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6 THE ATLANTA SFMT-WEEELY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1913. > This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information. Letters 'should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College, Athens, Oa. Preserving the Vigor The farmer who hopes to succeed in a financial way must keep his herds and flocks in a healthy condition. The loss of several valuable animals during the course of the year quickly wipes out what should otherwise represent a substantial profit. Animals are much more sensitive to their surroundings than many of us suppose, and diseases are as liable to creep in surreptitiously as in the case of the human being. Con stant vigilance is the only safeguard at the farmer’s command. In the first place, animals should be kept on pas-. tture and out of doors as mucth as pos sible. Sunshine is one of the most pow erful disinfectants known and fresh air is an antidote for many of the ills to which animals are subject. The live stock farmer must, therefore, have an abundance of pasture. In order that the* animals may have protection from the extremely hot rays of the sun in the summer time, shade should be provided in the pastures . This is not a difficult thing to do, and if the pastures should happen to be without natural shade, it is a comparatively easy matter to provide a temporary shelter or to fence in a small tract of woodland so that the. necessary shade may be availble at all times. The animals will quickly discover this shade and take full ad vantage of the protection it affords them in the middle of the day. Pastures and pasture lands have never received the consideration which their importance merits in the United States. The grazing lands should be frequently inspect and harrowed disked and even plowed. Some fertilizer to balance up the nitrogen returned to the soil .in the way of dejecta should be applied. For pastures bone meal pro vides a very desirable form of phos phorus, and will be found very bene ficial on most of our southern grazing lands. Applications of lime will help the grass materially, especially on soils where there is a tendency to acidity, and undesirable grass and weed growths tend to choke out the plants which are most valuable for grazing purposes. It will not cost much to give pastures the added attention which their importance merits; yet they will respond splendidly to a little care and attention and re ward the farmer by larger returns of milk or beef per acre as the case may be. Native grasses should be utilized for pasture purposes as largely as possible, and w r here these fail some of the nardier and better known tame grasses and clovers should be used. The pasture may frequently be made of great serv ice during the winter season. If some of the clovers which thrive best at that season of the year be employed a good deal of picking will be provided throughout the year. The animals will obtain wholesome and much-needed ex ercise in the open air, thus tending to keep the circulation and, digestion in good condition and to hasten the elimi nation of any effete material which might otherwise accumulate in the sys tem and produce indigestion or other forms of illness. Of course, the pas tures should not be graezd in extremely wet weather, and even though they may not furnish much feed during the win ter season they are most valuable in maintaining the health and vigor of the herd. Burr clover, white clover and the vetches may be sown on most pasture lands with some considerable ' advan tage, and after they .become well es- m tablished will reproduce themselves. Where these make a good growth, the amount of roughness needed will be ma terially reduced, and the farmer who does not possess a silo will find that his animals thrive much better than upon the dry, coase food upuon which he generally attempts to maintain them. Therefore, an effort should be made on every farm to encourage the growth of such legumes and tame grasses as will provide a considerable amount of gra- ing in the winter season. Naturally, where animals are kept in any considerable number the silo should be depended on as a source of succulent feed in the winter time. It is surpris ing how small an area of land may be made to fill a silo holding as much as ^100 to 150 tons. Silage is one of the * roost wholesome winter feeds the writer has ever seen utilized, and in a long period of observation it has been worth more than any amount of money in vested in medicine. The silage acts as a relaxing tonic to the systejn. It helps to keep the bowels regulated and the appetite on edge. It takes the place of grass in a most satisfactory manner. It provides an ideal companion food to use with many of the more concen trated foodstuffs on the market which might otherwise not be so well digested and assimilated. Animals receiving silage will shed off about thirty days earlier In the spring and will present a slicker and better appearance through out the entire winter