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THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 1913.
AGRICULTURAL
JQqL Education
SUKKSSm. fARWIN^-
LNDBEW /A- SOULt-l
This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information.
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State
Agricultural College, Athens, Ga.
CONSERVING GEORGIA AGRICULTURE
A GRICULTURE is the one uni
versal Industry. The most an
cient literators theorized ex
tensively about it. History is filled with
references to its intimate relation to the
rise and fall of nations. It constituted
the lirst remunerative occupation of
man and still remains the most impor
tant. Although the oldest of the arts
it is the least understood and appre
ciated of the sciences. The earth has
seemed so large until recently and na
ture so lavish in her gifts that it has
not been necessary to apply construe- ceive.
of oil, which is equivalent to forty gal
lons. Under favorable conditions from
forty-two to forty-four gallons of oil
may be secured from a ton of seed, and
it would be possible through plant breed
ing and through the selection of strains
showing the highest content of oil to in
crease the yield of oil considerably
above that now obtained. From our
point of view this is a matter which
the state should enable us to do for
the benefit of the farmers through more
liberal appropriations than we now re-
tive methods to the cultivation and
conservation of the soil. Thus much of
the prlceles streasure which cosmos
A ton of seed will probably produce
813 pounds of meal, 35 pounds of linters
and 725 pounds of hulls, in addition to
a waste of 127 pounds per ton charge
able to dirt, trash and loss in handling.
In some mills where the highest grade
of meal is not produced, they may turn
out a larger quantity of meal per ton
and a less amount of hulls than indi
cated here. Under other conditions the
quantity of meal may be less than the
figures quoted here and the hulls even
higher. These figures are the best I
can give you under the circumstances,
and represent possibly fair averages.
* * *
DESTROYING THE GRAIN WEEVIL.
E. B. F., Edison, Ga., writes: Can
you give me a remedy for destroying weevil
in corn and peas—when it is first gath
ered and also for keeping them out after
the corn is harvested?
placed originally at our disposal has the oil mentioned above. This allows
been dissipated.
It was only yesterday that business
men reached the fundamental conclu
sion that permanent wealth comes from,
the soil and not fi-om the forest, the
mine and the ocean. This has brought
with it a new vision of truly alarming
proportions because it indicates that
throughout the lapse of centuries igno
rance and soil robbery seem to have
been the two prerequisites of agricul
ture. Under such management capita]
account has been seriously impaired,
tlfe economic nutrition of the world’s
population threatened; an abundant sup
ply of raw materials imperiled, cons
cience lesened and credit restricted. In
view of this situation it is not surpris
ing that the bankers of Georgia should
gather together to discuss and con
sider ways and means for regenerating
the agriculture of a great common
wealth.
WHAT IS THE MATTER?
Emerson, tbe greatest of America’s
essayist, aptly said: “The first farmer
was the first man, and all nobility
rests on the possession and use of
land.” We have wandered far afield
since the enunciation of this great prin
ciple. The aristocracy of the world were
once land owners, and though they may
not have given as much study and con
sideration to the problems of the soil
as its importance Justified, still they
have their personal superintendence to
the estates which they possessed. To
day the land owner prefers to live in
town and to turn over the management
of his acres to an ignorant and often
superstitious tenantry who are more in
fluenced by the phases of the moon than
by the concrete axioms of science. A
proper interpolation in the above quota
tion would be "all nobility rests on
the possession and intelligent use of
land.” Until we have trained a genera
tion of men who see a future in agri
culture and who are willing tc conse
crate their lives to its upbuilding, we
can not hope to materially change ex
isting conditions. When a great painter
was asked how he produced such won-
derfpl effects, he replied: “By mixing
brains with my paints.” The regenera
tion of Georgia’s agriculture depends
on the .formula of the painter. We must
niix brains with out soils. To do this
we must radically change our educa
tional system and spend a fair pro
portion of the state’s revenue in teach
ing the boys and girls and that part
of our adult population which goes to
college and will ultimately supply us
with the necessary leaders the impor
tance. dignity and opportunity which
technical education in agrieulaure of
fers.
