Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

6 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, JUNE 13, 1913. A r I AGRICULTURAL rVr Education ^ ~ A ^ D Successful Tahmin%- SSSiEEs $ A NDfiE w 7^. |>ouix T/m /ft'partmcnl will chcerjullp enttear/u to /urnis/t <rnj/ imcrmation. l etters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president Stats Agricultural College, Athens, Oa. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE SILO A good silo is indispensable on every stock farm. This is equally as true of the south as of any other section of 'the country. Unfortunately, a mild open winter has led the southern stockman to believe that it is not as necessary for him to provide an abun dance of food for the winter as is the case in the colder latitudes. In this, however, he is mistaken, for unless animals, especially young- ones. are fed properly and kept growing uni formly they become stunted and it takes all of the next summer for them to recover from the effects of the improper feeding and malnutrition to which they were subjected the pre vious winter. The man interested in either beef or dairy animals will find it to his immediate advantage to pro vide some form of cheap, wholesome and easily digested winter feed, and after all the experiments and investi gations which have been conducted, the silo stands out as the most effi cient and cheap means of storing and preserving in a satisfactory form a winter substitute for grass. Which type of silo to build is an important problem with all who are interested in this question. Of course, a variety of structures may be erected, but only a round silo should now be built, this form having clearly dem onstrated its superiority over that ot any other which has been utilized up to the present time. Several types of round silos may be constructed. For instance, one may build a stave silo. The staves may be made from long leaf pine, white pine or cypress. A round stave silo property built will last for a good many years, and will prove entirely satisfactory, as we know 'from an extended experience. A round silo may also*be constructed by lining it inside and outside with split fencing, giving it very much the ap pearance of having been weather- boarded. Of course, acid proof paper must be used in this instance and two linings put on the inside so as to break joints. his is quite an expen sive type of structure to erect and we do not think as satisfactory in view of the high cost of lumber as some of the modified forms of concrete silo now being so extensively eercted with such satisfactory results. Where concrete is employed several types of structures may be built. For instance, a solid concrete or monolithic silo .may be constructed. This is rather an expensive type and difficult to build without employing special forms which are costly to purchase. Cement blocks have been used to some extent, the idea being to leave open air spaces in the hollow blocks. Some of these silos are quite satisfactory, but we do not think will be found so desirable as the modified form of ce ment silo now being utilized quite ex tensively in various parts of the south, and which is known as the “concrete silo on metal lath.” Quite a number of these silos have been erected in Georgia in recent years, and they have proven very satisfactory. The cost of erection has not been ex cessive; in fact, probably not greater if as great as that of a stave silo, and certainly less expensive than a solid concrete strtucture. It is pos sible that a silo of this type would not be found satisfactory north ot the Ohio river where the winters are extremely cold,, but it qertainly can be used to the best advantage in the south as we know fr^m actual obser vation and experience. •Naturally, in building a silo of any type, it is desirable to have good height above the ground. As one must have machinery to fill the silo, it is a very easy matter to secure a little additional power and elevate the silage ten to fifteen feet higher, and it is much cheaper in proportion to build a silo thirty or thirty-five feet apove the foundation rather than only two- thirds of this height. Of course, the inside diameter of the silo and its general height will be governed some what by local* conditions and by the number of animals to be provided for. The writer does not recollect in a long experience of ever having seen a silo which was too large as to capacity. In fact, nearly all of these structures are too small to provide the quantity of feed which could be used to advan tage. The foundation of the silo should be very carefully constructed. It should, as a rule, be about four feet high on the inside. A heavy concrete wall, thoroughly reinforced, is desirable, and, of course, the superstructure should be attached by rods so as to anchor it properly to the foundation. The foun dation need not be over two feet above the ground on the outside. The silo should be located as conveniently to the barn as possible. It may be situated in the middle of an extremely long barn or at one end of a relatively short one. It is important to construct it so the feed can be economically handled. In a small barn this may be done by means of a rge flaring box mounted on wheels. In a large barn it can be dis tributed by a carrier which is largely automatic in its operation. In building a concrete silo on metal lath, one of several kinds.of metal lath may be used. A No. 1 galvanized iron wire will be xound advantageous in holding the metal lath in position until the concrete is plastered on the inside and the outside. Of course, sipc-inch channel irons for the doors must be provided, while the chute majr lfe con structed of corrugated galvanized Iron. Shingles may be used for the roof, though some of the roofing material on the market, such as tin or galvanized i.