season. Every farmer who is engaged in the live stock business to any considerable extent will find the silo the cheapest and most val uable on his farm. If the animals must be confined dur ing the winter season, let the stables MOTHER! IS CHILD’S STOMACH SOUR, SIGH? If Cross, feverish, constipated give “California Syrup of Figs.” Don’t scold your fretful, peevish child. See if tongue is coated; this is a sure sign its little stomach, liver and bowels are clogged with sour waste. When listless, pale, feverish, full of cold, breath bad, throat sore, doesn't eat, sleep or act naturally, has stomach ache, indigestion, diarrhoea, give a tea spoonful of “California Syrup of Figs,” and in a few hours all the foul waste, the sour bile and fermenting food passes out of the bowels and you have a well and playful child again. Chil dren love this harmless “fruit laxative,” and mothers can rest easy after giving It, because it never fails to make their little “insides” clean and, sweet. Keep it handy, Mother! A little given today saves a sick child tomorrow, but get the genuine. Ask your druggist for bl 50-cent bottle of “California Syrup of Figs,” which has directions for babies, children of all ages and for grown-ups plainly on the bottle. Remember there are counterfeits sold here, so surely look and see that yours is made by the ^California Fig Syrup Company.” Hand back with contempt any other fig syrup. of Herds and Flocks be light and well ventilated. If they are to be kept in a barn with storage above, it should be at least tightly floored so that the dirt will not fall down from above nor the breath of the animals contaminate the feed. While the stable should have an abundance of windows and doors, it should be so ar ranged as to prevent cold draughts from blowing through it. So many forms of ventilators are now on the market, and they may be so easily installed that this very important and essential factor in keeping the animals healthy should not be overlooked. In most places in the south artificial ventilation Will not be necessary because of the very consider able amount of sunshine throughout the winter season. A good yard on the out side of the stable should be provided and should be kept dry and in a cleanly condition as an exercise lot. In this lot there should be plenty of rock salt, and, of course, this very necessary ar ticle of the dietary should be kept in the pastures. Pure water is one of the very important things in maintaining animals in a vigorous condition. The water troughs should be cleaned out fre quently and scoured well with salsoda or something else to sweeten them. The same is true of the mangers, especially where they are constructed of wood. All opinions to the contrary, animals are more dainty frequently in their tastes than the owners permit them to be. To maintain animals on dry, rough feed throughout the winter season is a policy devoid of common sSnse, and where one cannot have a silo a grazing area should be provided in the vicinity of the stable on which the animals may be turned out from time to time. A patch of rye, oats, barley or any other crop which grows satisfactorily in the colder months of the year will answer every purpose. Medicine should not be used to any appreciable extent, and should only be resorted to in the last extremity. Then it should be of a sim ple character and purchased directly from the drug store by the owner. This will be found cheaper and more satis factory than to purchase the nostrums so frequently suggested. Animals suf fering from indigestion will often re cover if given a dose of oil or Glauber salts and fed bran mashed for a few days. Sometimes a tonic or’ condition pcwder will be found helpful, especially with horses. Simple treatment and care and skill in management will do in finitely more than quantities of medi cine. Disinfectants should be used in and about the stables from time to time. A 5 per cent solution of creolin will be found very efficient. Any of the coal tar dips in fact may be used to advantage. Keep the animals free from lice. Curry them as frequently as pos sible. This keeps the skin free from dirt and also aids circulation. All animals should be tested for tuberculosis at least once a year. This is one of the most dangerous and de structive diseases, especially to stock- men engaged in either beef raising or dairying. The test can be made quite easily and at a reasonable cost. The loss of one animal a year from this trouble will more than offset the ex pense involved in making the test. If this disease once obtains a foothold in the herd, it . is extremely difficult to eradicate it, and if neglected will result in a short time in the practical destruc tion of the herd as a producing unit. * * * FOOD VALUE OF CERTAIN MA TERIALS. A correspondent Nvrites: I would like to know the digestible nutrients in seven pounds of cotton seed hulls, that is, the total dry matter, carbohydrates and fat. I would also like to have a balanced ration for milk cows composed of food products