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r THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1913. THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA, GA,, 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST. Entered at the Atlanta Postoffice as Mall Matter of the Second Class. JAKES R. GRAY’, President and Editor. SUBSCRIPTION PRTCB Twelve months Six months 40c Three months - 5c The Semi-Weekly Journal Is published on Tuesday and Friday, and is mailed by the shortest routes for early delivery. It contains news from all over the world, brought by special leased wires into our office. It has a staff of dis v inguis ted contributors, with strong: department! of special value to the home and the farm. Agents warted r.t every postoffice. Liberal com mission allowed. Outfit free. Write R. R- BRAD LEY. Circulation Manager. The only traveling representatives we have ars J. A. Bryan. R. F. 3olton. C. C. Coyle. L. H Kim brough and C. $*. Yates. We will be responsible only for money paid to the above named traveling repre sentatives. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. The label used for addressing your paper shows the time your subscription expires. By renewing a$ le^st two weeks before &• date on this label, you insure regi'lar service. In ordering paper changed, be sure to mention your old, as well as your new address. If on a route please give the route number. We cannot enter subscriptions to begin with back numbers Remittances should be sent by postal order or registered mail Address all orders and notices for this de partment to THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, Atlanta. Ga. Now Is the Time to Kill The Pernicious Cotton Tax The Senate majority, while accepting the tariff amendment which places a prohibitive tax on cotton futures, -was at least prudent enough to provide that this unjust and dangerous scheme should not become operative until September, 1914. That concession is distinctly reassuring, for it indicates that the Senate has felt the' sobering influence of business opinion and furthermore it gives time for a deliberate weigh ing of the many ills which the imposition of such a tax would entail. It is unthinkable that right-mind ed, patriotic men will insist upon a measure which means hardship and disaster to every field of Amer ica's cotton interests, particularly to the cotton grow er, when they duly realize its effects ; and this they :annot fail to do when they have given the subject sufficient thought. It is much to be regrett d that the Democratic caucus of the Senate ever lent its approval to the cot ton tax. Leading Southern Senators, notably Sen ators Bacon and Jmith, of Georgia, Senator Overman, of North Carolina, Senator Smith, of South Carolina, Senator Fletcher, cf Florida, and both Senators from Louisiana, offered . arnest and logical protests against the so-called Clar..e amendment. They showed its grave menace to th legitimate cotton interests of the entire country an' especially to the farmers of the South. Unfortunately, however, their wise counsel did not prevail. Y.*t, the fact ..ha majority deferred :he operation of the tax for a year is evidence that caution and common sense are at length asserting themselves. Emphatic opposition to the amendment has devel oped in the House; and if th- House Democrats will urge their convictions in the forthcoming committee conference over the tariff bill (he amendment can be defeated. It is ver., important that tnis be done now rather than in the njonths to come. Fear of the pro posed tax has already had a depressing effect on the price of cotton. There was a decline of nearly three dollars a bale when the action of the Senate caucus last Friday became known at the Nhw York' ami New Orleans exchanges. The later announcement that the tax, if finally ratified, would be suspended a year proved stimulating but it is evident that so long as there is a serious probability of this amendment going into effect, cotton interests generally and the farmer especially will suffer. The sooner it is killed, the better for the South and for the country at large. The tax on cotton sold for future delivery is ut terly irrelevant to the purpose of the. tariff bill and, indeed, is sharply at variance with the spirit of that great measure. Such a tax would invite and en courage the very sort of evil which tariff reform seeks to prevent. It would force out of the market a. large number of small buyers, for the merchant with limited resources could not afford to take the risk of the continually fluctuating prices to which cotton more than any other cpmmodity is subject, if he were deprived of ; the "hedge” protection by a heavy or prohibitive tax. The result would be the concen tration of the power of purchasing cotton in the hands of a few large interests, so that the tyrannies of monopoly, which