-nn, will answer very we... The farm er can do all the hauling with his team when other work is not pressing. There are wet seasons occurring every year when farm labor can be employed to good advantage at work of this char acter.' To construct a silo on metal lath <*bout thirty or thirty-one feet high and sixteen feet in diameter r/ill cost any where from $325 to $375, depending much on local conditions and the amount of labor performed by the force main tained on the farm. Such a structure will call for the use of aoout forty bar rels of cement, seventeen cubic yards of sand, four, barrels of lime and one bushel of hair. At least 1,000 feet of rough lumber -"’ill be needed for the scaffolding and other necessary carpen ter work. The metal lath and the gal vanized wire required will vary some what as to cost and quantity, but about 1,600 square feet should answer the needs In this respect. The price of this material will vary from $120 to $140 or thereabout. In addition some pipe, bolts and nails will be needed. The channel iron for the doors will cost about $30, and the corrugated iron sheeting from $7 to $10. The roofing material will cost approximately $10. The labor will vary according to the locality, but exclusive of farm labor will probably require twenty days’ ser vice of masons at $4 per day. and three days time of a carpenter at $3 a day, with about twelve to fifteen days of common labor at $1 a day. In other words, the labor will cost from $100 to $120, exclusive of that provided bv farmer himself. Wh n one considers that a structure of this type will house such a large .quantity of feed and pre serve it in excellent condition, the out lay involved is certainly modest in pro portion to the benefits secured In re-, turn. No other type of structure can be erected at anything like the same cost which will store suen a large quan tity of feed. A silo of the type sug gested o a permanent investment and should last indefinitely. * • * PREPARING LAND FOR ALFALFA. W. D. H., Hartwell, Ga., writes: I wish to prepare an acre of ^land to be planted in alfalfa this fall I have re cently cut a splendid yield of oats from this land The land is a sandy loam with clay subsoil Would you apply lime now? Could I get the soli analyzed without much cost? Where can I obtain alfalfa seed? What about artificial inoculation? What do yon think of planting sorghum before alfalfa? As soon as practicable break the land in question very thoroughly, turning un der the oat stubble as completely as possible. Unless fhere is an unusually heavy and persistent fall of rain, rollfhg the land will often be advisable. This will cause the moisture to rise to the surface at once. Then harrow and seed the peas with a grain drill, using a bushel and a half to two bushels of seed per acre. The peas should be fertilized with 500 pounds of a 10-1-5, and inocu late them, If practicable to do so, un less you have grown them on this land for several years pst with success. Some time in the month of September plow the peas ujider to a good depth. This may be accomplished by rolling and disking them previous to plowing. A large two-horse plow should be used to turn them under and a chain may be attached to the coulter end of the wriffle tree which will help to drag the mass of vines down into the furrow. If the fall should happen to be dry, subsoiling the land may be of some advantage. Aft er the land has been broken compact and prepare a fine seed bed and scatter two tons of pulverized raw rock over the surface of the ground. Work this in with the harrow. Ten days to two weeks later fertilize with not less than 1,000 to 1,200 pounds of a formula, con taining 10 per cent of phosphorus, 4 per cent of nitrogen and 6 to 7 per cent of potash. Sow 20 to 30 pounds of re cleaned western seed which has been properly inoculated as soon as a favor able season is found. Seeding in your section of the State is best done from the 1st to 15th of Octo ber. It would cost you $10 to $15 to have a complete analysis of your soil made and you would have to get this done through the agency of a private chemist. The acidity of the land may be determined through the use of lit mus paper. This is a simple test, and you are no doubt familiar with it. Al falfa is a most valuable crop, it being unusually rich in protein and therefore valuable