Newspaper Page Text
6
THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, AUGUST 8, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
n - Education
Successful Farmin<%-
NDREW J\. 2)0ULt
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.
TRAINING THE MODERN FARMER
PART II.
Without chemistry the progress of
the world would be set back 100 years.
It has enabled us to gain a definite in-
efsiit into a thousand baffling ques
tion*. What we are ignorant of today
we confidently look forward to appre
ciating tomorrow because of the power
ful weapons which chemistry has
brought to the service of humanity.
The dormant seed which presently ger-
FARMERS SHOULD NOT OVERLOOK
ALT ALFA, A GREAT LEGUME CROP
crab grass and weeds which are likely
to infest the land, and later develop
sufficiently to destroy the alfalfa even j lem ,s n °t so much, how to increase the
J. E. BUCK.
We have come to the dividing of
the ways—we have reached a critical
point in the history of our agricultural
development. Aside from the 35,000,000
acres in the United States that can be
,reclaimed by irrigation, and the 74,-
000,000 acres of farm land that can
be made available for cultivation by
means of drainage, no very large areas
of virgin soil remain to be brought
under cultivation in our country. In
time, of course, these barren lands will
be made to yield abundant harvests—
but for the present we must look else
where to find a solution of the problem
with which we are confronted. If we
are to keep on going forward, it will be
necessary for us to secure larger yields
from the fields that are already under
cultivation. That is to say, our prob-
though a good stand be obtained in the
beginning. We would advise the fall
planting of this crop, and would sug
gest that you use twenty pounds of re
eled r.ed western seed rather than the
imported. It will cost you about 20
cents a pound or $10 a bushel. We
minates and produces a magnificent w.»uld apply not less than 1,000 pounds
stalk of corn with its several ears of
yellow grain is a product of chemical
activity from the day it is placed in the
soil until it reaches maturity. Every
crop which the farmer grows gathers
Its food directly or indirectly from the
soil, and the problem of supplying
these essential elements in proper
combination is one of the gravest con
cern to the luisbajidman. Chemistry
brings to him an understanding of the
needs of the plant, the deficiencies in
his soil, and the natural agencies by
which these defects may be remedied.
Veterinary medicine deals with the
animal life of the farm in health and
disease. Preventive medicine is now
recognized as one of our most impor
tant national assets. Disease organ
isms surround us on every hand. Ward
ing them off is a most important and
essential matter. Can this be accom
plished save through an understanding
of bacteriology which treats of micro
scopic organisms and their relation to
health and disease. When their life
history is known and the principles of
sanitation understood the control of
many of our most insidious and de
structive diseases becomes, relatively
speaking, a simple matter. Without a
knowledge of veterinary medicine the
farmer is tremendously handicapped.
A knowledge of botany is very im
portant because it treats of the repro
ductive functions of plants. What
wonderful transformations have been
made, for instance, in the wheat plant,
sin^e the days when it grew wild and
produced probably one or two seeds per
head. The prolificacy of corn has been
advanced very materially; the fiber of
cotton transformed; the edible qualities
of many fruits so changed that their
original character is entirely concealed.
These are but some of the fundamental
things which botany has enabled the
tiller of the soil to accomplish.
On every farm one must of necessity
deal with machinery in its multiplied
forms. How to do so intelligently with
out training is the problem of the hour.
Can a silo be built without some under
standing of the strength of materials
and the relation of stress and strain to
each other? Can a powerful tractor
engine be operated by one who has
not the faintest conception of the prin
ciples involved? Can complicated plows
and harvesting machinery be managed
by the novice? No. Yet the farmer
is attempting to do this though the ma
chinery which he operates is said to be
the product of skilled workmen whose
efforts are directed by competently
trained engineers. But machinery is
only onfe of many forms of mechanics
with which the farmer has to deal.
The construction of modern barns in
volves an understanding at least of the
elementary principles of architecture. If
his home is to be modern in the sense
that it is properly heated, lighted, venti
lated and supplied? with sanitary ar
rangements proper training along these
lines must be provided. A thousand la
bor-saving devices might be placed on
every farm if the principles of farm
mechanirs were more generally under
stood and as extensively taught as the
exigencies of the situation makes de
sirable.