the tariff bill is designed to check, would be developed anew in their most dam aging form. . It should be noted furthermore that the Clarke amendment, while professing to prevent gambling in futures, is aimed solely at the cotton trade. It takes no account* whatsoever of hedging in corn and wheat and other commod ties. Why this flagrant discrim ination against the South’s ^nitf agricultural product and chief item of commerce? Were the proposed amendment in any wise consistent, it would apply to all cAmmo4ities in which contracts for future de livery are made. But it is palpably insincere; its avowed purpose of reform is clearly a sham; it has no excuse for existence. Such a scheme cannot long withstand the public condemnation it has aroused. Sooner or later it mus't be abandoned because of its inherent folly and viciousness. The safest and fairest course the Demo crats can pursue is to abandon it now. Let the Democrats of the House stand firmly against the proposed tax and those of the Senate will fall into line. This can be accomplished without difficulty or delay of the tariff bill; and it will save Southern interests from incalculable harm. Not the smallest advantage of cooler weather is the additional pocket space you get in a vest Now for Currency Relorm. ! The supremely important business now before | Congress is the banking and currency bill which was j j reported yesterday by the House Committee and | which will soon be tvell on the way to enactment. This legislation is made doubly imperative by the passage of the tariff measure, for it is equally a part of the great task of economic reconstruction in which the country’s vital interests are concerned. If the emancipating effect of tariff revision is duly to | be enjoyed, it must be followed promptly by the steadying, sustaining influence of financial, reform. The reduction and removal of a crushing tariff tax will go far toward lifting the burden of monopoly from Amerfcan enterprise and will release fresh stores of commercial and industrial energy. But an adequate system of currency and banking is necessary to supply the means and material through which this new freedom can be utilized. The era of busi ness expansion which the tariff law, if given a fair test, will bring in must be accompanied by an era of business confidence and security such as is vir tually impossible under the existing system of money and credit. The Democrats owe it to them selves and to the nation that this urgent problem be solved without delay, for so long as it remains in suspense business cannot come fully into its own. This, the leaders in Congress keenly realize and there are cheering indications that they will press the banking and currency bill to speedy passage. It has the unanimous support of Democrats in the House; some of them, to be sure, differed over mat ters of detail but all such conflicts of opinion have been settled in ta c party conferences and when the administration measure comes to a vote the party ranks will stand unbroken. Debate in the House should require only a few weeks at the most, so that the bill will probably reach the Senat before Sep tember ends, or shortly thereafter. Rumors that a movement to postpone currency legislation has been developing in the Senate are un founded. There, as in the House, the President is stanchly supported in his appeal for the promptest possible action. In the earlier days of the extra session the enactment of a currency bill immediately after the tariff bill was considered extremely im probable; indeed, ardent friends of the administration doubted that Congress could be held in. working order the long summ - through and that two such far- reaching measures, either of which would be a tre mendous task, could be put into effect within a sin- glj session. But from the hour the President ap peared before Congress with his earnest and persua sive address on the need of currency reform, there was a remarkable and refreshing change of opinion. Inci .fference war ieu into cordial interest and prac tically all opposition among Democratic members was overcome. 3inc’. then the demand for action on the banking anc cui rency issue has grown continually stronger in Congr* s and throughout the country. A poll of the Democratic Senators taken yesterday showed thirty-five jf them as favoring immediate consideration of tui measure and only one, Senator Hitchcock, opposing it. Senator, Hitchcock, as The Journal’s Washington correspondent relates, has pro tested against currency legislation at this time from the beginning of the extra session. But he is con spicuously alone; The great majority of Senate Dem ocrats like the great majority of those in the House are firmly behind the administration bill and its passage will doubtless be effected with much more ease and expeditioi than was the tariff bill. Opposition, there