for dairy cows and other classes of stock. It is a difficult crop to-estab lish**and-to maintain on land through a series of years. Many beautiful stands are obtained to begin with, but they shortly disappear. You are acting wise ly in experimenting with a small area and learning its peculiarities. We are glad to advise with you and to encour age you In the cultivation of this crop, but it is important that you should un derstand the difficulties you will meet in the beginning and that you should proceed along conservative lines and fol low those methods of practice which ex perience has demonstrated to be es sential in order to attain success with this crop. There is no reason why you should not use an artificial culture, and you should be able to secure good seed through any reliable seed house. The planting of sorghum before alfalfa is not a desirable practice, as this is too exhaustive a crop ot the .soil. * Cowpeas or other legumes would be preferable. They act as a smother crop and also gather nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil more completely on that ac count. FEEDING HEAVY MILKERS. L. M. P., Atlanta, Ga., writes: I have two cows each with calves two weeks pld. One formerly gave throe and a half to four gallons of milk per day and now only gives 2V»; the other always gave 2% and now only gives 2 gallons a day. I give them each 0 pounds of cotton seed weal, 16 pounds hulls, two large bundles of wheat in ‘dough or green state, and fresh cured clover or barley stray or hay daily. Would like to know what is wrong with the ration? D* Handsome Soil trotrsc to our — r ffCiX. Agents Write Today. Be the one in your town to get this astounding tailoring offer. An offer to give you the swelled suit you ever saw FREE! But jou must hurry. We want a representative in your town right away. We will start you In a big money-making ■ busi- 1 ness or your own—FREE! Plenty of money and plenty of nifty clothes—for YOU—if you write AT ONCE1 No money nor experience necessary WE PAY ALL EXPRESS CHARGES Yes. we pay everything. You take no* risk. Justtakeorders for our fine clothes —made ot the most beautiful fabrics and In the latest classiest styles. Keep f your present position and make 850.00 TO 8(00.00 A WEEK on the side; or go into the business rightsnd mako$c,OoOto$5,OOGa year. PARAGON clothes sell like wtldfire. Agents swamped with orders on NEW plan. Nothing like it anywhere Write Tndnv for our ewsil samplosand _ write today complete outfit for going [ ■ right out to take orders Get our WONDERFUL NEW OFFER right now. WE PAY ALL CHARGES. Send a poet card NO W_whRe this great offer is still open. Don’t Relay—WRITE TODAY. Paragon Tailoring Co., Depil 605 , Chicago, III. mmaammmmmmyammmmmn ■ in 11 ———m A cow that gives three gallons of milk daily and keeps it up for ten months in the year is doing well. You will see at once that in such a case ;-he is yielding several thousand pounds of milk annually. The standard for a /rood dairy cow should be 5,000 pounds of milk in a lactation period. I judge from what you say that both your animals will do as well or better than this. Of course we may misunderstand each other with reference to what con stitutes a gallon. A gallon of milk weighs approximately 8 1-2 pounds. Your cows are thus giving from 20 to 32 pounds of milk a day. A cow that gives over two gallons should be fed more liberally than one which falls below this amount. The best way for you to handle this matter is to secure a meas ure marked on the inside with a little paint so that when you fill it up to a given point you know just how many pounds of feed it contains. Commence by feeding your cow five or six pounds divided into two equal feeds. Increase the ration slightly from day to day and see if there Is an increased flow of milk. You can quickly determine when you have reached the point where it will not pay you to increase the grain ration. Situated as you are it would be a good policy to feed, say one-third cotton seed meal, one-third beet pulp and one-third wheat bran. One to 1 1-2 pounds of grain may be fed to a cow in heavy flow of milk per 100 pounds of live stock weight. We would give as great a variety of roughness as possible to these cows. Green feed in the form of pasturage should be provided at all seasons of th6 year whenever practicable. In the absence of green feed hulls, . clean, bright stover and mixed haw, espe cially clover hay can be fed to advan tage. Give the cows as much rough ness as they will eat up clean but do not surfeit them with this material. * * * TROUBLE WITH STRINGY MILK. M. R. A., Dallas, Ga., writes: We have a fine Jersey cow that looks to be healthy and all right and gives a fine lot of milk and butter, but some days when we churn the milk is all water except a little settled In the bottom which is thick and lumpy I would like to know how to correct this trouble. The altered milk secretion about which you inquire is no doubt due to some more or less temporary infection of the udder of the cow in question. We would sugges that you wash and cleanse all vessels