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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, AUGUST 12, 1913. AGRICULTURAL Education Successful Fahmin%- iBSST $ Andrew f\. |>ouLt This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College, Athens, Da. THE PROMISE OF THE COTTON BLOOM W HO is not familiar with the pro nouncement of the great states man and orator, Henry. Grady? Surely he was right when he exclaimed: “Cot ton, what a royal plant it is!” It was he who said, “The trespass of a little worm upon its green leaf is more to England than the advance of the Rus sian army on her Asian outposts. It is gold from the instant it puts forth its tiny root. Its fiber is current in every bank, and when, loosing its fleeces to the Bun, it floats a sunny banner that glori fies the fields of the humble farmer, that man is marshaled under a flag that will compel the allegiance of the world and wring a subsidy from every nation on earth.” How clearly the truth of these won derfully prophetic words has been shown. In no other section of the world has the welfare of a country been so dependent on the varied products of a single plant as in the cotton growing states of the American union. While every phase of the growing cotton crop, from the day the first tiny green shoot appears above the ground, is of interest and concern to the planter, the real glory of the crop is wrapped up in the bloom. What an Inspiring sight it is to s e the verdant green of the plant covered with buds and blooms which with the rising of the sun will turn to geld as forecasting the destiny of the boll which they herald. By n ght they will be pink and then will give place to the green and growing boil with its promise of riches in the staple and seed, thus providing not only cloth for the manifold uses of man but important nutritive constituents for himself and his live stock. No wonder Interest centers in the blooming of the cotton plant, for the blossom represents the reproductive agency through which mart may hope by study and selection to increase the quan tity *and quality of the fiber and the value of the by-products the seed may be expected to yield. The number of blocms and the time of their appearance determine largely the quantity and oft en the quality of the harvest as well. Without the bloom the stalk would re main barren and unproductive and want and famine ravage the land. Moreover, the bloom of the cotton is singularly beautiful, and its everchanglng radiance of color as it meets and reflects back the rays of the summer sun a constant s'vnrce of Joy and inspiration to the ob server. No wonder the people of Dixie pay tribute to the cotton oloom, for it furnishes so many man-made and essen tial comforts to the human race that without it we would of necessity sink back into barbarism and a condition of living it has taken twenty centuries of industrious effort on the part of man kind to overcome. In order that the relation of cotton ar.d its various by-products to our in dustrial and commercial welfare may be the better appreciated let us con sider for a moment some of the mani fold uses to which it is put. It is quite likely that the bed clothing In 100 per cent of our American homes consists of cotton; that the rugs used In many instances are made from its fiber cannot be gainsaid. The shades In the window and the soap with which tl.e morning ablutions are performed consist of its fiber in one instance and the oil derived from its seed in the other. Cotton towels are so univer sally used as to not even attract pass ing notice. The chances are that the man who arrays himself in the morn ing in fresh “linen” is really wearing cotton clothes, while the lady in her “rustling silks” is dressed in the mer cerized fabric of this wonderful plant. At the breakfast table King Cotton brings other nature comforts by sup plying you with a lard substitute either in the form of a pure and wholesome oil” with which it is prepared and for ucts now so extensively manufactured and utilized in home cooking. The brown of th e biscuit and the delightful flavor of the fried chicken are attribu table to the use of cotton oil in some form In the preparation of your morn ing repast. When you sit down to lunch or dinner, the chances are that the b^ef or the mutton were partly or altogether fattened on cotton seed meal and other by-products of the cotton plant When you are enjoying your salad it is quite likely that the “olive oil” with which it i sprepared and for which your good wife has paid a fancy price was grown on some Georgia farm, and that an oil Just as good and wholesome might have been secured at lower cost and under its real name in the form of one of the refined cooking oils now made from cotton seed which are now so extensively prepared and »old to the American housewife. But this is not all, for the “butter” rlth which you spread your rolls and bread is probably a transformed by product of cotton seed through the piagic agency of the dairy cow. The “woolen” clothing which you wear in the winter in all probability consists partly of the fibers of cotton, while the wool Itself represents the trans formed energy of co,.on seed meal. Even the armies of the world are clad In duck made from the fibers of cot ton. The tents they use are made bf the same material, while from the short fibers or linters is derived an essential element in the preparation of some of the