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4 THE ATLANTA SEM-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, APRIL 25, 1913.- THE SEMI-WEEEY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMES R. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months "5c Six months 40c Three months 25c The Semi-Weekly Journal is published on Tuesday §ind Friday, and is .mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with strong departments of special value to the home and the farm. Agents warted at every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write H- R- BRAD LEY, Circulation Manager. The only traveling. representatives we have are J. A. Bryan, R. F. Bolton. C. C. Coyle, L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre- 4 sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. ' The label used for addressing your paper *hows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to b&gin with back numbers. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. A Cheering Outlook For Georgia Crops. The April reports of farm demonstration agents to the' Georgia State College of Agriculture betoken a plenteous and progressive year. While in some counties crops are slightly belated because of spring rains, conditions at large are more promising than they were this time a twelvemonth ago. Of particu lar interest are the bright outlook for grain, the development of the livestock industry and the preva lence with which up-to-date and businesslike meth ods of farm management are being applied. These reports, it should he noted, are not the random opinions of persons who are given to talking good times; they,are based upon the firsthand obser vation of men who are in daily touch with the farm ers of their respective districts and whose business is to gather facts. In undertaking to keep the public informed on crop conditions, the State Col lege of Agriculture has entered a timely and useful field of enterprise; for, in a State like Georgia, where all material interests depend so largely on the soil, the merchant and manufacturer and hanker and, indeed, every citizen whatever his particular pursuit may be, are concerned scarcely less than the farmer himself in the agricultural outlook. The diversification and rotation of crops seem to, appeal more strongly than ever to the majority of Georgia planters. The monopoly of cotton is steadily giving way to a more liberal and varied use of the soil’s resources. The folly of buying in distant mar kets, at high prices, necessaries which can be easily and cheaply produced at home is being more and more widely realized. From one county after another come reports that oats, corn, wheat, peas, beans, potatoes and other food commodities are being cultivated with unusual interest and success. The agent at Americus writes, for instance: “Oats are fine, many farmers intend to follow with peas for hay. Farmers are also plant ing velvet beans and peanuts between rows of corn, for hogs and cattle.” From Camilla, comes a simi lar report to this effect: "A big yield of oats is promised. Several acres are being planted with vel vet beans and there is greater interest in rotation; more feed, more pastures and better stock; the farmers are buying cultivators.” So the record runs through the greater part of the entire Staff. Improved methods of cultivation are naturally leading to the purchase of up-to-date farm machinery. The agent at Blakely writes that in his county the stock of harrows , has been sold out and the dealers are telegraphing for more. The alarm over the boll weevil menace in south west Georgia has not ‘only stimulated the farmers to measures of protection against that pest, hut has also aroused them to the value of foresighted and scien tific methods in all their activities. By coping with this particular enemy, they have learned that system and preparation will'save them losses and disappoint ments in divers other fields; and, so, the gospel of scientific as contrasted with haphazard agriculture is steadily advancing. To the reports of the farm demonstration agents, may be added the increase in truck gardening, ob served by everyone who watches Georgia’s develop ment. It is a fact, of far-reaching significance that this State is turning more and more definitely to the production of foodstuffs, that it is utilizing more and more widely its varied resources; and this is a con dition which makes for the progress and prosperity of all interests and all the people. President Wilson continues to make no undue noise, but he still manages to show that he is in command of the situation. .Tragedies and Triumphs of the Air. The week just gone by wgs remarkable both for Its triumphs and tragedies in aviation. In France, five persons, four of whom were army officers, were killed by the mid-air explosion of a dirigible and near the scene of the Balkan war two bold commanders of aerial fleets lost their lives by falling from an aeroplane. These fatalities, however, were counterbalanced by extraordinary achievements in long-distance flights. The