easily obtainable in southern Georgia. Seven pounds of cotton seed hulls would contain approximately 6.22 pounds of dry matter, .021 pounds of protein, 2.22 pounds of carbohydrates, and .119 pounds of fat. An excellent ration for dairy cows may consist of any of the following mixtures: Three pounds of cotton seed meal, three pounds of corn and cob meal, eight pounds of pea vine ray, six pounds of corn stover and forty pounds of corn silage. Three pounds of cotton seed meal, eight pounds of rice bran, ten pounds of molasses and fourteen of mixed grass hay. Four pounds of cotton seed meal, one pound of rice bran, twenty pounds of cotton seed hulls. Two pounds of cotton seed meal, seven pounds of corn and cob meal, three pounds of dried brewers’ grains, fifteen pounds of mixed grass hay. These rations are intended for a cow giving two to three gallons of milk a day and weighing approximate ly 1,000 pounds. As the animals in crease or decrease in size, the ration should be adjusted accordingly. The foodstuffs suggested are among the most easily obtained in the state of Georgia. In feeding dairy cows, it is very desirable that succulent feeds be provided for the winter season. These may be had by planting cereal crops early in the fall to be grazed diiring the winter or through the growing of such crops as corn and sorghum to be placed in the silo and preserved for winter use. * * * GRAING HOGS ON MAST. W. J. J., Americus, Ga., writes: 1 have a large swamp pasture with lots of acorns and nuts. Have Just bought several young Berkshire sows, and will buy a pure-bred Tam worth boar and cross them? Kindly ad vise me if you think this will make a good hog? You can raise hogs to good advan tage on the character of land men tioned in your letter for the mast se cured will prove very valuable as a source of food. Naturally hogs which live on acorns alone do not develop a firm and desirable character of flesh, but if they are penned and fed for some time before slaughter or if they are fed some corn right along, the quality of the meat will be greatly im proved, and the exercise entailed In gathering a part of their food in the open will insure their keeping in bet ter health and growing more rapidly. This is one of the best ways to keep breeding animals in a healthy and vig orous condition and thus make certain of farrowing larger and stronger lit ters. It would hardly be good policy in our judgment to cross the highgrade Berkshire with a Tamworth boar, and believe you will not gain any material advantage by so doing. It is possi ble. of course, that the cross breeds might fatten a little more rapidly and that you would get a little more length and depth as the result of the Tamworth cross but the Berkshire makes a very good rustler, and we be lieve the chances are that a uniform bunch of hogs of a given strain will gi\ you better results than the cross breeds taking everything into consid eration. * * * THE COTTON CROP OF 1911. J. R. C., Eastman, Ga., writes: Can you give me approximate number of bales of cotton in 1911, with price and cost of production? Also can you give me approxi mate cost of poultry sold for market pur poses, price brought, and the number con sumed at home? Georgia produced in 1911, 2,874,608 bales of cotton grown on 6,504,000 acres of land. The value of the cotton crop was estimated to be $154,330,000. Of this amount $131,450,000 represented the value of the lint, and $22,880,000 the value of the seed. Of the total value of the lint shown above, $6,090,000 repre sented the value of the Sea Island or long staple cotton produced. On April 15, 1910, the poultry in Geor gia was represented to be worth $2,088,- 663. I regret my inability to supply you with the other information relative t< the poultry business, but there do not seem to be any statistics available along this particular line, which is further ev idence of the need of investigating the subject of farm production more fully than either the state or federal govern ment has seemed to think worth while up to the present time. * * * WANTS INFORMATION ABOUT PERCHERONS. J. W. S., Milledgevijle, Ga., writes: I am interested in I’ercberon mares for farm and generally utility work, and would like to get your opinion on these horses for this work. I noticed sdme very fine ani mals of this breed on the educational train two or three years ago. If, as claimed, you can work them and raise a colt every year or two, I think they would fill my re quirements better than mules. There is no reason why Percheron mares of the type carried on the educa tional train two years ago cannot be utilized on Georgia plantations to tho very best possible advantage. They will do as much work as ordinary mules and more than the lighter type employed on many plantations and will raise a colt each year as well. We have found these mares invaluable for plowing and pulling the heavier type of implements which it is necessary for Georgia farm ers to use now in order to cultivate the land to the required depth, to expedite farm