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J THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA. GA., 5 BTOBTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mail Matter of the Second Class. JAMBS B. GRAY, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE Twelve months 75o Six months Three months -6e The Semi-Weekly Journal Is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of distinguished contributors, with strong department* of special value to the home and the farm. Agents wanted i:t every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R- . BRAD LEY. Circulation Manager. The only tra*. eling representatives we have are J. A. Bryan. R. F. Bolton. C. C. Coyle. L. H. Kim brough and C. T. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, you insure regular service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old. as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back number*. Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail. Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. Atlanta, Ga. The Way to Penal Reform. Thoughtful public opinion naturally approves the proposal that a legislative commission be created at the forthcoming session of the General Assembly to study the penal system of Georgia and recommend such improvements as may be necessary or advisable. That the present system may be changed in some respects decidedly for the better no one familiar with its practical workings can deny. Indeed, those who are in closest touch with these matters and who are officially responsible are among the most earnest advocates of a thoroughgoing plan of readjustment; witness the recent interview wth Judge T. E. Pat terson, of Griffin, a member of the State Prison Board. “While we are seeking,’ said he, “to conduct the penitentiary system in the best manner pos sible under the present laws, toe realize, at least I do, that the system is far from perfect. It has •its good points but it has also its defects and I am confident that a properly constituted' commission, given sufficient authority in the matter of securing evidence and information, could point out these defects and suggest the most efficient remedies, possibly in the shape of amendments to the present laws or, where neces sary, supplementary laws which would commend themselves to the Legislature and the public.’’ The • purpose of such a commission would in no wise be that of pell-mell muckrakers; on the con trary its object would be a deliberate investigation of the methods now employed with a view to making them more efficient, if possible, but not to introducing changes merely for the sake of change; and also a study of the systems that have worked most satis factorily in other progressive States to the end that Georgia may profit by all such experience and work out a system of hep own that will meet the ends of justice, humanity' and common sense. Especially praiseworthy is the suggestion that courts be given discretionary power, within properly defined limits, to suspend sentences in cases where such a course would not be harmful to the interests of society but would he distinctly wholesome for the offender. It would frequently happen in the case of young prisoners or to the case of those who had erred through impulse or in unusual circumstances that a plan like this would serve all the purposes of justice and at the same time save the individual from a life of crime. The thing of prime importance, "however, is the appointment of such a commisson as has been pro posed, in order that all phases of the State’s penal system may he studied carefully and all suggestions given due consideraton. That is the broad, practical way which everyone sincerely interested in improv ing the penal systef can follow. The Business OutlooK In the Southeast. The cheering report rendered by the various local superintendents of Bradstreet’s Southeastern agen cies who are now convened in Atlanta, their division headquarters, would turn the melancholy Jacques himself into a business optimist. These men have rare opportunities as well as an established reputa tion for gauging the Condition and the prospect of commercial affairs. Stationed at every city of impor tance in the Southeast and connected through divers channels with the total business life of their respec tive districts, they are in direct and constant touch with with developments of every kind. They are i_ trained students of facts and it is upon facts alone j that their reports are based. | When, therefore, these agents declare, and bring ■ proof to show, that conditions in the Southeast are promising for every field of material endeavor, we have good reason to be confident of the year’s prog- i less and results. They testify without exception that | the present, status of crops forecast a goodly harvest, that building trades are active and that in each of their communities a spirit of hardy and hopeful en terprise is astir. Mr, J. E. C. Pedder, of Atlanta, di vision superintendent, strikes the keynote of his offi cial associates when he says: “For the past two years the southeastern states have'had a particularly hard time, in fact have passed through one of the most crucial pe riods in their history. In the early spring condi- tions did not look very favorable for an average crop this year but for the past two or three weeks the southeastern states have had good rains, seed have germinated vjell and the land has been well cultivated. Crops are now looking much better. Our grain crop this spring teas a very good one, Notwithstanding a