Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

6 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, AUGUST 22, 1913. St AGRICULTURAL IT ni ir A^nnxT Education -and Successful £ark\\n%" pBEW ft &0ULC BUSINESS PRINCIPLES AS IMPORTANT ON FARMS AS ’THEY ARE ELSEWHERE This department mill cheerfully endeavor to furnish, any information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College, Athens, Ga. SOME NEEDS OF THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY FART H. The sheep industry finds admirable j there are suitable markets for such ani- iocal conditions for its development. , mals as may be finished for slaughter. The hothouse lamb is in demand. Recent- ! suoth but which is undersupplied and ly they have sold as high as $1 a; There is not a packing house in the pound. in the gulf states cereal crops having to depend to a considerable ex may be grazed practically all through tent on cattle or Hogs brought from the winter, and they produce a most distant states. The markets of the luxuriant and desirable herbage for j south are improving from year to year sheep and lambs to graze on. Grain;and better prices are being paid. There of suitable character can be produced \ is probably some discrimination against in the south in sufficient quantity to j the stock finished locally, but there is supply the needed concentrates, and i also another side to the question in that permanent grass pastures can be had J this stock may not be of as good a for summer grazing. The country is ad- grade or as well fed oft* as that obtain; mirably watered and the climate is mild. ! ed elsewhere. There has been an idea There is only one serious menace to the 1 in the minds of many that western beef development to this business on a; was better than native beef, and thus considerable scale, and that is the cur 1 there has been a tendency to pay more dog which is allowed to roam at large j f° r poorer grades of- western meat and to dominate the community because! shipped to the south than for native of the ignorance, greed and indifference j moats .which are certainly as good in of a few voters who seldom stand for j many instances. A campaign of educa- progress and avancement. Just so long | tion and enlightenment along this line er as our ideals will permit a miserable, / much to aid in bettering mar- worthless dog to replace in our affec-1 conditions, increasing their capacity, tions the luscious lamb chop and the: lessening ‘discrimination, and resulting delightful leg of mutton with the profit - ir ] the far-mer securing a better price. and luxury it brings to any community, If the commission man wants the live just so long will this industry lan-i stock business developed he must be £ U i sh willing to pay the producers a fair If a live stock business commensu-! p " ce and not <L° mb ine against them for rate with the needs of the south is to | the purpose of extracting an undue be developed, freight rates and the IP™® 1 at , their expense. P j There is no section where pastures handling of live stock on the part of our railroads must consideration. The railroads can not be, , .. .. . . expected to put on special stock trains!: south, and there are the cereals hay ..... ...... made from legumes. and above all. sil- receive immediate | ofa raore Permanent or desirable char acter can be established than in the made from legumes, and above all, sil age. There is also produced that ad mirable companion food, cotton seed meal, king of all concentrates in the matter of supplying cheap protein. Com bined with a minimum ration of corn for beef cattle, bran and shorts for ... . ., - . .. . _. dairy cattle or fed in conjunction with onstration to the feeder that a profit- - - 0 ,. OT , , , . . . . . .. .. .. silage or hay from the legumes, an able market can be found for his live- until there are animals to haul to mar ket, but there is no reason why greater expeditions and care should not be ex ercised in the handling of such ani mals as we are now procuring. The roads can afford to make some sacrifices in this direction for the sake of dem- ideal ration at a reasonable cost is al- The advantages which st°ck and that he can deliver them to ava ilable. that market in good condition atj the farmers of the south en joy ln this a fair cost and in a reasonable length h t are unsurpassed elsewhere. of time. The handling accorded live Durl an experience coverln& a peri od stock by many of our roads is absurdly twenty years the writer has seen and characterized by the greatest in-j hcrse breedlng> hog breeding, beef and difference on the part of'the men inj dairy cattle and sheep breed centers es- the immediate charge of the trains, tablished in localities where natural There is no reason why they should be surly nor is there justification for the conditions were anything but favorable at the inception of the work. All these slamming and jerking about to which: classes of stock have been produced live stock is subjected. Moreover, the j at a p r0 fit and to the advantage of*the live stock cars might a,t least be attach- farm owners. Laying a part of the ed to the fastest and the nearest j land down to grass has resulted in its through freights the road operates In- increased fertility. Top dressing other stead of being handled as is frequently parts of the farm with yard manure the case on local freights. No doubt \ ha s new' life to the soil. The intro- the live stock departments of the vari- given has new life to the soil. The in- ous