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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. ATLANTA, GA. f TUESDAY, JUNE 3, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
^Education
- - ■ ““ SUCCESSFUL FAtLMINEr
=amd Successful Faemin^-
: Jf* A Nt>nEW a)0ULC
this department will cheerfully enaeav>i io ‘jumtsn any Information,
l.etters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M.' Soule, president Stat*
Agricultural College. Athens. Oa.
THE HAY CROP-
A N adequate supply of roughness
is essential on every farm. Are
you, Mr. Farmer, making any ef-
port to provide the same? If not. you
are making a great mistake and one
that will prove extremely costly. No
farnrer can be prosperous so long as
he depends on some one else to grow
his hay fbr him, and especially is this
true when he buys a type of hay which
is not as nutritious or as easily diges
tible as crops he may grow on his own
farm land which will otherwise quite
likely remain idle. Horses and mules
have the most sensitive digestion of
any class of live stock with which the
farmer has to deal. Their respiratory
organs are impaired very frequently
when fed on dusty or improperly cured
hay. Owing to the rather limited di
gestive capacity of the* horse and mule,
it is essential that the roughness fed
be relatively high in digestible constit
uents. Such being the case, it would ap
pear that certain forms of roughness
are much more desirable than others.
The standard form of roughness so
extensively used in the nutrition of
horses and mules is timothy hay. This
does not class, however, as a high-
grade food stuff according to its analy
sis and coefficient of digestibility. The
farmer who grows corn and takes the
pains to properly cure and shred his
stover has a very good substitute for
timothy hay. Throughout the south
other crops may be used to even better
advantage as a source of roughness for
horses than corn stalks. Take, for in
stance, Sorghum. This crop will not
only grow on a variety of soils and un
der conditions to which corn is not so
well adapted, but it can be cured quite
successfully and withut serious diffi
culty and makes a clean, bright, whole
some and nutritious hay.
Tne legumes can be grown to good
advantage for hay. Among those of es
pecial importance are the cowpea and
the soy bean. These may be grown
either by themselves or in combination
with millet. Of course, there is some
difficulty in getting them to mature to
gether, and the millet on that account
should be sown later than the peas and
beans. This is quite practicable if the
legumes mentioned are seeded in drills
say three feet apart, and then a row
or two of millet sown later on. It is
quite important in utilizing millet for
hay that it be cut early, in other words,
when the seed is just in the dough
stages. When allowed to become hard
and dry they exercise at times an over-
stimulating enect on tne kidneys which
is very undesirable.
Now is the time to get ready for the
hay crop, and every farmer who is
tore-handed will profit by the opportuni
ty nature has afforded him. It takes a
comparatively small area to provide a
sufficient amount of hay for work stock.
On a farm where ten mules are main
tained, fifteen pounds per head per day
is all that will be needed to supply them
with an abundance of desirable rough
ness. In ether words, about twenty-
eight tons of hay would easily maintain
them for a year, even when they are
required to do unusually hard work. It
should be easy to grow two tons of
hay on an acre of land, especially where
the crops mentioned above are employed.
This would call, therefore, for seeding
and harvesting the crop produced on
about fourteen acres of average land.
Certainly this is not a very great uncfcer-
taking. Work of this kind can be done
at seasons when corn and cotton re
quire little attention. The work stock
have to be maintained to care for these
crops, hence why not profitably employ
them in the production of the hay re
quired to feed them? As a matter of
fact, desirable western hay can seldom
be bought for less than $20 a ton. This
would represent an outlay of $560. If
this money were ’kept at home, it might
represent in itself a nice profit to the
farmer, paying as much as 6 or 7 per
cent dividend on his investment.
