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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, JULY 22, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
U- - Education
_ Successful, f
Andrew ft. SouLE
ZViis department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.
THE SUMMER DIETARY
N OW that summer weather is upon
us in earnest, there is a tendency
for the appetite to lag. Cooking:
also becomes a considerable burden to
the housewife There is a craving: for
something: dainty and appetizing: The
effqrt of the good housewife is concen
trated on an attempt to supply this
need and desire of the family. Natu
rally, she realizes that overeating in hot
weather is extremely undesirable and
fraught with various ills and much need
less suffering to humanity To what
and where shall she turn to secure
something that will enable her to
utilize the vegetables of Jthe garden
which are always cooling and healthful?
If she studies modern dietetics as now
understood and appreciated by our best
pnysicians and domestic science teach
ers, she will quickly learn that one of
the most wholesome additions to the
dietary will be found through the
utilization of some kind of vegetable oil
as the basis of her cookery and for
the preparation of salads.
We may learn much from history
which is to our material advantage, and
the observation of the practices of peo
ples living in a climate similar to ours
is also worthy of consideration. In
Italy and southern Europe, for instance,
oil has been used as a staple article
of the dietary for many years. The
Anglo-Saxon living farther north has
not used it so extensively for the reason
probably that he has not been acquaint
ed with its virtues until recently, and
also on account of the fact that his
climate did not favor the production of
a vegetable oil suitable for human con
sumption. As the south was largely
settled by people who came originajly
from the British Isles, they naturally
brought their ^traditions and ideas of
cookery with them, and hence it is only
lately that attention is being directed
to the use of vegetable oils as substi
tutes for animal fats in frying, short
ening and the preparation of salads. It
is not surprising that this condition
should have been observed in the past,
for it is only in comparatively recent
times that satisfactory methods of pre
paring a suitable table oil from a
home-grown product has been perfected,
and those acquainted with educational
processes realize that it takes a long
time to break down long-established
custom and to overcome what frequent
ly is nothing but ^foolish prejudice.
Rapid progress in the utilization of
cotto'n seed oil in southern households
may now be anticipated, however, be
cause of the large number of domestic
science courses established in our in
stitutions of learning and because of
the more general knowledge afforded the
public through the writing of the
savants and the efforts of the press
with reference to what constitutes a j
desirable system of dietetics for our j
people. In this connection it is well to i
emphasize the fact that cotton seed oil |
is not only useful in cookery, but may
be consumed directly by the human
being as a substitute for other oils in
building tissue and restoring the body
to vigor when attacked by some of the
most pernicious diseases to which
humanity is heir. It has the advantage
of being equally wholesome, according
to the testimony of eminent physicians,
and is also cheaper. Besides that, it
is a home-grown product, and its con
sumption in the south means to add to
the annual output of the raw material
from which it is derived and to stimu
late our industries in a variety of ways.
Cotton seed oil has been much abused
by those whose interests were opposed
to its extensive utilization in the home.
It’s great rival has naturally been olive
oil. Of course, this is a very whole
some product, but it is not produced in
anything like sufficient quantity to meet
the world’s demand, and moreover it is
a much more expensive oil, and experi
ment has now definitely established the
fact that it is not better in any respect
for cooking purposes, t,he preparation of
salad dressings, etc., than a high-grade
properly refined cotton seed oil. In fact,
it may'be stated on the best of authori
ty that great quantities of cotton seed
oil manufactured in the south are
shipped abroad, refined and sent back
to the United States as olive oil. Possi
bly it has been blended with a small
quantity of olive oil. It is hardly worth
while' under existing conditions, there-
force, for the southern housewife to pay
a dollar a quart for what she can get
for 35. cents, and surely she will not
continue to do this. It is doubtful if
many epicures could tell any difference
between a well refined cotton seed oil
and olive oil if various dishes prepared
from each were set before them.