momentary depression, this section has gone ahead by leaps , and bounds. More developments in all lines have been noted, and more railroads are under construc tion. As far as Atlanta is concerned, we have ' broken all records. I do not see any cloud on the financial horizon, and am looking forward to a fine business this fall with confidence.” This estimate is borne out by the reports from each of the local superintendents. It is shown, for instance, that in Birmingham there are now under construction buildings which represent an aggre gate cost of more than ten million dollars and that Alabama is today making pig iron at the rate of two million, one hundred and fifty-two thousand, seven hundred and sixty-four tons per annum, the greatest figure in the history of that industry; while on the heel of this record comes the announcement of the American Steel and Wire company that it -will expend eighteen million dollars in completing its great plant. The Jacksonville agent relates that the commerce of that port is expanding at a phenom enal rate and that despite the large extensions re cently made to the dock and terminal facilities, they are still inadequate to meet the growing demands upon them, so that the city itself has undertaken the construction of additional docks to cost a million and a half dollars. The completion of a forty-thousand horse-power electric plant on the Savannah river will usher Augusta into a new manufacturing era. In that city, several ten-story office buildings are In proc ess of construction, work on the levee is under way and the grain crops of the outlying country are re ported to be larger than for many years past. In Chattanooga all factories are running full capacity, good wages are maintained and bank clearings have steadily increased. These are but a few mong many striking instances which show that the Southeast is pressing steadily forward upon firm ground. In Georgia there is par ticular cause for confidence, as is witnessed by the progress of Macon, Savannah, Albany, Columbus, Rome and other towns independent of Atlanta and also by the substantial conditions of agricultural in terests throughout the State. No Money, No War. Despite the belligerent attitude of-Servia and Bul garia, there is good reason to believe that another war in the Balkans will be averted. The larger Powers are exerting their utmost influence for peace, and particularly significant is the harmony with which Germany and Russia are counseling together toward that end. Of chief importance, however, is the warning from Prance that, in the event of war, it will make no loans either to Bulgaria or Servia before or after hostilities. That announcement should serve effec tually to check the Balkan States in any warlike action they may have contemplated; for the cam paigns against Turkey have almost emptied their treasuries, and, without a prospect of future financial assistance, they would be without means either to fight or to meet their pressing domestic needs. It is not surprising, therefore, to 16am through dispatches that Servia has signified her purpose to avoid all provocations toward Turkey, and that Bui-. garia likewise has expressed a readiness to do every thing possible to preserve harmony. Indeed, ail natural circumstances indicate that the year 1913 will be one of rich returns the nation over. There is promise of a record-breaking wheat crop and of abundant yields of all kinds of foodstuffs. That industries are .thriving is evidenced by the fact that the transportation companies have a greater volume of traffic than they can well handle. There are, to be sure, occasional signs of financial stringency but In so far as the great underlying sources of pros perity are concerned they stand without impairment or peril. Superintendent Pedder’s declaration that he sees no cloud on the business horizon is, interestingly enough, almost the very phrase employed a few weeks ago by James J. Hill in an interview, scouting the idea that there was any occasion for commercial alarm or distrust. It is a significant fact that men who are in a position to observe accurately and to predict advisedly agree that American business to dy is upon solid ground. The very circumstance that they think thus and that public opinion is attuned accordingly is within itself assuring; for, those periods of financial depres sion which we call "panics,” or “near-panics” are in many, if not most instances, due to a state of mind rather than to any material cause. The psychologists have often debated whether a man, upon seeing a bear, becomes frightened and runs, or first runs and then becomes frightened, and the weight of opinion, we believe, inclines to the latter view. Certain it is that nine times out of ten, a country gets “panicky” from running and not from any real or insuperable danger. The heartening fact in the United States today is that nobody who thinks at all is thinking of running. The great rank and file of business men know that the sources of prosperity are undisturbed. They are keeping their heads and are going their ways in confidence and cheer. Any man who would jilt a girl deserves to be married by her successor. Helpless Turkey. The assassination of the Turkish grand vizier in Constantinople yesterday was the third deed of the kind within recent months. The commander-in-chief of the army and another distinguished general had previously fallen victims to the spirit of dark sedi tion with which the Ottoman government is beset. If it be true that the defeat of the Turks at the hands of the Balkan