roads realize the need of improve ment in this direction and will work assidiously to have rates reduced, schedules changed and improved, and the operatives of the road disciplined with reference to the handling of liv® stock. The' south is short on competent vet erinarians, and without their aid and service it will be difficult to adequately develop the # live stock business. There Is a very marvelous difference between the “horse doctor” and the veterinarian. At the present time we are afflicted with the former, but .extremely short on the latter. The quack is a nuisance and a detriment to any community. His remedies are impotent, his advice based on superstition, and his treatment quite at variance with nature. No wonder the rilan who pays $1,000 for a pure-bred stallion and entrusts him to his care and finds him dead the next morning is dis gusted with the live stock business. Animals to be kept healthy and in a vigorous condition must be rationally fed and treated. They must be main tained under sanitary conditions and the little ailments to w'hich they are sub jected diagnosed properly. This cannot be done except through the services of competently trained veterinarians who become established in a community and give their time and attention to the promotion of live stock industries ^just as business or professional men in other lines of work. In order that progress may be made in the development of our live stock business, it is desirable that breeding centers be established, at several points in any state. Of course, if cattle are selecte4 for the special work in view, it is desirable that ticks be eradicated, and in practically every state there are coun ties where the work is either in progress or completed so that there is no rea son why public attention should not be directed to the possibilities these phases of the business afford. An appropriation of several thousand dollars a year with which to produce and, maintain in the different communities pure-bred sires representing the different classes of stock will result in a period of three to five years in so materially changing and improving the progeny that a revelation will have been wrought in the eyes of all observers. Moreover, a new industry will then have been established in that particular area, and immediately it be comes a center for the distribution of pure-bred animals to other sections of the state, and an illustration as well of the advisability of establishing a similar enterprise in another community. These practical demonstration lessons should be made through the agency of the State College of Agriculture and its extension service. The cost to the state is trifling compared with the great benefits to be derived. It is hoped that a number of these centers may be established in Georgia at no distant date. The question now arises as to whether diversification and has given the farmer something to sell at practically all sea sons of the year instead of being de pendent on one crop as has been the case hitherto. A new ambition and pur pose has come into the life of the peo ple. Profits have been made from the business where it has been judiciously managed. These are some of the bless ings which will surely follow the in troduction of live stock has resulted in munities which have so long remained indifferent to it. Does it not offer a golden opportunity to all farmers who are seeking to escape from the thraldom of cotton? ANALYSIS OF CYANAMID. J. R. H., Swainsboro, Ga.. writes: Please tell me the analysis of cyanamld, and of ani mal tankage, and is the nitrogen contained in them worth as much as that in* cotton seed meal and soda Calcium cyanamid, about which you in quire, contains from 10,to 16 per cent of available nitrogen; when chemical ly pure it contains as much as 35 per c^it of nitrogen, but the commercial product known as lime of nitrogen is no£* pure. In appearance it is a fine powder of a dark gray color. It is made from calcium carbide, the substance so familiar in the production of acetylene gas, and pure nitrogen obtained from liquifying air. The carbide is reduced retor into which the nitrogen is passed. The product is removed in the form of a hard cake which is cooled out of contact with air then crushed to a pow der and exposed to the air before pack ing. Theoretically, 64 pounds, of cal cium carbide combine with 28 pounds of nitrogen to produce 80 pounds of cal cium cyanamid mixed with 12 of carbon in which case the mixed product would contain about 30 per cent of combined nitrogen. These results, however, are not realized in acthal commercial oper ations. Animal tankage varies widely in com position, depending on the source from which is is obtained, Tankage contains from 4 to 12 per cent of nitrogen, and from 2 to 18 per cent of phosphoric acid. Concentrated tankage is of coorse the richest form of this mate rial. Pound for pound of available ni trogen, it is probable that the nitrogen in these two sources of material is as serviceable as that in many other forms. There is a difference in the relative advailability of nitrogen from different sources, and the comparative cost of a pound of available nitrogen must always be taken into consideration by the farmer who desires to purchase this essential and costly element of plant food in the most economical man ner. Cotton seed meal furnishes an organic form of nitrogen, and nitrate of soda the most quickly available form- known. These two sources of commercial nitro gen can be used to