operations and minimize the amount of hand labor which it is necessary to employ. In our experience the mares have done as satisfactory work as mules and have stood the hot weather surprisingly well. It is best to introduce them in the fall of the year or the early winter, and of course, the first year they should be treated with con sideration and care until they become thoroughly acclimated. It is also im portant to remember that large heavy animals of this type can not be whipped or driven around indiscriminately by careless and indifferent negroes with out injury. These animals must also be fed with care and skill because it is a great strain to perform a large amount of labor and nourish and de velop a colt as well. If the owner of the plantation understands anything about the breeding, feeding and manage ment of horses and will give his per sonal supervision and attention to the,m, they can certainly be utilized to excel lent advantage on our farms and planta tions. They adapt themselves well to our climate, and are as prolific as any breed of draft animals we might intro duce. They have given us excellent sat isfaction on the college farm, and we hope this year to enlarge our breeding operations. • * * AN APPRECIATIVE READER. J. S. V., Fiber ton, Ga.. writes. I want to congratulate you on the great work you are doing in helping to presene the land of our coufatry, and to make better farmers of our farming people. I have a horse that is lame in the left hind leg. He hops only when coming out of the stable and after pulling a load for an hour or two. He is eight years old. I would like to know what to do for him. It is gratifying to know that you find the columns of The Journal so helpful and that you are interested in the work which the College of Agriculture is en deavoring to dp, and believe that the efforts being made to epucate the farm ers are bearing fruit in Georgia result ing in the development of its agricul ture along constructive lines and im proving the conditions of its farmers. Naturally this is possible, and just in proportion as we are willing to put moneyl into a scientific study of the soil and the conservation of its ener gies, we will make progress along hte right direction. Judging from the description contain ed in your letter your horse is suffering from a hurt or injury to the hock. The chances are that the trouble is in the nature of a spavin. Horses which are spavined often have a peclliar gait, a slight hitch in the affected leg and a sudden dropping on the well one. This lameness is most pronounced when the horse first starts. After a while the trouble seems to disappear as the ani mal is said to warm up. In traveling it will be observed that the horse often steps on the toe with the result that there is a wearing away of the shoe very rapidly at the point of cotact with the ground. It is very difficult to treat trouble of this kind satisfactorily. The best thing to do is to put on a high heleed shoe and give the horse complete rest for a considerable length of time. Turning out to pasture will be excel lent treatment Then fomentations of hot water may be applied two or three times daily. A red blister will often be found very helpful. This should be used about once a week for three or four weeks. In bad cases about the only treatment is to fire the spavin, but this should only be undertaken by one who has had experience in the treatment of animals. In other words, you should employ a competent veterinarian to do the work. * * * THE GRAZING PROBLEM IN SOUTH GEORGIA. R. R. R., Quitman, Ga., writes: Can you give me any information in regard to paspalum dilatatum as a pasture grass in the pine-woods section or coastal plains? I would like to know something of its habits, necessary cultivation and kind of soil needed, and would it be a good grass to grow in this section? Paspalum dilatatum, known common ly as hairy-flowered paspalum, is an erect perennial two to four feet high. It is found in various localities through out the south, but principally along the Mississippi river. It is frequently ob served in the vicinity of Memphis about July, and possibly has been spread •through that section by t seed introduced for cultivation. It is believed that this grass was introduced into the United States from South America, and it is s # poken of in the highest terms by those who have cultivated it. It affords excel lent pasture and is particularly valu able as yielding late summer and au tumn feeding during which period it makes its principal growth. As a rule, the paspalums native to the United ►States grow best in moist ground. About 160 species of this grass are known and they are very widely dis tributed, being abundant especially in the tropical regions of America. There are about forty species and varieties In the United States, and they are chiefly found in the southern districts. This grass withstands dry weather to a re markable extent .and should be seeded on well-prepared lands at the rate of about five pounds per acre. The