will certainly he; and probably there will be further changes in the details of the measure as it comes from the House. But the larger Issues involved have been thoroughly considered and settled. The bill is well described in the House com mittee's report as "designed to bring about necessary changes in the present banking and currency system and to correct long-standing evils that have had a slow and deep-rooted growth; it aims at the rectifi cation of essential defects, although it does not seek to make all the changes that might, from an ideal standpoint, be deemed desirable.” The fact is, if Con gress waited for a currency measure that would he equally agreeable to all interests and that would serve as a ready panacea for each and every financial ill, it would never move forward a step in reform. The admirable quality of the pending bill is that, it embodies the combined wisdom of many thinkers who have studied this problem from divers stand points and that is is approved by a greater number and variety of sober-minded business men than any other measure of the kind yet proposed. It meets the crucial needs of the time by substi tuting public or Government control of the country’s monetary resources for private control; by creating checks against the undue concentration of money at one or two financial centers and by providing for*a system of currency that will be flexible and respon sive to sound credit, instead of rigid at, now. When these wise principles are put into operation, the menace of financial panics will disappear. The country’s common business interests will no longer be enslaved to Wall Street. America!, enterprise and initiative will fc; secure as well as free. The encum brances and perils of an outworn system will be lifted from our industry and commerce. Times will be better for the merchant, the working man, the farmer, the hanker—better for every citizen as well as fi. the country as a whole. The Tariff Victory. Real tariff reform, with all that it means to free business and free government, has at last been accom plished. To this great end Democracy has fought through arduous ar.d trying years, has suffered defeat, distrust and long exile from power but it has fought witj the steadfast faith which a true cause inspires and its victory today is well worth the long years of battle. The struggle hr.s been waged in a people’s behalf and it is the people who have won. The passage of the tariff bill in the Senate yesterday shows that Government by particular interests is over and that Government by the public mind and public conscience has truly begun. This much assured, we may he cer tain that all the other evils, economic and political, with which this country’s affairs have been burdened will in due time be met and overcome. The passage of the bill is a distinctive tribute to the unswerving and tactful leadership of President Wilson. To his earnest purpose to redeem the party’s highest pledge, the precision and energy with which the measure was urged through Congress is very largely due. Particular credit must also be given the mag nificent work of Senator Simmons In the Senate and Mr. Underwood in the House. And to the great rank and file of Democrats in both Houses the country is singularly indebted,. The hill now goes to conference and will shortly be agreed upon by both Houses and made a law. The business world no*- knows under what tariff sched ules it must work. Doubt and suspense are removed. From this time on trade and industry will press steadily and confidently forward. THE BABY BOND By Dr. Frank Crane (Copyright. 1913. by Frank Crane.) OUAITRY Editorials In Brief The honeymoon is over when the bride discovers she might have done better. • • • Very likely Mr. Jerome was winning when he was pinched. ■ • • Wizard Edison began his biennial vacation last week and fell 11 in Portland. No doubt his old antipathy to rest and sleep and recreation has re turned with douole force.—Cleveland Plain Dealer. The Result In Maine. Unofficial returns from the special Congressional election held Monday, in the Third district of Maine give the Republican candidate a plurality of less than six hundred in a total of some thirty-six thousand votes. In the regular Congressional election last year the Republican candidate in this district re ceived a majority of more than seven hunderd votes. Tflese figures cannot reasonably be construed as a rebuke to national Democratic policies. They show that a district normally Republican has remained so but beyond that they carry no particular significance. Certainly, they do not indicate any break in the Democratic ranks; for, in the Presidential election last autumn Mr. Wilson received fourteen thousand six hundred and ninety-two votes in this district, while in Monday’s election the Democratic candidate for Congress received upwards of fourteen