allies was due largely to the demoralized condition of the army and to popular distrust of the government, it is even more true that the results of the war have intensified both these evils. In fact, Turkey is today threatened -with an internal upheaval that may call for intervention on the part of the responsible Powers. Occasionally a woman can tell a man what she t&Jnks of him without thinking very hard. Let’s Look Before We Leap. The State of Tennessee expects to open bids this month tor eleven and a half million dollars of four per cent forty-year bonds. Dispatches say, however, that Governor Hooper and other officials, upon can vassing the financial field in New York, have been advised that there is little or no chance for market ing the bonds at tha present time, t*ne general opin ion being that short-term notes could be more easily sold. It is possible, therefore, that future negotia tions may be directed to that end. Now that the question of a bond issue for At lanta is being discussed, Council will do well to con sider the Tennessee situation. Is this, a favorable time for a large offering of municipal bonds? Could they be easily and advantageously disposed of? Any doubt in this connection should be removed before the subject is pursued further. Before the City thinks of embarking on so seri ous a venture, it should have definite and ample as surance as to where it will land. If I Ha! A Million Dollars 87 t)B. PKA.71 CMn. (Copyright, 1913, by Frank Crane.) I wish I had a million dollars, you say, I could do so much good with it. There are so many I would like to help. It would be such a pleasure to relieve the sufferings of this poor family, to assist that struggling young man, and ,+ o contribute generously to .the church and the hospital. I know I would not be as selfish as many rich people are. If I haa a million I would gratify my generous impulses. Stop right there! Your imag ination is misleading you. If you had a million dollars you would be , no more liberal than you are now. Helpfulness does not depend on i the size of your income. If you I are doing nothing for others on 1 your present income of fifty dol- llars a month you would do the same if you had fifty thousand a month. You would be just as wrapped up in your own sweet self as you ar e now—and wrappeder. For it is a well established fact that one’s altruistic impulses decrease in force as one’s wealth grows. The kindest, most generous, and charitable people in the world are those who have little or nothing. The best friends to the poor are the other poor. T have in mind now one of the most benevolent women I ever knew. She is always thinking of oth ers. She sends flowers to her friends upon just the right occasions, she has delicious soup sent to certain people in whom she is interested in the hospitals, she plans in various societies to help needy children, she is a real “trouble woman,” for wherever there is trouble there is she, to hold the nervous hand, to smooth the hot brow, and to give of her full cheer and hope to them that need. She is not rich in pocket; she has the true riches, of the heart, riches that moth and rust do not corrupt nor thieves-break through and steal. And you. if you have the root of the matter in you, can be as benevolent as the most lavish millionaire. What you need is not money, it is disposition. For the one thing to give in this world, the one thing that is worth while, the one thing that cheers us all up and adds ozone to the soul, is—yourself. The great gifts of the rich-Mt is doubtful if they do any good after all. I have my suspicions of them. But whoso gives himself, his .time, his thought, his attention, his care, he is the worWl’s real benefactor. “This world is so waste and eriipty,” says Goethe, in his “Wilhelm Meister,” “when we figure but towns and hills and rivers in it, but to know that some one is living on with us, CVen in silence, this makes our earth ly ball a peopjed garden.” - Mothers' Day “To Miss Anna Jarvis, Philadelphia, is given the palm of victory and the laurel crown for founding the second Sunday in May as ’Mothers’ day.’ Throughout the country, state after state has set aside this day or some later one in May in memory of her who stands the peeress of all ages, ‘the mother’—-the greatest name to mortals given. There is Children’s day, Fathers’ day and Parents' day, but the greatest of these is Mothers' day; for where there is no mother there is no day to found in her honor. So proud is Miss Jar vis of the homage paid our motherS| in America that she has planned a trip to Switzerland and will appear before the World’s Sunday School convention, which meets there early in July. She will plead for a world wide observance of Mothers' day. She has already 2,000 delegates promised for the convention. A small, white button with the word 'Mother' upon it in the language of the country in which it is used was worn all over the world on Mothers’ day. Also the white carnation was worn as emblem of the day.’’-—Club Woman’s Magazine. 