New York Sun tersely recounts them as follows: “With a passenger Gustav Hamel flew in an aero plane from Dover to Cologne, without a stop, two hundred and forty-five miles in the fast time of two hundred and fifty-eight minutes, on April the seven teenth, passing through five rainstorms. Also on the same day, four aeroplanes, piloted by French army officers, reached Biskra after flying five hundred miles over the Sahara desert; and at Rio de Janerio President Da Fonseca and the minister of marine, Admiral Franco, made flights of twenty minutes with one MacCullough, an American aviator.” The Sun Aptly comments that for every man killed, hundreds, perhaps, thousands, course through ■ the air “uninjured and exhilarated.” A Competitive Tariff And Industrial Efficiency. “Believing, as I do, in a real, though moderate and balanced reduction of the tariff, I believe in it chiefly because it means the birth of a new moral and mental life to our industries. The tariff lias tended to destroy our belief in our own poicers, to diminish our industrial self- respect. 8o,. I look, when the necessary re adjustments are over, for the blood of a new life to be poured into the veins of American indus try." In this trenchant manner, Secretary of Commerce Redfield presents one of the most important, though least discussed aspects of the tariff situation. A great deal has been said, and truly, concerning the injustice of high tariff duties to the consumers and it is the rank and file of the people who are expected to profit most from a thoroughgoing downward re vision. That, however, is not the only benefit which a "competitive” tariff—to use the term happily applied to the pending Underwood bill—will afford. In the long run, the country's industrial interests them selves will he among the highest beneficiaries. The manufacturing concern whose profits are guarded and even guaranteed by a system of govern ment protection will inevitably lack the vigor and alertness of one that relies upon its own worth and . energy. There is little differefice, after all between the industry that looks to the government for artifi cial protection and aid and the professional mendi cant who looks to charity rather than to his own labor for support. That sort of charity is as de- moraliizng to an industry as to an individual. A tariff system such as the discarded Republican regime has fostered protects not only unearned profits, but also inefficiency and stagnation. It pro tects, against rightful competition the concern that clings to antiquated methods and outworn machinery, it dulls the ambition and the wits of manufacturing enterprise and, as Secretary of Commerce Redfield declares, “tends to destroy our belief in our own powers, to diminsh our industrial self-respect.” There is a vast difference between protecting an infant industry, in order that it may get firmly upon its feet and cope with its peers, and protect ing a giant that has become sluggardized through over-feeding and prolonged privileges. The latter is not protection, but patronage, patronage bestowed at the cost of the country as a whole and to the detriment of the true interest of industrial life. The framers of the Democratic tariff hill now before Congress strike the keynote of the entire dis cussion when they declare, “To protect profits, means necessarily to protect inefficiency.” When these pampered industries are brought into fair competi tion with the skill and hardihood of rival enter prises throughout the world, they will either catch the pace of progress or drop out of line, to be suc ceed by others that are willing and able to be mod-' ern and efficient. The net result will be worth as much to the country’s industrial progress as to the millions of consumers who now pay exorbitant prices for mediocre products. How Consumers and Producers Are Helping One Another. * Much interest has been aroused by an organiza tion of Texas farmers who plan to ship vegetables di rectly to consumers in Chicago. Crates or baskets will be filled with cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, on ions, radishes, lettuce, spinach and turnips sufficient to supply a family of five persons for a week. Bach basket will sell for a dollar and twenty cents, which is said to be two or three dollars less than the same quantity of vegetables could be bought for under the present marketing methods. This experiment was prompted, says the San Antonio Express, by a group of Chicago workingmen who believe that through such a co-operative system they can provide their families with fresh vegetables "at the minimum prices consistent with economic production, shipping and distribution.” It is commonly recognized today that if direct relationships can be established between the producer and thfe consumer, a vast deal will have been done to reduce the cost of living. As conditions now are, the farmer receives less than a fair value on his products while the consumer pays more. The high price of foodstuffs in general and of garden truck in partic ular is due largely to intermediary