While research, instruction and the
dissemination of knowledge constitute
the educational trinity, the work of these
agencies must be directed along con
structive lines. To spend millions of
treasure and turn out thousands of
young men to become dreamers is a sad
The simplest and best remedy for the
destruction of the weevil to which ref
erence is made in your letter is carbon
bisulphide. It should be used at the
rate of one pound to one ton of grain,
oi in empty rooms, one pound for every
1,000 cubic feet. The corn or other
grain to be treated should be put io a
comparatively tight bln or box and may
be shucked or unshucked. No effort
should be made to pack it closely, though
it will hardly pack so tight that the
carbon bisulphide will not diffuse
through it readily. The tighter the bin
or storage house in which the grain is
placed the less carbon bisulphide need
ed to effect the destruction of the wee
vils. Several treatments during the
year may be necessary. Place the bi
sulphide in small pans over the top of
the grain. It is best to cover the bin
if possible with a tarpaulin. The car
bon bisulphide is heavier than air and
evaporates very quickly, and sinks down
through the grain effectually destroying
the weevil. This method of treatment
is simple and effective, and if properly
instituted and used would save Georgia
farmers thousands of dollars every
year. You should remember that the
carbon bisulphide is very inflammable
and matches or light of any kind should
not be used in its vicinity.
# * *
FENCES FOR HOG LOTS.
II. S. B., Berzelia, Ga., writes: I reda
an article from you sometime ago on graz
ing hogs, in which you referred to the use
of temporary fences for confining the hogs.
I would like you to advise me just how this
fence is constructed, kind of material used,
etc. What kind of rape is best for graz
ing hogs? How far apart should the seed
be planted and how deep?
FACTS ABOUT THE DESTRUCTIVE
COTTON LEAF WORM; A SURE CURE
The life history of the cotton leaf I second or third generations will be
worm is as follows: The adult form, j large enough to be very destructive
which is an olive colored miller, hiber
nates in rubbish or grass stools, and
comes out at about the time the cotton
begins to bloom. The females deposit
their eggs on the under side of the
leaves—not in bunches, but about two
or three eggs, 500 eggs before dying. In
warm weather, these eggs are hatched
in from three to four days. The young
caterpillars feed on the under side of
the leaves for several days, and finally
succeed in eating holes through the
cotton leaf. After shedding their skins
five times, which usually takes from
two to three weeks, they spin their
web at the outer edge of a cotton leaf
and then fold part of this leaf over
their body. They then transform to
the pupa in this fold. The pupa stage
is usually completed in from a week
to twenty-four days. The miller emerg
ing from its pupa will be ready to go
to egg laying in about three to four
days. Unless parasites are very nu
merous or the sun is hot enough to de
stroy a large per cent of pupae the
seeded plants such as some of the clo
vers, particularly alfalfa. The vetches
have also responded fairly well to arti
ficial inoculation. Of course, you un
derstand that artificial inoculation may
be performed in two ways, first, through
the use of a special culture, such as
that referred to in your letter^ and, sec
ondly, by obtaining soil from a field
where the crop to be inoculated has
been grown successfully for several
years. There is one objection to the
use of the soil in that it may be in
fested with undesirable weed seeds and
plant diseases, and thus convey these
to the field over which the earth is
scattered. Where soil is used from
200 to 300 pounds per acre should be
aplied. Where one cannot readily ob
tain the earth for the‘purpose of inoc
ulation, we would be disposed to try
the artificial cultures. These should
be secured from reliable firms only and
should be purchased under a direct
guarantee and should be handled and
applied with the greatest skill and care
if satisfactory results are anticipated.
From this it should not be gathered
that we are not favorable to artificial
cultures as we have had some very
good experience with their use but they
must be handled with care and expedi
tion so they may not lose their power
to readily multiply in the soil.
We are disposed to think that the
farmer will find it better and a safer
policy to purchase the artificial culture
and use it on his seed rather than to
purchase inoculated seed. Of course,
inoculated seed if properly treated and
used shortly after treatment may do
just as well as those artificially inocu
lated on the farm.