What if the farmer understands the
principles involved in the various top
ics which have been discussed and yet
is not in position to appreciate the eco
nomic conditions under which he labors?
Is there encouragement in the produc
tion of a fine crop of apples which can
not be profitably marketed? What ad
vantage to the farmer to grow the
choicest qualities of vegetables if he
cannot earn a reasonable increment on
his investment? None whatever, and
owing to the relatively small holdings
of the average farmer and his isola
tion and distance from market, even
when he is favorably situated, there is
no phase of his education which be
comes of.more supreme importance than
that of assimilating and understanding
the principles involved in co-operative
buying and selling. Until this can be
accomplished on a national scale, the
business of farming will not become
uniformly profitable and successful.
This review has been undertaken in
an attempt to impress upon the average
reader the very complicated nature of
education in agriculture, apd to point
out the necessity for projecting .it on
broad cultural lines. A plethora of prac
tice and a modicum of exact knowledge
constitute today the curse of American
agriculture. The issues involved are of
national importance, and upon the prog
ress made in the education of the farmer
must rest the future prosperity of the
country. If he is to rise to the heights
which the teachings of science now
render possible he becomes at once the
dominating factor in our economic situ
ation. If he remains as he is now, on-
skilled and without exact knowledge of
the scientific principles involved in the
permanent organization of his bosiness,
he constitutes a menace to society. In
spite of the lavish expenditures for edu
cation in general only a trifling part of
it is directed to what must now be
clearly recognized by all broad-minded
and patriotic persons as the most fun
damental type of education we can un
dertake to promote and foster at the
present time.
• * •
MANAGEMENT OK ALFA UFA.
J. C. F.. Mineola, Ga., writes: I would
like some information on alfalfa—the kind of
soil, preparation and fertilization, and when
to plant. And <lo you think this climate
would be suitable for this crop? We have
a lot of medium high, pebbly land with
clay subsoil eight to fifteen inches
deep. What does alfalfa seed cost?
Alfalfa does best on a loamy soil
which has a good depth and naturally
drains well. If it is somewhat grav
elly at a depth of three or four feet
so much the better. This is rather a
difficult crop to produce successfully
under field conditions in the southeast
ern states. There seems to be some
thing about the climate ai\d soil which
ernes not suit it so well as the condi-
prevailing in the semi-arid re
gions of the west where surface irriga
te-* s* prowiction of this crop is
to largely resorted to. When attempt
ing to grow alfalfa in Georgia the land
ihould be prepared with great skill and
care. It should be thoroughly plowed
knd then limed at the rate of not less
Than two tons of the finely ground rock
per acre. Plow under a crop of cow-
teas to enrich the soil and supply veg
etable matter and nitrogen. The cow-
pea crop will also help to smother out
of a formula containing 10 per cent of
phosphorus, 3 to 4 per cent of organic
nitrogen and 8 per cent of potash on
sandy land, but on clay lands, the
amount of potash could pe decreased
to 6 or l per cent. Alfalfa should be
seed about the 15th of October so as
to enable it to make a good growth be
fore cold weather sets in. It should be
cut for hay during the first year of
growth but not pastured. It should
produce several good cuttings a year.
If you are situated so you could irri
gate this crop you would probably
find it an advantage, though there is
some belief at the present time that one
trouble with the cultivation of alfalfa
in Georgia arises from the surfeiting
of the soil with moisture during pe
riods of excessive rainfall.
• • •
TREATMENT OF A SORE UDDER.
Inquirer, Belton, S. C., writes: I have a
cow that has a breaking out on her udder.
The sores will sometimes rise like a boil
and then they will go away and I will think
she is well, but they will come again. I
would like to know what the disease is
and how to treat it.
The breaking out on the udder of
your cow may be due to one of several
causes. In any event you should cleanse
the sores very thoroughly. For this pur
pose you can use creolin in the propor
tion of one part to 30 to 50 parts of
water, depending on the nature of the
sore. The solution should be used after
milking and the udder should be thor
oughly washed before milking again
with pure clean water and wiped dry
with;a soft rag. The treatment should
be persisted in until the sores are per
fectly healed. It is well to keep the
cow up if she is in pasture where there
is low swampy ground so as to prevent
the udder form becoming dirty, though,
of course, it is better for her to be
out on clean pastures than in a stable.