In selecting land to grow hay it is
desirable to get a relatively smooth area
so it may be cut over with the mower
satisfactorily. Where such crops as
corn and sorghum are to be u^ed as a
source of roughness they may be cut
with a corn harvester, bound in sheaves
and cured in shocks. Later the stalks
may be run through a cutting box,
moistened -with water to which a little
salt’ has been added, and left in a pile
*to soften overnight. This makes an ex
cellent feed and also obviates the in
jury which might result from feeding
these crops in a dry condition on ac
count of the dust. Where corn stalks
are cut for hay, it is well to do the
work relatively early in the season. In
other words, cut when the lower leaves
begin to fire so as to save as many of
them as possible. Sorghum, on the other
hand, should be allowed to practically
mature'. These two forms of roughness
may be fed to good advantage with hay
made from pea vines, soy beans or a
combination of these two crops with
millet. It will be better to have some
corn stalks or sorghum to feed along
with leguminous hays, because the lat
ter are rather onuentrated and some
times may produce indigestion because
of surfeiting the system with protein.
Several forms of hay offer the farmer
an advantage in more directions than
one. First, it gives variety and adds
palatabllity to the ration. Second, one
crop may be injured by drought while
another will do well. Third, a supply
of roughage from different sources will
enable him to supplement the deficiencies
in one form of roughness with another.
On the average farm where fifteen to
twenty acres are devoted to hay crops,
it is desirable to have some permanent
pasture, and for this purpose, timothy,
rep top, tall oat grass and Bermuda
should be chiefly relied upon. Some of
the others may be mixed with these crops
whenever they can be grown to advant
age. For spring feeding the farmer
should sow oats and vetch. This combi
nation makes an excellent hay and yields
well. The land may also be employed to
advantage in the production of millet and
cowpea hay the same season. Where
cowpeas and soy beans are used for hay,
the crop should not be cut until the pods
begin to ripen at the lower end. Soy
beans should be cut earlier, relatively
speaking, than cowpeas because of the
tendency of the pods to open and shatter
out the grain. This crop can very often
be handled to the very best advantage
with the corn harvester, especially if the
larger varieties are grown. However, the
larger varieties are not quite so satisfac
tory for hay as the smaller varieties.
Where the pea can be cured successfully,
it affords one of the best of all the le-.
gumes to employ fqr hay ipaking pur
poses in the south.
On every farm some provision should
be made for curing hay, and tq this end
hay caps should be used. It frequently
happens, for instance, that at the time of
hay harvest, there is a superabundance
of rain. If hay caps are available this
does not make much difference, for if the
green mass of vines be thrown up on
stakes which will allow* air to circulate
freely through them and the top is prop
erly protected from rain with a hay cap
the curing though it may take an un
usually long time can be accomplished
quite successfully. Hay caps are not ex
pensive and they can be used for a long
time if properly cared for. They are
best made of a heavy type canvas similar
to that used in the manufacture of tents.
They should be hemmed to prevent fray-
ipg and there should be large eyelets in
each corner. Strings should be attached
to these eyelets and to large sticks which
are stuck in the vines, thus preventing
the caps from blowing off in a gust of
wind. The investment on caps will prob
ably not exceed the cost of purchasing
one ton of mixed hay, and the farmer
who says he can not afford to take the
trouble involved has not properly calcu
lated the advantages to,be derived from
making and curing his own hay.
Southern farmers have paid tribute t j
the north and west in the matter of pur
chasing hay entirely too long, and it is
sincerely to be hoped that the greatest
effort in the history of the south will be
made this year to produce an abundance
of roughness for all classes of live stock.
The saving of the large amount of money
sent out for the purchase of hay would in
a few years make the southern farmer
wealthy and independent. Just so long
as he continues to buy this necessary and
essential food from other sections of the
country through the production of cotton
alone, he can not hope to become perma
nently prosperous and successful
* * *
SUCKERING CORN
H. E. W., Dacula, Ga., writes: I wish
to know whether to pull the suckers off
of my corn or not. The land was broken
in the fall and bedded this spring with
four tons of manure put in the drill. I
put 200 pounds of 10-2-5 fortifier on when
I planted, and am going to put 400 pounds
of 10-2-2 on as a top. dressing.