highest and most dreaded explosives known to warfare. The medical practitioner is not independent of the cotton plant for he often uses it In some form in surgery. Jt is not overstating the case, there for**. to say that the bloom of the cot ton evidences the approach of miracles of service to mankind. No wonder its bloom Is hailed with delight. No won der the circling progress of the plant’s development day by day is watched with the keenest interest and heralded by wire and air sent messages throughout the world. The progress and development of the crop is indeed a matter of universal concern and when one pauses to review and con sider the manifold services this won derful plant renders to aianklnd, it is easy to see how its suet ess does con cern England more, as Henry Grady tald, than the marching of the Russian army towards her Asian outposts. It is but proper that we should pause from time to time and pass in review before our minds the blessingB which the cotton plant and its little golden ftljom meets out to the people of the louth. and if we do this it will help us :<> understand and appreciate its -vir tues more completely, and to recon secrate our efforts towards a more jomplete and perfect understanding of Its remarkable possibilities. To those vho have studied the situation, it r.i’Si apppear that we are stiil only P :rmishing on the edge of the sea of Lnowledge as it relates to the possi bilities of developing and utilizing' cot- oii as completely as the Creator in tended when he designed It ana gave it to man as one of his most beneficent gAi-tS. INTRODUCING AND TESTING NEW VARIETIES OF SORGHUM IN TEXAS INFLUENCE OF POTASH IN PLANT ECONOMY. W. B. H., Fayetteville, Ga., writes: I wish you would write me what relation pot ash bears to th-e growing plant, and Is it a valuable plant food in commercial fertilis ers, and do you advise the use of it? Potash is regarded as one of the «■- s' ntial elements of plant food. As you probably know, the food of plants is elaborated in the leaves and the ba- sio material consists of starch. Out of this there is changed and formed the other elements needed in the nutri tion and development of plants. Pot ash is concerned in the formation and distribution of starch; therefore, its function is essential an fundamental to the welfare of growing crops. This element is also concerned In the devel opment of the woody structure of crops and the flesh of fruits. It acts as a reutiallzer ot plant acids, which is an important function. It supplies to the crop an essential element which is oft en deficient in our soils. This is es pecially true of those areas where sand predominates. T. ert is a considerable Quantity of potas in what we call our red clay lands, but it is often not in an available form owing to the low con tent of hme in our Georgia soils. Ap plication* of lime would set some of this potash free, and then its use in commercial fertilizer would not be so necesf-ary or essential. Where lime is not used it would seem to be neces sary to apply potash. For corn and cotton on red clay land, 3 to 4 per cent of potash will often be sufficient amount to use where appli cations of 500 to 800 pounds of fertili zer are made to the acre. On sandy lands the content of potash should be increased to 6 or 7 per cent; for truck crops and potatoes as much as 8 to 10 per cent of potash will often be ad visable, particularly on sandy soils. For the reasons assigned, it seems to us that potash should be used in al most all tjhe fertilizing formulas util ized in Georgia. IRRIGATION IN GEORGIA. F. H. D., Lynn, Mass., writes: Is Irrigat ing considered necessary In Georgia? Can alialfa, Japanese clover and mangel beets be cultivated successfully ? Is it possible to raise anything for gfeen forage crops te feed stock during December, January, Feb- ruray and March? Do Yorkshire hogs do as well and mature as young as in states fur- tbeir north, or because of scald or cholera are black breeds given the preference? What is the ruling price of young sows and Doars eight to ten weeks old, and wha: are hogs r.ady 'for the market worth? Do you have a dry and rainy season? Is the north ern part of the state most fertile? BY A. B. CONNOR, in Farm and Ranch, j Much work has been done in the past j five years toward introducing and lest- j ing out new and valuable varieties of \ sorghum. This work has been carried j on rather extensively at Chillicothe, * Tex., where a forage crop testing sta tion is maintained jointly by the United States department of agriculture and the Texas agricultural experiment sta tion. Considerable sorghum work has been done also at Amarillo, Dalhart and San Antonio experiment stations. More than 600 varieties have been tested in a single season. From these, several very promising varieties have been ob tained.. There is apparently no limit Lo the work of introducing new varie ties, as each year brings a certain num ber of new varieties unlike any before *rrown in this country. All sorghums, from the viewpoint of the farmer, can be put in three Masses: (1) the grain producers; (2) ;he forage and syrup sorghums; and (3) che brush producers. Within the past few years the value of grain sorghums in Texas has ap proached that of Indian corn; in fact, n drouthy seasons one finds sorghum rain more widely distributed than In- ian corn. It not only suplies the feed ers in semi-arid regions,„ but immense quantities are shipped into the corn uowing region and fed there to work nimals. The grain sorghums may be uti- zed for grain alone or for grain and orage. They are frequently used as ilage crops. Kafir corn produces silage ully equal in feeding value to that of i>dian corn. It is, no doubt, better .