It is a fine thing to be patriotic even
at a personal sacrifice. How much
more desirable is it to be patriotic when
it is economy to do so, as is shown
to be the case in this instance. Cotton
seed oil also has this material advan
tage, that it is put up in cans of con
venient size and easy to handle. It also
will keep for any reasonable length of
time where properly handled. It may
be used directly as a substitute for lard
or other animal fats in the frying of
meats, and as a constituent in the mak
ing of rolls, waffles and pancakes it is
unexcelled. In the preparation of all
kinds of salads it is one of the most
convenient and wholesome materials
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Pnces. Reference—Southern Illinois Nat’l. Bank.
CENTURY MANUFACTURING COMPANY.
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which can be used. It affords a satis
factory basis for a French dressing
which may be prepared at the table in a
few minutes. In the preparation of
mayonaise dressing it is indispensable,
and as all know, this is one of the most
attractive and wholesome salad dress
ings which can be used.
Why not utilize a home-grown product
more extensively in the preparation of
the human dietary in the future? Cer
tainly to do so will be beneficial to both
the consumer and producer. The farmer
is benefited by the increased value his
seed command; the manufacturer finds
a ready market for_ his products at
home; the housewife uses ‘these mate
rials with economy and for the benefit of
her family. Thus the circle of co-ordi
nated interests is completed.
* * *
BLOODY MILK.
N. W., St. Charles, Ark., writes: We
have a cow that gives bloody milk out of
two of her teats but they do not seem to
be core. I would be glad to know what Is
the matter and what to do for her.
The bloody milk about which you
write is probably due to an escape of
blood with the milk because of some in
jury to the udder. This may be due to
a blow or to congestion or inflammation.
Richer and more abundant food some
times causes bloody milk. Disease may
be the cause of this trouble, and some
times the eating of acrid or irritating
plants, such as ranunculaceae, may pro
duce it. In case of congested glands,
the best treatment is to give one pound
of Epsom salts, and daily, thereafter
one-half ounce of saltpetre with a
dram of chlorate of potash. Bathe the
bag with hot or cold water and rub
with camphorated lard. Where a ration
high in protein is being fed, it should
be reduced. If there are acrid plants
in the pasture, they must be removed.
We believe that attention to these mat
ters and the following out of the treat
ment suggested will relieve the trouble,
unless it is due to some more or less
chronic form of disease which may or
may not now be making itself evident.
* » *
DAIRYING IN HANCOCK COUNTY.
P. J. C., White Plains, Ga., writes: I
have a tract of rolling land well watered
and much of it in good Bermuda pasture.
With feed at present prise's do you thing
average grade cows would pay if 20 to 25
per cent cream can be sold at 70c to 80c
a gallon? What ration of cotton-seed hulls,
cotton-seed meal, bran, shorts and ground al
falfa should be used to get maximum profit
from cream? Would it pay to get a regis
tered Jersey male What would be the best
way to start for a good type of beef cattle?
What breed is best for our section? Do
you think there will be a demand for thor
oughbred stock hero in the south. What
would be the price for a registered male
and heifers?
Selected grade cows of known capac
ity as milk producers can be made to
pay a profit for the production of cream
at the prices mentioned in your letter.
The average grade cow probably does
not produce over 1,500 to 2,500 pounds
of milk in a year. She cannot be kept
at a profit for cream production. On
the other hand, there are grade cows
which produce’* from 5,000 to 6,000
pounds of milk a year at about the
same cost for feed as the indifferent
ones. We know this to be a fact, for
we started a dairy herd at Athens with
grade cows picked up in the vicinity of
the college, and we found great varia
tion in their value and economy as milk
and butter producers. We feel sure you
can find some cows in .your community
which will be valuable for foundation
stock, and from these you should select
a herd in the course of a few years
which will prove highly profitable for
dairy production.
If you have firstclass pastures, it is
not necessary to feed much else in the
way of roughness to dairy cows at this
season of tjie year. We use cotton
seed meal and bran here at the college.
Of course, if one has an abundance of
oats, they may be fed. Where cows
are on pasture, about two pounds of
cotton-seed meal per head per day will
answer very well. When they are kept
up, \flve to six pounds should be fed.