seed will cost about 35 cents a pound. It is often best to sow this grass in a mix ture, as it makes a very slow develop ment for a year or two after it is seed ed. We believe you will find this grass well worth experimenting with in your section of the state. DRY FARMING; OR RAISING GOOD CROPS WITH LITTLE MOISTURE The most remarkable example on record of successful dry-farming comes from Lichtenburg, South Africa. Last year 17 bushels of wheat per acre were raised there on exactly one-half # of an inch of rainfall between planting time and harvest. This is an official record certified by the department of agricul ture of the Union of South Africa. The i wheat was planted on July 2, and was harvested on November 28, 1912. The variety was Chernouska, a macaroni wheat. Nearly as good results were achieved with a Minnesota soft wheat which yielded 16 and a fraction bushels per acre under the same conditions. The rainfall on the Lichtenburg farm in July was one-tenth of an inch, in August and September nothing, in October thirty-one one-hundredths of an inch, in November one-tenth of art inch. In 1911, when drouth covered two- thirds of the western half of America, J. M. Bradshaw, of Peyton, Col., raised 2,000 bushels of wheat on 100 acres of ground which received but four inches of rain and snow fall from the time the wheat was planted to the date it was harvested. Results almost as good have been achieved in Oklahoma and in the Panhandle of Texas in a number of seasons. A comparison of these conditions) and results, with the average conditions prevailing in Oklahoma and Texas, as well as in the central states will give the farmer food for thought. No such rainfall records as those quoted from South Africa have ever been known in Texas, yet the average wheat yield of western Texas does not equal the result achieved on the Lichtenburg farm under one-half inch of rainfall. This year the central states are blast ed by drouth; oats have failed in Mis souri; wheat and oats in many districts of Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska have been reduced one-third. Corn is almost a total failure in Kansas and Oklahoma. The total loss in these states through lack of rainfall this season will run into the hundreds of millions of dollars. This condition is not new. It has happened before. Government records show that within the last fifteen years but one growing season in the central west has not suffered a drouth of at least three weeks in length. The rec ords also show that, in many of the states mentioned, a drouth which con tinues through three weeks will injure the average crop, and that five weeks without rainfall will cut the crop nearly in half, if the drouth occurs at a critical period of the growing season. The average farmer blames Provi dence for his loss. He ought to blame himself for not knowing in these days of enlightened agriculture, that especial system of tillage may be practiced which will store the rainfall of any season for the use of crops in times of drouth. This system, commonly called “dry- farming,” is being practiced today by good farmers in every agricultural na tion of the world. The Lichtenburg man raised 17 bushels of wheat to the acre by storing the rainfall of the pre ceding winter for the use of crops in summer. Mr. Bradshaw, of Colorado, raised 20 bushels of wheat per acre by storing the rainfall of the previous year, and making it available when he needed it. The same thing can be done in every section of Texas and Oklahoma. Dry-farming does not mean without water. It does mean that farmers can grow good crops with less water than most people think is needed, and that through proper tillage methods they can reduce evaporation and can establish a storage reservoir in the soil which will hold the water until they are ready to use it. This year at Tulsa, Okla,, the farmers of thirty nations will meet to talk about these dry farming methods. The eighth International Dry Farming con gress will be held in Tulsa from Octo ber 22 to November !. Official dele gates will be present from forty states of the union, from Argentine, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Ura- guay and Venezuela in South America; from Mexico and Canada in North America; from Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Germany, Hun gary, Holland, Russia and Spain in Eu rope; from the Transvaal and Egypt in Africa; from Palestine, Persia and Chi na in ’Asia, and from Australia and New Zealand in the South Seas. These official government delegates, together with tens of thousands of real farmers from all parts of the west, will meet in Tulsa for the one purpose of planning how to raise good crops in regions of occasional drouth or of small rainfall. The eighth congress is expected to be the most largely at tended gathering ever held between Kansas City and Dallas. An exposition of dry farmed crops will be held in connection with the con gress. More than 100,000 square feet of floor space has been prepared in twelve great buildings for