great advantage by Georgia farmers, but other sources should not be excluded unless it Is shown that they are too costly or be- in swine breeding, as in every other industry, the business side of the in dustry is a very important feature. That it has often been overlooked has resulted in unsatisfactory profits and ultimate discouragement even when the breeder has become fairly well acquainted with the details of the busi ness. Success in any business is very largely dependent upon the managers business habits. The investment in swine breeding, whether it be breed ing registered stock to sell as breed ers. or raising pork for market and home use. must be treated as capital in any other business. Since land values have increased considerably within recent years and feed crops are more expensive to producq, breed ers must look carefully to the cost of raising swine. It is a very difficult matter to pro duce cheap pork without keeping ac counts. Some idea must be had as to the cost of feeding and marketing each animal. Without this, the breed er can never be sure he is making money. This information is neces sary not only at the time the animal is disposed of, but while it is being fed. The best way to keep accounts is to take an inventory at the begin ning of the year, making note of the value of the farm, equipment, feeding stuff, animals on hand, etc., then fix a price on all the feed consumed, grazing crops utilized and labor re quired in taking care of the animals until sold. This will require that scales be handy, feed be weighed, and daily or weekly records be kept. But this is worth while. There is no oth- way accurately to determine what pork costs per pound on your farm, and this information is necessary for your success in breeding and feeding. The most important consideration in raising hogs is crops for feed. It is seldom profitable to raise hogs where all come too slowly available t.o meet the needs of farm crops. POULTRY AT THE STATE COLLEGE, correspondent writes: I understand tunt there has been established a poultry department in connection with the State College of Agriculture, and I would like to have some information concerning it. It is true that a department of poul try husbandry has been established in the Georgia State College of Agricul ture, and that provision has been made to organize the work of this department along quite extensive lines. Some ten acres of land will be at its disposal. Brooder houses have already been con structed. and incubator and exhibition houses will be built during the summer. Our professor has considered it better policy to raise his own chickens, and al ready has several hundred on hand. It is our intention in the course of the next year or two to have a 200,000 egg plant, and maintain at least 1,000 lay ing hens. Our work will be projected along several lines. There will be the commercial phase. We will endeavor to make this part of the work self-sustain ing, because we desire to impress upon the people of the state the economic im portance of poultry husbandry, and we believe that the students whom we in struct will be inspired if they realize that the work is being carried on profit ably. We will also maintain a number of breeds for study and comparison and experimental work. Naturally, a good many investigations into the merits of incubators, the relative efficiency of breeds, the utility of various foods, and the best conditions for maintaining chickens under our climatic conditions will be undertaken. We propose that our plant shall be a source of informa tion and constant guidance to the poul try industry of the state. It is our in tention to put -representatives of this department on the road so that they may talk to our farmers at" institutes, extension schools and other .meetings held by the college from time to time. We will have a correspondence depart ment in which an attempt will he made to jjnswer all inquiries relative to the business. The professor in charge will attempt to gather all the information and advice possible relative to diseases and their control. Naturally, we will have short courses In poultry husban dry at the college, and' all our student body will be brought into touch with the work of this department. We hope to organize and develop in the next two or three years one of the most efficient poultry departments in the United States, and to make it of value, not only to Georgians, but to the people of other sections on account of the em phasis which we will lay on research and expriment. THRESHING PEAS BY -MACHINERY. J. S. M., Bartlesville, Ga., writes: I am contemplating buying a pea threshing out fit run with a six-horse gasoline engine, and would like to have your opinion of such a machine. With dry peavines how many tons can be threshed in a. (lay? What per cent of peas does It crack? How would it do with wheat, oats, rye and barley ? TRY OUR RAZOR-SENDNO MONEY. We have purchased one of the so- called farmers’ threshing* machine out fits to which you refer, and have found it quite satisfactory. It is, of course, strictly a farmer’s machine, and has, relatively speaking*, a small capacity on that account. The machine does satis factory work as to efficiency, and we have found the six horse power engine quite capable of pulling the load with out. trouble. As to the quantity of peas you can thresh per day with such a machine that depends on many condi tions. If the hay is unusually dry and from varieties of peas that have rather short vines, you