Therefore, while artificial cultures
are helpful, and can be used with ad
vantage on many farms, and particu
larly on suen crops as alfalfa, some of
the clovers and vetches, their general
use is probably not necessary on many
farms or many soils, and it is probable
that claims are sometimes made for
these cultures which are not always
well authenticated.
DYNAMITING LAND IN GEORGIA.
D. D., Atlanta, Ga., writes: We desire
to do a little experimenting in dynamiting
land, and want to know what your experi
ence has been along this line.
Brooks County Raises
Big Watermelon Crop
The hurdles to which you refer may
be made of pine lumber. Usually the
pieces should be 16 feet long and con
sist of lx6’s. The hurdle is four
boards high. From the bottom of the
first 1x6 to the top of the next piece is
9 inches; the second one, 11 inches, and
the third, 14 inches. This makes the
hurdles, as you see, 40 inches high.
Battens 1x6 are placed in the middle
and 5 inches from either end. These
hurdles are held in place by making a
commentary upon the intellectual per- | triangle out of lx6’s. The sides of the
ceptions of any nation. Education should j triangle should be 4 feet long, and the
give culture, but it should also create i bottom of the triangle where they cross,
ambition, give virility to the mind, the j The bottom piece is notched in the cen-
eye, the brain, and all the bodily func- j ter on either side, and is placed so that
tions It should fit for environment, and . the lower edge is 6 inches from the bot-
therefore must be localized in its adap- tom of the^ two pieces^ comprising^the
tations. It must prepare men in this day
and generation to deal intelligently, skil
fully, successfully with nature. Theu
future of the world is wrapped up in the
interpretation of her secrets. Just in
proportion as the youth of Georgia are
capable of understanding and appreciat
ing her will the state become perma
nently great, uniformly prosperous, and
acquire and maintain that position in
the affairs of the world to which her
natural heritage of riches entitles her.
I realize that there is a great diver
sity of opinion relative to what consti
tutes education, and how we shall organ
ize, maintain, equip and direct our in
stitutions from the primary school to
postgraduate courses in our great uni
versities. There is a fear that educa
tion is to be materialised; that culture
will be neglected; and the proper train
ing of statesmen, warriors and jurists
overlooked. Such is not the case, for
true education is for service in Its broad
est and most comprehensive sense, and
how can it be possible that the training
of the boys and girls of Georgia to grow’
some of nature’s greatest crops w’ith
success can do anything but broaden
their perception of life, give vigor to
their bodies, character and force to their
minds, the power of achievement to their
intellects, and the ability to overcome
and surmount the obstacles 'which held
back their forefathers. It is absurd, yes
ridiculous, to believe that mean
thoughts, narrow and selfish actions,
stunted imaginations and moral degrada
tion find companionship with blue skies,
bright sunshine, singing birds, fragrant
flowers, pure live-giving brezes and the
mysterious activities of nature in her
wonderful evolutionary work of combin-!
ing air, sunshine, water and soil in that
marvelous type of alchemy which results j
in growth, life and an abundant harvest j
for the skilled agriculturist. Let us i
adapt our educational system to the!
needs of the day and generation. “Suffi
cient unto the day is the evil thereof.'’
If we do our duty by the boys and girls,
the future of Georgia is assured. Bacon
has wisely said, “What man needs to do j
is to read, not to contradict and confute, '
nor to believe and take for granted, but
to weigh and consider.” This can never j
be done by platitudes, by an idealized
course of instruction, but by a type of |
training adapted to environment and |
the present needs of our civilization.
* • 4>
CONSTITUENTS IN A TON OF COT
TON SEED.
S. B., Thomson, Ga.. writes: I would . |
like to know how many pounds of oil one j
ton of cotton seed makes. Also how much j
meal, hulls, and how much linters there j
are in a ton of seed?
uprights. A notch 2 1-2 inches wide
and 2 inches deep is cut in the top and
botr.m of the triangle where they cross.
This makes a perfectly rigid triangle
for holding the movable hurdle. We
have used it with excellent success.
Tne hurdles will last for a considerable
period of time if they are properly
cared for. They constitute the best
means of providing temporary fencing
for hog houses with which we are ac
quainted. Of course, where one is
laying down a permanent system of lots
for grazing hogs, wire fencing may be
constructed.