used in the milking very thoroughly. To this end they should be subjected to boiling for sever al hours and all utensils which cannot be so handled should be thoroughly scoured and rinsed with boiling water and placed in the sun for several hours each day. The udder should be care fully cleansed on the outside before milking, with an antiseptic solution, say one. part of creolin to 100 parts of water. See that the hands are clean be fore milking begins. If the trouble per sists the inside of the udder should be thoroughly disinfected with the solu tion suggested. It should then be rinsed out with clean water which has been boiled and cooled before using. Be care ful to avoid contamination. A funnel with a rubber tube and glass tip may be used for the injection. We think by following the suggestions* the trouble will disappear in a few days. * * * REPLANTING COTTON. J. F. C., Fairfax, Ga., writes: I want to know if it is too late to plant cotton. It has bene so very dry that we have very poor stands of cotton. Am replanting now. If it does not rain soon what do you think of plowing up the cotton and planting peas for hay? Can I sow peas in the corn middles and cut for hay. .1 want to plant one row of sorghum and one of peas in oat stubble for hay. We have very good stands of corn but it is small. You can not expect to make much of a cotton crop by replanting after June 1. In a very exceptional season one might do better than seems probable at first sight. Of course in your sec tion of the state you have a longer growing season and frosts do not fall so early as in the northern part and this is quite an advantage. If you have a good season in the ground and can hasten the maturity of the crop through the liberal use of phosphoric acid, it will probably be all right for you to try and replant a. part of your cotton land at least. If it shctuld fail to come on as rapidly as desirable, you can still devote the land to peas or peas and sorghum, and all you have lost is the seed and the time required to put it in the ground. The fertil izer used under the cotton crop may be helpful to the other crops you may grow for hay. The advisability of planting peas between the rows of corn depends much on the character of your soil and the distance apart of your rows. Unless these are five feet apart you will not secure much of a growth of peas unless in an exceptional season. If you put peas in between the corn It is probably well to fertil ize them with about a 10-1-5 used at the rate of 300 pounds per acre. We would drill them in as you stand a much better chance of securing a uni form stand in this way and you can economize on the seed as well. * * * PLANT FOOD REMOVED BY VARI OUS CROPS. W. W. C.. Flowery Branch, Ga., writes: We want to know the best balanced fer tilizer for corn and cotton on gray and red land. Would also like to know the amount of plant food removed by different crops. For cotton on lands in the vicinity of Flowery Branch, we would suggest the use of about an 8-3-3; if the land is sandy, an 8-3-4; and for very sandy soil an 8-3-5. Gray lands often differ from red lands probably in the fact that the iron has been leached out of the gray soil. Often these lands do not seem to vary greatly in their produc ing power and we hardly think it neces sary to use a different fertilizer for mula for each one of these types. Some times lands show a tendency to pro duce an unusual amount of stalk at the expense of fruit. In that event we would use more phosphate and probably 1-2 to 1 per cent less nitrogen. Some farmers prefer to use an 8-2-3 or 8-2-4 and then use some nitrogen in the form of a top dressing. There is no objec tion to this practice, and it often gives good results especially on lands which are very low In vegetable matter. On soils in a good state of fertility we are inclined to think that a top dress ing is not so. essential. Certainly where an abundance of vegetable matter has been turned under or yard manure used top dressings are not so important as on thin lands. We would recommed an application of 500 pounds per acre. We think 300 pounds should be put un der the drill row on thin soils and 200 pounds used as a side application. All of the fertilizer may be put under the drill row under soils in a high state of cultivation. For corn on your lands we would be inclined to recommend a 9-3.5-4; on sandy lands use 5 per cent of potash. If you have observed on any of your soils a tendency to grow stalk at the expense of grain, use as much as 10 per cent of phosphorus and not over 3 per cent of nitrogen. The same suggestions refer to corn. As pr your request, I give you below the amount of plant food removed by different crops: Nitrogen Phosphoric Potash Crop—Yield per acre. lbs. acid lbs. lbs. Cabbage—15 tons ... . .100 35 135 Clover—1.5 tons .. .. . . 00 14 Ofl Corn—30 bu. with stover 45 15 46 Cotton—300 lbs. lint with seed . . . . 21 7 10 Oats—30 bu. with straw 28 10 24 Pen nut p—40 bu. nuts. 0 8 Rve—15 bu. with straw 25 14 22 Potatoes—100 bushels . . 17 10 34 Timothy—1.5 tons .. .. 38 15 45 Tobacco—1,000 libs. of leaf .. 