thousand five hundred. Perhaps the mor t interesting result of the day was the heavy deer ear., evidenced in the so-called “Pro gressive” ballot. Tin Bull Moose candidate polled only some sixty-five hundred votes as compared with o er thirteen thousand cast for Roosevelt In the Presidential election *n 1912, a falling-off of more than fifty per cent. This record would seem at least to signify that th. new party has not held its own in Maine despite t - exertions of the “Progressive” leaders in that state. Had the Republican majority in the Third district been a large one, u would not have been especially surprising, for, by elections frequently go against the party in power. On the whole, the result is rather assuring than ethtrwise to national Democracy. Railroads Are Getting Ready. Omens of an unusually prosperous year continue to multiply. The railroads of the Southeast are bending all their energies to prepare for the great volume of traffic they foresee. “Shops are being run at full capacity,” says an announcement by the Southern, “to put every available car in repair and car-builders are being urged to turn out new equipment as rapid ly as possible.” The roads also earnestly ask the co-operation of shippers in efforts to expedite the handling of cars, for it is realized that the demands of the season now opening will tax to the utmost the resources of all transportation companies. This is direct and tangible evidence of the good business ahead. The abundant crops of the South will start the streams of prosperity rolling, wide and deep; and every field of commerce and industry will feel the enriching flow. A Baby Bond is a bond you can buy for $100; you j can even buy one for $10 down and the rest on partial t payments. Baby Bonds are as essential to the financial world as real meat babies are to the family. The money of the United States up till now has been in the hands of a small group of men supposed to be endowed with superior wisdom and divine sagacity. The people could not understand Finance, and would they kindly not ask questions, but deposit their savings in the bank and look pleasant? The government would ‘also kindly mind its own business and not put the soiled hand of politics upon tne Holy Ark of Finance. Like all strange, mysterious and esoteric groups, from the Egyptian hierarchy down to the village Browning club, this, too, was found to be stutied witn sawdust. There is nothing about High Finance that cannot be made plain if the game is square. Darkness rather than light is loved by the same kind of people in tne L. S. A. as it was in Galilee. The people were to put their money in banks. The bankers were to invest this money in securities. The people were not competent to judge about securities. The result was that tne able middlemen got the apple and the people got he core, if any. Now’ comes a new order of things. They are break ing the securities up into small pieces, sizable for small buyers. Bonds used to mean $1,000, more usual* ly $10,0ou; now they may mean $100. The workingman with $10 savings can buy his se curity direct. To make this adventure safe there should be the most exacting government supervision. If govern ment is good for anything it ought to be good for pro tecting the people against public frauds. It is not sufficient to “punish” tne rascal who ad vertises bad securities He must be “prevented” from offering them. Given reasonable protection by the government, the common people will hasten to buy state, industrial and other secu*ities. And the common people have more readj r cash than the bankers and millionaires. “The small investor,” says B. C. Forbes, “is des tined to become the backbone of American finance. His is the custom most to be coveted. He will be come a bulwark against destructive legislation and all forms of confiscation.” Says George W. Perkins: “Practical public ownership, that’s what I would term it. The movement has only begun. The time is coming when every man with even a few liunureu dollars saved will put his surplus over the amount needed for an emergency into standard securities. To my mind, the steady increase in the number of stock holders in the corporations foreshadows genuine pub lic ownership—not of the type in which the entire business and industrial system of the country is to be thrown into the political arena to the tender mercies of the spoilsman, but a practical method of distribut ing the natural prosperity. “The solution of the problem is to have the whole nation interested in the success of the great, sound industrial and railroad enterprises.” Are we beginning to “get a glimpse of what is meant by the Democracy of Wealth? The Hartford Times: “The trend of modern se curities is toward the issue of securities of smaller denominations than formerly.” Moody’s Magazine. “The poor market for bonds during the past few years