expenses. A por tion of this expense is natural and necessary, hut much of it could, he avoided, if there were shorter and simpler routes between field and pantry. These Texas farmers and Chicago consumers have hit upon what seems to be an admirable device. Each group has organzed and has got into direct commun ication with the other, the one being assured os a steady demand and the other of a steady supply. It has been frequently suggested since the inauguration of the parcel post that consumers’ leagues he organized in the cities in order that the new service might render its full measure of economic benefit. It is upon this principle that the Chicago workingmen have proceeded; and if their experiment proves a success, as it probably will, similar organ izations will doubtless be effected throughout the country. Farmers as well as consumers in the city are awakening to the value of co-operative business meth ods. They realize that products must he marketed systematically, if they are to yield a due return and that far more can be accomplished through a com munity of interest than through individual effort. Thus we find farmers in several Georgia counties or ganizing truck growing' associations by means of which they are enabled not only to produce table commodities more cheaply but also to market them to better advantage. This is simply an application of business methods to agriculture, simply placing the affairs of the farm on the same basis as the affairs of the successful fac tory or bank. The result will eventually be a close and constant relationship between the producer and the consumer, with rich benefits to them both. Radical and Foolish. The proposition of the ship subsidy claimants to abrogate the treaty through which the United States secured its right to build the Panama canal is as foolish as it is radical. Internationol contracts are not thus lightly to be cast aside. In the Hay-Pauneefote and the Clayton-Bulwer treaties, England is as much con cerned as is the United States. Her rights and interests are due as much respect as those of our own nation. The United States could not repudi ate (the obligations which it thus assumed without proclaiming itself to the world as untrue to its word and its honor. The interests that want to abrogate the Hay- Pauncefote treaty know that treaty makes the toll exemption clause of the Panama canal act illegal; and. so, in their zeal to serve a shipping trust they urge a violation of national faith. The Municipal Pawnshop BY DR. FRANK CRANE. * Copyright, 1913, hy Frank Crane.) There are certain kinds of business so public in their nature that the government is compelled to take them over. Such are the postoffice, the collection of taxes, and the education of children, all of which were once managed by private parties. Little by little the conviction is forcing itself upon the general mind that when any business reaches a certain point in natural monopoly the state should attend to it. The United States has had a hundred years of ex treme competition and individualism; our people are yet rather suspicious* of the state's doing anything which might be done by a person. Gradually, however, we are growing nearer the point where the idea of state operation of street car lines, railways, and other common carriers seems not so revolutionary, where the cry of city ownership of waterworks, gas plants, electric power w r orks is not so loudly called socialism. The postmaster general has recently advocated government ownership of telegraph lines. In other words, we are slowly ‘'realizing” democ racy, and growing into the understanding that de mocracy is imperfect without a thorough organization of the people to attend to their own affairs, as a peo ple; in other words, we are learning the depth and width of the meaning of “a government by the people.” One thing we ought to be ready to do right now, and that is to have in every large city a municipal pawnshop. There are always a certain number of persons who have fallen in the scramble for success, and are reduced to the necessity of pledging their watch or their dress suit, their books or their piano, to get money for bread and butter. These people are too honest to steal and too self- respecting to beg. They ought to have things made as easy for them as possible. It is no more shameful to raise money on your furniture than it is to raise money on railwa bonds. As the custom now runs, those who are forced to pawnshops are made the prey of as conscienceless a set of sharks, in many instances, as ever picked the bones of the poor. Over and over again the public press has rehearsed the story of their spoliation; how’ the unwary victims are made to pay the most exorbit ant rates of interest, only at last too often to lose their principal. The remedy is plain and simple. Let the city lend to its own poor. Establish a municipal pawnshop, with branches throughout The city, to lend money to those who need it at a reasonable profit upon the pledging c"/their personal effects. Is not this one little bit