00 8 80 Tomatoes—5 tons ... ...10 10 28 Wheat—15 bu. with straw.. .. ... 23 12 14 DAKOTAS AMD 0BJIBWAYS WILL VIVIFY HIAWATHA NEW YORK, June 12.—One hundred and fifty Dakota and Objibway Indians front the Lake Erie reservation will vivify LongTellow’s version of the leg end of Hiawatha twice a day from to day until July 9, in the woods and fields near Vancertlandt park. The ab original actors include a squaw of nine ty years to portray the old Nokomis and a papoose strapped to a board will represent the infant Hiawatha. The pagenat is under the direction of the Woman’s Municipal league and is given for the benefit of tenement im provement, public playgrounds and for educational purposes. Among promi nent honorary committee members of the league are Colonel and Mrs. Theo dore Roosevelt, Mr. and Mrs. Seth Low and District Attorney and Mrs. Whit man. HOW TO MAKE THE BEST USE OF WHEAT STRAW Burning wheat straw is a bad prac tice and one that cannot be justified. Yet the product from a great many thousand acres are thus destroyed each season. In other instances it is al lowed to lie and rot in p^les where threshed. This is not quite as waste ful, as one spot is improved, but this really amounts to very little in keep ing up the fertility of the place. In selling straw the soil suffers just as if it is burned, but the profit from the sale may justify the loss. However, there should be several dollars profit above expenses to pay for the loss of plant food and vegetable matter in each ton. At the outset it can be decided em phatically that the straw should not be disposed of according to the first two methods, by burning and by allowing to rot in a heap. It may be sold when the net profit pays for plant food and vegetable matter that it contains. In addition to the two wrong ways under all conditions and the one wrong way under certain conditions there are sev eral right ways. The best way to use straw is for bedding stock in the barn. Another good UBe is to spread on the land and to pile in washes. Under cer tain conditions it may be fed to good advantage. The farmer who .burns wheat straw and does not bed his stock well at all times is wasting an opportunity to make money and hence is wasting money. The straw has a manurial value about as great as average manure from a plant food standpoint, and when it is properly mixed in the barn with tho droppings and saturated with the urine it has practically as great a value as an equal amount of straight manure. Thus burning the straw that could be used in bedding stock at a reasonable rate is almost equal to wasting as many pounds of manure. The plant food in a ton is worth from $2.50 to $3.00. This does not take into account the vegetable matter which is often worth as much more to the land. This does probably give the straw a greater apparent value than could be realized by spreading it on the land, but when properly mixed with manure by using it as bedding it does have a value of $2.50 to $5 per ton. This is based on the re sults of tests with manure in produc ing farm crops. The Ohio experiment station, found by test that manure had a value of the above figures in raising grajns, grasses and clovers. Straw has a value as bedding that is greater than its manurial value. It ab sorbs liquid manure and prevents loss. The liquid part is worth as much as the solid part of manure and is needed to make more available the whole. Some of the liquid is lost in any stable unless the floor is water tight, but the loss is greatest when no bedding is used and the droppings are cleaned out often. By the right use of bedding a large part of the valuable liquid can be saved. The credit of this saving belongs to the straw. Just what it is worth as an ab sorbent and as a manure is difficult to say, but certainly far too much to be wasted by burning or by allowing to rot in heaps or to sell for a low price. Straw has a value as a manure when spread on the land from the thresher or from the stack. This has been proven by tests at experiment stations and by practical farmers. When spread on land subject to wash ing it helps wonderfully in holding the soil. When it decays it adds to the fertility* By this double service it often makes possible the securing of clover on washed places where a stand would not be secured without any treatment. Sometimes the best catch of clover in the field is on the barren spots that have been treated with a moderate coat of wheat straw. Some few farmers practice spreading straw lightly over rye or oates to in sure a stand of .clover. Usually it will increase the yield of grain although its use on ,wheat is attended with more uncertainty. A good place to spread the straw to manure corn or other summer crops is on wheat or other grain stubble land as soon as practicable after threshing. If a green manure crop is to precede the corn or other cultivated crop, the straw might be plowed under if the soil is full of moisture, and if several weeks are to intervene between plowing under the straw and planting the green ma nure crop. Often the better way would