You might feed two pounds of oats, two
pounds of bran and two pounds of cot-
ton-seed meal. It will be difficult to
make a profit out of the dairy business,
however, unless you can graze your cat
tle on good pastures, supply them with
soiling crops when grass is shown, afid
feed them on silage in the winter.
You can afford to pay $45 to $60 for
good grade Jersey cows that will give
you 4,000 pounds and upwards of milk.
It will certainly pay you to get a
registered sire. We have found in our
experience here that the result of
crossing a pure-bred sire on native
cows increased the flow of milk in the
first generation very considerably. The
price of a pure-bred sire will vary from
$30 to $100 or more, depending on the
breeding and age of the animals ^
cured. One can count on selling regis
tered stock of good grade in the south,
as shown by the very considerable num
ber of breeders of this class of animals
found in all the sbuthern states. One
would have to pay a high price for
pure-bred heifers with which to start a
herd, as most men who are breeding
pure-bred animals desire to keep up
their own herds, and therefore select
the choicest heifers for themselves, and
are only willing to part with them at
fancy prices.
In starting a beef herd it would be
a good idea to buy some grade cows
with a dash of beef blood in them, say
Shorthorn, Hereford or Angus being
preferable, and then put a pure-bred
:ure at the head of the herd. While all
the breeds mentioned will do well in
Georgia, the Hereford seems to be mak
ing considerable headway and Is looked
! upon with favor wherever it has been
introduced. We t£ink a pure-bred sire
is necessary for the grading up of a
beef herd and the carrying, on of this
business in the most profitable manner.
* ♦ *
A COMMENDABLE EXAMPLE.
A correspondent writes: The club women
of Cusseta have five acres of very sandy
land at the school and desire to use It as an
experiment or demonstration farm and
school garden, and would appreciate any
suggestions in regard to formulating plants
for next year’s work.
The club women of Cusseta are cer
tainly to be congratulated on their at
tempt to benefit the school in the man
ner suggested. With five acres of land
at their disposal they should be able
to make some very interesting demon
strations. It seems to me that one acre
might properly be devoted to a model
vegetable garden for the home. Enough
beans, tomatoes and other vegetables
could be grown so that canning demon
strations might be held and an indus
trial feature added to the work of the
school. Another part of the garden area
could be devoted to flowers. There
should be a bulb bed showing the suc
cession of these plants which could be
j had with little effort in Georgia. Then,
j of course, som^ of the annuals should
RAISING HOGS IN SOUTHEAST
GEORGIA; CHOLERA EXPERIENCE
R. M. McDaniel in Home and Farm:
I live in the wir^grass country in
southeastern Georgia. All of this, Jenk
ins, county south and west of the
Oguchee river is “fenceless” or “free-
range” country. I will say, for the
benefit of those that may not be fa
miliar with these terms, that they mean
that all cultivated spots, however small
or w large they may be, must be fenced;
thus leaving al the woodland swamp
lands open for “range.”
Now, as fence and no fence has been
discussed time and again, I will leave
this phase of the matter off; especially
as I was raised in the “stock,” or “no
fence” country, and, of course, am In
favor of providing good pasturage so
that we will be able to take care of
good stock, the only really profitable
kind.
But you can’t hammer this into a na
tive south Georgian’s head. He can’t
or won't see how it is possible to pro
duce pork, bacon or beef by growing
and feeding good feed to good stock,
than can be made by letting the stock
gather the natural grasses, though, the
stock are the scrub kind.
As a general thing, though, I can and
do at times, have some “moss-fed” pork
and bacon—I use corn-fed meat as I pre
fer it; and sell mostly corn-fed pork
as there is a better deipand for this
kind, and it brings i cent a pound more.
While 1 cent on the pound doesn't look
like enough to make it profitable to
feed corn when the hogs can be fattened
on the acorns, etc.; it should be borne
in mind that even the hogs on “range”
must be given some corn, especially
those in the river swamp, as they will
go wild and be a total logs, or nearly
so.
In my opinion, though, the greatest
drawback to “free-range” is one’s in
ability to keep his stock from “running
out” by breeding to anything that is
passing. In this manner, what may at
first be a large, prolific breed, is soon
brought down to the scrub level, thereby
cutting down meat production.