of decent helpfulness any city might undertake without fear of graft or pater nalism or any such accusation? By our hit-and-miss “charity,” by our various benevolent organizations and mission workers, we try to hedp the neei'y. Often by these means it is the most unworthy that are found. Those whom a little timely aid would redeem and set again upon their feet are hard to discover. Why cannot the city, the great, common organi zation of all the people, undertake to stand, at least to the extent of a secured loan, between the unfor tunate and the claws of ruin? The business of lending to the poor is too vital, too near to heartbreak and suicide, to be intrusted *to any private concern. It is too serious a :natter for any hands except those of the city itself. The Warriors of the Black Mountain. Whether the capture of Scutari by the doughty Montenegrins will- simplify of further'.entangle the Balkan situation remains to be seen- The fact of immediate and compelling interest is that a moun tain locked gnome of aiiatiofa has defied an array of giant Powers and, relying solely upon its, own mettle, has won the shining prize of its seven- months’ siege. The one object of Montenegro in entering the campaign of the Allies against Turkey has been to get Scutari in order that thence it might secure an advantageous outlet to the Adriatic and thus strengthen its commercial and political life. Scutari, the principal city of Albania, has been under Turk ish rule more thaa four huni.red years. Tradition marks it as the capital of ancient Illyria, the roman tic region on whose shpres Shakespeare’s “Viola” was cast. "What country, friends, is this? This is Illyria, Lady." The Montenegrins began their campaign for Scutari last October and they have continued it un swervingly and, for the most part, unaidec.- During the latter stages of the siege they were reinforced by detachments of Servian troops, but since the Pow ers issued their warning, Servia Las remained prac tically passive. The final and successful sortie which ended in the city’s capitulation was almost en tirely the work of Montenegrin soldiers. No chapter of the Balkan war, a war filled with stirring episodes, is more memorable than that which this little kingdom of the Black Mountain has writ ten in i its heart’s best blood. With a population scarcely exceeding three hundred thousand arid with revenues proportionately scant, it has pressed for ward in an adventure which was as hazardous as costly and on which the the great nation’s of Europe continually frowned. All the winter long, it kept hammering at the Turkish outposts, despite the threats of Austria. Its efforts which at first appear ed futile became more and more effective until in the early spring, the Powers realized that only thc.r intervention could save Scutari from surrender. It was - then that the true pluck and hardihood of Montenegro was evidenced. Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, England, France and Russia had agreed that Albania, in which Scutari is situated, should be made an autonomous State and should not be subject to division among the Balkan Allies. Austria seems to have been chiefly responsible for this plan and her motive, it is suspected, was far from unselmsh. Indeed, it is said that she herself had ambitions to possess the Albanian territory and that she looked forward to .. time when, on a pretext of quieting the disorder which would probably arise in the new State, she would first take it under her protection and even tually annex it. However that may be, the Powers united in a program to prevent Albanian territory from falling into tne hands of Montenegro. But their admonitions and demands have had no effect upon the little nation. At the very hour when the commander of the international fleet that had been sent to overawe Montenegro was delivering the Powers’ ultimatum, Montenegrin troops were making their final desperate assault on the beleagured city. And now’ that they are in actual possession of Scu tari, what are the Powers to do? It is scarcely con ceivable that they w’ill allow Austria to send an ex- Pedition to recapture the city or to invade Montene gro; for, that might lead to complications far more serious than those which the nations have conspired to avert. Nor is it likely that all the Powers will unite in a plan of coercing Montenegro into giving up the prize she has so valiantly won. The situation is the hardest riddle of the entire Balkan affair, un less the direct and simple solution of .letting Monte negro keep its trophy is adopted. ;r^OME topkS Cowocrtst Bf iTKS. Vi HJTELTO/l MR. J. FIERFONT MORGAN’S WILL. I listened to an excellent sermon at church on Sun day morning, but good as it was, there was a better one printed in all sections of the United States, and yet the printed one covered only a few lines in our daily papers. I allude to the published will of the deceased banker, J. P. Morgan, and the first clause therein. Before he entered upon the legal disposition of his many millions, he gave a touching manifestation