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6 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA.. FRIDAY, JULY 11, 1913. AGRICULTURAL Education Successful fARMiN%- s^EPAiMwftSouil This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any Information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew U. Soule, president Stats Agricultural CoUege. Athens. Go. CULTIVATING THE COWPEA Few crops can be grown to greater advantage by the southern farmer than the cowpea. Its one great advantage lies in its universal adaptability to dif ferent soils and climatic conditions prevailing in a country of such wide extent as is comprised in the southern states. Given a fair chance this'crop is equally at home in the coastal plains and in the elevated table lands of the Piedmont section. It does well on clay loam and sandy soils provid ed proper care is exercised in its culti vation. At this season of the year thousands of acres of land are being seeded to cowpeas. and it is impor tant that the farmer give consideration to certain factors concerning the man agement of the crop which will deter mine in large measure the results of his harvest. In the first place, the land should be prepared with care, which means that in most cases it,will pay to plow it. There is a prevailing opinion that simply disking the land or scratching it over in any sort of a way so as to cover the peas into the ground is all that is necessary. Observation now extending over a period of twenty years shows that results from this method are very unsatisfactory in about nine years out of ten. The broadcasting of cowpeas is also to be condemned. The chances are that about one-half to two-thirds of a stand will be ob tained and crab grass, ragweed and various other plants will occupy the balance of the land. The hay derived from the crop will be dirty and unsat isfactory,. and moreover, when fed to live stock it simply results in filling the manure full of weed seeds which makes the cutivation of other crops the more difficult. The wise farmer will therefore pre pare his land for peas by breaking it thoroughly. The work may be done rap idly as deep plowing is probably not essential or advisable at this season of the year. A gang plow can be used to great advantage on a farm where there is an adequate amount of horse or mule power. On the smaller farm the turning plow must of necessity be relied upon. As soon as the land is turn- j ed it is important that it be harrowed : so as to secure a fine level surface and , prevent the escape of moisture. Har rowing will be a great advantage when the time of cutting arrives, as all know from expperience who have tried to cut peas on rough. Seed the peas pre ferably in drills. Any planter in which the plate has been properly ad justed may be used for this purpose. When sown in rows twenty-four inches apart a bushel of seed will be sufficient. If planted with a grain drill in rows, say 8 to 16 inches apart, more seed should be used. Peas are frequently sown after oats, and if a good yield has been obtained the land should be fairly well fertilized, for while oats are not a hard crop on the land, they are likely to utilize most of the read ily available plant food in the surface area of the soil. Peas are different from oats in that they require more of the mineral constituents as phosphorus and potash. If grown on land which is . properly inoculated they can gather their own nitrogen from the air. It sown on land where they have not been cultivated before artificial inoculation with soil or with a specially prepared culture is often desirable. When sown on land low in nitrogen a little of this element can often be put in the fer tilizer to some advantage, say 1 per On all soils potash should be used with a fair degree of liberality, and especially is this true of loamy and sandy soil. An examination of some of the type soils of Georgia shows that our sandy lands in particular are very tow in potash, and undoubtedly this is frequently a limiting factor in the pro duction of a satisfactory crop of cow peas, whether grown for hay or for grain In our own experience an appli cation of 300 pounds of an 8-1-4 has proven advantageous on clay soils. On sandy lands a 9-1-6 or 9-1-7 will prob ably be a good formula to use. Mini mum applications for clay lands will ' run from 200 to 400 pounds per acre, and for sandy lands from 300 to 500 pounds. The fertilizer should be put in the soil when the crop is seeded, as there is no way to apply it advan tageously to cow peas later in the growing season, and, moreover, the crop should be given as much time as possible to utilize the plant food con stituents applied in commercial form. The nitrogen used may be ^ de rived front one of several sources on the market. The cheapest form should generally be selected, other things being equal. The phopshoric acid may be derived from either mineral or an imal by-products such as bone or an- make little difference as to whether muriate, kainit or other forms of potash be selected for this crop. In cultivating cow' peas it will often be found advantageous to apply lime in the form of the finely pulverized rock, sav at the rate of one ton per acre. The lime should be broadcasted over the ground as soon as it -is plowed and worked in with a harrow. It is best to let a few days elapse