1 r : ' r ‘ Mother i. Mother! upon my heart, Wherein enthroned thou art, f This flower I lay, An emblem there to be, Of love and memory, This holy day. II. In this white flower I see Love in Its purity. Love the divine, A mother’s death love— Who can the bounds thereof In words define? III. In reverent memory, Deep in my heart for thee I’ve built a shrine, On which is carved thy name. Love in its altar flame, Dear mother mm IV. Who still his head can rest, Upon his mother’s breast, Happy is he! Kissing her lips, her brow, Oft will he wonder how Strong love can be; V. But he who to dumb skies. Must turn his longing eyes, Which tears make dim, He. too, may happy be— Love’s faith a Saint shall see Waiting for him. —CHARLES W. HUBNER. Progress of Irish Home Rule. The second passage of the Irish Home Rule bill in the House of Commons brings that interesting’ measure and the great cause it represents to the borderland of success. If the bill passes the Com mons once more during the tenure of the present Parliament, it will automatically become a law, re gardless of the opposition of the House of Lords. Whether the Liberal majority will be able to re tain its power until a third and final vote can be had is another and a more serious question. Dispatches indicate that the Irish Nationalists are rather down hearted over this particular phase of the outlook; and certain it is that the fortunes of the Liberal party are just now at ebb. The Marconi scandal has involved high government officials and, though this is a matter that has little or no logical bearing on political issues, it will be worked for all it is worth by the opposition. Should the Liberals be retired from Power, the Home Rule bill would be lots, at least for years to come. That, however.- is is no wise a certainty nor even a very strong probability. On the larger issues of the time, the Liberals seem to hav .*the rank and file of the people with them; and they may weather the present storm as they have many others within the past few years. And many a man with a weak intellect is head strong. ^OUAITRY OME Fine weather for mint beds, even if a bit warm for the other ingredient. TOPICS CWjcted by .ms v: kjte.ltda SEEN IN THE HALL OP FAME. After I made a late visit to Annapolis and gathered some very thrilling gealogical data, I became inter ested in the Hansons of Maryland, for there were some Marshalls who also carried the name of Hanson as jiven names, s ;owing relationships and intermarriages. Among the very large land owners was one Thomas. Hanson Marshall, who was evidently a kinsman to ^he great John Hanson, who is one of the two cele brated men whose bronze statues have been placed in the capitol of the United States by the state of Mary land. Up to this time I had felt small interest in John Hanson, but I find he was one of the greatest of our colonial patriots, and was the very first presi dent of the congress away back in the early history of these United States. He was born in Charles county, Md., In the year 1716, nearly 200 years ago. He lived there for fifty-eight years before he moved to Fred erick county, where he died ten years later. When the patriots became indignant at British aggression Hanson fearlessly joined in giving supreme control to the pro vincial government ae against the control of King George. He was one of the noblest defenders of the articles of confederation of the United States, lie was the great leader in Maryland, when so many of my forbears signed in 1776 before the Declaration of Independence was signed and which signatures would have executed them and confiscated their property, if British arms had succeeded in America. In 1787, when Gcneraal Washington was moving against the troops of Sir Henry Clinton, and the pa triots in the south were in dire struggles to defend the country fron* British soldiers and tories, this John Hanson was elected the very first president of the congress of the confederation. By this election John Hanson became in a political sense the foremost per son in the United States and represented its dignity. His title was “president of the United States in con gress assembled.” After General Washington was victorious at York- town and Cornwallis was signally defeated, President Hanson had the great happiness to welcome General Washington and present him to the congress, then assembled at Philadelphia. He died in November, 1782, two years later, but the last British soldier had sailed away from New York and peace was in sight. He had represented Charles county nine times in the provincial assembly of Mary land. He raised two companies of riilemen for Gen eral Washington’s army and sent money to relieve the poor of Boston who had suffered from the ravages of the enemy, and forty companies of minute men in Maryland. How many of our historians have informed themselves of this great John Hanson who was really the first president of the United States? His hand guided the fortunes of the new nation in the year that brought final success to American arms. Some of the letters written to his wife and son-in-law show how dearly he loved his home when he was in* constant and active service for his country for twenty- five years. With Charles Carroh, the other great Marylander, whose bronze statue keeps company with that of John Hanson in the Jiall of fame, he spared neither strength, money or life in the service of his country. Charles Carroll was devoted Catholic and John Hanson was Protestant in faith. Carroll’s famiy were devoted to King Charles I of England, while John Han son was an adherent of the house of Hanover. Carroll was educated at religious institutions in France; Han son was educated in Charles county, Md. Both were members of very influential families, but Hanson was more the man of the people. He was one of the stanchest supporters of what was called the “Maryland Association,” organized in 1770, and was among the first of the signers that I have in previous articles alluded to, where they took a solemn oath to stand by Maryland and defied British aggression. Among those signers were nine of the