If the trouble is caused solely by the
breaking out of sores such as you de
scribe, careful treatment of the char
acter suggested should result in heal
ing the m up.
n # •
DESTROYING LICE ON HORSES.
L. G., Haralson, Ga., writes: Please let
me know, as soon as possible, the best and
quickest way to get rid of lice on an old
horse.
In treating animals for lice the quar
ters must first be thoroughly cleaned
and disinfected, and afterward given a
coat of paint or whitewash to fill all
cracks. It is difficult to free animals
from lice while in infested quarters.
When applying remedies to destroy lice,
a second, application should be made
after five to eight days to kill the young
that may have hatched from eggs laid
before the time of the first application.
Kerosene oil, a strong solution of lye,
carbolic acid solutions and benzine are
effective in destroying parasites about
the quarters of infested animals. A very
good remedy for killing lice on horses
is kerosene emulsion. This is made by
dissolving one quart of soft soap or one-
fourth pound of hard sOap in two quarts
of boiling water, and adding one pirft
of kerosene oil. By churning violently
and adding three quarts of water, the
emulsion is ready for use. Another good
remedy is creolin, one part to fifty parts
of water. Give salt and sulphur to the
animal to lick, and fed well and keep
clean. By following these suggestions
you should be abel to rid your animal
and premises of lice.
* * ♦
COTTON SEED MEAL FOR CALVES.
R. W. writes: In feeding cotton seed
meal to calves six to eight months old, what
amount should be fed when fed with corn
and hay, and what effect does it have on
the calves if too much is fed?
Cotton seed meal may be fed with
safety to calves of both the dairy and
beef type which have reached the age of
six to eight months. Of course, you
understand that it is a very concentrat
ed food and on that account should be
fed with care and discretion. At the
present time we are feeding about one
pound per head per day to calves of the
age mentioned. They were started on
about a half pound per day. In this
section of the United States it furnishes
protein at a lower relative cost than any
other concentrate which the farmer can
use.
The points to bear in mind concerning
the feeding of cotton seed meal to calves
six months of age and over are the
following: “First, feed it only by
weight so as to be sure and not give too
much. From one to two pounds per
head per day may be fed with safety
and with excellent results as to growth
and vigor. It is best fed in winter in
combination with silage or some other
form of succulent food. It may be fed
alone or in combination with chopped
corn and bran. In preparing calves for
exhibition at fairs we have fed one part
of corn meal, one part of bran, one
part of shorts and two parts of cotton
seed meal with most excellent results.
Of course, the calves were fed in this
case all the meal they would consume,
and it was on this account that the com
panion concentrates were introduced into
the ration. For maintenance purposes
we know of nothing so satisfactory for
winter feeding as a combination of
silage, hay, and from one to two pounds
of cotton seed meal, depending on the
size and age of the animals. It is im-i
portant to see that only a choice qual-^> • .
ity of meal is fed. Overfeeding will U/ Q I
produce digestive troubles. " *
CATTLE RAISING IN GEORGIA.
H. B., Holland, Ga., writes: We were
interested in your leter in last week’s issue
relative to the cattle Industry. We have a
large acreage set in Bermuda grass and
wild grasses that could be fenced to make
a splendid pasture, and are thinking of
heifers to start in a small way the line
heifers to atart in a small way teh line
of business suggested. We have about fifty
head of native cows that probably would
serve us very well if we could get a good
bull.
population in rural communities, as it
is to increase the producing capacity of
the people already on the farm.
The average yield of corn per acre
in .the United States is only about 27
bushels.
Our average yield of 'Wheat is only
13.7 bushels per acre—and the average
yield of nearly everything we grow
on the farm is exceedingly low compared
with the yields in other countries.
It is high time we were waking up
and doing something.