before seed ing the peas, and certainly before the application of commercial fertilizer. Lime of itself is only an indirect plant food, though it may and often does supply calcium, which is an essential element of growing crops. Particularly is this true of legumes, and hence, where lime is applied in the rotation, it can often be used to the best advan tage on a crop such as cow peas. Lime also helps to sweeten the soil and favors the growth and development of the bacteria, which live in the little nodules on the root sof leguminous crops and enable them to assimilate the nitrogen which they need out of the air. It is for this reason that legumes are so important as soil builders, and it emphasizes why this crop should be so widelv cultivated throughout the south. Even where the farmer finds he has an abundance of roughness, he rhould still lend every effort to seed- vne as much of his land as possible to cow peas. In fact, this crop should be planted up to the 15th of July as a means of covering the soil, enriching It and preparing it the better for seed ing to some fall cover crop such as one of the cereals or some of the winter growing legumes might constitute. LATE APPLICATIONS OF FERTI LIZER TO COTTON. M. B., Stephens, Ga.. "writes: tVe wish to know if it will pay to apply some guano to our cotton now. The land was well broken with a two-horse plow, opened out with a two-horse middle breaker, the furrow being about half filled with manure. We put a subsoil plow in as dep as we could run it. We then put in 400 pounds of an 8-3-3 guano and planted the cotton on the level. We were late in getting a stand but it tis growing off nicely now. How much fertilizer would you use In a side applica tion? M/snij HARVESTER with Binder Attach- OwAwjW ment cuts and throws in piles on harvester or winrow. Man and horse cuts and shocks equal with a corn Binder. Sold in every state. Trice *‘-’0.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johns town. Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me over *25.00 In labor last year’s corn cutting. I cut over 500 shocks: will make 4 bushels corn to a shock.” Testimonials and catalog free, showing pictures of harvester. Address NEW PROCESS MEG. 00., Salina, Kansas The preparation given your land is certainly to be commended, and you used a very good grade of fertilizer for soils of the type in question. The fact that yqu prepared this land well and your cotton, even though late, is now growing off nicely, shows that the seed bed is in excellent condition. So long as favorable weather conditions pertain and your cotton continues to grow rapidly, it would hardly seem advisable to use additional fertilizer. Probably, however, about the first of July if the weather should turn dry, a little additional fertilizer will be help ful, and we would suggest that you try 200 pounds per acre as a side applica tion. This may be put on close to the drill row or scattered down the mid dles and worked well into the surface soil with a cultivator. We would sug gest that in a side application you use if practicable about an 8-4-4. We think it rather important that nitrogen in creases the yield of both corn and cot ton, though it also runs up the cost. We are studying this question now on the test plats located in a large number of counties throughout the state and hope to have some definite advice to offer in the future. We think our soils are not dissimilar to those you are cul tivating. We have applied our side ap plications somewhat earlier as a rule, than suggested in this instance, but we appreciate the fact that the crop is late this year. * * * OAT STRAW AS A ROUGHAGE. G. B., Augusta, Ga., writes: I would like some information as to the relative value of oat straw as a roughage as "com pared with our native grasses. Oat straw contains the following di gestible nutrients: Dry matter 90.8 per cent, crude protein 1.3 per cent, carbohydrates 39.5 per cent, fat 8 per cent. Oat straw is richer in protein than the straw derived from other cereals. It also contains more fat and about the same relative proportion of carbohydrates. Bermuda grass contains 6.4 per cent of digestible protein, 44.9 per cent of carbohydrates and 1.6 per cent of fat. Johnson grass contains 2.9 per cent of protein, 45.6 per cent of carbohydrates and 8 per cent of fat. Oat hay, that is, including the grain cut when in the late dough stages con tains 4.7 per cent of protein, 36.7 per cent of carbohydrates and 1.7 per cent of fat. Orchard grass hay contains 4.9 per cent of crude protein, 42.4 per cent of carbohyrates and 1.4 per cent of fat. Timothy cut when in Tull bloom contains 3.4 per cent of protein, 43.3 per cent of carbhoydrates and 1.4 per cent of fat. This will give you some idea of the relative merits of oat straw and the hay derived from some of the more import ant of the tame grasses. You will see that while there is not wide variation in the per cent of carbohydrates, there is considerable difference in the fat and quite a marked difference in the pro tein content. As horses are rather mus cular animals and require a consider able amount of protein in their ration, and as this must be derived from foods which are not too bulky in character owing to the rather limited capacity of the digestive organs of the horse, you will see that the hay from the tame