*ited for use as silage than most other arieties of grain sorghums. Either - ahr or feterita will yield a heavier onnage than Indian corn. Sections •adapted to kafir and feterita are better ! provided with silage crops than the more humid sections. Kafii and milo are the principal grain sorghums at the present time. Feterita, kowliang and shallu are re cent inti oductions of great promise or certain conditions. While none of hese introductions excel Kafir and milo under any and all conditions, each is especially suit d to c rtain conditions nd under such conditions will give nore favorable yields than milo or a fir. The Kafirs require a long growing period and are able to delay maturity until favorable rainfall oc curs. Milo matures in a comparative ly short period and con inues growth vintil it has matured a seed crop. If unfavorable conditions prevail the seeu crop will be light, but in all cases some grain is produced. Kafir and milo are in no wise similar in general habit of growth an dhence the two crops may be grown advantageously on the same farm, one supplementing the other. The feterita has a bluish white col ored seed, perhaps slightly larger than the seed of dwarf milo. It is very much like the milo in habit of growth and in length of growing period. It is Trade and Crop Re ports from the South —From Bra<lstreet*s. Irrigation is not considered necessary in Georgia, as the rainfall In this state varies from forty to sixty inches per annum. If the soils are properly pre pared and fertilized and the moisture conserved enough may be stored in the soil to answer all purposes of crop pro duction in the average year. Like all sections of the country an occasional drouth occurs. This may come at differ ent seasons of the year. The driest sea son in Georgia is generally from Sep tember to December, and there is often a good deal of rain in January, Febru ary and sometimes March, and occasion ally .in June, July and August. There is sometimes considerable dry weather in April and May. Alfalfa, Japan clover and mangel wurzels can be grown in Georgia with considerable success. Their extensive cultivation in the state, however, has not been practiced. Green feed can be produced without difficulty during the months of December, January, February and March in this state, and may be ob tained from seeding a variety of crops. All the cereals may be used for grazing purposes. Vetches may alsoi be seeded In the fall along with crimson, burr clover and other legumes. Yorkshire hogs have not been intro duced into this state in so far as I know. If they are bred here at all I am not acquainted with the fact. White hogs have not made as much progress In the south as either the red or black breeds. It is the belief that the white hogs scald more readily when exposed to the sun. I have no theard, however, that they were considered more suscep tible to cholera. One can raise several of the best breeds of "nogs now handled in the United States with perfect suc cess in all part of Georgia. The ruling price for young pigs is from $5 to $15 at eight to ten months of age. The breed and character of the animals de termines largely the price obtained. Hogs ready for the market will com mand anywhere from 5 to 8 cents a pound, depending on condition and qurl- lty; sometimes they sell as high as 10 cents a pound. In the northern part of the state the soils are of a clayey character and most ly red in color. They probably contain a greater amount of total plant food than the soils In the southern part of the state. The soils in the southern part, however, are easier to work be cause of their lighter and more friable character. In nothern Georgia lime should be used rather freely, and an abundance of leguminous crops plowed under and yard manure applied In order to add vegetable matter and improve the physical and mechanical condition of the 80iL A HOG BREEDERS PROBLEMS. VV. D. S., Arlington, Ga., writes: I have a herd of fine Berkshire hogs and have to buy feed for them. I am using shorts, a * little tankage and some corn meal. Will you suggest a good ration for five months old pigs mad of shorts and tankage or blood and shorts, or using one-third meal with the aborts. I also want a ration for my brood sows. I have been using beet pulp well soaked for them to take the place of green pasture. What do you think of it? and corn for the older animals. Our best results have come from feeding about ten pounds of digester tankage, meat meal or blood meal with ninety pounds of corn. The corn may be ground and the meal mixed with it and fed dry in troughs to brood sows. It would not be advisable in our judgment to attempt to feed tankage by itself. The combination of tankage and corn makes a good ration for mature ani- meals. We have also found shorts and corn meal mixed in equal porportions and fed as a thin slop an excellent ood for brood sows. This ration is re garded as an especially good milk pro ducer and one calculated to nourish the animal system at a time when the drain on it is very severe. You should keep the following mix ture in a box where the animals can get at it at all