The kind of rape recommended for
grazing hogs is known as the Dwarf
Essex rape. The leaves somewhat re
semble the rutabaga or sweet turnip.
There are several varieties, but this is
the only kind satisfactory to use for
grazing hogs. This crop should be
planted in rows about 24 inches apart,
using four to six potinds of seed per
acre, and covering fairly deep, about
the same as turnip seed.
Nothing has been published by the
State College of Agriculture with ref
erence to the dynamiting of land. Some
experiments along this line have been
conducted, but we have not been able
to see any appreciable benefit from the
* work, cost considered. On land dyna
mited thoroughly and systematically
for corn, the increased yield per acre
was 4.94 bushels. It would be cheaper
to subsoil the land a number of times'
than to dynamite it once unless much
more substantial gains are obtained
than we have experienced in our work
here in our demonstration field. We
do not know of any person who makes
a specialty of dynamiting land, but the
process is quite simple, and may be
done by any intelligent farm hand. We
used an augur and bored the holes to a
depth of four feet, and placed the holes
four feet apart in each direction. A
half stick of dynamite was used in
each hole. The dynamite was attached
to a fuse which came well above the
ground and was dropped into the bottom
of the hole, and th eearth tramped
upon the top of the ground. Then when a
number of fuses have been set they
are fired by means of a taper. This type
of dynamiting did not throw the bot
tom soil on top, but simply raised and
broke up the bottom soil without turning
over the top soil. We believe this to be
a desirable way cf dynamiting if you
undertake the work.
COTTON MEAL AND HULLS FOR
HORSES.
J. H. B., Bowman, Ga., writes: Is cot
ton seed meal and hulls a good horse feed,
if so, how much should be fed to a horse
that will weigh 900 to 1,000 pounds?
to the cotton. Where the caterpillars
occur in large numbers the cotton
leaves become scarce, and they will
attack the cotton squares, and finally
the young bolls.
From the above it will be seen that
this pest has seven or eight genera
tions of caterpillars to make their ap
pearance every year. A warm or wet
spring is in favor of their development.
If we have late summer rains these
insects become very destructive in the
fall of the year.
From observations made in the last
few days it was found that a large
generation of caterpillars will make
their appearance in a few days’ time.
The cotton growers are warned to be
ready t 0 fight this pest when it ap
pears.
Under the conditions existing it has
been found that, where the cotton is
very large and the foliage very dense,
it is best to use one part of paris
green to five parts of air-slacked lime,
applied at the rate of from two to
four pounds of the mixture per acre.
This material should be placed in a
closely woven sack, attached to the
end of a pole long enough to reach
to the middle of every other row. This
pole is carried by a man on horse
back and, if the horse is ridden at a
rapid rate, the jar will be sufficient to
drive the poison well down into the
foliage. If the horse is ridden at a slow
pace the pole must be jolted good and
hard upon the pommel of the saddle at
every step made by the animal.
Where the cotton is small the pole
should be long enough to reach to every
fourth row, and the sack should be car
ried in such a manner as to be right
over the small cotton plants. The
poison must be applied while the dew is
on the cotton. By careful observation
it was learned that the best time to
apply the material is between midnight
and sunup. If the animal is ridden at a
quick trot all the way from 15 to 25
acres can be treated in one day.
It is useless to apply poison of any
kind to the cotton plants when the
worms have all webbed up. However,
where the larger percentage of caterpil
lars as yet feeding, it is advisable
to make an application of the paris
green. In the case where they have al
ready webbed up the fields should be
examined daily for the reappearance
of the millers and the young worms.
Do not drive through the fields on
horseback to make this examination,
trusting to being able to detect from
above the appearance of holes in the
leaves; but get right down among the
plants and look under the leaves for
the young insects. If these are found,
apply your poison at once.
If a shower of rain should wash oil
the poison it is not always necessary to
redust right away. If the poison re
mained on the cotton plant all the way
from four to six hours before the rain
sufficient time should have elapsed for
the poison to thoroughly penetrate and
destroy all the caterpillars before the
rain washed off the poison.
However, there is always danger of
having a reinfestation from millers
from your neighbors fields, and it is
well to watch carefully for young
worms and then redust your plants.