grasses would be preferable to oat straw. Of course, oat straw could be used in moderate amounts as a filler in a sense, but Its value as a foodstuff would be determined largely by Its cost. * * * ESTABLISHING ALFALFA. A. C. S., Waycross, Ga., writes: I would like all tho information you can give me in regard to the starting and care of alfalfa. My lnad Is in splendid state of cultivation and free of weeds. The litmus test shows the need of lime. Can I get inoculated soil In this state or would bacteria from Wash ington do as well? The land is fairly well drained 1 and is of the Norfolk or Portsmouth fine sand type. In our experience the successful culti vation of alfalfa depends on putting the land in thorough condition before plant ing and exercising unusual care and skill in its management thereafter. Al falfa is a splendid crop and should be grown wherever possible, as it is very rich in digestible nutrients and may be substituted in a measure for such a fine concentrate as wheat corn. It is a dif ficult crop to grow In the southeastern states. The last census indicates that it was only being grown on 182 farms, out of 291.000 In the state and a little over 1,000 tons were produced that year, worth $10,000. We have a very fine test plat of alfalfa on the farm. Our meth od of preparing the land was to plow it deeply, subsoil thoroughly, lime free ly, Inoculate the land artificially, and then fertilize liberally. This land was prepared for planting to alfalfa through the turning under of a heavy crop of cowpeas. We would suggest that you sow cowpeas on the land immediately, turning them under in September. Use on the cowpeas not less than 500 pounds of a 10-1-5 formula. After the peas are turned under apply finely ground lime stone rock at the rate of two tons per acre. The lime should be scattered and harrowed Into the surface of the ground. Then secure the best recleaned western seed possible and sow at the rate of 25 pounds per acre after having inocu lated it with a special culture which you can secure from the United States department of agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fertilize the land with 1,000 pounds of a 10-4-7. About ten days should elapse between putting on the lime and fertilizer. We would seed the alfalfa whenever there was a favorable season during the fall of the year, though it is probably best not to seed before the 1st to 15th of October. If you secure a good stand the alfalfa may be cut for hay the next year. One of the great troubles in growing alfalfa successfully in Georgia is to keep crab grass in check. One can often secure a fine stand and may get good crops for a year or two; then the crab grass and other weeds creep in and the alfalfa be gins to die out and presently the stand has become so poor as to necessitate the breaking up of the land and reseed ing or its devotion to other crops. In our experience here at Athens, liming, gubsoiling and inoculating with proper fertilization gave a yield from the first cutting of 1.8 tons of alfalfa. Where the land was not limed or subsoiled the yield was .48 of a ton. We are doing all in our power to study out methods by which this very important crop may be grown more successfully and economically by Georgia farmers, and COST OF PRODUCTION RATHER THAN THE AMOUNT PRODUCED BY N. S GOTTSCHAIL. It seems very strange that even at the present day, when the farmer has great opportunities to become familiar with more scientific methods of farm ing, so many dairymen are feeding and otherwise managing their herds the same as hheir fathers and perhaps grandfathers did. Not long ago I came across a man who Is looked upon by his neighbors as a successful dairy farm man be cause he produces a comparatively large quantity of milk from his herd. Dur ing the course of our conversation I found that he was not realizing any profit from his cows, but instead he was feeding them at a loss. He made the statement that at the end of some months he finds the cost of the feed has exceeded the receipts for the milk, while during the remaining months of the year the profits are only large enough to make up for the losses, so that at the end of the year he finds that he has not been paid for his labor and some of the crops fed to his cattle in the form of roughage. Similar cases may be found all over the country, and yet in a great number of these cases the dairy herd is the cnief source of income. The majority of the farmers never stop to figure out the cost of produc tion but strive to produce the largest amount possible regardless of cost. Such haphazard feeding is not due entirely to a lack of knowledge on the part of the feeder, but because of his unwilling ness to put into practice that which he does know. The writer is personally acquainted with two dairymen living in the same community. One is netting large prof its 'from his herd while the other one is not making any profits at all, but instead is actually keeping his cows at a loss when the milk only is taken into consideration. The successful one is feeding balanced rations while the un successful one feeds whatever he hap pens to have on hand or can buy at the most convenient market regardless of its analysis. Many more such examples might be given, but this one will suffice to bring out the point I wish to make, that by the application