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6 THE ATLANTk PEMT-WE^LY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3 ; 1913. AGRICULTURAL, EDUCATION Successful Farmin^- mtup[. $ouLt This department will cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information. Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College. Athens, Ga. What Cotton Seed Means to the Farmer Few by-products of the farm require more earnest consideration at the hands of the producer than cotton seed. Tnc best disposition to make of it is natural ly a matter of great concern. It can, of course, be kept on the farm and utilized after a fashion for feed or fer tilizer. Experiments along this line are legion in number. Those which have been made in a careful manner by rep utable institutions, however, indicate that the farmer has not been able to secure as large return from his seed when fed directly to live stock or used as fertilizer as he could hope to obtain through their sale and the utilization of the by-products in the furtherance of his farming operations. The United States department of agriculture made ail extensive series of experiments a few years ago in an effort to determine what should be done with cotton sed These tests reveal the fact that where twenty bushels of seed was applied with 380 pounds of acid phosphate and twenty-five pounds of muriate of pctash, compared with 300 pounds of meal and an equal amount of phosphate and potash, the results favored the meai bv eighty-eight pounds of seed cotton per acre. This would J>e a difference of at least $6 per acre in favor of the meal. These experiments were repeated under varying conditions for several years. They were made by men abso lutely without bias and with no interest or concern in the outcome, and the dif ference observed was so marked as to indicate that the wise disposition to make of cotton seed under ordinary cir cumstances would be to sell them and substitute meal therefor in mixed fer tilizers. The seed when fted directly to live stock are known to be unsatisfactory in many particulars. They contain so much oil that scouring is sometimes in duced, and often animals do not eat them as readily as is desirable. More over. if they constitute the exclusive concentrate they are likely to produce digestive troubles of more or less per manent character, and certainly they affect the quality of butter obtained from dairy cows in an unfavorable man ner, making it very slick, greasy and lacking in aroma and flavor. In the handling and management of cotton seed the farmer should naturally be actuated only by selfish motives. In other words, he should utilize them so as to secure for himself the largest pos sible return in a financial way. It has been shown that a ton of average meal, say containing 6.18 per cent ( of nitrogen, is more effective for fertilizing purposes than two tons of seed. All will appre ciate that a ton of meal may be bought for much less than two tons of seed. This being true, the farmer should naturally sell or exchange his seed for meal if he has the facilities on his farm to feed the meal to the very best ad vantage and secure from it at least three-fourths of the fertilizing value it contains in the form of yard manure. It is needless to point out the remark able benefits obtained from the use of yard manure on soil types quite marked ly deficient in vegetable matter. By disposing of the seed and utilizing the meal in the manner suggested, sev eral benefits are thus obtained by the farmer. He not only secures a larger monetary return for his seed in the first place than it can be made to bring him either as feed or fertilizer, but, by utilizing the meal, he can increase the number of live stock kept on his farm and thus add to his supply of yard manure. When doing this he is increas ing the vegetable content of his soil, an Bssential and all-important matter. Finally, he is adding a part of the fer tilizer to his soil in a form which not only promotes fermentation, but pre vents the plant food from all becoming available at once, thus affording the crop time to take it up and utilize it as it grows. Where the farmer sells his seed, therefore, his interests are fully protected, and he is the gainer rather than the loser by the transaction. Of course, the per cent of increment won by the exchange depends much on his individuality and the skill with which he handles the product. Even where he exchanges the seed for meal and uses the latter for fertilizer, there is still an advantage in his favor, but to secure the largest return he must feed it for obvious reasons. While the producer should be thor oughly protected in all business trans actions and secure for himself the larg est possible return, there is another side to the cotto nseed problem which must not be overlooked. The family of the land owner ^nd the people living in the towns and cities must be fed and nourished to the best ad vantage. A ton of seeds, as all know, contains a large quantity of oil. Under ordinary methods of practice from 40 to 44 gallons may be extracted, depend ing considerably on the equipment used for expressing the oil and the quantity of seed grown. This oil is valuable in its crude form to the farmer, and, of course, can be purchased in this condi tion at a reasonable price. It may be used, for