Marshalls and four of my Latimer kindred, one of them being my own grandmother’s father, as we now understand. This signing was set down as treason to King George, and it meant eternal vigilance in a lanji where great influ ence was used to preserve allegiance to the royal arms. Had British arms prevailed every one would have been executed or exiled as before said. • * * SLANDEROUS ATTACKS ON CANDIDATES. To the most of newspaper readers it seemed a vain undertaking to try to run down the attack made on ex- President Roosevelt, who was charged with habitual drunkenness in the campaign of last year, but th© se quel shows that it was time and money well expended. When it came'to a showdown the proof failed to appear. During the 1U12 campaign a so-called national prohibi tion organizer appeared in Cartersville and publicly stated that he himself saw this much abused candidate drink four stiff glasses of whisky inside of thirty min utes. The falsehood had to pass unrebuked, because there was nobody qualified to say that the speaker was a brazen liar, but which he was, and we now are sat isfied that he made lying his professional business. This is alluded to merely to say that all sifeh tales should be taken not only with a grain of allowance, but held at arm’s length on suspicion for honesty’s sake. There are very few men who are ambitious for po litical promotion who would dar© to enter a campaign with habits of this kind, and newspapers should be very careful to hold back such villainous stories un*til the absolute proof is presented. No sot is L. to serve in a representative capacity, and no immoral man Si ould be allowed to appear as a legislator. Civic righteousness should be illustrated, as well as preached for example’s sake to the ^outh of the land. The time has been in our country when drunkenness was con doned, but that time has gone by. A man who is too weak to control his thirst for strong drink should go to an inebriate asylum before he asks the votes of any number of people, and after he thinks he is cured he should test himself in private life before he essays to become a lawmaker. Mr. Roosevelt’s vigor and physical robustness would have given the lie where he was personally known, but eternity alone can count the votes he lost where he was not so well acquainted. It was well to chase the lie down. • * * A SHORT SIGHTSEEING TRIP. Washington, D. C., May 19, 1912. As I walked down F street on yesterday afternoon I heard the fire wagons coming. Surely I never saw so many splendid engines in line of battle to meet the voracious fire fiend! The large building occupied by the department of geological survey was al^ in flames down in its base ment. A great express company’s supply, also domi ciled in the building, was being destroyed. For hours the engines poured in great streams of water. One .man, who got near enough to see, said there were twenty hose lines pouring in their floods. I never saw sue! beautiful engines ip my life. They were haridisome as the inside works of a splendid watch, and they had attached themselves to every wa ter plug in the vicinity, and the hose were stretched along all those crowded street near the F.bbitt house and the United States treasury. Being Sunday after noon and beautiful weather, everybody was prome nading the streets, and the crowd soon banked ^hem- selves on the various sidewalks. I have not seen the morning paper to know the extent of the loss, but you may be sure it runs up into a good many figures. What it has cost the government to procure all the data and th.s patents and wjiat the hindrances to prog ress will be I can only imagine to bo enormous. I took a street car lido out to the popular Chevy Chase club and grounds, miles and miles of the finest streets and parks on the continent; and the people who invest in a town where the t;r; n s of ro,000.000 of peo ple are used to beautify and extend such improvements can easily perceive what I’v ir luck has been. My vEcrtion or l.olida;. is hampered by a:i inflamed eye which : annoys me a great Cesl. but 7 knew T could not rest from reading and writing r.t homo, so i am on a little sightseeing trip of v.d irh you will '..car more anon. THE INCOME TAX XI.- -THE SUPREME COURT DECISION. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Perhaps no decision ever rendered by a federal court in the United States tended to shake the faith of the people in the courts more than the decision of the ^supreme court that the law of r 1894 was unconstitutional. Hay ins the misfortune to reverse the construction and practice of t hundred years, coupled with a practical reversal of its own ’irst decision, the court, how ever righteous its aim or high ts purpose, might have brought iown upon itself a storm of adverse and distrustful criti cism. As soon as the law of 1894 went into effect all of the big interests of the country got ready to’ fight it.'on the ground that it was unconstitutional Many suits were brought con testing It, but the one which fi nally had the honor of being the Lest case was that of Pol lock vs. the Farmers' Doan and Trust company, Some of the ablest lawyers at the American bar were brought In to attack the constitutionality of the law. Few cases in that court ever have been more thor oughly argued or expounded than was this one, the arguments and briefs filling several volumes. There were two principal grounds upon which the opponents of the tax declared it unconstitutional—that It was not a uniform tax, and that It was a direct tax. They laid more emphasis on the former than on the