times and thus secure plenty of mineral matter: One pound wood charcoal, 1 pound sulphus, 2 pounds sodium chloride, 2 pounds so dium bicarbonate, 2 pounds sodium hy posulphite, 1 pound sodium sulphate, and 1 pound antimony sulphide. By all means give them as much range as pos sible and provide some green feed, and lay down a succession of grazing crops to be used during the spring and sum mer. You should plant rape immediate ly, and follow it with cowpeas, soy beans, peanuts and artichokes. We would not regard beet pulp as a very satisfac tory food for hogs even after it is soak ed. It is too bulky for animals which have limited capacity in the digestive tract. Corn is not a satisfactory food by itself either for brood sows or fo; growing pigs. It does not contain enough protein to provide them wit: the amount needed for their prope nourishment, and to insure their rapi ' and uniform growth. You will find a combination of corn meal and shorts in the proportion of one to two a satis factory combination of concentrates t< use for pigs about five months old. This should be fed as a rather thin slop It is important to keep ‘he troughs in a sanitary condition, as this helps t keep the appetite on edge and will help to prevent disease breaking out among the hogs. It is hardly necessary, in our judgment, to mix shorts and tank age together since both these foods carry a considerable percentage of pro tein. We have found blood meal and digester tankage good to use for hogs which are fed on corn. We would prefer to feed the shorts and corn meal to young hogs, and reserve the tankage DAIRY MANAGEMENT IN SQTJTB GEORGIA. C. D. 8., Parsons, Kan., writes: I would like some Information concerning the care of dairy cows in the southwestern part of Georgia. Are ticks bad and is Texas fever known in and around Thomasvllle?, How is the best way to eradicate them? Can good cows be purchased in south Georgia with an average of four gallons per day? Would It be wise to ship cattle from Kan sas to south Georgia? What assistance can be obtained from th? college towards start ing a good, clean, sanitary dairy? There are cattle ticks in the vicinity of homasville, Ga., and if they get even the native cattle in large quanti ties, they will often produce Texas fe ver. Where one has only a limitea number of animals and a moderate sized farm, the tick situation can be han dled with a fair degree of satisfaction. It is, of course, necessary to fence tne farm and ail the pastures. Divide the pasture into two sections, and Keep tn« cattle ff one for four ana a half to six and a half months. Then remove all the ticks from the cattle by hand pick ing or dipping and turn them on the tick free section, and keep them off the infested area for the same length oi time. In this way you may clean your pasture from ticks. Then, ir you have your farm properly fenced and no rein fection takes place, you should have no serious trouble from this pest. Where one only has a small number of animals, hand picking may be resorted to or the ticks may be destroyed by brushing them off and gathering them up and burning them, or by applying orude pe troleum, tick oil, cotton seed oil, or kerosene and lard in equal parts to the legs and lower part of the body, In cluding the tail. This makes It much more difficult for the ticks to attach themselves to the animals. Shipping cattle from Kansas into south Georgia would be a dangerous un dertaking unless you were certain that the land on which they are to graze Is tick free. While you can find some fairly good dairy foundation stock In the southwestern part of the state, it will be hard to find four gallon cows In any considerable numbers, but In our judgment you would find It better) to start with the native stock and build up rather than to bring In pure-bred stock from tick-free territory. You may grade up the native stock quite rapid ly by the use of pure-bred sires which you can confine in a feed lot and thus prevent their becoming infested with ticks. The college maintains a dairy exten sion department, and is glad to send in formation to all seeking 'assistance along this line. Our extension agent visits the different sections and con fers with the farmers In regard to the ereotoion of barns, silos and out build ings, and the feding and management of the live stock. perhaps four or five days earlier than milo. It always produces erect heads. : The plant varies in height from three and a half to six feet, but a uniform strain can be had by selection. This non-uniformity of feterita at the pres ent time is perhaps its greatest fault. Experimental work conducted at Chil licothe, Tex., indicates that feterita is slightly more resistant to drouth than milo and compares very favorably to it in yield. In some cases the yields have exceeded those of milo. Grow ers should rigidly select their own seed for a uniform strain and should com pare yields carefully with those of milo. Kowliang also produces an erect seed head. The seed may be either white or reddish brown in color. Kowliang va rieties vary in height from three to eight feet. Dwarf varieties are gener ally better suited to the semi-arid re gions than the taller ones. Kowliang requires a shorter growing period for maturity than dwarf milo or feterita It will produce, under favorable con ditions, perhaps smaller yields than milo and for this reason should not bo grown as a staple crop where milo is