No doubt you planted a prolific type
of corn and if that is the case you
may expect it to sucker much more
freely than some of the larger sor.ts.
Prolific corn should be planted closer
than the large stalked varieties. This
tends to minimize the stooling. We
have conducted quite an extensive series
of experiments to try and determine
what should be the proper practice with
reference to the handling and manage
ment of corn. We find from these in
vestigations that varieties which stool
most freely seem to give the largest
yields and also produce a more vigorous
stalk and better quality of grain. In
one specific instance which has come
to my attention the main plants pro
duced at the rate of 54 bushels and the
stools at the rate of 9.5 bushels per
acre or a total of 63.5 bushels. In
another instance the main plants pro
duced 71.1 bushels and the stools 40.8
bushels, or a total of 111.9 bushels per
acre. The plants producing the largest
number of stools were more vigorous
than the others, and this has led us
to believe that it would hardly pay
to pull the suckers off—a prolific type
of corn, though we are inclined to think
that thicker planting and lessening the
number of suckers would be a con
siderable advantage. We would advise
you to use the 400 pounds of fertilizer
in the form of one or two side appli
cations, and the first should be put on
as soon as practicable and the second
two or three w*eeks later. We think you
should use a 10-4-3 as a^side application
on corn rather than a 10-2-2.
* * *
SECOND CROP IRISH POTATOES.
G. M. C., Monks Corner, S. C., writes:
I have about two acres of poor sandy
soil that I want to plant in Irish potatoes
for market. What fertilizer should I use
and when is the best time to plant, and
what varieties would be best for fall
market? •
Light sandy land will not produce
Irish potatoes to advantage, certainly
second crop or early fall potatoes. This
soil might do fairly well where - the
tubers are to be planted in the fall or
early spring. If you expect to use / this
land for second crop, we would advise
you to plow it and fallow it thoroughly
and incorporate with it as much yard
manure as possible. Of course, any lit
ter and trash that will add to the sup
ply of vegetable matter will be helpful.
It Is important that wnatever is used
be well incorporated with the soil and
the land be plowed and cultivated suf
ficiently to cause it to decay completely.
We would advise you to plant the po
tatoes in late July or early Augustn.
Open furrows to a good depth two to
two and a half feet apart and drop
the seed potatoes so as to leave them
about 12 to 18 inches apart in the drill.
Before planting the potatoes we would
advise the use of 1,000 pounds of fer
tilizer per acre of about a 9-4-6. The
fertilizer should be well mixed with the
soil in the bottom of the drill. Do not
put the fertilizer right next to the seed.
The planting should be done when the
soil is in good condition as to mois
ture. The potatoes should be covered
to a considerable depth, and it is best
not to cut them when planting at this
season. The best seed to use is that
obtained from the first or early crop
potatoes. Various varieties may be se
lected as the Bliss, Lookout Mountain or
second crop Cobbler. Some difficulty is
frequently experienced in getting a
stand of Irish potatoes at the season of
the year indicated. Sometimes the po
tatoes rot if the weather is very wet
and extremely warm. Every effort
should be made to so conserve the mois
ture of the soil as to induce rapid ger
mination of the seed.
* * *
MANAGEMENT OF A SORE UDDER.
J. C. H., writes: I would like to know
what to do to remove lumps from my
cow’s teats. She has had a lump in two
of her teats about the size of a hazlenu'c
for six months or more, hut *t did not seem
to trouble her until eight or ten .days
ago when one of them has swollen to about
the size of a hen egg, and seems to be
very sore.