may possibly thresh as many as sixty bushels. If it is long vined hay, such as would be obtained from the Clay and other vigorous grow ing varietties. you will probably not thresh over 20 or 25 bushels. We have found it necessary to remove the con caves and change the pulleys in thresh ing peas to prevent cracking. When the hay is not too dry and the machine is run at a moderate speed only a small per cent of the peas are cracked. I do not think we have been able to thresh over 300 bushels of oats in any one day with our machine. Presumably it would thresh a little faster. We think you will find this machine satisfactory for the purpose for which it is sold. f *550VALUE r* N0W0NLY*165 L THIS *192 STROP and HONE FREE BREEDS OF HOGS FOR GEORGIA. A. L. C., Faceville, Ga., writes: Which breed of hog do you consider superior, the Puroc-.Tersoy or Polnnd-Chinag Which Is largest at the same age with the same treatment? 25 YEARS The Duroc Jerseys are now consider- GUARANTEE ably reduced in size over the average of i this breed a few y^ars ago. They vary ! USE OUR RAZOR 10 DAYS—Test its quality yourself. You will get the | easiest and smoothest shaves you ever had, for a better shaver could not I he made. You will agree with us this Razor is worth $3.50. If you don’t, send I Razor back and we -will charge you not a penny. If you are pleased, pay our I wholesale factory price of $1.65 and the Razor, our Corrugo Strop and our I Escher Hone are all yours. When you see the goods they will prove their value. |tAME.. greatly in this respect, however. They are not quite equal to the Berkshire and Poland China in size, but they bear a j close relationship to these breeds in j form, though they differ radically in color. The Duroc Jerseys with their; rather light straight heads, drooping; ears and smooth and neat frame bear ; no little resemblance to the Poland! Chinas in form, but they are larger and stronger in limb. They stand high among the American breeds as to pro lificacy, but in this respect there is not wide variation from that of a number of other standard breeds. Possibly in some sections where the Poland China has been bred for great refinement and >"^1y,™ c »rn there la not quite *. the same degree of prolificacy as wit nessed in the Duroc Jersey. There ...St, orR. F. D.No .-Box would be very little difference, however, 12 in weight or rat# ©£ gain made by* Riga The M1DDLEBR00KS RAZOR is Hollow Ground, made of the finest s'.eel. Guaranteed for 25 years. It is a beauty. The patent clutch Corrugo Strop and the Eschcr Hone are included with-each razor sold free to introduce them. They I are alone worth the special price for razor. If you purchase razor, you may, if | desired, earn through handing out a few cards, the mirror and the brush shown. SEND COUPON NOW —You cannot lose. Our Products are fully guaranteed. MirPLEBROOKS CO., Dept. 12 162 N. Dearborn St. Chicago, III. -COUPON MiddlebrooksCo., Chicago. „ . , _ ... . Gentlemen: I accept your Razor. Strop and Hone offer. If razor is satisfactory, I will sena you your special wholesale factory Price of $1*65. and no charge is to be made for trial. the feed must be bought. Breeders know this and try to raise as much of the feed as possible. All of the grain should be raised, forage crops planted for grazing, and as much of the concen trates produced on the farm as is possi ble. Usually it will be necessary to buy only a small quantity of concen trates such as cotton seed meal, tank age, shorts, bran, etc. Many crops that furnish protein, can, as a rule, be grown br. the farm. Among the crops that may be grown for this purpose are alfalfa, peas, soy beans, peanuts, etc. As the protein is the most expensive element in a feeding stuff when bought, it will be seen that good business requires that these crops be grown when possible. One of the advantages of raising swine is that these animals consume by products and some products that would otherwise be wasted. Skimmed milk is a by-product from the dairy, yet it is a most excellent feed for swine. When fed with grain and pasture, skimmed milk generally insures economical gains. On most farms there are sweet pota toes, sorghum, unsalable fruits, surplus vegetables, all of which should con tribute toward economy in feeding. Where cattle are fed corn economy re quires that hogs follow the caitle as this saves grain and enables the breed ers to reduce the cost of feeding. Since the cost of producing swine is very largely dependent upon the cost of feed, it follows that the cost of pro ducing crops is a large factor in cheap pork, or economical fitting of breeding stock, The price of pork will generally fluctuate q.s the price of corn and other grains rise and fall. Likewise will the breeder’s profits depend upon what it cost him to feed corn, kaffir, milo, graz ing crops, etc. Pasture in permanent fields must also be taken into account because it has value and it is a part of the original investment. Grazing* crops must be made use of freely where the permanent pasture is not sufficient to furnish succulent food when it is needed, .and since the per manent pasture is seldom ample for this purpose, special crops must be grown. There are a number of crops that may be used for this purpose and the breed er must select those that produce the most pork at the minimum price. To do this, a knowledge must be had of the cost of growing the various crops. It may require several years for the man ager to arrive at the estimate of grow ing crops, but it can