Now, as to feed, I gifow such crops
as corn, cowpea^y peanuts and sweet po
tatoes to feed and fatten my hogs on;
corn being the main one in fattening,
especially in finishing them off. as it
gives firmness to both greerf and cured
meat.
as the yare called, being between a pig
feeding for each year, I will give one
instance of my hog-feeding experience
of last year, 1912. This was a shoat,
as they arec ailed, being between a pig
be cultivated. Shrubs and trees should
be planted on an area of the land near
to the school and an effort should be
made to landscape the grounds so that
the aesthetic effect of beautiful sur
roundings may be impressed on the
minds of the children. This will prob
ably leave three or four acres which
could very well be devoted to certain
demonstrations.
First, one acre might properly be
planted to corn; another acre in cotton.
If several varieties of cotton were se
cured and planted side by side some very
interesting and striking results would
be obtained, especially if the seed of
one variety has been very carefully
selected, and the others represent
the type of seed ordinarily planted
by the farmer without selection. A test
of this character with corn might not
prove very effective owing to the mixing
which might occur.
Another area might be devoted to al
falfa demonstrations or some of the
more important legumes and grasses.
In your section of the state the boll
weevil is likely to cause mere serious
damage at an early date than elsewhere,
and therefore, a study of turf-forming
grasses and leguminous crops which
may be utilized for hay and pasture
with greatest success becomes a matter
of considerable importance. I believe
that this area of ground could be oper
ated through the agency of the teach
ers and the co-operative effort of the
children and made a source of consid
erable revenue to the school, while il
lustrating the more important funda
mental principles involved in following
a systematized form of practice and
using scientific methods as compared
with the haphazard ones so frequently
employed.
^ *
MANAGEMENT OF ALFALFA.
J. A. W., Thomson, Ga., writes: Last
fall I planted * small patch of alfalfa, put
ting it in drills. I fertilized well with
stable manure and commercial fertilizer. I
got a good stand of alfalfa, and also a
good stand of oats as the stock were fed
on sheaf oats. I let the oat*s grow ana
mowed them off when in the dough and
thou plowed out the alfalfa and cleaned it
well of weeds. It is now twelve to eighteen
inches high and blooming. Should it -be
mowed now anc* if so, how often thereafter?
I get conflicting opinions on this point.
Your alfalfa should be cut at once.
This crop should be cut when just com
ing into bloom. Another way to deter
mine when it is ready to cut is to ex
amine the base of the stems and see if
there is a fresh growth starting out
from the crown. If you will examine a
few plants you will be able to determine
this point. We are satisfied from the
description given in your letter that
your alfalfa should be cut at once. There
are only two ways of handling alfalfa
the first year from autumn seeding,
either you must cut it regularly for hay
or else keep it clipped throughout the
entire season. Grazing it would be a
mistake. We would prefer to let it
grow for hay. Our alfalfa on the col
lege farm Is ready to cut for the third
time. Some of the plats have yielded
already from two cuttings nearly three
tons of cured hay. If the season is wet
and c.onditoins favorable alfalfa may be
cut four or five times in a year. The
crop should be fertilized at least twice
during the year on average land. Use
400 to 500 pounds of an equal proportion
of acid phosphate and kainit. We would
advise liming the land for alfalfa before
planting, at the rate of one to two tons
per acre of the raw ground rock. If
you have not limed your land it would
pay you to put some lime on it this
fall. It will ruin your alfalfa to let it
stand and seed. We have given you
the best suggestions we can offer under
the circumstances.
* #
SHEDDING OF TOMATO BLOOMS.
M. II. M., Millcdgeville, Ga., writes: I
would like to know why the blooms on my
tomato vines shed so badly and set very
little fruit. They have never wanted for
proper cultivation and the ground has a good
deal of humas in it and is comparatively
rich and is mulched with leavers. The vines
look green and healthy. I have several va
rieties and they all do the same way.