Trouble of the character to which
you refer which has been permitted to
temain so long is now probably of a
chronic nature and very difficult to cure
on that account. Sometimes, when in
flammation of the udder and teats oc
curs and the gland is not properly re
stored to its normal function, the in
flamed part develops into a solid
fibrous mass, causing permanent hard
ening. When this occurs little can be
done for it. Whenever che udder or
teats become inflamed or injured in any
way prompt and immediate treatment
must be resorted to as the only hope
ol : effecting a permanent cure. About
the only recommendation we can make
which we believe to be worthy of your
consideration is to foment the in
flamed parts with warn water, just as
warm as possible. This treatment
should be persisted in for twenty min
utes two» or three times daily. After
each treatment the teat should be
rubbed dry. A good soothing lotion to
use is laudanum 2 ounces, tincture of
aconite 1 ounce, and soap liniment 5
SOME GOOD POINTS
ON POTATO GROWING
As a staple crop the potato ranks high
L 1 loiRhout th*' civili' d w rid. rh»*
market demand is fairly dependable and
the price level of late years has made
them a profitable crop in most locali
ties.
The Year Book of the department of
agriculture contains some interesting
statistical information, concerning po
tato production in the United States
during the past forty-five years. The
fact is revealed that the average yield
per acre from 1868 to 1872 was practi
cally the same as from 1908 to 1912; the
years between showing a nearly uniform
decline. Which means, as regards acre
production, that we are substantially
where our forefathers were. The lesson
would indicate that there is room for
improvement; pointing unmistakably to
ward more Intensified methods. The
following table shows the average pota
to production in bushels, per acre; with
prevailing farm prices, in periods of five
years, from 1868 to 1912:
Five-year
Number
Bu.
Farm
period.
of acres.
per
price
acre.
per bu.
Cents.
1868-1872
1,246,200
94.8
54.9
1873-2877
1,529,800
88.0
53.3
1878-1882
1,934,200
78.4
59.5
1883-1887
2,284,000
76.9
48.3
1888-1892
2,619,200
73.7
50.7
1893-1897
2.720000
78.8
.44.6
1898-1902
2,716,000
81.2
49.5
1903-1907
3.014,200
95.9
56.3
1908-1912
3,566,400
96.1
62.3
During the
first half of
the above se-
ries of years,
the ravages
of the
potato
bug were widespread and maybe ac
counted largely responsible for decreas
ed yield. From 1877 to *93 financial de
pression covered the land, affecting this
industry perhaps more than any other
of similar character. But the one great
cause was, and Is depleted soil fertility.
All observation, tests and statistics
point to this one chief cause. The reme
dy is obvious—and with it comes in. as
a close second, the improvement of
seed.
The department of agriculture has
just issued an excellent bulletin (No.
533) on this latter subject, by William
Stewart; and in a summary of conclu
sions the following facts are brought
out:
(1) Good seed is a determining factor
in the production of maximum crops of
potatoes.
(2) Good seed may be obtained by the
tuber-unit and hill-selection methods of
selection through the elimination of
unproductive and weak plants.
(3) Like produces like. If tubers
from unproductive or weak plants are
used, a similar harvest will be reaped.
(5) Purity of seed stock is an essen
tial quality of good seed. Serious
losses are sustained by the grower
through mixtures.
(6) A more liberal use of seed will
generally result in both 9 increased pro
duction and profit.
(7) A good storage place is essential
in order to insure sound, firm seed at
planting time.
(8) The use of high grade seed would
increase the returns from the potato
crop of the country by mahy millions
of dollars.
(9) All seed should be • treated with
formalin before planting.
Where scab is prevalent, seed should
be given the formalin treatment. This
consists of/a. two-hour submersion in a
solution of one pint of formalin to thir
ty gallons of water. The seed may be
at once cut and planted, or dried and
stored; but under no circumstances
shpuld they come in contact with sacks,
barrels or bins in which infected seed
has been stored.
ounces. This liniment will not blister
and should be rubbed in thoroughly
and persistently.
* * *
FEEDING VALUE OF OATS IN
SHEATH.
J. L. H., Haddock, Ga., writes: l’lease
advise me what oats in the sheath are
worth per ton that will make from 25
to 50 bushels per acre?