It may be well to state that London
purple is not as effective nor as quick
in its action as paris green, and it is
more injurious to the cotton plant.
Where paris green can be obtained Lon
don purple should not be used. Where
neither paris green nor London purple
can be secured a powdered form of
arsenate of lead can be used. It is
a good deal slower in its action on the
worms and should be used in larger
quantities. For large cotton it must
be used at the rate of from three to
five pounds per acre.
After the day’s work is over it is well
to wash off thoroughly the parts of
the body that have come in contact
with the poison, and it is also advisa
ble to wash the body of tne animals
used in the work.
For small growers it has been found
that Leevett powdeb gun has been used
successfully in destroying not only
the cotton leaf worm, but other insect
nests as well. This powder gun can
be regulated so that the poison is ev
enly distributed through the foliage,
and it not only drives the poison to
the ton of the leaves, but also to the
under sides, where this particular in
sect begins Its destructive work.
The cotton leaf worm has been verv
destructive in different sections of the
state before, and has been successful!v
overcome. Bv the co-onemtion of the
farmers in the Rio Gran-le valley It
Is safe to sav that the nest can be ex
terminated there. It takes good, hard
work. but. b’v anplving the ri^ht pro
portion of poison at the rfe-tit time, the
worms ran b e controlled.—Texas Farm
and Fireside.
Q’
ARTIFICIAL. CULTURES FOR LE
GUMES.
A correspondent, Augusta, Ga., writes:
What is your opinion of commercial ari-
ficial cultures, and are they as satisfac
tory as inoculating with soil?
Artificial cultures -have .been used
with some success for inoculating land
for the purpose of growing certain le
gumes. The best success with these
cultures has probably come with small
Cotton seed meal and hulls by them
selves would not constitute a good food
for horses. The ration would be i en
tirely too concentrated on the one hand,
and not sufficiently concentrated on the
other. Hulls probably have from one-
third to one-half the feeding value of
timothy hay, and are much better adapt-
Cowpea hay may also be fed with some
advantage, but when it is used with
corn cotton seed meal is not necessary
as the cowpea hay contains a sufficient
amount "of protein to balance up a ra
tion of corn. You should remember
that this ration is suggested for a 1,-
000 pound animal doing hard work, and
when it stands in the stable only about
two-thirds of the amount suggested
should be given. A good mixture for
you to use will be 600 pounds of shelled
corn with 100 pounds of cotton seed
Then secure a measure which
By Edna Cain.
UITMAN, Ga., Sept. 1.—Brooks
county does not care who raises
__ the cotton required for clothes
with the present skimpy fashions, if
she can Just raise watermelons for the
country north of us. The watermelon
season Just closed has brought into
the county the goodly sum of $100,000,
all “foreign” money. There is quite
a difference in a farmer raising some
thing and selling it to his next door
neighbor and in selling to a stranger
in Chicago; the first is taking money
out of one local pocket and putting
it in another, the latter Is getting
new money into local pockets.
In the past the watermelon has
been regarded as a sort of dietary
joke, an agricultural frivolity com
pared with the good old reliable
staples of corn and cotton. From
henceforth it is certain that any well
arranged horn of plenty in Brooks
county will have a 30-pound water
melon posed conspipuously in the
foreground.
One hundred thousand dollars' That
is four dollars per capita for every
man, woman and child in Brooks
county. Only it was not evenly dis
tributed according to any Socialist
dream; this vast sum is in the hands
of the farmers. And there are still
any number of $50-a-month clerks
dragging out monotinous lives in our
cities whose minds are so far behind
the times they stiil laugh at the hay
seed joke and think of the farmer as
a “rube!” Which is very pathetic.
The man who is selling clothes is
not in it with the man who is selling
something to eat, for it is a self-evident
fact that people are wearing less and
eating more than they used to. The
time is coming when no virtuous
farmer will rail at scant attire and
extravagant restaurant habits. He has
got . system now where he can ac
tually see the dollar winging its way
back from the restaurant to the farm.