has forced corporations to issue and bond houses to sell high grade securities in size within the small saver’s reach.” The Ohio State Journal: “An interesting feature of the awakening demand for investment securities is that $100 bonds are at a substantial premium over the $1,000 pieces.” Buy a Baby Bond and see how it feels to be a “bondholder,” all ye thrifty that are putting by a lit tle of your savings each month! Ayp *T)MELTf GML topics Conpoaa stairs. vriLTnTO/» “SAFETY FIRST” By, Frederic J. hiaskin WHAT THE CHOIR SANG ABOUT THE NEW BONNET. A foolish little maiden bought a foolish little bonnet. With a ribbon and a feather and a little lace upon it. And that the other maidens of the town might know it, She thought she’d go to meeting the next Sunday just to show it. But though the little bonnet was scarcely larger than a dime, The getting of it settled proved to be a work of time; So when ’twas fairly tied, all the bells had stopped their ringing, And when she came to meeting, sure enough the folks were singing. So the foolish little maiden stood and waited at the door; And she shook her ruffles out behind and smoothed them down before. “Hallelujah! hallelujah!” sang the choir above her head, “Hardly knew' you! hardly knew you!” were the words she *thought they said. This made the little maiden feel so very, very cross That she gave her little mouth a twitch, her little head a toss; For she thougnt the very hymn they sang was all about her bonnet, With the ribbon, and the feather, and the bit of lace upon it. And she would not wait to listen to the sermon or the prayer, But pattered down the silent street and hurried up the stair, Till she’d reached her little bureau, and in a bandbox on it, Had hidden, safe from critic’s eye, her foolish little bonnet. Which proves, my little maidens, t^hat each of you will find In every Sabbath service but an echo of your mind; And that tne little head that’s filled with silly little airs, Will never get a blessing from sermons or # from prayers. ... QOZES THINGS IN GENTLEMAN'S DRESS ALSO. I notice the frequent criticisms on woman’s dress, and particularly the late attacks on slit skirts, etc., b. t you do not notice so many on the vagaries in men’s costumes. My early recollections go back to pleated frills on gentlemen's shirts, and It would be considered inexpressibly funny nowadays to see a man’s shirt front decorated with a linen cambric frill, bleated and pressed with a hot Iron until it stood out stiff and prominent. Nowadays the time and care is put out on woman s shirt waists, .n the old times tne most elaborate laundry work was expended on tnese beruftled shirts for men. These frills were aoout four inches wide and when they were very full the dua, looked somewhat like a pouter pigeo'n when he dressed himself. Later on came the tedious needlework on what we called linen bosomed shirts, where the tucks were small and close, and the collars had linen cards stitclied in t by hand. When 1 was younger In my prime it took the most of three days to complete one of these elaborately tucked men’s shirts That was earlier than sewing machine days, and it was the right time ,to write about "Hood’s Song of the Shirt.” 1 noticed only a few days ago the dress of a well dressed society gentleman. The barber had helped him, and the tailor had equipped him but nevertheless he wore a shirt with pronounced stripes in It. and a white collar at his neck. Thirty years ago it would have been considered positively ridiculous to wear a striped shirt when dressed for a visit. Now it is the rule and the universal shirt except for a ball or elaborate dinner cos.ume. I wondered where this fashion of striped shirts originated. Nobody could explain. Accidentally I chanced upon an old Harper’s Week ly, and there I found the following: "Until recently, if a man was seen wearing a striped shirt surmounted by a plain white collar, the explanation was easy: either that man had no white shirt, or he had no striped collar. The union of these incongruous objects had been the result of an exi gency. Now, however, it is the very thing to make such a combination. Now for the reason: "The Prince of Wales, or somebody else high in the walks of fashion, happened to be caught 'in a place where he had to borrow a shirt. The best that could be done for him was a striped shirt and a white col lar. He was seen when thus arrayed. His imitators promptly began to wear striped shirts and white col lars as the regular thing. Thus, one by one, are the rights of the cad stripped from him.” Don’t you see how it works? I am told that all the British snobs waited to see what sort of a hat the Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward, wore in spring and fall, and then they fell on the particular shop and cleaned it up. It has been a never-ending story that silly women import their dress