One hundred years ago the Mohawk
Valley in New York was the wonder
of Europe, was the wonder of the
world for its fertility, and thousands
of carloads of cattle, hogs and farm
any particular purpose, but which
should be capable of earning frdm $1 to
$3 per acre if properly utilized for beef
and dairy cattle. Our experience which
is now an extended one shows that the
blue grass lands of Virginia will carry
no greater weight of live stock per acre
than the best Bermuda grass lands of
the southeastern states. You will find
the Hereford an excellent grazing ani
mal, and yet while it is only one of the
standard beef breeds, we can recommend
it for use in Georgia. A good Hereford
bull in which you invest $200 or $300
will leave his impress on the offspring
of your native cows even in the first
generation, and by the time you have
developed the second and third genera
tion, you will be surprised to see how
nearly the offspring resembles animals
of the Hereford type. We feel quite
sure if you get rid of the ticks and
make a wise investment in breeding ani
mals you will find you can carry a con-
crops were shipped out of that valley
until its fertility has been exhausted.
The stttlers then moved westward into
the Miami and Scioto valleys of Ohio,
and did the same thing over again. Fol
lowing the exhaustion of these rich val
leys, the magnificent broad prairies of
Illinois and Iowa were brought under
cultivation, and the same process is
now being repeated. Even in the Red
River valley of the north where 50
bushels of wheat to the acre was not
unusual, today not more than 15 bush
els is grown.
To make it possible for the people of the
United Spates to raise, clothe and feed fu
ture generations, we must change our sys
tems of agriculture. We cannot depend
upon Uncle Sam for any more land, and
the only' method by which we can keep
the United States on the map is to make
two blades of grass grow where only one
grew before.
During the same period the production of
StatCS increased 25 Per cent.
Vi® sam f Period the production of
boef in the United States fell off 28 per
fe 7 ye * rs aSo It cost the laboring man
552.05 for his yearly supply of meat-to-
co^t Kffi 3 ” 6 huhiber of pounds of meat
cost $S5.0o, an increase of $33.
In view of all this, what shall we do?
A careful analysis shows that we need
more fertile fields, or rather fields witn
greater fertility. -
We need larger and better herds.
We need better roads.
We need larger bank accounts.
We need better homes.
We need better citizenship.
How can all this be done?
Perhaps no one thing will do more to
secure these things than growing alfalfa.
If that is true, why haven’t we been
growing alfalfa?
Because we thought it was impossible.
Many farmers in the corn belt do not
believe that they can grow alfalfa. They
are under the impression that it requires
peculiar climatic conditions, and a pecul
iar type of soil, such as is found in the
western states, particularly Kansas, Ne
braska, Colorado, California and Utah—
the great alfalfa states. We have reached
the point where we know we can grow al
falfa in the corn belt, and it is now up to
us to grow it.
There is nothing new about alfalfa
Afalfaa is perhaps as old as the pyra
mids. It was grown in the time of
Rameses, the first Egyptian ruler that
history tells us very much about—and
“Iff 1 ° f b / ef th V ra - this is as far back as we need™
lands to which you refer with profit and
satisfaction every year.
* * *
FIGHTING DISEASE IN IRISH
POTATOES.
J. H. T., Loraine, Ga., writes: I would
like to know how to kill the garms on seed
Irish potatoes. My idea is that we can kill
the germs before planting the potato and
thus do away with this dreaded pest. Will
potatoes that have been frozen come up?
You do not state what character of
disease is affecting your potatoes, and,
therefore, we can only surmise as to the
nature of the trouble. Your potatoes
are probably affected with either the
early or late leaf blight, and for this
trouble spraying with Bordeaux mixture
is necessary. The first application should
be made as soon as there is any evi
dence of blight on the leaves, and should
be repeated at intervals of seven days
for a period* of five weeks. ' The Bor
deaux mixture is made by mixing to
gether 3 pounds of copper sulphate, 6
pounds of unslaked lime, and 50 gallons
of water. Dissolve the copper sulphate
in water and slake the lime by adding
water slowly. Pour the sulphate solu
tion into a barrel containing about 30
gallons of w^ter, and add the lime slow
ly to make about 50 gallons. The scab
of the potato may be controlled by soak
ing before planting in formalin for two
hours and then spread out to dry. The
formalin is prepared as follows: Take
1 pint of formalin and add 50 gallons
of water; place the potatoes in a sack
and emerse for two hours. Potatoes
may sometimes be frozen in the ground
and still grow satisfactorily. It de
pends, of course, on the extent of the
freezing to which they have been sub
jected, and whether the frost is drawn
out slowly or rapidly. If the potatoes
were not in the ground and were frozen
enough to cause them to wilt or shrivel,
the chances are they will not grow.