dependable. It is especially suited to regions of high altitude and low rain fall. In such sections it will be found a more dependable grain crop. Shallu was introduced from India some years ago and has since persisted as a crop in certain sections. It is known ii^ various sections as “Califor nia wheat.” “Egyptian wheat,” “Mexi can wheat.” etc. It is a grain sorghum with a very pithy dry stem. The height varies from 4 1-2 to 8 feet. It is rather leafy and the fodder is of some value, though the stalk contains no saccha- ?ine matter. The seed head Is produced in a lar*re. open panicle and hence its grain yield is frequently overestimated. Experimental work conducted thus far with shallu at Chillicothe. Amarillo. Dalhart and San Antonio indicates that this crop is not as productive of grain ns Kafir or milo Its onen panicle., however, makes it difficult for birds to destroy it, which 1s of considerable importance whore birds are numerous. The sweet-stemmed sorghums are primarily suited to forage production, but are utilized to a considerable ex tent for the production of syrup. Like the grain sorghums, ‘hev vary greatly in growing period, leafiness yield ana sugar content. As a rule, early ma turing varieties are *low yielders of forage. Varieties requiring long grow ing periods produce generally heavy forage yields. They make good silage if allowed to thoroughly ripen before harvested. In extremely dry sections it Is necessary to evade drouth, but only in such cases are ‘he early maturing varieties recommended. The amber variety, an early maturing sort, gives an average yield of about four tons cured hay per acre, whereas the su mac, under the same conditions, but requiring a longer growing period, will yield 7 1-2 tons per acre. These two are the best varieties for Texas for forage purposes. Others such as orange, planter, gooseneck, honey sapling, etc., are intermediate in for age value. The gooseneck and honey may perhaps be valuable silage crops, but at the present time, all things considered, sumac is considered pref erable. The gooseneck and the honey are excellent syrup sorghums and produce heavy syrup yields. The quality of the syrup produced is not quite so good as that from orange, which is considered best in flavor. Good syrup is also made from sumac and amber. The broom corns are grown almost entirely for brush. After it has been removed the stalks are frequently util ized as forage. Three types of broom corn are available at the present time, the Standard, the Dwarf and the Dwarf Standard. The Standard grows to a height of eight or ten feet and pro duces long, coarse straw, used in the manufacture of brooms and coarse brushes. The height of this crop makes it necessary to table it or break over the stalks before cutting the brush. The Dwarf broom corn grows to a height of three to four feet and produces brush with a very fine straw. It is used principally in the manufac ture of whisk brooms and other sim ilar brushes requiring small, tough straws. It is a high-priced product. The Dwarf Standard is a new broom corn which generally grows to a height of about five feet. In texture and length of brush it is about midway be tween the Standard and Dwarf. This broom corn is not generally grown at the present time, but is likely to be come of considerable importance in regions suited to broom corn produc tion. One of the most important fac tors in the production of broom corn is that of securing uniform brush. Uni- | form stands are conducive to uniform brush. This crop requires skilled la bor in harvesting, as the quality and price of the brush is largely dependent upon time and method of harvesting and curing. CHOP CONDITIONS FINE mm milledgevillE Cotton Late, but Will Be Picked In Week or Ten Days MILLEDGEVILLE, Ga., Aug. 9.— Crops in Baldwin county and through out this section of Georgia continue to make unbroken progress and for over two months now conditions have be^n exceptionally favorable. The corn crop of the county is as sured as one of the largest ever grown, many farmers making from 25 to 50 bushels per acre and several acre yields approaching the 100-bushel mark. The cowpea and hay crop promises well and C. R. Torrance has thirty five acres in velvet beans that is an exceptionally interesting sight. The cotton crop is ten days to two weeks late, but is doing well and the indications are that the first of the new crop will be coming in within a week or ten days. Mllledgeville is one of the largest inland cotton markets In the state and business men generally anticipate a big business the coming season. CHINESE EX-PRESIDENT MAY COME TO AMERICA (By Associated Press.) MOJI, Japan, Aug. 8.—Dr. Sun Yat Sen, former provisional president of the Chinese republic, arrived here today from Formosa. He was traveling incog nito. he would remain in Japan or go to America. IftT’fVT’n'F'R ATTACHMENT with corn JLfrXJ JLi JLu harvester cuts and throws In piles on harvester or hi wiu- row. Man and horse cut aud shock equal with a corn blntlor. Sold In every state. Price only $20.00 with fodder binder. J. D. Borne, j lias well, Colo., writes, “Your corn harvester j ail you claim for It; cut, tied and shocked 6f» aero* milo, earn* and corn last year.” Testi monials and catalog free, showing pictures of harvester. Address PROCESS MFG. CO., Dept. 2, Salina, Kami. CHARLESTON, S. C.