exhibits from eighteen American states; from four western provinces of Canada, and frqm a dozen foreign countries. Chi na will compete with Oklahoma and Texas on the same crops, for the Chi na exhibit will consts of corn, cotton, milo maize, Kaffir, wheat, rye, barley, millet and kaoliang. Wheat from Rus sia, Argentina and Australia will com pete with wheat from Colorado and Kansas. Oats from Saskatchewan, Minnesota and Oregon will contest for world supremacy with oats from Kan sas, Oklahoma and Texas. Every crop grown in the semi-arid districts of the wo.ld will be shown in open competi tion for the most valuable list of prizes ever offered at any agricultural fair or exposition. These prizes range in value up to $1,250 each for single crop exhibits. Eighty acres have been set aside for machinery exhibits and demonstrations. Every farming machine suitable for use in the south and southwest will be shown in actual operation just as on the farm and in the hands of the farmer himself. This feature of the exposition is expected to be the most complete farm machine show and tillage and pow er demonstration ever held in the south west. The exposition will last through elev en days. The sessions of the Interna tional Dry-Farming congress will con tinue five days, beginning October 27. The International congress is today a world-wide organization. It has officers in nineteen nations of the world and members in sixty nations. The congress itself is purely and solely educational. It is non-political and non-partisan.. It is not an agricultural college, neither does it conduct experiment or demon stration farms. It merely gathers from all available sources information con cerning modern methods of agriculture as they apply to districts of small rain fall or of occasional drouth, and then spread this information among interest ed farmers in all countries. Its annual conventions and expositions are held for the sole purpose of teach ing the farmers of the world how to in crease their yields per acre, the quality of their crops and their bank accounts, by following the new methods of soil tillage which are revolutionizing agri culture everywhere. No farmer in Texas who is anxious to improve his knowledge and to better the condition of his pocketbook should miss this great farm meeting in Tulsa.—Farm and Ranch. • METHODS OF IMPROVING LAND; SUBSOILING WITH DYNAMITE OUR SPECIALS Suit Made to Order„ "" 'Linings Guaranteed for Two Yoart Made to your individual measure from any selection of cloth, in any style and guaranteed to fit you per fectly. Oursuitaaremadeby theonly system in the world, which insures perfect fit. and are not approached in price, variety of style, quality of materials, trimmings and workman ship by any other house. We sa you half on any clothes you buy. AMAZING AGENCY OFFER Write us and we will send you abso lately free, complete sample outfit, aad ( large selection of cloth samples, latest fashion illustrations, order blanks, tape ' measure, complete instructions how to 1 take measurements. We will show you how i easy it is to get into well paying business. 1 Hundreds of our agents are making $5 to $159 a day. You need no money or experience— 1 we furnish you everything to start. You can ' make good money using spare time only. Profit on two orders rays for your own suit. . THE CAPRTOL TAILORS* .Dept, g Monroe & Market Sts, Chicago Q k 406 NEW Feather $1-7.30 Beds Only / ■— Full Weight 86 lb. Bed $1.80 each—6 lb. Pillows $1.15 per pair. Direct from the Largest Manufacturer to You —Cash withOrdor. All Feathers New, Clean, Live, Odorless, and absolutely Dustless—Best Sox. A.C.A. Ticking—Guaranteed i as represented or money back, i Ours are the Only Genuine 1 Sanitary Feather Beds and Pillows—Beware of Imitations. All pillows have vacuum ventilators. Order now and save the re tailer’s big proflt-or write today for free catalogue. AMERICAN FEATHER 4PILLOW CO. Dept. R» Agents Wanted Reference Broadway N at’l Bank Only 144 Trespasses On Uncle Sam’s Grass During Year of 1913 WASHINGTON, Sept 18—Uncle Sam’s “keep off the grass warning” was violated only 144 times in the past fiscal year, even though the warning covered a territory of more than 138,' 000,000 acres of national forest. In announcing the record, the forest service officials expressed their satisfaction at the showing, awarding much credit to the stock raisers in the neighborhood of the forests for their co-operation in en forcing the law. “Of the total number of cases of graz ing trespass, twenty were dismissed for lack of evidence. A majority of the oth ers already have been prosecuted and fines and punishment inflicted. During the year more than twenty million head of stock grazed under permits on the national preserve and thirty-two thou sand permits were issued.” HUMBLE BANANA TOTEM F ° R SOUTH AMERICA Director Barrett Praises Fruit, It Will Now Succeed the Dove of Peace WASHINGTON, Sept 18.