The trouble with your tomatoes is
probably due to the fact that you have
made your ground too rich. They ap
parently are growing rapidly and de
veloping limb, leaf and bloom at the ex
pense of fruit. The tomato requires a
well-balanced food supply in the soil.
Should dry weather set In we think you
will find they will fruit much more
freely than they are doing at the pres
ent t* me - We would suggest that you
put a handful of kainit and acid phos
phate in equal proportions about the
plants. Do not put the fertilizer against
the stem, but at a distance of six inches
to a foot from the plants. Stir into
the surface soil when working the to
matoes, No doubt you have tied them
up and have trimmed and cut them back
so as to let in a sufficient amount of
air and sunshine. Pinching off the ends
of the branches will help to retard
growth and induce the setting on of
fruit. i
and a grown hog, which I penned in
March, and fed until early in April,
^vhen, on account of an outbreak of
cholera in the neighborhood, it was
butchered and sold to the meat market,
bringing 8 1-2 cents a pound or 1 1-2
cents less than it would have brought
a little later.
Here is the plan I followed in prepar
ing this hog for the market. Instead of
throwing the ears of corn iiito the
pen, although the pen was plowed, I
made a large, light trough, and shelling
my corn, beginning with about 1-2 gal
lon and working up to a gallon a day; I
put the shelled corn into the trough
with plenty of fresh water. In this way
and by the use of some slops and small
amount of other feeds such as sweet
potatoes, etc., given now and then, J
kept # this hog from chewing up and spit
ting out the corn, as all young hogs,
and to some extent old ones, too, will
do.
In all, I believe this hog ate about
forty gallons or five bushels of corn,
which at $1 per bushel, would make
the feeding cost $5. And when sold it
brought $9 at 8 1-2 cents a pounds, its
weight being 112 pounds, dressed. This
gives $4.52 over cost of feed; whereas,
if I hadn’t been forced to sell by the
coming of the cholera, this hog, with
out counting any further gain, allow
ing this to offset the additional feed, it
would have brought $11.20 or $6.20 over
the cost of the feed.
Now, as anyone in a position to know,
will admit that this is better than buy
ing meat—the meat raised being cheap
er than that you buy. Although I -am
willing to admit "'that, by a judicious
system of growing’ and feeding one’s
hogs, either pork or bacon could be
produced at a lower cost than in the case
cited.
In fact, it is entirely possible by the
substituting of a large breed, such as
an improved strain of the Berkshires;
or, taking a sire of such, and building
up one s own herd, and growing a suffi
cient quantity and variety of feeds,
which, with proper management, can be
done at small cost, letting the hogs do
the harvesting, produce pork at 2 1-2
to 4 cents a pound. And even at 4 and
5 cents, with pork bringing 8, 9 and 10
cents, delivered to the meat man dress
ed, and in amounts ranging from 100 to
1,000 pounds, this means a profit oX. Irom
4 to 5 cents a pound.
From what I can gather from reading
the reports sent in to various farm
papers from all over the country, we
have a mighty market for nearly all
farm produce, although it is town
with only about 2,000 inhabitants. For,
with the exception of cotton, the price
of which is governed, not by local con
ditions or the local demand, as we
know; the prices for such as pork, beef,
syrup, country-cured hams, and poultry
products and vegetables, etc., are,
everything considered, good the year
round.
For instance, the three years prior to
this, 1913, eggs, even during the sum
mer, didn’t go below 20 cents per doz
en; and, as stated, fresh pork has held
firm at 8, 9 and 10 cents, the latter
figure being the ruling one. While beef
has held firm around 6 to 6 1-2 cents,
counting five quarters at these figures,
and the butchef taking them in the lot
or woods.
As stated, I raise my own supply of
meat, besides selling some pork, and if
the cholera hadn’t played havoc with
my hogs last year, getting more than
two-thirds of my bunch, or over twenty
head, not counting several head of pigs,
I could have sold about $120 for pork
last fall and winter.
As a detailed account of my expe
rience with the cholera among my hogs
last year would make this article much
too long, I will leave these out, giving
what I believe to be the most impor
tant items.