be to spread the straw over the crop after it is sown in the fall, especially on the thin places and where most lia ble to wash. The rains soon settle the straw down close to the ground and here it keeps moist much of the time and begins decaying. By the time it has lain on the ground three to six months it has decayed enough that it rots very quickly after under. The feeding value of straw is very low. There is some nutriment in it, but this is so hard to get out that often the total value is lost. However, when fed wisely some straw may be used to good advantage. Cattle that are being carried through the winter on a main tenance ration or a little better can profitably use some. Horses on light work or idle horses may be fed a part ration of straw. In fact, in some sec tions bright straw is the main rough- age for horses. When this is the case the grain ration must be very nutri tious and rich in muscle making mate rial. Sometimes cattle are allowed to run around a straw stack for their liv ing through the winter. If they are not too young they will always survive, but lose flesh and go on the grass looking rough and thin. As a make shift it may be used, but should not be the entire ration if better hay can be supplied for a part of the feed—L. R. Neel, in Southern Agriculturist. Fine Burbank Potatoes Are Selling in Chicago At 16 1-2 Cents Bushel CHICAGO, June 10.—The high cost of living received a jolt yesterday when old white Burbank potatoes were offer ed in Chicago at 16 1-2 cents a bushel, the lowest price in the memory of local dealers. A year ago these potatoes were selling at $1.00 anfl $1.15 a bush el. The potatoes offered yesterday were shipped from Minnesota at a time when the maraet price was Detween 80 and 90 cents. The consignees put the price down to 40, 30. 20 and finally to 16 1-2 cents, which barely paid the freight charges, but still there were no takers. Consumers are paying 18 and 20 cents a peck to retailers for old potatoes and sales to the public by shippers in the railroad yards were planned today. SAYS FIRST CAR RIDE COST HER JUST $19.55 NEW YORK, June 12.—Marionetti Madia found that her first street car ride in this country cost her $19.55, ac cording to her complaint to the police. She and two other immigrant girls just off a steamer from Italy ventured to board a cross-town car last night. Two girls offered Italian silver for their fares and it was accepted while Mari onetti declares she handed the conduc tor a gold piece worth $20 and re ceived only forty-five cents change. An interested man passenger believed the girls protests and helped to cause the arrest of the conductor, William Curtin, who is held on a charge of larceny. CULTIVATING THE CORN CROP FOR BEST RESULTS The more intelligent and progressive farmers are ready to give heed to, any practical suggestion regarding the best methods of crop culture. On the other hand, the nonprogressive class of farm ers are satisfied with the information they already possess on culture and care of growing crops, and fail to appreciate the importance of a study of soil man agement and the intricacies entering into its manipulation. The crop which should now receive the farmers’ closest attention is the * corn crop.- It has reached a period in its growth when a mistake made in its cul ture would result in heavy loss. The farmer can illy afford to make mistakes in the cultivation of any of his crops, but it is specially important that none be made in the culture of his corn crop. There is not enough corn raised In this state to supply home demands and the acreage yield is entirely too low. It should be the aim of every farmer to increase his crop of corn by increasing the acreage yield. This can be easily done if the farmer will adopt and follow practical methods of culture. The cultivation of the corn crop should begin with the preparation of the land. A proper seed bed Is essential to proper germination of the seed. Proper germina tion is essential to a good stand. The land properly prepared and a good stand of corn should be followed by proper management of the soil. The latter is as important as the former. The corn crop is too far advanced for us to offer any suggestion regarding its earliest treatment. But its culture from this time to maturity is worth consider ing. The corn plant has an extensive root system. These roots do not pene trate deep into the soil. It can readily be seen what would happen to these roots if the soil was plowed deep at this stage of the crop’s development. The plow or cultivator should not be per mitted to enter the soil deeper than is necessary to destroy the young weeds and grass and to form a soil mulch. It is a mistaken idea that corn should only be plowed to kill the weeds and grass. It is necessary that this be done, but the prime object of culture should be to aerate the soil to keep up a soil mulch, to conserve the soil waters and to make the plant food vailable to the plant. Conserving the moisture in the soil not only supplies the corn rootlets with water, but this moisture mhkes so luble the plant