Oats, when in good condition to cut
for hay, will probably run a little high
er in digestive nutrients than hay de
rived from any of the other cereals.
They will closely approximate in com
position Kentucky blue grass when cut
in a similar stage, and will be richer
than timothy, orchard grass or red top.
While they probably will have a little
higher per cent of digestible nutrients
per ton than some other foodstuffs
with which they might come in com
petition, we are inclined to think that
they would have to be sold on the basis
of what they will bring for hay
Where timothy is selling at $20 to $25
a ton, a good quality of oat hay con
taining the amount of grain you have
indicated would be superior to timothy.
Of course, the value of oat hay de
pends somewhat on the stage in which
it has been cut and the method of cur
ing pursued. The foregoing statement
is based on the fact that the crop was
cut about the middle of the dough
stage and cured without rain, and is,
therefore, brought, clean and free from
dust, being well tinged with green.
• * *
CHRONIC INDIGESTION.
E. L. H., Georgians, Ala., writes: I
have a mare about 12 years old which is
full of life and works good but will not
fatten. Her bowels are very loose all the
time. I feed her on corn chops, ear corn
and fodder and water three times dally
after meals. She has raised several colts.
Would like to know how to remedy the
bowel trouble.
In treating a horse for indigestion
the first thing is to examine the food
and see that it is of a pure and whole
some character. Dusty or moldy food
is objectionable and must be discarded
at once. You should examine the wa
ter supply and see that it is clean and
pure and that all water is given before
feeding so as to prevent an undue di
lution of the digestive juices. Examine
the mouth and teeth and see that they
are in good condition. Sometimes ir
regularities in the teeth prevent proper
mastication. If tho trouble is due to
a ravenous appetite or bolting the food,
distribute the grain through a large
mass of fodder, thus making the animal
masticate more thoroughly. The fol
lowing is a good digestive tonic: Glau
ber salts, 2 pounds, common salt, 1
pound; baking soday, 1-2 pound. A
FINE OUTLOOK NOW FOR
Government Expert Delighted
With Result of Scattering
Good Seed
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
COLUMBIA, S. C., June 2.—Professor
Deer, of the United States department
of agriculture, an expert grain man,
who has been introducing better classes
of grains throughout the • south, is
here on a tour of inspection, checking
up his work and seeing the results of
his placing of the seeds. He has been
in and around Hartsville, inspecting
th« Abruzzi rye planted by David R.
Coker, and is highly gratified and much
pleased with the results he found
there.
Mr. Deer was taken by Commis
sioner Watson, of the state depart
ment of agriculture, to Monetto to
day, in Lexington county, to Inspect
some grain, largely rye, which came
from seed introduced by him. He is
elated over the results of introducing
better grain and congratulated South
Carolina on showing such marked im
provement in this line.
Like others who have noticed it,
Professor Deer was impressed with the
large amount of grain planted In this
state this year. The Increased acreage
in oats, wheat, rye and other grain is
noticeable in every section of the state.
RECLAMATION COMMITTEE.
The National Drainage congress has
appointed a committee to formulate a
bill to be presented to congress to pro
vide for the establishment of a de
partment of public reclamation and
drainage, either as a cabinet position
or a separate division under one of the
cabinet places, the new place to have
charge of all forestry work, reclamation
and drainage of waste lands. The com
mittee consists of E. J. Watson, of
Columbia, S. C., first vice president; F.
B. Knight, of Chicago; Thomas
Knowles, of Pittsburg; Reed Whitford,
of Charleston, S. C.; L. L. Lawrence,
of Laurel, Miss.; J. S. Spikier, of Vin
cennes, Ind.; Dr. Joseph Hyde Pratt, of
Raleigh, N. C.. and Thomas P. Little-
page, of Washington, D. C. The secre
taries of war, the interior and agricul
ture are also to be members of this
committee, and in case they cannot
serve they are to designate their first
assistants to act for them. This com
mittee is charged with securing fed
eral action and a bill for carrying out
this purpose will be drawn up and be
submitted to congress when that body
assembles in December next.