Time was when the dollar stopped on
the way and the farmer did not get
much of it, but that is past. And
tears have been wrung from the eyes
of strong farmers in this county be
cause they knew there were places
where watermelons would have sold
for fifty cents apiece this spring and
there wvre not enough melons. They
have resolved that there will be a
melon grown next season for every
flightly little fifty-cent piece in Chi
cago, Kttsburg and other centers of
the nigh cost of living.
Supplying watermelons to the hordes
of our citizens who come from foreign
parts and never saw a melon on the
vine, has been reduced to a system.
Formerly the people were there and
the melons were here but the problem
pf getting the melons to where they
would be a luxury at a Fourth of July
picnic had not been properly solved.
Now a flock of nice young men in
white clothes and white shoes put up
at our hotel every melon season. They
are melon buyers and they know just
where melons are most needed. The
farmers have quit raising the famous
Kolb Gem, or "Cob Jim,” as the darkies
called it. It was a fearful fruit, with
a very thick rind, warranted to stand
any amount of hard usage in shipping.
The selling of it depended on those
markets where a real melon had never
been seen.
Tire Watson melon, which ships well
and has a good shape and flavor, has
replaced the Kolb and the increased
demand for watermelons is due to the
pleasure the northern palate is deriv
ing from this better fruit we are send
ing.
To return to that one hundred
thousand dollars, as who indeed, would
forget It, doesn’t it look as if this
same agricultural frivol, the melon,
had old man Boll Weevil on his back
begging for a bite to eat? Why should
any farmer raise a lot of cotton for a
devastating, no-account bug to destroy
when he can raise food for folks?
The Brooks county farmers had 2,000
acres in melons this spring from which
they make $100,000. They have an av
erage acreage of 25,000 acres of cotton
and they count on getting half a mil
lion of dollars for the 12,000 of 13,000
bales they make. But it takes about
thirteen months of the year to make
and market a crop of cotton and—
well, you can raise a $40-acre crop of
hay this summer on a watermelon
patch. And that $100,000 is already
in the bank.
Raising cotton is just a habit, any
way, and one that is likely to become
a vice.
CRIMSON CLOVER IS STRONGLY
RECOMMENDED FOR THE SOUTH
Crimson clover has been grown ex
tensively in this state (Virginia) for
some time, yet I must say it does not
receive more than one-half of the atten
tion it deserves. It is but naturally
supposed all land left bare at any sea
son is bound to lose fertility by the
heavy washing rains carrying away the
plant food in the soil, and especially is
this true in the south. While crops are
growing plant food is retained or held,
thereby furnishing and saving fertility.
Particular care should be given, and
see that no fields are left bare during
the winter if it possibly can be avoid
ed. Of course, there are some eec-
tions where it is too cold to grow a
cover crop in winter, and there the
ground is generally covered with snow
which furnishes protection, and also
adds fertility to the soil to a certain
extent, which in a way takes the place
of the growing cron cover.
Here i n the south the climatic con
ditions are such that the ground is
rarely ever covered with snow; if so,
for only a very short period. It is.
therefore.' very important then that
we should use every means possible to
grow a cron to act as a covering dur
ing the winter and at the same time
one which will in its growth furnish
the greatest fertilizing st^V^th. So
in selecting a crop for this covering it
is but wise, and to our interest, to
cbpose one which not' onlv retains the
plant food in the soil, but one which
win also add to its fertility, making it
better fitted for the next cron. If we
can grow a crop which will furnisn
some winter and spring erasing and
make an early bnv if 'desired, and at
the same time add fertility to the soil,
it is wise for us to see that proper se
lection is made.
It is true that we can do this here
in the south with several crops; but
I have found from experience (which
is always our best teacher) that crim
son clover more fully meets all of the
above requirements than any other;
furnishing better protection, best win
ter and early spring grazing, and the
best fallow to turn under in a green
state for soil improvement. In pre
paring for the corn crop, crimson clo
ver is of great value, as it enables
the farmer to grow a good crop of
corn (when cultivated properly) with
out so much expense of purchasing
commercial fertilizers. Irish potatoes
also do well as a clover fallow. In fact.