styles from France, y?at hoop skirts were a maternity style, set by Empress Eugenie and adopted by the young ladies of America at once. Nevertheless our dressy men folks are about the same sort of imitators and will wear striped shirts with white collars and turn up the breeches at the ankles when they go to call on young ladies. As Mrs. Poyser aptly remarked: ‘"The Lord made the women to match the men.” The women started the "barehead” style, allowed the hot broiling sun to pour down on their faces and arms, wherefore the dude men went them one better and they go bareheaded with sleeves rolled to elbows and no hat at all. A bad case of the pot calling the kettle black! Worry Is Diseased Thought j (Collier's Weekly.) Concentrated thought is virtually irresistible. All the vast edilice of modern science and indu&tiy is ob viously the product oi thought, much of it of our own time and observation. Tne birth of an idea in the human mind is cleariy the on e and only dawn of em pires and revolutions, of engines, pniiosopnies, trade routes, civilizations. To class worry under the head of thinking, there fore, seems a glaring sacrilege. Yet worry is thought, for all that—diseased, impure, adulterated thought. It means an admixture of emotion, of the worst of all the emotions—fear—into one’s thinking. Instead of con centrated, clear, serene thinking on the problem in hand worry is thinking, muadled black with fear. It is about as helpful as clapping the brakes upon wheels toiling uphill. Yet all the world is laboring under that Egyptian heaviness of the wheels and almost every spirit is a spirit in the dark prison of fear. But once we grasp tnis truth clearly, once w r e convince ourselves that we can rid our thought of emotionalism, of fear, the day of our deliverance is at hand. And the substitution of encouraging, healthy thought, of new channels among the worn ruts, is a powerful aid. There may be failures and backslidings, as is cus tomary in all mortal effort and human endeavor. But fear is weakened like a choking thing, and more and more clear and unimpeded becomes our thinking. For we realize at last, once for all. that where thinking cannot help us, fear certainly will not. And then we have worry by the throat. The first touch o f fall reminds us that ths straw lid must soon he off. “Safety first” is a slogan heard in every American mine and shop that is keeping abreast of the times. It bespeaks a higher appreciation of human life and a recognition on the part of capi tal, as well as of labor, that the body of the worker 'r* the first and mpst important thing to be preserved. All ris» to life and limb will never be eliminated from the mine or from the great manufacturing plant. But it is possible greatly to reduce the number of accidents and to elim inate entirely those that are pre ventable, or that are the result of careless methods or faulty machinery. ' • • • The mining industry has caused the greatest number or fatal accidents, as well as serious injuries. The min ing operators realize this fa<£. Last year t' -» Amer ican Mine Safety association was organized, which will hold its second meeting in Pittsburg on September 22. At this meeting all of the great mining compa nies of the country will be represented. The object of the organization is to increase the safety of mines, especially coal mines, by taking every possible precau tion to prevent accidents and to provide for the promptest possible rescue of miners from a mine in which an accident occurs. • • • One of the most thoroughly organized safety sys tems in the world is now in operation by the United States Steel corporation. The different branches of this great trust had been attempting to lessen the number of accidents for several years. The corpora tion itself had a liberal system of compensation for accidents, but the work was not systematized. A committee of safety has now been provided to or ganize a harmonious safety scheme. The members are selected from the different departents and sufticient funds are provided to carry out the plans suggested. The comittee has spent over $u,000.000 since its organ ization, but it has .'educed the number of accidents 43 per cent. This means 2,600 fewer accidents and a sav ing to the community of at least $2,000,000 - year. * • * Care upon the part of the workmen is essential to the success of every safety movement. A campaign of education along this line is being conducted in almost every industrial plant. Lectures are given the men and demonstrations of the dangers to be avoided in various parts of the works are frequent. Mottoes are printed upon the pay envelopes and upon the walls and in every available place, in some plants thesq are changed frequently. Amongt he rqost practical aie: “Remember, itr~is better to cause e delay than an accident,” “The prevention of accidents and inju ries, by