In doscussing this matter. Commis
sioner Watson, of the state deoartment
of agriculture, said that President Wil
son, Vice President Marshall, Speaker
Champ Clark, Secretary Bryan and the
entire cabinet, and all the prominent
men of both parties, were in sympathy
with the movement.
“I did not hear a word of opposition
to it,” said Mr. Watson, who was in
Washington last week, and while there
called on President Wilson with a com
mittee and laid the matter before him.
Mr. Watson is sanguine of success for
this undertaking.
SEED CRUSHERS TO MEET.
The South Carolina Cotton Seed
Crushers’ association will hold its an
nual meeting in Asheville, N. C.. on
July 1, 2 and 3, and Commissioner Wat
son has accepted an invitation to make
them an address on July 3. Chief
Chemist Summers, of the agricultural
department, will make an address be
fore the seed crushers’ convention on
“Accordance of Results in ’ Chemical
Aanalysis.” and on “Inspection of Food
Products,” B. F. Taylor, of Columbia,
the president of the association. \
Mr. Watson will make an address at
Beaufort on June 4, before the tomato
clubs and farmers’ rally, and on June
6 goes to Charleston to deliver an
address to the gathering of the na
tional comercial secretaries, which
will be in session in that city then.
heaping teaspoonful of this may be
given in each feed. Where the bowels
are unduly loose the trouble may be
gotten rid of at times by giving castor
oil. If the purging continues it may
be checked by giving wheat flour and
starch water or white oak bark tea.
* * *
GRAZING CROPS IN A MULBERRY
GROVE.
A. A. T., Sparta. Ga.. writes: Have
an acre in ever-bearing mulberries for hogs.
The trees cee.se bearing in July. What
would you suggest planting in ampng the
trees for hogs?
The kind of crop to plant in a grove
of mulberry trees depends much on the
size of the trees and the distance apart
at which they are set. If they shade
the ground very thoroughly compara
tively few crops will grow to any ad
vantage. If they are rather small and
only semi-shade the ground, probably
soy beans or cowpeas will afford the
largest amount of nutriment. After
these crops have been grazed off they
could be followed by oats and rye in
which some hairy vetch seed has been
mixed. These crops are the most like
ly to give a profitable return for graz
ing down by hogs and also should grow
to better advantage than any others
which we can suggest.
Nancy Hall and Triumph
Plants—$1.25 per 1,000.
Can Ship At Once. T. K.
Godbey, Waldo, Fla.
Fish
Like Hungry Wolves, Fill your Nets
Traps or Trot Lines if you bait with
M AGIC-FISH-LURE.
Best bait ever used for attracting
all kinds of fish. Write for price
list to-day and get a box to help
introduce it. Agents wanted.
J. F. GREGORY,
Dept. 2 8t. Lonis, Mo.
The Best
Beverage
SAVING THE MANURE,
A FARMER’S PROBLEM
Farm manure derived from such do
mestic animals as horses and cows is
composed essentially of three different
ingredients. These are dung, urine and
litter. The properties of these different
ingredients might be briefly considered.
The dung of domestic animals is com
posed largely of the indigestible woody or
fibrous portions of the feed. This dung,
however, is in a much wetter mechan
ical condition to act as a manure than
the original material, because it has been
ground so fine and softened so much
that it decays readily. This solid portion
of the animal excrement, while usually
considered as the principal part of the
manure, possesses considerably less plant
food constituents than does the urine.
The plant food constituents present in
the dung are not readily soluble, and be
fore they become available to plants the
dung must undergo decomposition. Gen
erally speaking, dung contains about one-
third of the total nitrogen of the animal
excrements, one-fifth of the total potash
and nearly all of the phosphoric acid.
The urine of domestic animals is com
posed chiefly of water, but contains, in
a readily soluble form, about two-thirds
of the total nitrogen, four-fifths of the
total potash and a small amount of the
phosphoric acid voided by the animal.