food, enabling the little rootlets to absorb it, thus keeping the plant in vigorous condition. Air and water are necessary to the growth of all plants. They not only contribute to their substance, but reduce organic matter to its mineral elements and a soluble condition by effecting a disintegrating and solvent action on the mineral particles that the soil contains. Consequently the more the surface of the soil is broken and stirred, the more moisture is absorbed by it, and the more the circulation of the air is affected by it. Frequent stirring of the soil also hastens maturity. We have stated that the corn plant has an extensive fibrous root system. These roois should never be u.sturU by cultivation. A system of* culture that destroys these fibrous roots is a vicious system. Plant physiologists tell us that each of these fibrous roots support a large number of root hairs whose mis sion is to absorb water with the fdod. materials it contains. That these root hairs greatly increase the absorbing surface of the roots, just as leaves in crease the absorbing surface of the plant above ground. These hair roots are but elongated cells. As the corn roots ad vance through the soil by growth, new root hairs are formed and the old ones perish so that only the young and tender part of the growing roots possess these root hairs. These root hairs are the plant’s feeders. Without them there can' be no life and vigor in a plant. Destroy ing them devitalizes the plant to the ex tent oft he number of destroyed. It can be readily understood then how im portant that in cultivating the corn crop none of these root hairs be disturbed. We have often seen a promising corn crop destroyed by deep culture at the "laying by” plowing. It takes some time for lacerated and cut rootlets to recover and form new root hairs. If a dry sea son should follow a deep plowing of a corn crop the yield will be greatly re duced. A mere stirring of the surface soil is all that will be necessary in corn culture after the plant is once thoroughly estab lished. If this system of corn culture is adopted by the Texas corn growers the corn yield will be greatly increased and the labor of production lessened. AL will admit that these things are desira ble. 8,000 Business Men Become Road Makers And Build Highway ALPENA, Mich., June 12—Eight thou sand business and professional men and farmers In northeastern Michigan yes terday made road laborers of themselves and constructed more than 250 miles of roadway between Bay City and Macki naw City. Where there had been at sunrise mile after mile of corduroy road, sand holes and swamps, nightfall found un almost unbroken stretch of graveled highway. The new road forms a part of the state highway from Detroit to Macki naw City. The section built yesterday passes through forty-eight townships in the counties of Bay Arenac, Ogemaw, Iosco, Alpena, Alcona, Presque Isle and Cheboygan. Four thousand teams and 750 auto mobiles participated in the great bee. The women of the country also did a share of the work, 2,500 of them being engaged in the task of feeding tho workers. Butter contains water and salt Cottolene is 100% shortening GRIFFIN PATRONS ASK PROTECTION FROM TRAINS Petition Says Trains Arrive on Three Parallel Tracks at Same Time (Special IDispatch to The Journal.) GRIFFIN, Ga., June 12—The situation regarding the safety of people alighting from trains at the Griffin depot has reached such an acute stage that a peti tion has been sent in by the citizens of Griffin, to the railroad commission, in which the request is made that the com mission force the railway company to provide protection. At the depot at 9 o’clock every morn ing three passenger trains are discharg ing and receiving passengers at the same time. Only a day or so ago Miss Bessie Greer, aged sixteen, was caught between the Southern and Central tracks, when trains were moving on each track, and knocked unconscious by the Southern train. • When you buy butter for cooking purposes, you are paying for 25% waterand salt; you get but 75% real shorten ing value. In Cottolene you get 100% shortening. Cottolene costs much less than good butter—and gives just as good results in short ening and frying. Cottolene is as cheap or cheaper than lard—gives better results — and is absolutely healthful, which is more than can be said of lard. Cottolene is I economical, I because one- third less is re quired than of either butter or lard. THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY Fish Bite Like Hungry Wolves. Fill your Net* r Trot Lines If you bait with . lives. Fill Traps or Trot Lines if yoi Magic-fish-litre, Best bait, ever used for est bait, ever used for attracting all kinds of fish. Write for price list to-day and get a btox to help k introduce It. Agents wanted. *1. F. GREGORY, Dept, fl St. Louts, Mo* BUGGIES CENTURY BUGGIES are built lor hard service. The best of material and workmanship used throuf bout—crety detail of construction and finlih rigidly inspected and teited. Every Vehicls Guaranteed lor 3 Year#. We Sell Direct to the Veer—cut out all middlemens profits and save you $25.00 to $45.00. _ _ ' EASY PAYMENTS ON ALL VEHICLES V Pay for your buggy while you use it. Butty ahewn here—triple auto scat, latest model, highest quality— retail value $100.00 to $125.00. Our prices range from $29.50 up; $10.00 down and $5.00 a month—guaranteed to please or your money back. Write for Freight Paid Prices. Year credit is good—write for Fata cataloja allowing full line of Bu||ies, Surreys and Farm Wa|oos. We make a fine ling of HARNESS—and tell 1» at lowest price. A *v for Catalog. CENTURY MANUFACTURING C0.,DepU34, East St. Louis.m. or Dept. 334, 200 Fifth Ate., Njw York Citv. 3L 3YEAR GUARANTEE AVIATORS BEGIN RACE FOR THE_P0MMERY CUP PARIS, June 12.