all possible means, is a personal duty which every one owes, not to himself alone, but to his fel low workmen,” “Let every employe be a committee of one to prevent some one accident,” “Look out for the other man; you might hurt him,” “Foremen, careless ness is dangerous; if workmen insist upon being care less, discharge them.” • • • In large shops much of the machinery is operated by electric power. So far as possible the electric wires are covered, but wherever the slightest danger of a shock is possible a large sign is displayed. One ox those much used is sta tling enough to be under- tood by the most illiterate, loreign workmen. It in cludes a skull and cross bones, a clenched hand from which radiate llames and between them tile word “Llektrika.” In some shops this sign is kept illumi nated by electricity. The eiectrlc illumination over some of the entrance gates to tne works of the Amer ican Steel corporation has taken the form of the following sentences: Work for safety. ' Think for safety. Talk for safety. Boost for safety. • • • Ideas for additional safety devices are always in demand. Some plants award prizes to workmen who suggest safety ideas for their own protection or that of other workers. That the safety movement extends to every department is evidenced by the fact that one plant has expended the sum of $32,500 to prevent ac cidents to lamp tiimmers and window cleaners. * • * One of the devices which checks many accidents permits a woikmen ceught in the machinery instantly to stop the wheel. A wire is stretched within easy reach, which is connected with the switches, this enables the man whose finger or clothing gets caught in a wheel or cog to rtop the machinery by a single Jerk of the elbow. The invention has already saved the loss of many arms ar#i legs. * * • The United States bureau of mines is entitled to much credit in originating tne saiety campaign which is now’ extending into every industry. This bureau, created by congress in 1910, has originated many of the safety devices now being introduced into the dif ferent mines. It conducts an experimental mine in Pennsylvania for the purpose of testing new methods and machinery for coal mining, designed to lessen the risk to the miners. Safety explosives have been the subject of special investigation. Over 10,000 tests were made last year in analyzing the explosives sub mitted for examination. The 'experimental mine is equipped w’ith apparatus for record.ng the speed of an explosive and the pressure produced. Safety explo sives are now used in many of the largest mines in the country. Aside from their advantage in safety, they are more economical than the dangerous ones formerly used. / • * • The bureau of mines has six rescue stations, lo cated in the parts of the country where mining acci dent! are most likely to occur. It has also eight res cue cars which may be sent promptly to the s .ene of any mine disaster. At the stations and also on oard are cars, mine safety lectures are deiiveied and in struction in rescue arid first-aid work given to miners who desire to take them. The interest manifested in these lectures and instruction has been most gratify ing. More than 30,000 miners attended the safety lectures last year and more than 10,000 took part in the rescue and first-aid work. About 1,000 certifi cates were issued to men who completed the course; These are highly prized by their recipients. • • * Each of the mine rescue cars contains eight oxygen helmets, a dozen safety lamps, a field telephone with 2,000 feet of steel wire, a collapsible steel mine cage, cage, a pulrnotor, and a generous outfit of the band ages and other appliances used in first-aid-to-the • jured work. Each car has had a regular itinerary, stopping at different mines and demonstrating its apparatus. As a result most of the larger mines have within a few months installed modern rescue apparatus of their own. A crew of men, selected from volun teers among the miners, is trained by government experts in the operation of # the apparatus. Col ege Students' Earnings That 500 Columbia students earned $120,000 to ward their college expenses last year gives an idea of the development of self-support among college youth. The figures indicate average earnings of $240, derived in the main from tutoring, but gained also from such varied occupations as hotel clerk, elevator runner, renting agent, subway platform man, telephone oper ator, waiter, etc. The participation of gird students of Barnard and the Teachers’ college in self-supporting work and their comparative incomes have a special interest. One earned $125 teaching modern languages during the ^summer, while another cleared $232 as a stenographer, and a third made $247 as a restaurant cashier. These earnings approximate to those of male students and have a bearing on the question of “equal pay for equal work,”