From what has been said, and from the
consideration of the relative composition
of dung, urine and litter given later in
this article, one can readily aprpeciate
the serious nature of the loss that the
farmer sustains where he allows any part
of the urine to be lost.
Various materials are used as bedding,
chief of which are straw, leaves, saw
dust, corn stover, and damaged hay.
These materials when used served sev
eral purposes, the most important of
which are (1) to absorb and retain urine,
(2) to afford a clean and comfortable bed
for the animals, (3) to dilute the manure,
making even distribution easier.
Factors Affecting the Value of Ma
nure.—The quality and quantity of ma
nure produced on the farm will be gov
erned chiefly by the food of the animal,
the age of the animal, the moisture
content of the manure, the kind and
amount of bedding used and the care
and management of the manure from
the time it is voided until it is applied
to the land. These factors are briefly
discussed below.
About 75 per cent of the total nitro
gen and phosphoric acid and 90 per
cent of the total potash contained in
the food is voided in the excrement.
This being the case, the richer the food
is in these valuable materials, the bet
ter the quality of the manure produced.
For example, the manure from animals
fed largely on straw, corn stover or
grass hay will be comparatviley poor
in plant food constituents, especially
nitrogen, because these foods contain
only small amounts of these materials;
while the manure from animals receiv
ing a liberal quantity of such foods as
wheat bran, gluten meal, cotton seed
meal, alfalfa hay, cowpea hay and clo
ver hay will be rich, particularly in
nitrogen and phosphoric acid.
Young animals that are making rap
id growth take more of the nitrogen
and phosphoric acid out of the food anu
store it up as muscle and bone than
do older animals in which growth has.
ceased. Hence, other tilings being
equal, the manure produced by young,
rapidly growing animals is not so rlci»
in these food materials as that from
other animals.
The amount of plant food in a ton
of manure is to a large extent govern
ed by the percentage of moisture pres
ent. A ton of manure carylng 60 per
cent of water contains twice as muen
plant food as the same manure carrying
80 per cent of water; or in other words,
with the manure containing 80 per cent,
of water, by allowing sufficient amount
of the water to evaporate, the content oi
the dry matter and plant food Is dou
bled.
Sheep manure is usually looked upon
as very rich manure, but this is due
largely to the fact that sheep manure
generally contains much less water tha>.
the manure from other animals. For
example, the Massachusetts experiment
station reports the average of four an
alyses of sheep manure, showing 28.4
pounds of nitrogen, 8 pounds of phot>-
phorus and 19.4 pounds of potassium
per ton; but this manure contained only
29.22 per cent of water. If the w*ater
content was increased to 75 per cent,
which is about the average of mixeo
manures, then this sheep manure would
contain only 10 pounds of nitrogen, 2,s
pounds of phosphorus and 7 pounds of
potassium per ton. This is not far
different from other manures contain
ing an equal amount of water.
SPEYER FIGKTS YOAKUM
FOR FRISCO CONTROL
Fight Begins to Have One of
Receivers of St, Louis and
Frisco Road Deposed
NEW YORK, June 2.—Members of the
international banking firm of Speyer &
Co. had a conference today with Freder
ick W. Lehmann, their counsel, to deter
mine a plan of action in a fight- to bring
about the dismissal of at least or.e of the
receivers appointed for the St. Louis and
San Francisco railroad and the substitu
tion of a man to represent the Interests
of the bondholders.
It was expected that Mr. Lehmann
would leave today or tomorrow for St.
Louis where receivers are in charge of
the road were appointed and that legal
proceedings would be begun early next
week.
James Speyer has cancelled an Intended
trip to Europe and will remain here to
look after the interests of the holders
of the $65,000,000 Frisco bonds which
Speyer & Co. floated and for which, it
is said, on behalf of the firm, it feels a
responsibility.