* * •
ADDITIONAL DATA ABOUT RAT-
PROOF BUILDINGS.
G. P. S., Pregnall, S. C., writes: I no
ticed your description of a rat-proof
building, but you failed to state what
height to place sills on piers with inverted
tub from ground. How should steps be
made leading to the door if placed two or
three feet from the ground?
The piers of a rat-proof corn crib
for all practical purposes. Caesar and
his predecessors were strong believ
ers in alfalfa, and their cavalry horses
were fed upon it. Books on agricul
ture, written in the early days of the
Roman empire tell how to grow al
falfa. Doubtless, the world-wide su
premacy of Caesar’s armies and the
Roman empire was due in no small
way to the abundant yields of alfalfa
grown by the Roman farmers—and
when they neglected their alfalfa
fields, the great empire fell, and all
that we have left are the magnificent
ruins of a past civilization and now
almost forgotten people.
The early colonial settlers brought
alfalfa seed with them, and many
years ago alfalfa was in high repute
under the name of lucerne in the At
lantic coast states. Even in that re
mote time, alfalfa was recognized as
having remarkable attributes, al
though it acted strangely under culti
vation, because its habits were not
well understood. One man would suc
ceed in securing a fine stand, while an
other would fail almost completely.
One hundrer years ago the Spaniards
brought alfalfa to Chili, Peru and into
Mexico, and later introduced the plant
in southern California. From there it
spread eastward to Utah, Idaho, Colora
do, Montana, Kansas and Nebraska.
At the present time all the alfalfa
grown east of the Mississippi river is
less than the area of the little state of
New Jersey. The total area under al
falfa in this country is 4,707,136 acres.
Of this area Kansas alone has 956,962
acres of alfalfa—or about one-fifth of
our entire alfalfa crop.
Nebraska comes second with 685,282
acres; Colorado third, with 508,892
acres; California fourth, with 484,134
acres, and Idaho fifth, with 308,89i
acres.
ing them up.
All of the corn belt states are la
mentably shy in the growing of alfal
fa, as is shown by the following rank
in which they come as producers of the'
crop :
Missouri 17
Ohio ...» 19
Iowa 20
Illinois 22
Wisconsin 23
Indiana 24
BOLL WEEVIL SPREADING
SAV GOVERNMENT EXPERTS
Plan of Quarantining Large
Area Has Been
Abandoned
(By Associated Press.)
WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.—As the re
sult of conferences between representa
tives from the cotton-growing states
and experts of the department of agri
culture it was announced today that
practically no change would be made In
the present plan of campaigr against
the cotton boll weevil. Extension of the
present methods of improved culture, it
was decided, offered the best means of
combating the spread and increase of
the pest.
Many plans for the eradication of the
weevil had been offered. The pest is
said to be slowly widening its zone of
activity, and to threaten states not here
tofore invaded to any great extent.
One plan was to establish a quaran
tine strip of country, several miles in
width and running through several
states, on which cotton would not be
planted for one and possibly two sea
sons. In this way it was hoped to
check the spread of the insect and per
mit concentration in fighting it. The
cost of the plan, however, was found to
be practically prohibitive, while experts
were not agreed on its efficacy.
DIFFICULTIES[ IN PREPARING
STL'BBLe LANDS FON COWPEAS
PEOPLE OF MANY STATES
AT CARTERSVILLE MEETING
"Bob" Jones and "Gypsy"
Smith Attract Crowds From
Other Sections
(Special Dispatch to The journal.)
CARTERSVILLE, Ga., Aug. 7.—The
greatest crowds seen in Cartersvillo
since the death of Sam Jones are daily
attending the evangelistic services now
being held at the Sam Jones tabernacle
by Rev. “Bob” Jones, of Montgomery,
Ala., and “Gypsy” Smith, of England.
« Interest throughout this section of the
state is intense, and visitors are here
from middle and south Georgia, North
and South Carolina, Mississippi, Tennes
see and Kentucky, taking advantage of
the special rates granted by all rail
roads leading into Cartersville. Minis
ters from many of the surrounding cit
ies, including Atlanta and Chattanooga,
have attended the services.