be done and it should be done in order that the feeder may have satisfactory information. Much depends upon the conveniences at the disposal of the feeder in reduc ing the cost of labor. The place must be supplied with water, if possible, un der pressure, so that the animals may have an abundance of pure water, not only for drinking, but to cool their bodies in hot weather. Economy de mands that little time and* labor be re quired in watering the herd. An abundance of hog wire is always needed to permit the manager to fence off his fields to be grazed so little time will be lost in transferring from one field to another. A general plan should be followed in building farrowing pens, breeding pens, and the various pastures and fields. Simplicity, convenience and economy should be striven for to allow a wider margin on the profits. It will cost something to keep the pens, water, feeding troughs and sur roundings sanitary, but it is absolutely necessary from a business point of view. One outbreak.of cholera or swine plague may destroy the profits and demoralize the herd for several years. The breeder cannot afford to take any risk, hence he will incur the expense of keeping the place sanitary as necessary cost in production. The cost of marketing is an item that should have the greatest attention. Ev ery breeder should carefully work out his own plan, remembering the advan tage of co-operation with his neighbors and fellow-breeders, and striving al ways to sell his animals on their mer its. Every dollar saved in marketing Is? one dollar more to add to the profits. It is hoped that some of these sugges tions may seem practical, and cause some one to work out business princi ples that will make his operation^ more successful. from well selected individuals of either breed. There is as much variation in weight, character and quality of animals due to the method of feeding and hand ling pursued,, as of the different breeds. There are so many factors of individu ality entering into a discussion of this question that a definite conclusion can not be reached. You may rest assured, however, that there is no wide differ ence between the two breeds in the re spects mentioned in your letter. DESTROYING LICE ON CATTLE. J. M. B., Rome, Ga., writes: Please ad vise me bow to kill lice on cattle. Would also like'to visit the college of agriculture to get some information on farming. Lice may be destroyed on cattle by the use of a solution of creolin in the pro portions of one part to fifty parts of water. Any of the coal tar dips will answer equally well. It is important to feed the animals carefully and keep the quarters thoroughly clean. All straw and litter on the floors and in the stalls should be gathered up and used as a source of humus in the fields, but if there is only a small amount it should be burned. The mangers, rubbing posts and fences should be thoroughly white washed. The creolin may be put on with a mop or hand spray pump or in some other convenient manner. The treat ment should be repeated from time to time. Visitors to the college are welcome at all times. It is best to write and let us know when ypu are likely to reach the college, as in this way arrangements can be made to show you around to better advantage than if you just drop in un expectedly. Hundreds of farmers now avail themselves of the opportunity to visit the college and see what is being done by the various departments to se cure information and advice of primary importance to the farmers of the state. 'DTWrT>‘IJ*T> Attachment with Corn Harvest- A/ JZfXV er outs and throws in piles on harvester or winrows. Man and horse cuts and shocks equal with a Corn Binder. Sold in every state. Price $20.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johns town, Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven all you claim for it; the Harvester saved me over $25 in labor last year’s corn cutting. I cut over $500 shocks; will make 4 bushels corn to a shock.” Testimonials and catalog free, show ing pictures of harvester. Address NEW PROCESS MEG. CO . SALINA, KANSAS. Trade and Crop Re ports from the South —From Bradstveet’s. Shows how to earn this swell tailored-to-order suit in an hour. How to make $33 to $65 a week, ju st by show ing your fine FREE) SAM PLE SUIT and our beautiful samples to your friends. Lowest Wholesale Prices lever heard ot We pay ex- 1 press charge,. Fellows every, where going sviM about our styles. I* most qua! ity guaranteed $w™ r lr?£4ff,AS ier l ca » We send magnificent SAM PLE OC1FIT and everything FREE. You pay notmng. sign nothing, promise nothing—ana aaad no experi- crnSp . *Y“ lt until BOO how handaoma your TREE SAMPLE gULI n before yon decide to bo our Agent. More quick money HOW INCREASED FERTILITY OF SOIL HELPS MARKET PRICES thta than ynn'eTer thought’poaeibior 80 easy to make it you astonished. Only one FREE 8AMPLE BOOK to each will be t county. Territory goingfait".” Senduay our iname today". ~ Chicago Tailors* Isi’g, Dept. &S0 faa Buren St, Chicago RICHMOND—Crops are in good con ditions. Corn • and tobacco have been improved by rains, but fruit is short- Late vegetables are in fair condition. Trade is active, due to special efforts to attract buyers to market. Collections are slightly better. CHARLESTON. S. C.