of his humble de pendence on- the Great Father in Heaven. I asked myself, “Can this be the man against whom thousands upon thousands have declaimed in pulpit .and in print and who has been used as a text to show the tyranny of Mammon, and its corrupting effect on legislators and its devastating effect on the happiness of the people of this country? Are these the ‘robber baron’s own words? Is there not some mistake? Can it be possible that he has been maliciously maligned, to point a moral or adorn a tale?” One of the mos tcomforting statements that I find in the Holy. Scrip-ures is that of Our Savior, when He said, “He that loveth me, loveth My Father,” and, again, “Whosoever will confess me before men, the same will My Fath r confess in Heaven.” This very rich man hastened his own demise by at tending chapel exercises on Easter Sunday in a for eign country. His health was extremely precarious, as his doctors warned him, but his aged heart longed for the house of worship, and he ’ raved disease to go and the end came soon. He was glad to go into the house of the Lord and confess Christ before he met Death, his last enemy. His will has been printed far and wide ar.d the rushing tide of humanity has paused to read! And it will stand as the greatest monument to Mr. Morgan's memory, no matter hew lofty those monu ments may be, in marble or brass, erected by grateful survivors to evidence their respect for his worthy character. His careful preparation for the comfort of his “be loved wife” touched my heart. Coming first after his testimony or Christ, he showed himself a faithful hus band as well as Christian gentleman in honoring her with the choicest of his possessions and relieving her of any of the usual burdens and havassmeats of grea- wealth. in the enjoyment of his bequest. There was goodness a£ well as greatness in the terms of Mr. Morgan's will. No man can be truly great who is not also really good, and when the flash light of public curiosity /as turned on the greatest master of finance in America, the public was given an insight into his plans and purposes. The people of this country now say, “Well done, thju good and faith ful servant.” Some of us feel humiliated that we were misled by the ciaquers of s-jticnul and political animosity into a feeling of distrust and suspicion against Mr. Morgan. We were not just to him in har.boring suspicion and. hatred, because he has been held up as a very anti- Christian in his so-called oppression and trampling down of the poo:- and we were unwise enough to echo this dislike and nourish this bad opinion of him, and simply because he could make money and argood many of us lacked that enterprising gift or faculty for money accumulation. He has been generous n many ways and when he averted a great financial panic years ago a good many people cried out, “Crucify him!” Eternity alone can tell the motives and purposes of those who are Entrusted with, great wealth-, but banker Morgan in preparing for death, certainly did honor the Almighty Master, who had entrusted him with the use of his man$' millions! *It was emphatically a fine exhibition of manly and robust Christianity. * THE LUXURY OF DOING GOOD. “Blest be -the, spot, where cheerful guests retire, To pause from toil, and trim their evening fire; Blest that abode, where want and pain repair, And every stranger finds a ready chair; Blest be those feasts with simple plenty crown’d, Where all the ruddy family around, Laugh at the jest of pranks that never fail, Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale, Or press the bashful stranger to his food. And learn the luxury of doing good.” —Goldsmith. There are many people who sigh for the old times, because they are almost run over by the rushing herd that has grown rabid for display, money and luxury; but the fault lies in the almost total abstaining from the old-time manners and hospitality which were cul tivated by the forefathers. The “luxury of doing good” is as much within our every day reach as it was in Goldsmith’s time; but there will perhaps never, come again the fireside freedom and frankness that ob tained a half century or more ago. There was slow travel, for one thing, and visitors felt compelled to stay awhile, after a slow and toilsome journey. The host and hostess expected them to be inmates of the household, free to its privileges and welcome to its food and shelter; and even the stranger in his “ready chair,” could linger if he so inclined. The “simple plenty” prevented the entertainment from becoming oppressively burdensome to the h-omefolks and the everyday affairs went on in outdoor work without in terruption or hindrance. Those were great times to cultivate friendships and talk over former happenings. If the weather was warm the children played out- of-doors, while the womenfolks chatted and sewed, or knitted on “he piazzas during the daytime. When’ the daylight wan’d all the chaps had their faces, feet and hands bathed and were dismissed to their friendly pallets. The eldets lounged around in the moonshine or made