of more scientific meth ods of feeding larger profits can be reaped ahd besides herds that are not profitable under the present system of management may be made to yield profit able returns when properly fed. As has been stated above, it is not alone the amount of milk produced but the cost of the production as well that the farm er should look to. The average farmer is unable to give any figures in regard to the cost of production for the simple reason that he has never made any attempts to find out. Paper and pencil are as necessary to the dairymen as any of the utensils used in handling the dairy products. Right at this point there is an op portunity for the farmer to get the boys interested in the farm. Why not let them figure out what the cost of production is. providing they are able to do so? Most boys would be only too glad to have the opportunity to do this, and yet how many farmers’ sons are given a chance to become interested in this way This will not only arouse the boys’ interest in farm work, but will be a good training as well. It is interesting to note how dis satisfied most^ farmers feel when their milk yield decreases somewhat after they have been persuaded, by some more up-to-date farmer, to give tne scientific methods of feeding a trial. If at this point the feeder can be made to understand thata it is more profit able to produce a smaller amount at a considerable profit than to produce a large amount at very little or no profit, then he will Invariably adopt the newer and more profitable meth od. If, however, as is sometimes found to be the case, he cannot be convinced that it pays best to feed according to scientific principles, then he will all the more hold on to the old method which will leave him in the same old rut. It is not always true that the yield of milk is decreased when scientific methods in feeding are adopted, but when the animals have been forced before the change was made there is generally a slight decrease, still the profits are greater under the new method because the cost of produc tion is greatly reduced. The present day farmer has no ex cuse for not feeding according to scientific principles when he can ob tain so much valuable Information along these lines from dairy papers, books and the bulletins and reports of the experiment station from the state in which he lives. P. 0. COMMITTEE URGES MRS.JHAM FOR PLACE Senate Probe Declares Mrs. Longstreet Efficient, but Rec ommends New Postmaster WASHINGTON, July 10.—The senate committee considering the nomination of Mrs. H. W. J. Ham for postmaster at Gainesville. Ga.,’in place of Mrs. Hel en D. Longstreet, has made a report that Mrs. Longstreet was “efficient, cap able and satisfactory as postmaster.” The report includes a letter from Post master General Burleson stating that in the naming of a successor, Mrs. Long- street’s efficiency was not taken into question. Mrs. Longstreet testified before the committee that she had no objection to the confirmation of Mrs. Ham. but mere ly wished to be vindicated of any charge of poor management of the postoffice. in e committee last night recom mended the confirmation of Mrs. Ham, but it was delayed on objection of Sen ator Townsend until the report of the committee's investigation had been printed. hope to have some definite informa tion to give out as time elapses. * * SUGGESTIONS ABOUT TERRACING. A. C. J., Forsyth, Ga., writes: I want some Information in regard to terraces. I understand that there is a form of terrace which is laid off with a fall of one or two per cent so as to carry the water gently from the field. The bank is cultivated as other parts of the field, the rows being run approximately on the level. This form of terrace would obviate the unsightly rows of weeds and bushes one now seeds. Would like your opinion of this form of terrace. It is desirable, of course, in cultivat ing land to have as few terraces as pos sible. These should be as broad and nearly level as practicable, and should have a uniform though very moderate slope so that the water will run off them slowly and not accumulate at one point and thus cause the terrace to cut or break through. The more we utilize big plows and a larger type of mules and horses, the less the number terraces it will be necessary for us to maintain. We use no special kind of terrace on the college farm. We have simply taken a level and laid off the terraces where they seemed absolutely necessary on as nearly a uniform grade as possi ble, and left behind them a ditch of suf ficient width and depth to carry off a heavy fall of rain. By deep plowing we have been able to eliminate about two-thirds of the terraces that were for merly deemed necessary on this farm and we know that we are troubled less with washing and erosion now than ever before. Of course, occasionally a very heavy and dashing rain will break through the terrace, but this is the ex ception and not the rule. The important thing about a terrace is to have it prop erly laid off and you should have a com petent surveyor or engineer to do this work. Realizing the importance of work of this kind, we are endeavoring to emphasize it as completely as possi- bel through courses offered the young men of Georgia who are entering the College of Agriculture. ♦ * * SOWING CRIMSON CLOVER. J. C. H., Quartz, Ga., writes: I have about two acres of black loose loamy land from which I have just harvested an ex cellent crop of rye. Now I am contemplat ing turning sabl piece of land, preparing and sowing In crimson clover. Will this .