. The year was an extremely wet one in
''this section. So much so, in fact, that
hardly a half of a crop was made
Whether this was the cause of the out
break or not, or if not, what it had to
do with the disease in the way of ag
gravating or complicating it, I am un-
j able to state for sure, but \ believe if
it did not harm, it certainly did no
good.
This disease first made its appearance
in this county on the “Burke side” of
the river—north. And it was next re
ported to be about two miles from my
place, among - Mr. John L. Kent’s hogs.
This gentleman, so I am told, lost all
but four or five, or nearly a hundred
head.
A short while after this, I had five,
all of one litter, to show signs of hav
ing the disease; the proper name of
which, at this time, was not known to
1 any degree of certainty.
The symptoms that were most no
ticeable were a sleepy or drowsy ap
pearance, a disinclination to eat, either
among the other hogs or by themselves,
making it impossible to treat them ex
cept by confining them in a pen or
small lot. Other symptoms were a
dry, hacking cough, a morbid thirst, and
after the disease had been present for
some time, a discharge from the kidneys
of a pale red liquid, bloody urine.
And I will state before going fur
ther, that the stains made by this,
bloody discharge could be seen about ia
the dirt for four or five months after
death 1 from the disease had entirely
ceased. Of course, these were fresh
ones, as the rains would soon cause one
to disappear after It was made.
Not all of the hogs that were at
tacked by the disease, had this bloody
discharge from the kidneys; nor did all
that had the discolored urine die, for
the writer had one especially good
brood sow that strained and passed this
bloody water for a good while, the
straining and all occurring every few
minutes.
It may be guessed that the hogs were
weak, especially in the loins. Some
even getting entirely helpless. Fur
thermore, I am safe in saying that
nearly everything that might or might
not effect a cure, was tried hereabouts.
But I am not able to call to mind all
the remedies that were reported tried
by one or another. We began with
prepared stock food, using Watkin’s
Stock Dip both as a dip—one part dip
to twenty-five parts water, and as an
internal remedy, given in the slops—
one part dip to 100 parts water. And
in ‘the windup, or just before, using
fresh pine gum from the boxes for plas
ters, applying these just over the kid
neys, having them large enough, though,
to cover the hips, reach about to the
shoulders, and come well down on each
side. In addition, calomel and spirits
of turpentine were given separately,
during the latter days of this spell.
Furthermore, all solid foods were cut
off entirely towards the lash Now,
whether this latter really had anything
to do with the cessation of deaths or
not, I, of course, am unable to say for
certain. But, anyway, after cutting off
all solids, the hogs quit dying. Another
item that may ^>e worth while to men
tion was, that all hogs that were al
lowed to have access to all the water
they wanted, which was an unbelievable
amount—the victim, when allowed, liv
ing around the -ponds and visiting them
at short intervals—were lost in all
cases. In other words, we were forced
to confine the sick ones, in order to be
able to treat them, and to keep them
from killing themselves by almost con
tinuous drinking.
One of the strangest things about
this outbreak, was that hardly any two
(of my own) were affected exactly alike;
and the great difference in the length
of time that the different ones would
\•
Trade and Crop .Re
ports from the South
-From Bradstreet’s.
CHARLESTON, S. C.—Trade in all
lines is quiet. Collections are slow.
Cotton continues to show improvement,
due to continued hot weather, and pros
pects are encouraging for a good crop.
CHATTANOOGA—Trade as a whole is
irregular. Groceries and confectionery
are in good demand, but dry goods and
shoes are dull. Drugs are normal, and,
a slight improvement is noted in shelf
hardware. There is little activity in
iron and coal, but woolen and cotton
manufacturers report trade good. Re-;
tail trade is about normal. Collections'
in all lines are slow and more complaint
is heard about payments than the vol
ume of business. The weather is very'
warm, but this appears to be favorable
to cotton.
MEMPHIS—Wholesale trade in all
lines is good, and retail is fair. Weather
conditions are very favorable and crops
are progressing nicely. Collections show
some improvement.