In his sermon Tuesday night “Gypsy”
Smith scored the church members who
are living shallow lives, stressing the
fact that Christianity is not a vaude
ville emotion. The Rev. Mr. Callahan,
from the Hadley mission in New York,
spoke on the life of Hadley, founder of
the mission. Scores of conversions re
sulted from the sermons, and the meeting
bids fair to be one of the greatest in
the history of the tabernacle.
VENEZUELAN GOVERNMENT
GOES ON THE WARPATH
need not be over two to two and a half Michigan 29
feet above the ground. Cedar blocks Minnesota 35
may be used for this purpose, or better with the unquestioned ad vantages' of
till, brick. While a dish or tub can alfalfa, we should be growing more of
this great legume crop.
BUILDS UP AGRICULTURE.
“No one more literally abets the
growth of two blades of grass where
one grew before than he who effective
ly urges the cultivation of alfalfa upon
those who are strangers to it, and no
one is more truly working for the bene-
be used to good advantage, a sheet of
metal, such as galvanized iron may be
placed on top of the pier and bent so
as to effectually prevent rats climbing
over it, and thus attaining entrance to
the structure. If attempting to build a
rat-proof barn it would be better to
use a cement foundation, and then in
Place Of boarding up with lumber, string agHcult^e, ThTh^, aTl 7rot
T, lath ,° n heavy J en , cln 6 w ' r f„ a , nd ;perity, than he who proclaims Its ex
plaster with a cement paster both n- cellence as the foremost forage.”—Ex-
side and out. This makes practically , Governor w £>. Hoard.
a rat-proof foundation. The doors of
structure of this kind can be fairly well
protected by making a cement bridge
leading into the main floor. The door
should be hung on rollers and be strong-
An acre of alfalfa yields 5,280
pounds of digestible matter; red clover,
3,200 pounds, and corn. 2,800 pounds.
In every dollar’s worth of alfalfa
there are thirteen pounds of protein—
ly constructed. There should be rollers ln every dollar’s worth of corn there are
so adjusted which will hold the door only e ight dg of protein . The
tight against the wall of the barn when
it is shut. Steps of wood may be erect
ed leading up to the corn crib or cement
may be used. The door should be
flashed with tin or some sort of metal
which will protect it against the teeth
of rodents, and it should be kept shut
at all times or many of the advantages
gained in the type of construction will
be lost unless the crib is so situated
that it can be thoroughly fumigated
from time to time.
pAUM HARVESTER with Binder Attach-
U J'lvii ment cuts and throws in piles on
harvester or winrow. Man and horse cuts and
shocks equal with a corn Binder. Sold in every
all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me
state. Price $20.00. W. II. BUXTON, of Johns
town, Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven
over $25.00 in labor last year’s corn cutting. I
to a shock.’’ Testimonials and catalog free,
cut over 500 shocks; will make 4 bushels corn
showing pictures of harvester. Address NEW
PROCESS MFG. CO., Salina, Kansas
(By Associated Press.)
WILLEMSTAD, Curacao, Aug. 7.—It
was reported, here today that General
Leon Juardo, governor of the Venezue
lan state of Falcon, who was believed
to have been taken prisoner by Castro’s
adherents when they captured the town
of Coro, is marching from the state of
Lara to attack the rebels.
A mysterious steamer was cruising
all day yesterday outside the harbor
here.
great value of alfalfa as feed stuff is,
therefore, apparent.
Alfalfa enriches the soil—grain crops
impoverish the soil.
There remains little mor e to be said.
Every farmer who reads this should be
gin immediately to make preparations
for putting in a piece of alfalfa, even
though it be only one acre. If you
can grow an acre this year, you can
grow ten acres the following year—
and then twenty, forty and even 100,
if your farm is big enough to make so
large a field practical.
Ten acres of alfalfa on every farm in
the United States would give us in
round numbers 64,000,000 acres of alfal
fa. Before the next decade has gone
into history we should be growing 100,-
000,000 acres of alfalfa in the United
States If we do this we will be infin
itely better off than we are today—our
fields will be vastly more fertile and
our crop yields will be bigger and bet
ter—our herds will be larger and the
quantity of butter fat will be greatly
increased—we will have happier homes
—and we will be better citizens.
In certain sections there has been
much complaint this year, as usual,
about the difficulty of preparing the
oat and wheat stubble lands for cow-
peas, soy beans and other forage crops.