♦operation at this time of ygar injure the fertility of the soil ns I am thinking of sowing to crimson clover about July 15, 1913. CLARKE AMENDMENT WILL HURT SPOT COTTON TRADE If Cotton Merchant Could Not Protect Himself by Hedges, He Would Offer Lower Prices The senators and representatives in Wash ington should realize that the cotton markets and cotton exchanges are not used as a rule by the planter except where he is a very large producer, but the markets through the exchanges afford a basis of price for large and small producer alike and without this basis of price the small farmer could not sell his three, five or twenty bales of cotton exeept at the arbitrary price of the buyer in the small town. The man who produces these small number of hales each year has no need for a market except for him to gauge the value of his sta ple and to help him to know what the general price is over the country, and what his neigh bors are selling for. but the cotron exchanges of America have their very important fun.'.trs as a basis of protection and Insurance to those who are buying the few number of bales from each farmer until the aggregate for I he day’s purchases in a busy season will reach 100, 500 or probably 1.000 bales. The small merchant, the cotton buyer or the exporter who r.coi n.u- lates his cotton in this way is able to sell <re tracts on the New York or New Orleans ex- he is able to effect a sale either to the Amer- he is able to cfect a sale either to the Amer ican spinners, who use as r«n average nboit one- third of this crop or to the foreign spinners « ho use about two-thirds of the American crop If this small local cotton merchant or factor could not protect himself by hedges against spot cotton which he is buying, wnen he did not b?ve an order for that cotton, h - won'. 1 he obliged to offer lower prices to the r armer than he could afford to pay when be knows lie can jet effective insurance. The same thing applies to the mill man wl o makes contracts ahead for the output of bis mill. He sells n small hill of cools Here and another small bill elsewhere, but he has rot got the cotton to fill these contracts, lie in sures himself by buying contracts on tne differ ent exchanges until he can iocire the grrdes of cotton necessary until lie can fill these con tracts. thus the exchanges are used largely for legitimate protection and insurance. While,of course, there is some speculation, it is this speculation which makes the teal mar ket at all times. The speculator is the skirmish line of battle which rnther feels than fb.es the price. They will take chances that »i man handling his actual commodity wm 1 hesitate to take, therefore the broadness of the markets is helped* by the speculator so that large amounts of transactions in the shape of hedges can he effected without wide fluctuations, hut if this speculation is eliminated the fluatuartons must necessarily he very wide, th9*efire vldle you say the protests should come from the Ran ter, the planter is not the man who directly uses this market, though he oenofbR by It In a general way more than anyone Interested in the American cotton industry t.nd !.o should realize that the cotton exchange is his friend; The adoption of the Clarke amendment w.uld eliminate the functions of the American cotton exchanges and place the making of a rotten market for the world in the hands < t Li’ er pool and Bremen through which practically two- thirds of the American crop is used. Germany abolished future trading some years ago but feeling that her people were at a dis advantage by having no market, has ;e«.«.ntly re-established future trading in Bremen. The elimination of cotton exchanges in Amer ica would mean that there would he no quo tations generally distributed throughout lie cot ton belt in every little town, hanlet arid (kjs roads: The markets would come from Liverpool and Bremen. The big exporter would have his market by cable while the small farmer would sell his cotton without knowing the facts and the state of the market which he now gets by active competition, he it through speculation or through hedging, hut the American exchanges are the basis for his information. Destroy them and he is in the dark. Prof. Emory, of Washington, in hie report dealt at length on this subject. While this is a hurriedly written article, 1 may give you some ideas or points to enlarge on in your effort to bring Influence to bear against adoption of the Clarke amendment. There is no objection to your turning your rye stubble as completely and quickly as possible, but we do not think it advisable to seed crimson clover as early as the 15th of July. On an ex ceptionally moist piece of soil and where conditions are very favorable, you might secure a stand, but in our experience it has not been desirable to seed crimson clover before the 15th of September to the 1st of October. We think the sum mer heat will injure the young clover; at least in some experiments made by us this has proven to be the case. We should prefer to put this land irFcow peas at once and either cut off for hay or turn under as circumstances seem to make advisable. There will be ample time to do this and secure a crop of hay and still devote the land to crimson clo ver. The peas should be fertilized say with 300 pounds of a 10-1-4 and the same formula will be found helpful on the clover. Crimson clover is essential ly a fall and winter growing crop. Further north they segd it sometimes in the corn at the last cultivation, but the season is not so hot there during the summer as in Georgia. We think you will gain much more in the way of feed and at the same time improve 3 r our land by sowing the peas and fol lowing with clover than to try to plant clover at this time, WINTER WHEAT CONDITION ON JULY FIRST WAS 81.6 WASHINGTON, July 9.