The best time for this work is just
after it heads out. This furnishes
what we call a green manure crop,
which largely increases the fertility of
the soil; and at the same time keeps
it always mellow and loose, so that
crops are bound t 0 grow off rapidly,
and good profitable results be secured.
This crop is no doubt the greatest soil
builder that can be grown by southern
farmers of the present day. Land wl^ich
will not produce more than twelve or
fifteen bushels of corn per acre, can be
easily brought up to produce from
twenty-five to forty bushels per acre
by seeding it to crimson clover in
early fall, and fallowing under the fol
lowing spring three or four years
in succession. I know this from ex
perience.
The only drawback I find in grow
ing crimson clover is that it is rather
unoertain in securing the proper stand.
But, of course we have that risk to
run in seeding all crops. It is very
easily killed by the hot sun,, and also
by freezing, whe*n ix^ the sprouting
.state. This difficulty can be remedied,
though, to a certain extent when seed
ed at the proper time and soil in pro
per condition. Here in the south the
best time for seeding is from Septem
ber 1 to October 15. The sun is gen
erally not too hot at this season to kill
or injure it. and not likely to have a
freeze to catch it in the sprout. If
possible. September is decidedly the
best month to sow, as the clover will
then have a chance to get a good start,
getting well rooted before severe winter
weather sets in.
It requires from eighteen to twenty
pounds of seed per acre. Do not break
the land with a plow where it has just
been cropned, but use a disk barrow
ffr cultivator for this purpose, and be
sure to pet the soil in ns fine condi
tion as this is ouite essential In se
curing a stand. Cover with a barrow
running lightly, or belter still, the pea
weeder. which is not likely to get the
seed covered too deep. Those who
trial, simol'y experiment on an acre or
two this coming fall, and note results.
When once grown always grown.
HARVESTER with Binder Attach-
vvlva! ment cuts and throws in piles on
harvester or wlnrow. Man and horse cuts and
shocks equal with a corn Binder. Sold in every
all you claim for It; the Harvester saved me
state. Price 520.00. W. H. BUXTON, of Johns
town, Ohio, writes: “The Harvester has proven
over $25.00 in lubor last year’s com cutting. I
to n shock.” Testimonials and catalog free,
cut over 500 shocks; will make 4 bushels corn
showing pictures of harvester. Address NEW
PROCESS MFG. CO., S&lina, Kansas
COMMON SENSE
ON THE FARM
ed for use with ruminating animals such
as cattle as with horses. A horse has, | meal,
relatively speaking, a small stomach, when filled to a certain point will con
and therefore can not use such large j tain about eight pounds of the mixture
quantities of coarse rough food as cat- ; by weight. Of course, it is necessary
tie. You will find a ration consisting of 1 to feed shelled corn to a horse, and you
twelve to fourteen pounds of corn with | can estimate the amount you will feed
two pounds of cotton seed meal and quite accurately by weighing a number
twelve to fourteen pounds of mixed hay
an excellent ration for a horse weighing
1,000 pounds. Two pounds of cotton
seed meal will add the needed protein to
the ration of corn, and will improve its
feeding value materially on that ac
count. The hay may consist of Ber
muda, crab grass or mixed hay. Hay
that contains some clover is more desir
able than that in which it is lacking.
of ears and shelling off the grain. You
will find that a balanced ration will be
very helpful not only as a matter of
economy but for improving the efficiency
of your horse as a work animal. Only a
limited amount of hulls should be fed,
say two pounds a day. If you have an
abundance of rough coarse fodder we
would feed the hulls to ruminating an
imals.
Southern Farmers have been
badly imposed on by unscrupu
lous manufacturers. They have
often paid the market price for an
article and received a substitute.
That Day Is Gone and we are
thankful. The Southern Farmer
can go to market today and pay
his good hard earned money for
goods that bear a trade mark, and
he can rest assured he is getting
full value, full measure and full
service.
If every farmer in this wonder
ful Southland would take the care
and the trouble to make the mer
chant upon whom he bestows his
trade supply him with high class
trade marked goods, every dollar
he spends would go twice and
thrice as far as it does today.