ATLANTA—Prospects just now are
good for a normal cotton crop, but it is
too early to predict as to yield. The
acreage does not appear to have been
materially increased, and if a drought
should come during the latter part of
this month or the first of August, it
would materially damage the plant. The
crop is also about two weeks late, and
in case of an early frost the top crop
might be. cut off. Clearance sales of
summer wearing apparel have improved
retail cash sales. Wholesale trade
shows a slight tendency to increase.
SAVANNAH—Trade continues quiet
in all lines, with collections slow. Money
stringency is making for decided con
servatism. Wholesale dealers are con
fining business to well known custom
ers. The crop outlook is good, the sea
son so far having been the best in sev
eral years.
BIRMINGHAM—Lumber is fairly ac
tive. Recent rains were beneficial to
crops, and the outlook is more encour
aging. Collections are slow.
MONTGOMERY—Trade is fair, but
collections are poor. Light rains have
fallen in some sections, but more is bad
ly needde. In other sections it has been
two months since it has rained, and as
a result corn is practically ruined and
cotton is shedding badly.
NEW ORLEANS—Crop conditions in
Louisiana continue to improve under
good weather. Complaints continue to
come in from some localities in regard
to the boll weevil, but in most instances
the planters are successful in prevent
ing serious damage. Yields of rice
and corn will be in excess of last
year’s. Farmers are raising larger veg
etable crops than heretofore. General
trade conditions are quiet. Collections
rule fair.
MOBILE—Conditions are favorable
for a good yield of cotton. Jobbers re
port trade oenditions improving, and or
ders are being placed more readily,
which would indicate more confidence
in conditions. Retail trade is quiet.
Collections are slow.
DALLAS—Wholesale trade in dry I
goods is very satisfactory, and future,
orders are considerably in excess of
last year. Wholesale trade in groceries
and hardware show's increased activity,
and jobbers report a good volume of
business. Jobbers of hats and caps and
boots and shoes are doing a largely in
creased business. Retail trade is quiet,
as is usual at this season. Collections
are fairly good. Very warm weather
has prevailed throughout this section
during the week, but no damage is re
ported to the corn crop, and it has been
ideal cotton weather.
THE CROPS.
Crop conditions render general char
acterization difficult this week. The fa
vorable features are the better than
earlier expected yields of winter wheat,
the improvement of spring wheat from
the rather low condition reported as of
July j, and the excellent progress made
by cotton, except in a few sections of
the lower Mississippi valley, where boll,
weevil has hurt. On the other hand,
some deterioration is reported by corn,
o.wing to hot, dry weather west of the
Missouri river impairing an otherwise
quite good report as to this important
cereal; the hay crop is proved to have
gone back in the northwest and in the
east, and oats yields confirm earliei
reports of a heavy decline from last
year’s enormous yield. Fruits have been
hurt by present dry or earlier cold
weather in many sections. States re
porting especially good conditions in
staple crops are Texas, Iowa, Georgia
and Nebraska, though the latter state,
after early reports of good crops of
wheat and alfalfa, sends some com
plaints as to corn. Rice and corn look
well In the lower Mississippi valley.
The Maryland fruit crop has been cut
badly by early cold and later dry weath
er, but the tomato crop will be up to
normal.
PLANTING SOME FORAGE CROPS
NOT YET TOO LATE FOR FEED
The pressure of work required for the
cultivation of cotton and of late-planted
corn is apt to crowd out at this season
any consideration of what are usually
called the minor crops. Yet in every
system of farming that will be perma
nently successful the minor <?rops must
be given a more important place than
that usually assigned them on our
southern farms.
The practical question now is what
forage crops can be planted in July with
| prospect of direct or indirect profit.
There is speoial need for the planting
this season of areas larger than are
usually devoted to summer, forage cops.
This is, because on many farms, unfa
vorable weather prevented the planting
of the usual area of corn and cotton,
thus leaving more land than usual avail
able for summer crops. For example,
in one of the eastern counties of Ala
bama, dry weather in May prevented
the plowing of many fields of poor red
land. A few of these were planted in
cotton as late as the fifth to the middle
of June, after the showers of the first
part of the month made this possible.
Such working against nature, such un
reasonably late planting of cotton on
poor hill land is certainly injudicious.