—Shooing the dove of peace from off its perch, John Barrett, director general of the Pan-American union, today installed thbe naana as the emblem of internation al tranquility at least so far as Latin- America is concerned. In a letter ad dressed to the senate and house con ferees on the tariff bill, protesting against the proposed duty on the fruit, he portrayed the humble banana as a powerful civilizing influence. “Only a person like myself,” Mr. Barrett sets forth, “who has been in timately associated with the recent history and development of Latin-Amer ican countries, and especially those bor dering on the Caribbean sea and Gulf of Mexico, appreciates the mighty change that has been brought in the political, economic, agricultural and social condi tions of those countries by the growth of the banana industry. “The building up of the banana busi ness has done more than any other in dividual influence, material or political, tQ bring about conditions of prosperity sanitation, health and peace in those low-lying coast lines of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, which, previous to the banana era, were largely given up to wild jungles, malaria, shiftless peo ples and haunts of incipient revolu tions.” The dove of peace, it was said by one of the conferees after he had read Mr. Barrett’s appeal, hereafter should carry a banana in its beak instead of the use less, if ornamental, twig of myrtle. Es pecially was this change appropriate in the members’s opinion since Mr. Barrett declared that the banana “will do more to advance prosperity and preserve peace in the states where it is grown than any other agricultural or commercial influ ence.” • SCIENTISTS PLUMB DEPTHS OF VESUVIUS Party Descends 1,200 Feet Into Bowels of Volcano, a Record Descent NAPLES, Sept. 18.—Depth of 1,200 feet was reached by Professor Malledra and his two companions in their recent descent of the crater of Vesuvius. This constitutes a record for such an enterprise, it is said. The party spent an hour in making scientific experiments on the brink of the great funnel at the bottom of the crater, which they were able to sound to a depth of 200 feet. The unnel, which is 500 feet in diameter, was created by the sudden subsidence of the old crater floor last month. The ex plorers found the inside of the funnel to be an enormous fiery cavern. They lost their thermometers, the steel ropes on which they were suspended becoming fused by the acids and terrific heat. How ever, they had obtained a recognized temperature of 626 degrees fahrenheit be fore the mishap occurred. BARGAINS! $10 Money Order brings you one first class 36-lb Feather Bed; 1 set 3-lb. Pillows-rone ($2.25) Coun terpane; one (36x72) Rug $1.60; one Initial Handker chief; one Pack Post Cards, all for only $10 to introduce ir.y feather beds. As to quality I challenge com parison* Only one lot to each family. Agents want ed. Address L. J. Turner, Box 48, Grover N. C. P. S.—Every person answering this with Money Order for bed, etc,, will receive extra one pair of dollar Pillow Shams FREE with *11 the above. CARPENTER KILLED BY SPEEDING FIRE TRUCK SAVANNAH, Ga., Sept. 18.—The funeral of Miles P. Overcash, a car penter who was killed yesterday after noon about 5 o’clock when he was run over by an auto fire engine, will take place this afternoon from the late res idence of the deceased. The driver of the truck was arrested and held for a time. It is believed he will be exoner ated whep the preliminary investigation is made. Tho coroner will hold an in quest todays The United States Department o Agri culture issued on March 26, Bulletin No. 92, entitled “Wells and Subsoil Water,” by W. J. McGee, expert in charge of subsoil investigations. This bulletin is of great importance to every citizen because, as it states in its opening paragraph, the habit ability of any continent depends on its water supply—no water, no plants; no plants, no people. The bulletin is an exhaustive treatise of 185 pages and the data therein cov ering 31 typical states, shows that the subsoil water level is lowering at the rate of 1,422 feet per decade, as determined by the height of water in the wells. The author concludes from 1 the sta tistics and observations that the chief causes of this lowering of water level are; (1) Clearing the land of forests. (2) Heavy consumption of water by manufacturing plants, artesian wells and by the increasing population. (3) Improper methods of farming where by the rainfall is not conserved in the subsoil. In suggesting a remedy for this threatened water famine and increas ing tendency towards protracted droughts, the author observes that the first cause cannot be corrected ex cept in a small way by forestry; that the second cause cannot well be cor rected because of the needs of the population and that therefore the ob vious remedy consists in improved methods of soil cultivation that will prevent the surface run-off of rain fall. The means suggested to prevent such surface rhn-off is to adopt meas ures whereby each farm shall be “made to take care of all the water falling on it during the entire year; and all that part