themselves easy on chairs or benches, or maybe the floor and doorsteps until early bed time. There was no stiffness* no dressing up, unless to go to town or to church, or to a neighborly dinner. The guests were cheerful and were linked to their friends as by steel clasps, and for the time being, it was one family, larger than usual, but all of one mind as to kind words and tender thoughts of each other. It created friendships that were handed down to children’s children, and cemented church relations as well as fireside friendships. To those who enjoyed these good old times, there is sadnesS; they cannot come again, there is, however, still the luxury of doing good! ELABORATE SHOE MAXING. I chanced into a shoemaker’s store in our town a few days ago and saw him put iron pegs into some repaired shoes, and also saw him sew on new soles, every lick done by elaborate machinery. Very different it was from the long-ago time when the laborious shoemaker, with awl and waxed thread, conducted the same processes. I once read of a shoe-making contest in Lynn, Mass., where ladies shoes were being manufactured, shortly after the machines r/ere being introduced generally. It required fifty-seven different operations and the use of forty-two machines—and one hundred pieces to set up the pair. But all these parts were assembled and the pair of shoes completed in thirteen minutes. A new somebody took hold when each little thing had been done,-and the work flew down the line *until the pair was complete. I can recall the wearing of a pair of red morocco shoes in my childhood; it is rather a dim recollection, but I remember well the face of the shoemaker who made my first pair of common leather shoes, and they were so well made that it was easy to outgrow them they lasted so long. I was required to stand on a clean, smooth, white pine board, while the good man “took my measure.” I. can yet see in memory my lately washed little foot as I planked it down and waited for him to put a mark against my heel and then again in front of my chubby toes; and there was no such thing as numbers to his inanufactured articles from shoe leather. [ j But children in “ye olden time,” went barefoot in the summer, and had to doctor their stumped tees in the late fall before they could year the shoes that the family ; heemaker set up for them. Of the stumped THE MODERN WOMAN U.-WOMEN IN SCIENCE. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The time within which it has been easy for women to secure advanced scientific education is compara tively short, but the work they have accomplished already has been of practical value to the world. As yet few have attempted solitary re search, but their efforts have given assistance to men who have had long experience, and, therefore, a greater amount of self-confidence. Madame Marie Curie, the celebrated discoverer Of radium, possessed the ability o lead the world in scientific •esearch, although this ability loubtless would have remained lorman.t had not her sympa- .liies with her husband led her :o devote her own energies to vork for which, it developed, she was even better qualified than he*. Madame Curie has been refused admittance to the French Academy of “Immor tals” because of her sex, but her scientific ability was so well recognized that the University of Paris is glad to give .its students the advantage of wisdom, so she holds the chair of professor ef physics and has received every honor the scientists of the world can bestow upon her. As a young Polish girl, Madame Curie’s educational opportunities were limited, but her discovery has paved the way for the later woman scientist to achieve a more liberal recongition. * * * Before the days of Madame Curie, an American woman had won greater honor in astronomical science than any other woman in the world. Maria Mitchell, the first professor of astronomy in Vassal* college, had little but an undaunted will to help her in making her studies of the skies. Miss Mitchell discovered a new comet and by so doing won the gold medal offered by the king of Denmark for the discovery of a new tele scopic comet. This disovery was made while she was eking out her living by acting as librarian in the Pawtucket library at the salary of one hundred dollars a year. But the position gave her time and opportunity to study, and thus made possible her greater work. Miss Mitchell visited Europe and received the homage of all the distinguished scientists of the day. Since her death many women astronomers have exhibited un usual skill in computation and are filling positions in scientific institutions, but as yet no one has won from her the credit for original discovery. * * * The standards in astronomy founded in Vassar col lege by Professor Mitchell still give that institution the lead as regards that particular science among the other colleges for women, and continual research work is going on in connection with that observatory. An interesting work which lately has been carried on in the astronomical department of Vassar college is a “Catalogue of the