Dispatchs from Paris say that
French investors in the bonds are very
indignant that the receivers should
have been appointed without consulting
the bondholders of the road, and pro
posed to send representatives to this
country to follow the reorganization
proceedings.
The fact that Speyer & Co. issued a
statement, stating that they were “not
consulted” in the appointment of the
receivers, both of whom are officials of
the road, has brought about what is
characterized in Wall street as open war
fare between the firm and B. F. Yoakum,
president of the road, and it is pre
dicted that the coming legal contest
Kill amount virtually to a fight to con
trol the Frisco.
Mr. Yoakum is quoted as saying that
“the securities of tfte company are
all safe. The stock will be worth more
than ever. It will take only a little
time to demonstrate this.
The fact that the Frisco’s bonded in
debtedness far exceeds its outstanding
T
SMITH VOCATIONAL BILL
President and Administration
Forces Also Backing Pro
posed Measure
BY RALPH SMITH.
WASHINGTON, D. C., June 2.—A
favorable report was ordered today on
Senator Hoke Smith’s resolution for
the creation a*nd appointment of a com
mission to consider the need and report
a plan for national aid to vocational
education. The report was adopted by
the senate committee on vocation and
labor, of which Mr. Smith is chairman.
He will submit it to the senate and
feels confident that with the backing
of President Wilson and other admin
istration forces he will experience
small difficulty in getting his reso
lution through both branches of con
gress. The president is strongly com
mitted to federal aid to vocational edu
cation in the several states.
Under the terms of the Smith reso
lution the commission, which is to be
named by the president, shall submit
its report not later than next Decem
ber, so that its findings may furnish
the basis of the legislation to be en
acted.
The committe is to consist of
nine men, who will receive no compen
sation, but whose actual traveling ex
penses and subsistence while engaged
on the work will be paid. An appro
priation of $25,000 to meet the expenses
is provided for.
Senator Smith stated that President
Wilson was an enthusiastic advocate
of vocational training and that no man
was better qualified to appoint such a
commission.
stock issues is, according to Wall
street opinion, the chief cause of the
road’s troubles.
On behalf of the Speyers, it is said
that the fate of the bonds, which are
a lien ahead of the stock, is the more
Important question to be determined.
WHEN FRICTION BEGAN. •
Friction between Speyer & Co. and
Yoakum began a few months ago, it
was said, when the firm declined to
finance maturing notes for $2,250,000.
This brought about the receivership, al
though the earnings of the road, the
bankers said, did not warrant such ac
tion.
BUSINESS
ON THE FARM
The old order of slip-shod meth
ods, and the old easy ways are
fast disappearing from Southern
farms—and we are glad of it.
Whenever the farmer realizes
the magnitude of his possibilities,
and the richness of his opportuni
ties, and gets down to rock-bot
tom business—each worthy enter
prise — every progressive mer
chant and successful manufactur
er will be greatly benefited by the
new order.
When the farmer’s shoes and
his family’s shoes and his labor
ers’ shoes are bought on a busi
ness basis—Shield Brand Shoes
will come into their own—because
Shield Brand Shoes rep
resent best value for least money,
Mr. Farmer, for every dollar yoti
invest in a pair of Shield Brand
Shoes you get 100 cents worth oi
real service—100 cents worth oi
good looks and 100 cents worth oi
comfort. These are facts—Shield
Brand Shoes prove our state
ments. The Shield Brand Shoe
merchants in your community
will substantiate our statements,
and you will be convinced when
you or your wife or children or
your laborers wear Shield Brand
Shoes.
Ask your shoe merchant for
Shield Brand Shoes—do not ac
cept the kind that are “just as
good.” Make him get for your
sake and your helps’ sake
SHIELD BRAND
SHOES
M. C. KISER CO.
Shield Brand Shoemakers
Atlanta. Georgia
At
Soda
Fountains
or Carbon
ated in bottles.
THE COCA-COLA COMPANY. Atlanta. Go.
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