—Trade in all lines continues quiet, though whole sale dealers report a good many orders on file for shipment August 15. Collec tions are slow. Cotton continues to i tap rove, and the outlook is bright for a good crop. CHATTANOOGA—Wholesale trade Is good, except with mill supply houses, which say trade is lax as a conse quence of the low price of lumber. Paints and drugs are only fairly active and lumber is declining. Iron seems to be improving, and it is probable that the furnaces here will be started in a short time. Textile manufacturers appear to be optimistic regarding the future. Coal seems to be about normal. The peach crop does not appear to be more than 25 per cent. Building is less active. There is a good demand for money, and collections range from slow to fair. Weather conditions the last ten days have been favorable to grow ing crops. MEMPHIS—Jobbers of hardware, groceries, shoes and dry goods report business active. Retail trade is con fined to clearance sales. Collections are only fair. Cotton is in excellent condition, and prospects for a big crop are good. ATLANTA—The merchants’ conven tion has brought many visitors and stimulated trade in wholesale lines. Cautious buying is still in evidence, but a hopeful feeling prevails. Collections are fair. Both cotton and co^rn are in splendid condition, though harvesting of cotton will be about twenty days late. SAVANNAH—Trade is quiet and col lections are slow. Cotton crop condi tions are encouraging. Anticipations pointing to better crops than usual this year have caused a more optimistic feeling on the part of buyers. Building is active. BIRMINGHAM—No. 2 foundry pig iron is firmer, with demand showing a slight increase. Dealers in lumber and hardware report a fair volume of busi ness, but, on the whole, wholesale trade is quiet. Collections are slow. MOBILE.—Cotton crop conditions in this section are excellent. It is af fected to some extent by boll weevil, but it is believed the yield will equal last year’s crop. Trade in all lines is quiet and collections are slow. • MONTGOMERY.—Good weather pre vailed this week and crops of all kinds are more promising. Retail trade is fairly active, but business at wholesale is quiet and collections are slow. JACKSON.—Trade, wholesale and re tail, is quiet. Collections are slow. Extremely hot weather is of advantage to the cotton crop. NEW ORLEANS.—This section is being favored with good weather, and prospects look good for a better year than we have had for six or seven years. Cotton farmers are working diligently and hopefully, and so far the boll weevil has done no very great damage to the crop. Honduras rice, which ripens before the Japan product, Is being harvested. For the former grade there is immediate demand. It is estimated by some that from pres ent indications tne yield will reach nearly 8,000,000 sacks, or about 1,500,- 000 sacks over 1912. As a consequence prices will be slow and planters’ prof its very little in excess of expenses. The Louisiana corn crop will robably be the largest in its history, and other crops are doing well. Jobbers report somewhat increased activity in sales, with collections fairly good. DALLAS.—Retail trade is quiet, as is usual at this season. Jobbers of dry goods, hats and caps, boots and shoes and millinery report a large vol ume of business. Collections are fair ly good for the season. The weather during the past week has been ex tremely hot, and on the high and sandy lands cotton has suffered some dete rioration, but in the lowlands and in the black land district the crop is in fine condition. The opinion prevails that this state will raise 5,000,000 bales FORT WORTH—No rain of conse quence, except in spots, has fallen in Texas for more than a week. Tempera tures have been high, and some vegeta tion has suffered. The effect of dry weather on cotton is yet to be determin ed, and may affect the ultimate yield. Drouth has injured corn, and a great deal of late corn has been destroyed. Prices for cattle are up 10 to 15 cents on steers and cows. Retail merchants are conducting clearance sales, and they report quite an active business. Job bers speak well of conditions and re port very good collections. Money is in demand, but on account of anticipat ing the needs for the movement of crops, loans are being carefully scruti nized. SAN ANTONIO—Wholesale trade is good and collections are improving. The markets are flooded with watermel ons. Cotton prospects are falling oft, owing to boll weevil in some sections and drouth in others. THE CROP OUTLOOK. A record-breaking crop of winter wheat, an average spring wheat crop, and a total wheat crop of 750,000,000 to 775,000,000 bushels, is now generally conceded. Prices, however, hold steady, being affected by the apparent short ages, compared with last year’s enor mous yields, of animal feeding stuffs, such as corn, oats and hay. It is felt that with liberal, in fact record sup plies of old corn and oats carried over, the money return to the farmers this year will be not far short of that of 1912. Absence of rain has impaired corn in the southwest, and the area of dam age has increased. In Oklahoma, Kan sas, southern Nebraska and a large part of Missouri, the need of rain is acute, and much damage has undoubtedly been done. Rain is also needed in parts of Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. In fact, except in the northern states of the corn belt, rain is imperative if great damage and a material shortening of the yield