—The first Idea of the size this year of the country’s greatest crop- corn—was given today when the department of agriculture issued its report showing the acreage, condition and estimate of the number of bushels of corn which condition neporte in dicate will be produced. More definite figures as to the size of the great wheat crop, expect ed to be the second largest ever gathered, also were given, as wel las toe first idea of the size of the potato, tobacco and rice crops. Details of the acreage, condition, on July 1, an dlndlcaled acre yield and total production, Interpreted from condition reports, of the vari ous crops follow: WInterWheat—Area planted, 30,938,000 acres, compared with 26,571,000 acres last year. Con dition 81.6 per cent of a normal, compared with 83.5 per cent on June 1, 73.3 per cent on July 1, last year, and 79.9 per cent, the 10-year average, on July 1. Indicated yield 15.6 bush els per acre, compared with 15.1 bushels last rear and 15.2 bushels, the average i‘6r the past five voars. Estimated total production 483,- 000,000 bushels, compared with 399,919,000 bush els last year, 430,050,000 bushels in 1911, 434 - 142,000 bushels in 1910 and 418,000,000 bushels in 1909. Spring Wheat—Area planted, 18,G63,000 acres, compared with 19,243,000 acres last year. Con dition. 73.8 per cent of a normal compared with 93.5 per cent on June 1; 89.3 per cent on July 1 last year, and 85.3 per cent, the ten- year average on July 1. Indicated yield, 11.7 bushels per acre, compared with 17.2 bushels last year and 13.3 bushels, the average for the past five years. Estimated total production 218,000,000 bushels, compared with 330,348.000 hishels last year, 190,682,000 bushels in 1911, 200.979,00 bushels in 191 and 265,000,000 bush els in 1909. All Wheat—Area planted, 49,601.000 acres, compared with 45,814.000 acres last year. Con dition. 78.6 per cent of a normal, compared with 87.2 per cent on June 1; 80.1 per cent on July 1 last year, and 81.9 per cent, the ten- year average on July 1. Indicated yield, 14.1 bushels per acre, compared with 15.9 bushels last year, and 14.5 bushels, the average for the past five years. Estimated total production 701.000,000; 621,338,000* bushels In 1911, 635,- 121,000 bushels In 1910, and 683,000,000 bush els In 1909. The amount of wheat remaining on farms July 1, Is estimated at about 35,515,000 bush els, compared with 23,876.000 bushels on July 1, 1912, and 34.071.000 bushels on July 1. 1911. Com—Area planted 106, 84.000 acers, com pared with 107,083,000 acres last year. Condi tion 86.9 per cent of a normal, compared with 81.5 per cent on July 1 last pear and 84.0 per cent, the 10-year average, on July 1. In dicated yield 27.8 bushels per acre, compared with 29.2 bushels last year and 26.5 bushels, the average fo rthc past five years. Estimated total prodlctlon 2.971.000.000 bushels, compared with 3,124.746,000 bushels last y<‘ar, 2,531,488,- 000 bushels in 1911. 2,880,260,000 bushels In 1910, and 2,552,000,000 bushels In 1909. Oats—Area planted, 38,341,000 acres, com pared with 37,917,000 acres last year. Condi tion 76.3 per cent of a normal compared with 87.0 per cent on June 1, 89.2 per cent on July 1 1912, and 84.5 per cent, the 10-year average, on July 1. indicated yield 26.9 bushels per acre, compared with 37.4 bushels last year and 29.7 bushels, the average for the past five vears. Estimated total production l.Ool,000,000 bushels, compared with 1,418,337,000 bu *bels Inst vear 922(298,000 bushels in 1911, l,i»o,- 341,000 bushels in 1910, and 1,007,000,000 bush- Bnrley—Area planted 7,255,000 acr J^’ pared with 7.530,000 acres last year, Coition 76.6 per cent of a normal, compared with per cent on June 1, 88.3 per-cent mJnljJ. last yeat and 85.4 per wnt, the n/.n on July 1. Indicated yield 2-.8 pusneis per'acre, compared with no.7 bnsheln Ust year and 24.5 bushels, the average for the past five venrs Estimated total production 165,00°,000 bushels, compared with 228 824 000 “ vear iti« 24<MK)0 bushels in 1911, ITS.twAuw; bushels in 1010 and 178,000,000 bushels In 1900, Rye-Condition. 88.6 percent of a normal, compared with 96-*) per cent o • ^ per cent on July 1 last year M 89.7 per cent 16*1* bushels per’a?re°com'Led with 16.8 bneh- ffie past five yMra^istlmalS toTal^rodnction, lustnds in 19*10 and 30.000.000 bushels ffi 1909^ White Potatoes—Area planted, 3,680,909 acres, with 88.9 per cent last year antiI 88.9 per cent IS e i tC Su y ,heL' lT pe r r age ac 0 ™ iompar’e” with 113.4 husheis last ye P ar and 96.1 bustjeis the average for the past five years. Estimated total pro Auction. 