—Trade and col lections continue slow. The cotton crop is in fine shape, and the first bale of the new crop was received here this week. The * crop is about one week earlier than last year. CHATTANOOGA—General trade con ditions, considering the season, are satis factory. Wholesale dealers in dry goods and notions report trade about normal, while dealers in boots and shoes think there is a slight improvement in their line. Pig iron is selling better and prospects are more favorable. Little change is noted in textile lines. Tem peratures have been high for the week, but a general rain on Thursday relieved conditions, and crop prospects still are good. /MEMPHIS—Midsummer dullness pre vails in all lines. However, crop con ditions are excellent and prospects for fall are good. Collections are slow. ATLANTA—Over. 1,200 merchants visited the convention here, and in con sequence trade, wholesale and retail, is gcod. Collections are* fair. Crop con ditions continue favorable. SAVANNAH—Trade in all lines con tinues quiet, with collections slow. In dications are that a change in the sea son and the moving of crops will great ly improve conditions, hence brisk buy ing for fall and spring requirements is anticipated. Lumber dealers report busi ness quiet BIRMINGHAM—The big iron market is firm, with demand showing a slight increase. Trade, wholesale and retail, is only fair. Collections are slow. Crops are in excellent condition and prospects are good. MOBILE—Trade in all lines remains quiet and collections are slow. Crop conditions continue favorable, and large harvests are expected. MONTGOMERY—Trade conditions continue fairly satisfactory. Some im provement is noted in wholesale lines. Collections are poor. There is very lit tle activity in building. Cotton and corn continue to advance under favor able weather conditions, and the out look for large yields is good. JACKSON—Wholesale trade is sea sonably normal, but retail business is quiet, except for clearance sales. Crops are in very good conditior^. Collections are slow. NEW ORLEANS—Local showers have fallen over this district almost daily during the past week, but there has been no excess of any consequence, and crops will be benefited rather than damaged. Some rice harvesting is be ing done, and a few of the cotton plant ers report their crops as rapidly matur ing. Prospects continue to look good for a favorable yield of all crops. Job bers report increased activity in sales and collections fair. Rains have affect ed the retail trade, which is usually slow at this season FORT * WORTH—Continued dry weather and high temperature is very much deteriorating cotton in the central western and north central western parts of Texas. Upland cotton is suffer ing from lack of moisture, without which very soon a large part of the crop will be lost. Those who claim to be posted, however, state that with rains in these sections within the next ten days and cooler nights in September, material improvement can be made. For age crops have been practically made, and it appears that a sufficient amount has been harvested to carry farmers through until next season. Retail trade is quiet, the extreme heat and unpleas antness of the weather having affected this line very much, still a good busi ness is looked for in the fall. Col lections continue fair. THE CROPS. Crop reports to Bradstreet’s this week show that the heavy rains or showers that visited Iowa, Illinois and the eastern corn belt this week did not extend into Kansas or the other drought-stricken sections. Besides the heavy damage in Kansas, injury rang ing from 25 to 50 per cent is reported in Nebraska south of the Platte river, western Missouri and parts of southern Iowa. Central Illinois, the two prin cipal corn-growing states, eastern Mis souri and parts of Indiana and Ohio have been helped by rains, and the damage has been arrested. Iowa now reports enough moisture in the state to carry the crop to maturity. Late ad vices are that some rain has fallen in Topeka, Kan., but the corn crop of Kansas, judging from reports, is a prac tical failure, and that state must buy corn or use wheat and other feedstuffs to take its place. Trade estimates of' damage since August 1, the date of the government report, are a further loss of 300,000,000 bushels. The total crop promise, maximum estimate, now does not exceed 2,500,000,000 bushels, or about what was gathered in 191. Spring wheat harvest is about com-' pleted in northern Iowa, South Dakota and southern Minnesota, and is now ac tive in North Dakota and northern Min nesota. A good crop of excellent quality is indicated in spring wheat as a whole. Winter wheat threshings are rather better than earlier indicated, and 525,- 000,000 bushels minimum is a prevail ing estimate, which with an 'average spring wheat yield indicates i total wheat crop in* excess of all previous records. The apple crop of Washington prom ises 60 to 70 per cent of last year, with pears and peaches a short crop. Except in Texas and Oklahoma, the southern corn crop promises well, and the south this year will not need to buy as much corn as usual. Aside from some deterioration in north central and west Texas and parts of Oklahoma, due to high temperatures and dry weather, Cotton crop reports are generally favorable, especially so from the 'lower Mississippi and the eastern half of the belt. Tobacco in Virginia, Maryland and Kentucky has been helped by rains, and the outlook has brightened. THE REAL SIZE OF THEf CROPS. The government report of August 8 indicated only two out of twelve lead ing crops as likely to show gains over 1912, these being winter wheat and rice, with increases of 27 and 8 per cent re spectively, while such important crops as