Stars Within Two Degrees of the North Pole Deduced by Photographic Measures,” which has been prepared by Prof. Caroline E. Furness, the head of the department, and published last year through 'the Carnegie institution of Washington. A number of expert women mathematicians are employed in the comp tation departments of the leading ob servatories. The great solar observatory of the Car negie institution, located on Mount Wilson, • California, employs seven women upon its investigatory staff, be sides others in less important positions. * * * In botanical science, women have been doing im portant work for years. A .ine of work of much prac tical value lately has been devolped by Miss Edith Mosher, formerly a teacher in the Grand Rapids public schools. Miss Masher felt that there was need for a; broader general knowledge of the ordinary trees with their habits, growth and general appearance and there Was a lack of adequite literature. A course of tree study was planned in the Grand Rapids schools and Miss Mosher undertook the necessary studies to pre pare for it. She had the hearty co-operation c’ Gifford Pinchot, and other leaders in forestry, and special permission was given her to attend the Yale university summer school in forestry, although this is not a co educational school. As a result of her specialization in tree botany, Miss. Mosher has been able to produce a number of books more practical in their* scope than any which had previously been available. They in clude “Fruit and Nut-Bearing Trees,” “Our Oaks and Maples,” “Our Cone-Bearing Trees,” “Studies in Ever* greens,” and others. * • • • The subject of tropical botany Is receiving the at tention of a large number of women. Some of them are interested from an amateur’s standpoint, although their superficial interest sometimes has brought about real scientific research. Mrs. D. D. Gaillaird. wife of one of the officers of tile Panama canal commission, developed an absorbing interest in orchids and other tropical vegetation to enliven the tedium of her stay upon the isthmus. She sent many specimens to the Smithsonian institution for analysis and examination. As a result of the interest thus -created the institu tion last year sent down a party of botanists to study the resources of the canal zone and adjoining territory. | The research accomplished by this party which owed its origin to the amateur efforts of a woman, have add ed greatly to the knowledge of tropical botany which, until recently, has been a much neglected branch of the science. • * • The department of bontanieal research of the Car. negie institution is at present confining its efforts chiefly to the study of the plants of the desert. Its laboratories a,re located principally in Arizona. Two women are conducting research under this department. Mrs. Forrest Shreve and Mrs. Effie S. Spalding. Mrs. Shreve has been especially interested in the different varieties of the cactus, and also in the compilation of vital statistics of the plants of the deserts aftd con ditions which affect their length of life. Mrs. Spalding it interested in their biological formation. * * A number of women scientists, particularly botan ists, are connected with the department of agriculture under the bureau of plant industry. Mrs. Flora Pat terson, who now is in charge of the mushroom division, formerly was an assistant at the Gray Herbarium con nected with Harvard university. She is a recognized authority upon all kinds of fungi growth throughout the world,- having been a prolific writer for scientific journals upon the subject. * * * Among the women pioneers in botanical work must be numbered Mrs. Elvira Lincoln Phelps, who shared with Dr. Maria f MitchelI the honor of being one of the two women members admitted to the American Society for the Advancement of Science. At a time when but little was known regarding biological formations as compared with the present, she was an earnest student. She possessed the unusual talent of being able to place her discoveries and those of others in a form to be readily assimilated by students. Her books upon botany, chemistry, and other natural sciences are still in active circulation and i. generation ago were regarded as among the most practical for use In sec ondary schools. toes, I have a vivid recollection, because the old wounds wouldn't stay healed as the new breaks were so frequent. Sometimes the shoemaker made a misfit and the cold weather pinched. It then happened that heels were soaped and the foot had to go in—willy-nilly. A great many children scuffled along without shoes until Christmas time, especially if the visiting shoe maker was late in coming or slow at his work. Speaking of aforetime contributions to the preacher —one member offered to give him leather for the up pers, while another gave him the leather for the soles and the preacher a -d congregation made no protest, as all were satisfied. One of those old-fashioned, home-made shoes would be as great a curiosity today as the ruffled shirts that men wore with them on all state occasions.