latter assertion. They attempted to persuade the supreme court that it should pronounce the tax unconstitutional without reversing the former decisions of that body. The oourt paid little attention to the argument that the tax was not a uniform one within the meaning of the constitution, and, indeed, in a later decision, the government’s contention in this partciular was upheld. ’ . ... The court had declared by a unanimous vote In 1870, in the case of Springer against the United States, in which Springer resisted the payment of a .tax upon his professional income, that ‘"it does not appear that any tax like the one here in question was ever regarded or treated by congress as a direct tax. This uniform practical construction of the constitu tion touching so important a point Is a consideration of great welgth.” It further added that "our conclu sions are that direct taxes, within the meaning of the constitution, are only capitation taxes as expressed in that Instrument, and taxes on real estate. ' It further declared that the tax upon Springer’s income was in the nature of an excise or duty, and, therefore, not a direct tax. ..... Unfortunately the income of Springer was not de rived from lands, but rather from United States bonds and professional earnings. When the law of 1894 came before the supreme court counsel argued that in- , come frojn land cannot be distinguished from land lt- ’ self, and, therefore, if a tax on land is a direct tax. ,as every one concedes, It follows that a tax on an in come derived from land Is also a direct tax. Upon this argument the court decided In the first case that a tax upon Income derived from lands was a direct tax, and, therefore, inhibited by the constitution except under apportionment. There was an even division of the court upon the question of whether the "remainder of the law should be declared unconstitutional because this -part of it was so held. There was one phase of the controversy, however, upon which the court was unanimous, and that was in declaring that the, part of the law which put a tax upon incomes derived from state bonds was unconstitutional, not because it was’ a direct tax, but because the federal government had no right to tax the instrumentalities of a state. ... Of course such a decision tore the income tax law to pieces, and there seemed no other way out of the difficulty than to reopen the whole matter and to ar gue it all over again- Counsel opposed to the law built tlielr arguments upon the opinions of the court in the first case, and declared that if, as th'- court had held, a tax upon income derived from land were a direct tax, then also a tax upon the Income from personal property would e a direct tax. Justice Jackson had not participated in the hearing of the first case, and arose from what proved to be his death bed to hear the arguments on the rehearing. He voted in favor of the constitutionality of the law, and since the vote had stood four to four on the first hearing, his vote in favor of the law must have made it consti tutional, had not one of the justices affirming the constitutionality of the law in the first case changed his vote and registered himself against it. Who tha» justice was is not known. For a long time It was claimed that ,t was Justice Shiras, but more recently claims we.q made that It was not he, but Justice Brown. Others assert that it was Justice Field. Probably it will never be known. But, at any rate, one man who, on the first hearing, had voted to up hold the law, changed his mind and voted against it on the rehearing. t e e e Many careful authorities assert that the court did not take time to make its own investigations, and, therefore, relying upon the representations of counsel, it was gravely misled, and that this fact is disclosed by an examinatinn of the affirmative opinions. For instance, It was argued that a Frenchman by the name of Turgot had written a pamphlet on taxation in .which he pronounced an income tax a direct tax, and that this work was in the hands of the framers of the constitution. Chief Justice Fuller accepted this and used It as an argument In his opinion. Prof. Sellgman, of Columbia university, shows that no such work ever was published in France, much less trans lated in the United States. Turgct did write a little memoir, in whicl. he contended that th e only direct taxes were poll taxes and land taxes. ... Again, * was contended by counsel and adopted in the opinions of the court that the clause in the con stitution forbidding the levying of direct taxes except by apportionment was inserted to protect the small states against the large ones, whereas, such authori ties as Prof. Seligman produce the words of the con stitution framers themeslves to show It was put there as a compromise to protect the slave states in th« three-fifths rule, whereby, in determining the ratio representation in the house of representatives and di rect taxation three white people should count as much as five negro* . Pointed Paragraphs There are local disturbances other than the weather. This cold spell was a thing the almanacs were not prepared for. Iii weather like this the bleachers are just as good as the grandstand. The dictograph has supplanted the old ears the walls used to have. Ilx-Presidait Taft probably wonders how the president gets r.waje with it so easily. As a man grows older, his ideas, like his tailor’s measurements, don’t vary much from year to year. if ?, woman ever doss find her ideal man, she ■imest invariably discovers that tome other woman -.as a prior claim on him.