of the water not needed for immediate crop growth or cistern or other supply, should be so caught and absorbed by mulch or well- tilled soil or contour furrows and ridges, as to pass into the ground, there to be stored against need for the steady supply of streams through seepage and for the gradual restora tion of the sadly depleted reservoir of subsoil water.” Progressive farmers everywhere are alive to the advantages of growing plants on an absorptive soil, as it tends to prevent wet weather satura tion of the top soil, or dry weather drougth. Until recently, deep plowing with a subsoil plow or other deep tillage ma chinery was apparently the only means of increasing the absorptive power of the soil, but the plowing of soil to a depth of from 12 to 18 inches is accomplished only with great difficulty and considerable expense. Within the last two years, however, the general introduction of dynamite in agricul ture has demonstrated that the best means of increasing water storage ca pacity of the subsoil is by blasting it. Blasts of a half-cartridge or a quar ter-pound of low grade dynamite placed in bore holes to a depth of about three feet will break up the most impervious subsoil in a spongy mass. In fact, English agriculturists describe this work as the establishment of “soil sponges.” In ordinary subsoil, where the charges are placed at a distance of 15 feet* apart, these “soil sponges” over lap as the explos' re has an average radius of efficiency of 10 feet. Thus the whole area blasted becomes an enormous earth sponge six to eight feet deep and the water .'storing ca pacity of an acre of land so treated is increased by many tons. This does not create a mucky condition of the land. On the contrary, it produces a condition most favorable to plant growth. When heavy rainfalls occur the water, instead of washing off the val uable surface soil into streams, clog ging them and making navigation more difficult, sinks into the ground and remains in storage until the dry weather exhausts the moisture in the top soil. The stored water then be gins to rise by capillarity, carrying the plant through the protracted drouths that are now causing millions of dol lars’ loss every year In this country. Further, this subsoil blasting makes available for solution in the constant ly moving soil water, tons of natural plant food, otherwise unavailable, be cause not in solution. This is no longer a theory, bat an established fact as shown by largely increased, crops where subsoil blasting has been properly done. The chief precaution to be observed is that the blasting be done when the subsoil is dry, because then the shattering or sponge creating effect of the blast is greatest, whereas in wet subsoil the blast tends to form a small pot hole packed tight around its periphery. It is worthy of note in this connec- tio nthat the chief cause of the dis astrous floods that have recently oc curred in this country, is the lack of absorptive power of the soil and the denudation of the land by clearing. As the majority of farm soils that have not been opened by blasting or subsoil plowing will absorb only a small portion of the rainfall, it is ob vious ’ that there is an> excess run-off of surface water which has no outlet excepting the small streams and they in turn empty into the large rivers and cause, in a few days’ time, a rush of water which the largest river chan nel is incapable of handling. If subsoiling with dynamite were practiced generally through the country, it is not too much to expect that these disastrous floods would be a thing of the past. Output of Gold in U. S. on Decrease (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Sept. 18.—Produc tion of gold in the United State# dur ing 1912 amounted to $93,451,500, a de crease of $3,438,500 compared with the previous year, and the lowest American production since 1907. The output of silver wa# 63,766,800 fine ounces, valued at $39,197,500, an increase of 3,367,400 ounces over 1911. The figures were made public today in a joint statement by the mint bu reau and the geological survey. The decrease was caused because Nevada’# output lost $4,621,2000 as compared with 1911. George E. Roberts, director of the mint, said today that while the output of gold had decreased in the United States and Australia there was suffi cient in South Africa to make the world’s production of gold for 1912 greater than in 1911. $100,000 Fire LEXINGTON, Ky„ Sept. 17.—The club house at Castleton stock farm, auto garages, stable and ioe plant were de stroyed by fire this morning; with a loss ol $100,000. David M. Look, well known trotting horse owner, Is th eproprletor of Castleton. THE AMERICAN PEA SEPARATOR Threshes vfnes and all. Don't pick peas the old way, it’s too slow, but cut the vines and thresh them in the No. 14 American Bean and Pea Separator. It cleans the peas an,d shreds the vines. Special price $100, delivered at your depot. Write for particulars to Woodruff Machinery Mfg. 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