is to be avoided. In the northwest corn has become an impor tant crop, and there the yields will, from present indications, be good. Returns from oats threshing point to the crop as a whole being a light one, and the same is true of hay, which is a very irregular crop. Southwestern pastures are in poor shape and there is a rush of half-fed cattle to central markets. On the other hand, there is a reverse movement of corn from large markets to the interior, and in parts of Kansas corn is bringing 3 to 5 cents a bushel more than wheat. Railroad traffic west of the Missouri has fallen off because of impaired crop prospects. Dry weather has unfavorably affected the hurley tobacco crop in Kentucky and the cigar leaf crop in eastern Pennsyl vania. while early frost hurt the Wis consin crop. Aside from a deterioration in cotton reported on the light sandy or high soils of Texas, the reports from that crop this week are favorable, and indeed arely so uniformly good at this stage of the season. New* Orleans reports th-t the farmers have been earnestly combating the boll weevil and that good returns are probable. Memphis reports a big cotton crop in prospect, the Ala- arr.a crop has improved, the Georgia re- •oris use such words as splendid and no, and the Caiolina reports chow im provement. It may be recalled that the WHY NOT CAN YOUR OWN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES FOR WINTER? BY MRS. S. E. BUCHANAN. Canning fruits and vegetables by the * present day process is a great improve-1 ment over the methods used by which our foremothers used to prepare them for winter use. Preserving as we, now practice it was unknown then, j There were but two processes through which some of the vegetables and fruits might be prepared for winter, one was drying, the other preserving in sugar. All fruits were dried in the sun, and honesty compels us to admit, they were not always dried carefully, or in a sanitary way. Spread in the sun on clotties, sometimes on the house top, sometimes on temporary scaffolds, the fruit was exposed to dust, bees, flies though the more careful house wives usually spread a thin cloth over them to protect from these things. Preserving in sugar was tedious and expensive, since every ambitious house wife felt her pantry, which was always ample, must have a store of such good things, equal to the demand of the great number of visitors that in those days were expected at all times. Pick les and brandied fruits were put up usually by the kegful. But the pan- tries and storerooms of today have shrunk from those generous propor tions. Like our old-fashioned smoke houses, whose rafters were hung with delicious, home-cured hams, sides and shoulders, they have changed quar ters to the grocery, “no more are they seen" and appreciated. • While this is true, like some other late day changes, the making of fewer “preserves,” as we understood the method is quite a relief to the house wife. Canned fruits and vegetables are more wholesome and more easily prepared. Canning is th** easiest and quickest method of preserving fruits and vegetables. With proper facili ties and careful management it is the safest and least expensive. i.ne best fruit should be used; it must be ripe but firm. When glass jars are used and they are best, it is necessary to have the top fit well and to use new rubbers every time. Rub bers after being used harden and will not allow the tops to sink into them sufficiently to make them air* tight, and care should be *taken in adjusting the rubbers to have them fit securely under the lid. Some prepare the fruit and vegeta bles and put to boil large quantities in kettles, then fill and seal the bottles. We have found the following plan the most successful. Peel and place in jars, whole or cut, (if fruit) as desired. Fill the Jars with cold water and let them stand until ready to place over the fire; then pour off the water, refill to the brim with fresh water, adding one teacup ful of sugar to each half gallon of iruit. Have the rubbers on the Jar^ and put the tops on loosely. Have a vessel three or four inch s deeper than the jars, place a penorated wooden bottom one inch from the bottom of the* vessel; set the Jars on this and fill the vessel with cold water to the tops of the jars. Instead of a perforated, wooden bot tom., a few splints of several thick nesses of coarse cloth may be used. Place over the fire and let boil. The length of time required depends on the fruit or vegetables used, some requir ing more than others. Berries, grapes, peaches, pears, etc., require only a few minutes* boilinter. When they have boiled sufficiently, if the water does not cover the fruit, open the jar and fill with boiling water. Replace the top, remove from the fire and tighten the tops. When cool, tighten the tops again and in a few hours they should be examined and if necessary again tightened. This seems troublesome, but it is necessary with some Jars. Vegetables are canned as directed above, with this difference; when the : jars are placed in the vessel to boil they must be covered with water, they also require longer boiling. One tea- spoonful of salt to each half gallon jar adds to the flavor of the vegeta bles. Tomatoes require three or four minutes to boil, beans, corn, bets, re quire longer time, from one to three hours. Success in canning depends upon four things: (1) the vessel containing the fruit or vegetables must be