Here is one instance that affects
every Southern household. Insist
on Shield Brand Shoes. The man
ufacturers know their quality and
their value, and they put the name
on them so that you can get gen
uine Shield Brand Shoes if you
take care and trouble to make
your merchant have them for you.
And, when you do buy Shield
Brand Shoes, you can rest assured
you buy real leather of the highest
quality—made by skilled shoe
makers, and you get real service,
good looks, stylish lasts and luxu
rious comfort. Shield Brand Shoes
are made for men, women -and.',
children.
Ask your merchant for Shield
Brand Shoes—do not accept the
kind that are “just as good”.
Make him get for your sake, and
your family’s sake,
SHIELD BRAND
SHOES
M. C. KISER GO.
Shield Brand Shoemakers
Atlanta. Georgia
98 cents
To advertlae our btjslnew, make new friends end Inirodoee onr greet eat*
logue of Elgin watches we will send thla elegant watch to any address by
mall postpaid for Only 98 cents. Ref ular Gentlemen a else, open fsoe,
full engraved, high grade gold plat# finish, Arabic or Roman dial, levsr es-
, capement, stem wind and stem set, a marvelously correct timekeeper and
, fully Guaranteed lor O Years. 8end this advertisement to us with your
name and address and 98 cents and. watch will be sent by return to ell poet-
. Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded. Remember, 98 cent# is posi-
' tively all you have to pay for this wonderful watch. Rend 98 cents today. Address
R. E. CH ALNIERS A. CO. 688So.D«*rtoraSt. CHICAOP
TROUBLE at all
easily to hilly land
Perfectly effective under all
conditions, because it is a
ONE-PIECE FENCE
The amount of oil obtained from a ton j
of cotton seed varies considerably. Sea
son, soil and variety fill exert an influ
ence. Then some mills have better ma- ;
chinery and''equlpment for handling; the
seed, and are in position to more com- J
pletely extract the oil from it. Jt is j
likely, however, that an average ton of j
seed will not run far from 300 pounds 1
1
to quickly string
“Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence
over hills and through valleys. It
contains no single, separate wires.
The joints are
WELDED BY ELECTRICITY
making a one-piece fabric without the extra weight of waste
wire. Made of special Open Hearth wire, heavily galvan
ized with pure zinc. Strongest and most durable fence pro
duced anywhere. Thousands who use it say it’s best.
Investigate it, anyway. Read “How to Test Wire” in our ,
new catalogue (sent free) which also shows the many different styles and *S
sizes of “Pittsburgh Perfect” Fence ft; Field, Faria, Ranch, Lawn, Chicken,
Ponltrj and Rabbit Yard and Garden.
WHERE THIS SIGN’S DISPLAYED IS SOLD THE BEST FENCE MADE.
PITTSBURGH STEEL CO.
PITTSBURGH. PA.;
Makers of "Pittsburgh Perfect” Brands of Barbed Wire? Bright, Annealed and Galvan
ized Wire; Hard Spring Coil Wire? Twisted Cable Wire: Galvanised Telephone Wire;
Bale Ties: Fence Staples; Poultry Netting Staples: Regular Wire Nails; Galvanized
Wire Nails; Large Head Roofing Nails; ‘ Pittsburgh Perfect” Fencing.
S
New Parcel Past Rflap and Chart
of Horse Remedies
We have just bought a large
number of New Four Leaf Charts,
which we are going to give with
The Semi-Weekly Journal. This
Chart .contains a 1913 Calendar,
Pictures of our Presidents from
Washington to Wilson, a Chart of
Horse Ailments and Remedies,
giving Symptoms of Diseases and
How to Treat Them; a Parcel Post
Map of the United States, with
instructions; a large State Map of
your own state, besides other in
formation apd statistics, valuable
in every household. We are giv
ing a Chart to each person sending
us One Dollar for the following
papers: The Semi-Weekly Jour
nal 18 months, Farm Life 12
months, and Every Day Life 12
months. Use coupon below.
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta, Ga.
Enclosed find One Dollar, for which send me The Semi-Weekly Journal
18 months, Farm Life 12 months, and Every Day Life 12 months, and mail
me absolutely free your NEW Ready Reference Parcel Post Chart.
NAME. >
P. O R, F. D. , STATE