This is a real difficulty which will con
tinue to be more or less an obstacle
to the growing of these crops, but it
is a difficulty which will continue to
be overcome as far as possible. In fact,
although a real difficulty, it can gener
ally be overcome with proper manage
ment which is likely to come from a full
application of these crops. We have
often stated that we believe that the
greatest agricultural asset possessed by
the south is the climatic conditions
which enable us to grow two or more
crops a year, and believing this we are
convinced that the cropping system and
the whole trend of the management ot
the farm ought to be towards the larg
est possible use of that asset.
What are some of the things which
may be done to make the preparation
of the oat and wheat stubble lands for
summer forage crops less difficult? Ot
course, the two chief obstacles are the
demand of the cotton and corn crops for
thorough cultivation just at the time
the oat and wheat crops are harvested,
and the tendency of oat and wheat stub
ble lands to become hard and difficult
to put in good condition for seeding.
The first will remain a most serious
obstacle to following oats and wheat
with summer legumes or other forage
crops just so long as the areas planted
to corn and cotton are larger than a
proper cropping system demands, and
so long as the farm equipment is only
sufficient to take care of these crops.
Whenever the cotton and corn crops
occupy such a large part of our culti
vated lands that in time is available for
ether crops, there is a need for a re
organization of the cropping system and
of the general scheme of farm man
agement. The second crop, following
oats and wheat is just as important
as either the corn or cotton crop and
there is no good reason why it should
be thought of secondary importance.
It is perhaps easier to overcome the
unfavorable condition of the soil when
dry weather accompanies the harvesting
of the wheat and oats than to change
our cropping habits. First, the sooner
the land is broken after the oats and
wheat are off the less likely it is to be
hard to put in condition. In fact, if the
disk harrows followed Immediately af
ter the cutting of the oats and wheat
and the land was disked one way and
then thoroughly cross-disked there
would usually be little trouble in break
ing it later and then if it is thoroughly
harrowed immediately after breaking a
good seed bed can be prepared. The
difficulty comes from the exposure of
the bare land to the sun after the oats
and wheat are removed, but ther eis no
reason why the disking should not be
gin as soon as the grain is shocked.
Is this too much trouble? We believe
here is where the whole difficulty lies.
These second crops are regarded as of
less importance than other crops, where
as we regard them as of equal impor
tance with either cotton or. corn.
MACON COMMERCE BOARD
PLANS BI_G BOOSTER TRIP
MACON, Ga., Aug. 7.—A booster trip
throug^i the north, planned by the cham
ber of commerce members, is now prac
tically assured. A meeting of the com
mittee was held yesterday and it was
decided to leavG Macon on Sunday aft
ernoon, August 31, and spend an entire
week on the road, advertising Macon and
the different business enterprises here.
The Central and Southern railroads have
offered several attractive routes to Min
neapolis and return
H. B. Jr., chairman of the
boo»*«r vrain committee, and E. H. Hy
man, secretary, will select the route and*
will also solicit seventy-five business
men from Macon to take the trip. In
addition to a large number of Macon
meh, fifty men from south Georgia have
engaged space on the train.
70,286,000 FEET OF
LUMBER FOR SALE
WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.—Approxi
mately 70,000,000 feet of Douglas fir,
red cedar and western hemlock, and
286,000 feet of cedar poles, are offered
for sale by the government to the high
est bidder, who will be given five years
in which to cut and remove the timber
from the Olympic national forest, state
of Washington. Stumpage prices may
bn readjusted by the chief forester in
1016, f lumber prices obtaining then
warrant it. On one lot of the Douglas
fir no price less than $7.65 will be con
sidered, while on the second block $1.80
will be the minimum. Two dollars and
$2.50 will be the minimum prices for
the red cedar.
RAILROAD FREIGHT SCALES
ARE REPORTED INACCURATE
WASHINGTON, Aug. 7.—Investiga
tion of alleged irregularities and dis
crepancies in the weighing of freight
has disclosed the imposition of unrea
sonable charges said to constittue as
great a discrimination thought would a
difference of freight rates.
In a report of an investigation issued
today the interstate commerce commis
sion declares that “a majority of the
track scales now in use should at onco
be rebuilt in order to obtain reasonably
accurate results.”
