rain would
be helpful in the west and southwest
Texas, but corn is up to a good stand
and cotton is doing well in most of that
state. In the lower Mississipi cotton
planting is active, except where actual
overflows are dreaded, and some opti
mistic views are expressed of areas de
vastated by weevil in past years being
planted this year in cotton. Rice plant
ing will show a gain of 20 per cent over
last year, and areas in corn will also be
increased. Sugar* planting and lines con
nected therewtih are depressed, and
the outlook in that line is not at all
exhilarating. In the southeast cotton
planting is active, and an area equal
to last year is assured. Strawberry and
truck shipments have begun from the
south. Frost did some damage during
the week in west Tennesseee.
be possible to put out ten acres ear]
than twenty have formerly been pla
ed. This great a reduction should
Cur on many farms.
A reduction of acreage will call
better methods in every way that
yield may not be reduced materia!
One way of helping to keep up the yij
on less acreage is by a better use
commercial fertilizer. Some will n
to use more, some a different kind j
some less fertilizer. It will take stl
to find out each soil and in each s
tion what Is the best fertilizer un
boll weevil conditions. Heavy fertili
tion with a material high in nitroj
makes the cotton later and thus s
jects ti to greater damago from
weevil. One high in phosphoric a
hastens maturity and thus reduces
jury. Potash should be used wh
needed, as it will not materially afl
the season of ripening. It is in
proper combining of a fertilizer v
taining nitrogen and phosphoric a
and potash if needed, that the fari
has another weapon against the wc«
The smaller acreage will make it i
sible to spend more on fertilizatior
this proves to be advisable.
Cultivation has an important pari
raising cotton in spite of the we<
The plowing in preparing the 1
should be deep, as this hastens dr
ing off of the surplus water in the spi
and warms the soil, but the cultiva
of the crop should be shallow and
quent. Deep cultivation tears off r
and causes the bolls and squares to
while shallow cultivation holds mois
by keeping down weeds and makini
dust mulch. This should be kept
through the growing season. To n
late cultivation easier and to let 1
to the ground and around the pla
the rows should be much wider t
usual and plants wider apart in
rows.
If the bolls and squares that fal
the ground because of the infestv
of the wevil can be raked out in
center of the space between rows, n
of the Insects will be killed by the
in the direct sunlight. A chain d«
can be so hitched that it will <
most of the squares to the center ol
middle. Other devices can easilj
made to rake the wevils out in
sun. At the same time this tool
help to keep the dust mulch. A1
this takes moire time than is ordim
given in c.ultiva.tion. Again, the
acreage will make possible another
of attack against the great cotton
•Just as soon as the bools oper
cotton should be picked, and as qu
as practical all that will matui
gathered; the stalk cuter should b<
over the field and the land pi
deply. This is a very important
tice. The only food 'ot the weei
the cotton plant, so as quickly <u
cotton has matured as many bolls
is going to, plants and weevils si
be plowed under to destroy their
and most of the insects. The sir
acreage makes possible the harve
of the cotton and the plowing ol
stalks under early.
Such things as planting early m
ing varieties that have thick pods
that do not have thick foliage, des
ing wintering places of the w
handpicking early In the summer,
poisoning, all help and are most lr
tant in the control of the ini
However, the thing emphasized he
rotation of crops and the growin
a variety of things by every c
farmer. This will increase the
of cotton per acre, It will put
farming on a much sounder basis
make possible the adopting of
methods.
The little tots are always
fond of pastry, but if made from lard
it’s bound to be greasy and indigestible,
and isn’t good for their little stomachs; if made from |
butter, it’s too expensive—at present butter prices.
Cottolene
is far better than lard because it is a vegetable product, never makes I
food greasy, never causes indigestion. It is the equal of butter at about]
one-third the price. So why be extravagant?
Feed the “kiddies” their
fill of pastry—if made from
Cottolene it won’t harm
them.
Cottolene is both econom
ical and healthful.
Made only by THE N. K.
TRY THIS RECIPEt
Doughnuts
t cup «u
igar
ilk
3 tablespoons Cottolene
3 egg yolks X white V4 cop Mil
W2 cups flour 1 cup freshly mashed potatoes
*4 teaspoon salt 3 teaspoons baking powder
1/2 teasp’n gr’d mace Vi teasp’n gr’d nutmeg
Cream the Cottolene, add sugar, then th« eggs,
stir in potato and milk,add flour gradually;use
more if necessary Rollandcutall doughnuts
needed before frying . Fry in deep Cottolene.
fairbank company
IHC Wagons Are Tough
D ID you ever notice, when
one of the wheels of your
loaded wagon dropped into
a rut or bumped over a stone, how the
seat springs gave and rebounded, almost
throwing you off? That is an indication
of the shock and strain that the rigid
spokes and axles have to stand when
ever the wagon is traveling over a rough
road or through a field. Even on a
smooth road there is always the crush
ing strain of the load, affecting every
part from the top box to the lowest
point of tb@ tire. IHC wagons
Weber New Bettendorf
Columbus Steel King
take these stresses and strains as a matter of course.
They are made to stand just that sort of work. From
neckyoke to tail board they are built of selected, air-
dried lumber, strong and tough, bending to strains but
coming back as straight and true as ever when
the load is removed. Besides being tough,
IHC wagons are light running. The wheels
have just the right pitch and gather, and run
true. All skeins and skein boxes are paired.
The running gear is assembled by skilled work
men whose wages depend as much on the quali
ty as on the quantity of the work they turn
out. Machine work, being more uniform and a |
great deal faster, takes the place of hand work wher
ever possible. Consequently, IHC wagons are prac
tically all of the same high standard of quality I
throughout.
You cannot do better than to equip your farm with
IHC wagons. Weber‘and Columbus wagons have
wood gears; New Bettendorf and Steel King nave steel I
gears. The IHC local dealer sells the wagon best I
suited to your work and your conditions. See the
wagon at his place of business and get catalogues and [
literature from him, or, address your request to
International Harvester Company of America
(Incorporated)
CHICAGO USA