Many of -these acres • would not have
produced cotton profitably, even if
planted at the usual time.
Another class of lands available for
use of late-planted farm crops are poor
ly drained bottoms, which it was im
practicable to utilize earlier in the sea
son or on which the stand of cotton
or corn is so poor as to make it ad
visable to devote these lowlands to some
other crop.
In choosing a forage crop for the poor
uplands, we should almost invariably
select a leguminous plant, such as the
cowpea, soy bean, peanut, etc. This is
not only for the benefit of succeding
crops, but also because legumes gen
erally make a larger yield of valuable
forage on poor land than as any of the
other forage plants.
In deciding among the legumes suit
able for late planting one is often
hampered by scarcity of seed, and so
must often plant that one of which
the seed is most readily available,
whether it be cowpeas or soy beans
Generally on poor land I would pre
fer cowpeas for hay and soy beans for
hog feed, provided seed of an early va
riety of the latter could be obtained. In
deed for planting this late, for the pro
duction of seed, it would be best, if not
essential in the central part of thf gulf
states, to select an early or medium
early variety, whether the crop be cow
peas or soy beans. .At this late date
when seed are scarce, one cannot oe
particular about the variety selected.
If seed of only a late variety of cowpeas
are available, the crop should be plant
ed for hay rather than for seed.
For rich bottom land a wider rang*
of forage crops, is available, including
not only the legumes, but also sorghum
and German millet. No common forage
plant affords a larger yield of green
feed or of hay than does sorghum.
Moreover, it may be sown later * than
either cowpeas or soy beans, though the
earlier the date of planting the larger
the yield. For hay on very rich land
broadcast sowing of at least two bush
els per acre is preferable. For soil of
mediQm fertility thick planting in
drills may not produce stalks too coarse
for hay, especially If the Amber variety
be selected. The later the date of sow
ing sorghum the greater the advantage
of planting it in drills, so that cultiva
tion may hasten its growth.
German millet should be restricted
to rich land. The usual rate of seeding
is one bushel per acre, sown broadcast.
Health Campaign
(Special Dispatch to The Journal.)
MONTGOMERY, Ala., July 21.—Dr.
R. M. Davis, of Florence, has been
appointed manager of the health cam
paign, which has been started in Ala
bama by the state department of health.
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live after showing signs of having the
disease.
One died soon after an abscess broke
through in the left flank near the rim
of the bowels. Another had such an ab
scess to break just over the right eye;
this, the brood sow mentioned, lived and
has raised some fine pigs. But I should
mention that we lost all the pigs from
all the sows that came during, and for
one and two litters after, the disease
had passed.
Some peculiar circumstances followed
this disease; for instance, many that
were entirely black before the outbreak
had more or less gray hair after recov
ering. And one that was black with a
white list before taking the cholera, had
blue hair instead of the black, the white
being left the same. No doubt, some
will discredit this last statement. But,
nevertheless, it is true.
I have spoken of this disease as being
hog cholera. But I am not at all sure
that it was, or, entirely so. I have a
letter from an eminent veterinary and
he says:
“I would not attempt to make a posi
tive diagnosis of such an outbreak as
you described from this long range, but
while the description does not entirely
fit cholera it fits that much closer than
any disease of hogs with which we are
familiar. In outbreaks of cholera the
kidneys are generally affected and this
is one reason why I suspected that it
was cholera in your case.
“There is, however, one conditioh
which existed in your outbreak which is
unlike cholera and that is the length of
time which it took the disease to re
sult in death.”
The length of time referred to was
anywhere from one to four weeks, hard
ly a one dying under a week from the
time they gave signs of having the dis
ease. And others going for two, three
and four weeks before dying; while
others went so long, but eventually re
covered.
One of my neighbors gave the dis
ease the name ( of “typhoid pneumonia,”
but the authority quoted above says
this is a new disease of hogs, one- ttrat
he has never heard of, in fact; though
there is a disease called “pleuro-pneu-
monia.” Anyway, be it what it may, it
carried off a good let of meat for us
in this section.
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