343,000,000 bushels compared "“g 4 -°^ 647.000 bushels last year, 292,137,000 bushels 1911 349 032,000 bushels in 1909. ' Tobacco—Area planted 1,144,350 ac ™*’ pared with 1,225,800 acres last year. Condition S2.S per cent of a normal, compared with 87.7 per cent last year and 84.8 Per cent, the ten- year average on July 1. Indicated yield 809 0 pounds per acre, compared with 78o.5 pounds last vear and 822.3 pounds, the average for the past five years. Estimated total Pr^tton 926,000,000 pounds, compared with WL-,san,uuu rounds last vear, 905,109,000 pounds in 1911, 1,103,415,000 pounds in 1910 and 1,056,000,000 pounds in 1909. Flax—Area planted 2.425,000 acres, compared with 2,851,000 acres last year. Condition, 82.0 per cent of a normal, compared with 88.9 per cent last year and 87.2 per cent the ten-year average on July 1. Indicated yield 8.7 busheis per acre, compared with 9.8 bushels last year and 8.2 bushels, the average for the past five years. Estimated total production, 21.000,000 bushels, compared with 28,073,000 bushels last vear, 19,370.000 bushels in 1911, 12,718,000 bushels in 1910 and 20.000,000 bushels in 1909. Rice.—Area planted, 824,100 acres, compared with 722 800 acres last year. Condition, 88.4 per cent ’of a normal, compared with 86.3 per cent last year and 88.5 per cent the ten-year average on July 1. Indicated yield, 23.0 bushels per acre, compared with 34.7 bushels last year and 33.7 bushels the average for the past five vears Estimated total production, 27,OiK).COO bushls, compared with 25, 054,000 bushels last vear, 22,934 000 bushels In 1911, 24,510.000 bushels in 1940 and 22.000,000 bushels in 1909. Hay—Condition, 80.5 per cent ofa normal, compared with 87.5 per cent 'in Juuo 1. 85.2 percent on July 1 last year and 82.2 ner cent the average for the past five years. Indicated yield, 1.33 tons per acre, compared with 1.47 tons last year and 1.28 tones the average for the past five years. Estimated total production — tons, compared with 72,691,000 tons last year, 54 916,000 tons in 1911, 69,378.000 tons in 10J0 and 69.000,000 in 1909. Apples—Condition, 59.4 n«r cent ofa no r w<aI, compared with 67.1 per cent on Jun el, 67.9 i.er cent on July 1 last year and 59.1 i*»r cent the average for the past ton years. A GOOD PROFIT AND CHEAPER LIVING FROM YOUR OWN FARM Meat will still be furnished from range-grown cattle. While it is true that in the range country there are more than 300,000,000 acres of land that are arable and that will be farmed on the dry farming plan, there are more than 300,000,000 acres of rough land, all of which will produce pasture and which, of course, will still produce cattle and sheep. This, In all time, will be an im portant source of meat production, be cause of the extent of the area that will thus be devoted to the growing of pasture. Some of the land Is hilly, some of it is stony, some is rocky, and yet on the hills and amid the stones and rocks, much grass, highly palatable and nutritious, is being grown. Because of the increased area of this land it will furnish a large amount of meat. It will grow the meat, hut It Is not so well adapted to the finishing of the same. In previous years the cattle and sheep thus grown were more commonly shipped eastward to corn belt areas, where they were finished for the market. Thus far the plan was good. It in creased the market value of the cattle to the ranchmen, and it increased the value of the com fed to them during the fattening process. But this method of finishing the cattle and sheep is in process of evolution, and it is going to materially affect the feeding of cattle in the com belt states. In the mountain states, where these stockers are grown, they are soon going to be fed. This pro cess has already been begun. In these states irrigation is being introduced. It is becoming extensively practiced, and it will Increase more and more. On these lands from three to five tons of alfalfa can be grown in a single season. On the same lands large crops of barley, oats and peas may be grown, which are all excellent foods, for the growing and fattening of meat. The alfalfa thus grown will be used in the growing and fattening of meat, and the same will be true of the grains. This will mean that much of the stock grown on the ranges will be fattened on the same rather than in the central Mississippi states. There are many reasons why it should be so. In the first place the grower of range cattlo can find a market for his stockers at his door. In the second place the grow er of alfalfa and grain finds a market for the same on his ranch, and in the third place, the cattle may be shipped to the stockyards west rather than east, thus reaching the market by a short, rather than by a long haul. Thus it is apparent that the supply of feeders for the corn belt will ho more and more curt*** *d in the futuroj that is not far away. It will not bo' entirely cut off, but it will be curtailed. Some of the rough range country is| nearer the corn belt than it is to the. markets of the west, and because of' this the stockers grown in these areas will still be shipped east rather thanl west. But from what has been said, It' will be abundantly apparent that thei supply of stockers from the ranges to be finished in the corn belt will bej much less in the future than it has been in the past. The growers of meat in the Missis sippi basin should profit by these changing conditions. They should heed' them carefully. They should under stand that if they are to produce as H much meat or more in the future than, in the past, much of that meat must! be grown in the corn belt, and if much of it is thus grown it must be growni * from the dual types of cows. SOUTH GEORGIA TOMATOES OUTSELL FLA. SHIPMENTS! TIFTON, Ga., July 10.