corn, oats, potatoes, spring wheat and hay fell off 14, 27, 20, 30 and 12 per cent respectively. As several times before stated, however, the fact needs to be borne in mind that the 1912 crops ■ of these five staples were record-break- i ers, and far and away larger than in i any preceding year. Hence the danger i of making comparisons rather unfavor- i able to the present year, which, after • all, still promises comfortably large to tal yields”of most leading crops. To in stance the variation of results when compared with a year of really short crops, it might be worth noting that ten out of twelve leading crops this year show gains over 1911, such, for in stance, as corn and barley, 5.5 per cent; winter wheat 19 per cent, spring wheat 22 per cent, all wheat 20 per cent, oats 11.5 per cent, hay 16 per cent, rice 17 per cent, and potatoes 15 per cent. When one considers the agencies at work it is not difficult to understand why agriculture is attracting so much attention. In the first place, every one Ttcognizes that agriculture is the foun dation upon which all industrial, educa tional and social fabrics must be laid. It is a foundation deep and broad. In the sense we wish to apply the word agriculture here it means the science or art of cultivating the soil, harvesting the crops and selling the products of the farm. It is a potent fact that the' success or failure of a community and the happiness and con tentment of its people depends upon the success or failure of its agriculture. Crop shortage in any community tends to depress the spirits of the inhabi tants of the community, it matters not whether the majority of its inhabitants are engaged in agriculture or not. All are affected alike in times of short crop yield. And this is one of the reasons why there is such a stirring among all interests to further and advance agri culture. During the past few years great at tention has been given to the question of conserving the fertility of our soils. If the nation’s prosperity depends upon the productiveness of the land is it not wise that it be lengthened? Rob a soil of its productiveness and its wealth- producing function is impaired. It is then the part of wisdom for our nation’s rulers to consider the question of the soil and its power to bring happiness and contentment to our people. It is all well and good" for us to spend our energies in devising methods to find a market for the products of the farm, but it is infinitely more vital to the sth.bleness of our institutions that we address ourselves to the perpetuat- 1 ing of the soil’s power to produce crops. Deplete the soil of its fertility and the' marketing question will adjust itself. The two most important problems! which at this time confront us are the 1 * conserving of the soil fertility and de-’ vising a method of marketing farm pro ducts. Our soil's fertility must be! conserved and the farmer’s surplus pro-' ducts sold. A system of agriculture! that robs the soil of its power to pro- 1 duce is a ruinous system, and if fol-. lowed will impoverish the nation. There' is no need for a soil to become less pro-, ductive because of the crops grown' upon it. binder the ordinary sys tem of agriculture practiced, the soil is' being robbed of its fertility and power 1 to produce. If this system of agri culture is persisted in we shall be forced to go to the other nations for our food 1 supply. Should this ever become nee- 1 essary our boasted civilization would'. become a memory. It is not our purpose here to discus* the methods of farming which will both increase our soil’s fertility and power to produce. We have before done this. But' we wish to emphasize the importance of' a serious consideration of these ques tions which effect permanency of agri culture and the happiness of our peo ple. Our national and state govern ments are placing these matters before) the farmers for their consideration and' it is a patriotic duty which they owe 1 the government to adopt and follow the method suggested. It will insure Vu perpetual fertile soil, increase the' wealth of the nation and bring happi ness and contentment to our people. A COVERCROPTO FOLLOW COTTON A Mississippi reader makes the fol lowing inquiry: ‘What is best to sow In cotton at last plowing for the ben efit of these prairie lands, crimson clover or vetch? Remember these lands are to be turned for cotton during coming winter and spring.” We regret that there is no crop known that, will make sufficient growth sowed when the cotton is laid-by to be of any great value if turned under dur ing the following winter and early spring. Certainly neither crimson clover nor vetch will serve this purpose,for these plants make this purpose, for growth during March, April and May. If the cotton is not too thick cow- peas might make considerable growth, but they are objectionable when they make such growth, because a serious obstacle to cotton picking. As a rule, however, they do not make satisfactory growth and it is doubtful if the sow ing of cowpeas in cotton will or should become general or popular. Rye or oa + -s sowed at the last working of the cot ton is not likely to make much growth during the hot months of August and September, if they are not actually kill ed; but the rye being a better grower in cool weather might make sufficient growth during a mild winter, or in the southern part of the cotton belt, to jus tify sowing It, even though it must be plowed under in March. On the whole, It is probable that in the southern part of the cotton