ECONOMY
ON THE FARM
Southern Farmers have made
wonderful progress in the past
few years. Advanced methods, im
proved machinery, better labor,
have lightened his burdens. But
the greatest lesson the smartest
Southern Farmers have taken to
heart is Economy. They are sav
ing some of nature’s bounty, and
they are demanding better goods
and more service for their money.
That’s why Shield Brand Shoe
sales are increasing. Shield Brand
Shoes offer the farmers the best
shoe—the longest wear—style—
snap—comfort—at the lowest cost
he has yet had to pay for first-
class foot wear.
Shield Brand Shoes are proving
their merits to thousands and
thousands of the South’s most in
telligent and practical farmers, 1
and therefore they are being worn
and enjoyed by thousands of farm
ers’ wives, and children and la
borers.
Shield Brand Shoes are econom
ical, because they have proven
their trade mark—“Fit Best—
\Vear Longest.”
Ask your shoe merchant for
Shield Brand Shoes. Do not ac
cept the kind that are “just as
good.” Make him get for your
sake, and for economy’s sake,
SHIELD BRAND
SHOES
M. C. KISER CO.
Shield Brand Shoemakers
Atlanta. Georgia
Classy Tailor Made Suits
If you have a good Bermuda and tame
grass pasture you can graze quite a
large number of cattle on it next sum
mer to advantage. Of course, it should
be fenced and you should see that it
is free of ticks, for if these get on any
cattle you may import for the improve
ment of your herd they will cause them
to die of tick fever. This will be such
a loss that you will become discouraged
and feel like abandoning the cattle graz
ing business. There is lots of land such
as you describe in Georgia capable of
carrying a good weight of live stock
per acre which is now not utilized for
Nifty Styles mPF
Latest Nobby Materials r Ufafci
Yes, that’s exactly what we mean. Free—Absolutely
free to the lucky men who consent to be our agents. Here’s
the tiggest chance you ever heard about. The most astounding tailor
ing otter made in the history of the business. Wads of money, $8.00 to
$10.00 a day. Swell clothes to wear all the time. Biggest snap in years.
Rp ft HR* Aorawt Scads of money at your
^ ^ **0^11 a fingertips. Swellest, niftiest
clothes in town. All yours if you are our agent. Here's an offers
If we send you one of our swellest suits made to your own measure, will you try
put the new offer? . Say, it’s a wonder—a world beater. The men who have tried
it are cleaning up nght and left. Get busy. Write now—before someone else does.
$10.00 a Dav Easv Yes sir, ten good hard
•0 round dollars every time
the sun sets, besides the swellest clothes In town. Just think of it, $10 a day
$60 a week, $260 a month. Keep your present position—make this big money on the side!
We Pav All the Exore^^ You do not risk a penny. Every-
7 a rdy f , ! V h . thing free. Write tod .y for the
handsome new style book—shows you the latest styles in both this country and
abroad. All yours to pick from on this great offer. Do not delay an instant. The
big style book, wool samples and particulars are free—yes, absolutely free to you.
Write Tftdav Get t y P u ^. name and address in right away—rush
offer. Write today-NOw'imm^tL^'^ F2S2&
RELIABLE TAILORING COMPANY
Reliable Building Dept 513Z CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
New Parcel Post Map and Chart
of Horse Remedies
We have just bought a large
number of New Four Leaf Charts,
which we are going to give with
The Semi-Weekly Journal. This
Chart contains a 1913 Calendar,
Pictures of our Presidents from
Washington to Wilson, a Chart of
Horse Ailments and Remedies,
giving Symptoms of Diseases and
How to Treat Them; a Parcel Post
Map of the United States, with
instructions; a large State Map of
your own state, besides other in
formation and statistics, valuable
in every household. We are giv
ing a Chart to each person sending
us One Dollar for the following
papers: The Semi-Weekly Jour
nal 18 months, Farm Life 12
months, and Every Day Life 12
months. Use coupon below.
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga.
Enclosed find One Dollar, for which send me Th*e Semi-Weekly Journal
18 months, Farm Life 12 months, and Every Day Life 12 months, and mail
me absolutely free your NEW Ready Reference Parcel Post Chart.
NAME
P. O R, F. D STATE