—It took just] cne carload of south Georgia truck to! show New Yorkers what can be grown] in this section. A letter received by 1 the Tifton truck growers, who loaded! Georgia’s first carload of tomatoes for New York commission agents, says that on account of the quality of the to matoes th<Jy were able to interest the best buyers in New York in the ship ment. The tomatoes were sold to the choice trade and brought the highest price paid on the market that day. This was in competition with twenty-eight car® from Florida and fifteen cars from Mis sissippi. The Road to Success with a “Mandel” Ma chine. Bis money at fairs, picnics, carnivals, aviation #lelds, clrcuse s. small towns and larce cities— EVERYWHERE. Post Cord Gallery Mr. A. L. Wood, of Montana, made this , money. We can prove it. Hundreds are making I money “hand over fist.” Lettersand reports arrive daily telling of wonderful success and big profits In I this new, up-to-date business. A great, big oppor- I tunity for you to make $5.00 to $20.00 a day as a “MANDEL” ONE-MINUTE PHOTOGRAPH ER. Be a “portable post card gallery” man. Enjoy the healthful, happy, independent, outdoor life. Travel and see things. Make all your expenses and save money besides. You need absolutely no experience. Success comes to you at once—the first day you begin work with the “Mander Post Card Machine A wonderful machine that takes, finishes and delivers post card photographs and photo buttons right on the spot [where the pictures are taken. Machine makes five different styles o^ photos. Easy to operate—complete instructions with outfit. All you do is. snap the bulb and pocket your profita. Anew, sensational photographic process—a wonderful discovery- Photos Direct on*Post Cards — No Plates, Films, Printing, or Dark Room Do not waste your days. Summer is here. This Is the time when ‘•MANDEL” POST CARD PHOTOGRAPHEttS reap big profits. Everybody needs and buys photographs. The sale of your first supplies practically pays your entire investment. Do you want to earn $2,000 this year? Then write at once. Be the first in your section and reap tne big profits. Information is free. Afidress either ofiice. THE CHICAGO FERROTYPE COMPANY 719 Ferrotype Bldg. Dept. 719,Public Bank Bldg. 1C Chicago. III. or New York, W. V. A DAKOTA, GA. FARM IS THE NEAREST CUT TO INDEPENDENCE TOUNG MAN BUY 25, 50 or 100-acre RED PEBBLE FARM, Improved and under cultivation, on long, easy terms. THESE FARMS WILL PAY FOR THEMSELVES. WRITE TODAY for our DAKOTA FARMS BOOKLET. COME ON to DAKOTA Thursday, Friday or Saturday of any week. We are here to show crops to prove it. Edwin P. Ansley Realty Trust Bldg., Atlanta. G. C. McKenzie Ashburn, Ga„ Dakota, Ga. GIRL HURLED OFF CANAL BRIDGE; ESCAPES DEATH (Special Dispatch to The Journal.! WAYCROSS. July 10.—Knocked from a canal bridge by a runaway dray, little Grace Fitin, three-year-old daughter of B. G Finn, was injured painfully this mornftig. Her sister, Margaret, six years old. was with her at the time and escaped death by a miracle. The horse ran through the business section of the city and was finally caught In Beauty park, after smashing a dray at the Union station. —and Your SAMPLE SUIT FREE If we send youjesamplt suit tailor-made to your own measurements and let you pay for It out of your profit on the first few orders you take, will you act as our local agent? Will you accept a steady position that will pay from *3 to $10 a day, —every day? - Send no money# Be Our BRANCH MANAGER We want you and must have you dressed better than anybody else. Many making $60 to $200, a week. It’s easy. You can do it. Your friends will want suit like yours. Latest cut made-to- measure sample suit will be sen1 you. Choice of hundreds of mod els, all kinds of goods—samples show you just whntyou and your friends want—FREE. No exper ience necessary. No capital. We back you every way in your exclusive territory. Everything FREE. Write quick. RELIABLE TAILORING C0MPAN Dept. 513Y Reliable Bldg., Chicago, Ill. Send No CASH New Parcel Post Map and Chart of Horse Remedies We have just bought a large number of New Four Leaf Charts, which we are going to give with The Semi-Weekly Journal. This Chart contains a 1913 Calendar, Pictures of our Presidents from Washington to Wilson, a Chart of Horse Ailments and Remedies, giving Symptoms -of Diseases and How to Treat Them; a Parcel Post* Map of the United States, with instructions; a large State Map of your own state, besides other in formation and statistics, valuable in every household. We are giv ing a Chart to each person sending us One Dollar for the following papers: The Semi-Weekly Jour nal 18 months, Farm Life 12 months, and Every Day Life 12 months. Use coupon below. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga. Enclosed find One Dollar, for which send me The Semi-Weekly Journal 18 months, Farm Life 12 months, and Every Day Life 12 months, and mail me absolutely free your NEW Ready Reference Parcel Post Chart. tfAME P. O R. F. D STATE