belt any cover crop sowed In cotton, had better be sowed immediately after the first picking, rather than at the last working, unless the crop is cultivated later than Is the general custom. In fact, even in the northern part of the cotton belt, it is questionable if this is not also true. Cotton occupies the land too large a part of the year to make fall-sowed cover crops satisfactory when cotton follows cotton year after year. We do not believe that any satisfactory cover crop can be used when cotton occupies the land every year. It stays on the land late and preparation must begin early, and at best the idea is fundamen tally wrong. We shall probably nev er build up or maintain soil fertility until we recognize the basic fact that to obtain a satisfactory crop rotation no one crop should occupy more than one-third the cultivated land, certainly not until we are willing to limit the cotton crqp to at least half the land and grow it on the same land not often- er than once in two years. CONDUCTOR’S HEAD IS SEVERED BY OWN TRAIN (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) DALTON; Ga., Aug. 21.—Conductor Ed Salmon, of a north bound Southern local, was Instantly killed when run down by his own train near the Waugh street crossing at 11:30 this morning. His head was completely severed from the body, being picked up along side the track. He was supervising placing some cars on a side track when killed. His home was ln Rome. CITIZENSHIP DENIED TO RUMANIAN VOLUNTEERS BERLIN, Aug. 21.—The Rumanian government, which promised to confer citizenship on Jews who served in the army in the recent campaign against Bulgaria, seems bent, according to the Tagerblatt on restricting its action to the narrowest limit. GEORGIA CORN ACREAGE NGREASEO BY 600100 Acreage for 1913 Is 4,061,- 412—Fine Condition Prom ises Bumper Crop Reports of the United States depart ment of agriculture recetevd in the Georgia agricultural department show more than a 600,000 increase ln corir acreage of Georgia • over last year. These figures were arrived at Wed nesday morning by Assistant Commis sioner of Agriculture Daniel G. HugheS. and show the acreage for this year to be 4,061 J12 against 3,383,061 ln 1912. or a gabs of 678,361 acres over the pre ceding »ear. The total corn acreage of the coun try is 106,884,000, according to the fed eral reports just received and of that vast area Georgia represents .0381. The system of reaching approximately the acreage of the state Is simply to tako thlty-eight thousandths of the United States report, which gives the total for Georgia. This tremendous increase will mean a like Increase ln production of corn 1 and the excellent condition of the cropl presages one of the most successful 1 years for corn growers ln the history of the state. NEW PATENT CHIEF SIGNS FIRST RECORD WASHINGTON, Aug. 21.—To Harry McKenzie Ridge, of London, England, has fallen the distinction of being the first inventor whose patent has gone on the record in the United States office bearing the signature of the new com missioner, Thomas Ewing. Mr. Ridge is safeguarding his interests in a “muf fled roasting furnace,” which he al ready has patented ln other countries. “Just what is a ‘muffled roasting fur nace?’ ” demanded an inquisitive visit or of the clerk today who had entered the record. “A muffled roasting furnace,” repeat ed the clerk, scratching his 1 ear with his pen, “why It's—I should say it was —Oh, I’ll be hanged if I know." YOUR FALL SUIT FREE Mmd9 to Your Mommupm $30 to $40 would not buy a better one, but you get it for nothing. Not a cent to pay. Simply wear it, tel! your friends where you got it and make ‘1010 ‘15 a Day Hand Tailored Clnssy Linings Millionaire Trimmings Swell Cat taking their orders. It is dead easy) You never saw a nobbier salt or • more stunning pattern, cut la strictly advance style (8 months ahead of the times). Your choice of 60 patterns to choose from. Drop us a postal card for heavy pattern book, inside Infor mation about styles, self-measuring, blanks, etc., etc. Don't wait. Every thing free —we pay eipressage. Get ahead of the other fellows—write this very minute. A postal will do it. AMERICAN WOOLEN MILLS CO. Dept KM], CHICAGO Treat Them) to the treat of treats— always welcomed, by all, « ' everyhere- Sparkling with life—delightfully cooling- supremely Free Booklet I supremely wholesome. Delicious—Refreshing Thirst-Quenching At Soda Fountain* r 52-A Demand the Genuine- Refuse Substitutes. or Carbon- ated in Bottle*. THE COCA-COLA COMPANY, Atlanta, i Tailoring Salesmen WANTED We want live, energetic hustlers, men who can make good; who are ambitious to start m abusinesa of their own. No canvassing; no experience required: no capital necessarv. We furnish everything to start. Hundreds are making from (lOO to $200 per month and exi enses. We guarantee absolute satisfaction and take all the risk. We — are one of the largest woolen mills in the country and positively have the only up-to-date, high-quality, low-priced tailoring on the market. t greet many of our en are making from $25 to $50 Every Week mmmmmmm mmmm t»i—n wmmmmmmMm nm—■■ ■ , i We furnish a complete agents’ outfit, consisting of iargo sample book (not a folder), ordor blanks* tape measures, advertising matter—m fact every thing essential to the conducting of a high-class tailoring business. Write today for this big outfit X8& We will start you at once on the road to Success. Be sure and write today. DANIEL WOOLEN MILLS, Dept8, 300 Green SL, Chicago