filled to the brim; (2) they must be put up boiling hot: (3) must be perfectly air tight; (4) keep In a cool, dark place. If these precautions are carefully ob served there Is little danger ot loss of fruit. BIGGER YIELDS TO THE ACRE ARE THE THINGS WE NEED MOST As a basis for better living more money must be obtained by the farmers from the acres tilled. In this connec tion it is well to remember that 337 1-2 pounds of lint cotton per acre at twelve cents per pound for lint and $20 a ton for seed, is equal in money value to 175 pounds of lint cotton at tewen- Jy-five cents a pound for lint and $20 a ton for seed. The money value In each case is $47.25. It is apparent to anyone which is the easier to accomplish. The most complete co-operation could probably not compel the world to pay twenty- five cents a pound for more than a small part of the present cotton crop, whereas, it is an easy matter for any farmer so to improve his lands that he can grow 337 1-2 pounds of lint cotton per acre where only 175 pounds is now produced, and he can do this even though his neighbors will not do likewise, or will not co-operate with him in a legitimate effort to maintain fair or higher prices. But there is an other side to this proposition of in creasing the yield per acre, which Is generally overlooked. To produce 337 1-2 pounds of lint cotton has on an average for the last fifty years re quired about 1.9 acres. If this cot ton had been produced on ondf acre, which all will admit could have been done with good farming, then for every ! acre planted in cotton to make the an nual crops which we have produced,! there would have been an additional nine-tenths of an acre for growing hayl and corn. Who will attempt to state whatj wealth such a system of farming would have brought to the south during the last half century? It would have enabled the south to' have produced her own mules, corn, hay and hogs, and the profits saved* on these alone would have made the south the most prosperous agricultur al section in America, because cotton produced in such a manner Is the best crop grown in America. If we are ever to have the money necessary to build up and maintain rural conditions that will be as at-i tractive to our boys and girls as the cities have become through modern de-' velopment and inventions, it must come* through greater yields per acre than we have made in the past. The man • who makes only about 175 pounds of lint cotton per acre, which we must remember is the average man, and must buy mules, hay, corn and meat, can not spare sufficient from his earnings to make rural conditions attractive. TRUCK GROWERS’ RALLY TO BE HELD IN QUITMAN (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) QUITMAN, Ga., Aug. 9.—A truck growers’ rally to be held in Quitman in November is the project of the Brooks County, Industrial club as out lined at a meeting last night. One of the objects of the club is the develop ing of the truck business. The farm ers in the county will meet here in No vember and talk over the proposition. If a certain number of them will agree to plant so many acres of early truck crops, the Industrial club will take up the matter of getting buyers here at the proper time to market the stuff. It is hoped that at least 500 acres will be planted in cucumbers, Irish po tatoes, onions, cabbage, early sweet corn. Mallory Bros, have already an nounced that they will plant twenty- five acres in cucumbers, thirty in Irish potatoes and ten in early corn. It is believed other farmers will agree to try these or similar crops. The club will invite A. J. Powell, of Dixie, who has made a success of truck growing, and others, to give their experiences and opinions at the meet- southeastern states last year were in the poorest condition; short yields were general. The corn, rice and sugar cane crops of the lower Mississippi valley are very promising, and Louisiana prpmises bumper yields of corn and rice. The melon crop of Texas breaks all records, and one shipment of ninety-five cars of this fruit is recorded. Invention May Cause Death of All Warfare (By As.ocl.ted Press.) PARIS, Aug-. 8.—It Is stated that the French government is watching a se ries of extraordinary experiments at Havre with an Invention of a man named Ullvi, who Is said to have dis covered means for projecting ultra-vio let rays a distance of fourteen miles, and exploding gunpowder contained In a metallic box. It is claimed that the rays also will explode torpedoes at the same distance. JUDGE MADDOX TO HEAD VETERAN CAVALRYMEN ROME, Ga., Aug. 8.—At the annual reunion of the First and Sixth Georgia cavalry regiments held here, Judge John W. Maddox, of the Sixth Georgia, was re-eelcted as president; J. L. Hargis was made vice president; G. W. Arbell, chaplain; J*. A. Wynne, of Cedartown, adjutant; John W. Bale, son of a prom inent member of the First Georgia, now deceased, was made assistant adjutant. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of 1 For That Picnic —to ensure complete success take along a case of The satisfying beverage—in field or forest; at home or in town. As pure and whole some as it is temptingly good. Send for Fr Booklet. Delicious—Refreshing Thirst-Quenching Demand the Genuine - Refuse Substitutes. 51-A At Soda Fountains or Carbon ated in bottles* THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, Atlanta, Ga.' 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