—The leading- French aviators started this morning in the competition for the semi-annual pom- mery cup, whicji goes to the aviator making the longest flight across coun try from sunrise to sunset on the day during which period he may stop as often as he likes to replenish fuel. Marcel G. Brindepone des Moulinas ascended at dawn from Villacoublay, near Paris, and flew in the direction of Wadsaw, Russian Poland, while Ernest Francois Guillaux left Biarritz on the Spanish frontier at the same time, fly ing in a northerly direction. Cartridges for the National Shoot As a result of the tests recently con ducted by the Government Board of Ex perts to select the ammunition to be used at the coming big International shoot to be held at Camp Perry in August and September, Winchester rifle and revolver cartridges have added another big tri umph to their long list. On account of their superior shooting in the 300 Meter test, Winchester rifle cartridges will be used by the expert riflemen of the world who take part in the International Matches, and Winchester revolver car tridges will be tised in the National Matches to be held about the same time. In the tests of revolver ammunition, Win chester cartridges not only outshot all other makes, but made a new World’s Record for accuracy.—(Advt.) AGENTS $24 A WEEK It. M. King Mad* $46 in 6 Days An engine^ ^ best adapted for your work is the^ „ engine you can depend ^ on—capable of heavy and ^ steady work every day and"" with less upkeep in cost. Cola’s JSnginec are the result of more than ImT* _ years experience and sucoese. Their wonderful dur-^ _ ability-actual economy ot fuel-their high grade mater- _ ial--skilled workm anehlp-tbelr constant and reliable per-^ _ Said am a menu me guarantee /ornMwae# fires you the utmost In power and the neatest Ta i u ^ * * jnengines your mdney can buy. Compact and hare balanced valves. ’ If you will make a comparison with any other engine, you Y ,wlll find its superiority at once. All these are things to look 1 for-that count In buying an engine. Don’t buy an engine until you have Investigated the Cole. \ Write today for catalogue and full information regarding out special engine offer. Do this now. R. D. COLE MANUFACTURING CO., BIG BOOK FREE Box K NEWNAN, GA.. 98 cents To advertise oor buaintM, make new friend* end Introduce our greet eels logueof Elfin watches we will seud till* elegant watch to any audryss bj , mail postpaid for Only ®8 oonie. Regular gentlemen'e else, open fees full engraved, high grade gold plate finish, Arabic or Roman dial, lever es oepement, stem wind and stem set, a marvelously correct timekeeper ant /fully Guaranteed for 6 Years. Bend this advertisement to us with youf name and address and 88 cents and watch will be eent by return mall poe# 'paid. Satisfaction guaranteed or money rofunded. Remember, 98 cents is post ' >ly all you have to pay for this wonderful watch. Send 98 cents today. Addresf E.CHALMERS & CO. 688 So. Dearborn St. CHICAGO IS IN ONE Foreed steel. Patented. Low priced. Sells to auto owners, farmers, mechanics in the shops and tho home. Not sold in stores. No competition. Sales easy. Big profits. Ten-inch sample to workers. Write at once. THOMAS TOOL CO., 2383 West Sf., Dayton, Ohm [ will lendyou a VIC 1'OR Talking Machine ~ orVlCTSOLA em for a trial in your own home. You need not 9-nd me E •:.c cent. I will rend you a genuine) Victor or Victrola f one you may choose from ny complete Free cat&- { I 11 if after trial you decide to keep it, I will sell it to you I o lcrm3 of my rr.;y payment plan, and for not one cent g more than you would pay for a cash purchase. If you de- 1 cide that you don’t want it jnct notify me and K k send it back at ny expense. The rir!: 13 r.M. v mine. I trust you. Write to-day for my f proposition. p EX£R GOODWIN, Pres., | Goodwin Mercantile Co., £19 ectnrv Bldv. , c ». |,asU. Mo. | it Farmer’s Favorite $1^2 The Three Leading Papers for only One Dollar and this pair of Gold Handled Shears FREE Sign your name and ad dress to Coupon below and send to us withOne Dollar and we will send you THE SEMI- IQ „ , WEEKLY JOURNAL *0 Months Tb. Blffg-.it B.w.paper In tbs South. Home and Farm 12 Months Th« Biggest and Old.it Farm Journal In th. south. Woman’s World Magazine 12 Months Most Widely Circulated M&ff&zi&o in tli# Word. and the Gold Handled Shears FREE Name . . Postoffice R. F. IX.. State