instance, for greasing animals to keep ticks off them in infested ter ritory. It is a cheap and efficient ma terial for this purpose. It may be used as the basis for administering many forms of medicine to live stock with ad vantage. When it is refined it provides the farmer with a desirable substitute for lard and adds wholesomeness and variety to the dietary of his family. Oil constitutes one of the important items in our national balance sheet, the quantity exported bringing nearly forty million dollars a year in gold into this country. When the oil is exported it does not hurt the land as would be the case with the seed or meal, for the oil is a carbohydrate and valuable chief ly as a solurce of fuel and energy. The fact that there is a decrease in the sup ply of meat animals in this country is noted with concern in every quarter. This means, of course, that cotton seed oil is becoming a more and more im portant factor in the nutrition of the American people, and since extracting the oil from the seed may be done to the advantage of the land owner and without injury to the value of the by products for feed or fertilizing purposes, it is easy to see what a remarkably fine arrangement nature has made with re spect to this matter. There is often an undue amount of suspicion in the minds of many per sons with reference to a discussion of a subject of this nature. Sometimes the farmer thinks that he is not get ting a fair return for his seed, and that by keeping them at home he can utilize them to better advantage. All the investigations of capable and inde pendent scientific men, however, are op posed to this idea, which after all is founded on notion and not on fact, in vestigation and close observation. What the farmer should receive for his seed in the way of money is, of course, a de batable question and he is entitled to receive the largest return possible. This is a matter of barter and sale and can be adjusted satisfactorily between buyer and seller without great difficulty, but unless the farmer is called on to sell his seed at a price clearly below their market value for manufacturing pur poses, it is to his interest in 99 cases out of 100 to do so unless we can not afford to place dependence on what our experiment station and research workers tell us. * * * FEEDING IRISH POTATOES TO HORSES. E. E. B., Elkton. Fla., writes: Do Irish potatoes have any feeding value for horses and mules? I have 100 barrels or more of small culls and our houses are very fond of them. I am feeding one gallon of po tatoes and a half gallon of corn at a feed. put a cement or brick foundation under it so as to leave the sills well above the soil and thus preserve them. If a wall Is run along the open side of the shed, it will act as a retainer of the manure and the urine as well. Leaves, litter, straw, chopped-up corn stalks or any thing else should be used to keep the urine properly absorbed. Let the ani mals tramp over the manure, and they will keep it packed so as to prevent Its fire-fanging. In this way you can pre serve it to good advantage. Meal and hulls will make a fairly good ration, but you will obtain larger gains at a lower cost if you can use some green feed, such as silage will provide. If you expect to follow cattle feeding, we would advise you to build a silo in the near future. * * * USING A THERMOMETER IN CHURNING. J. R. B., Dewy Rose, Ga., writes: We have two very fine cows and get a lot of milk, but am not satisfied with the amount of butter we get. I think the milk is too often churned before it fully turns. What about using a thermometer to tell when the milk is readyj and at what degree should the milk be churned? How do you use the thermometer? INDIGESTION, GAS OR SICA, SOUR STOMACH Time “Pape’s Diapepsin!” in five minutes ail stomach misery is gone “Really does” put bad stomachs in order—“really does” overcome indiges tion, dyspepsia, gas, heartburn and sourness in five minutes—that—just that—makes Pape’s Diapepsin the lar gest selling Stomach regulator in the world. If what you eat ferments into stubborn lumps, you belch gas and eructate sour, undigested food and acid: head is dizzy and aches; breath foul; tongue coated; your Insides filled with bile and indigestible waste, remember the moment “Pape’s Diapepsin” comes in contact with the stomach all such distress vanishes. It’s truly astonish ing—almost marvelous, and the joy is its harmlessness. A large fifty-cent case of Pape’s Dia pepsin will give you a hundred dollars’ worth of satisfaction or your druggist hands you your money back. It’s worth its weight in gold to men and women who can’t get their stom achs regulated. It belongs in your home—should always be kept bandy in case of a sick, sour, upset stomach dur ing the day or at night. It’s the quick est. surest and most harmless stomach doctor in the world. Potatoes would not be regarded as an especially valuable adjunct to the ration of horses and mules because of their relatively low content of protein and fat The digestibility of potatoes is as follows: 1.1 per cent of crude protein, 15.7 per cent of carbohydrates and .01 per cent of fat. The horse, because of the rather limited capacity of his stom ach, should be fed on rather a concen trated food. Of course, a little succu lent material such as would be provided through the medium of potatoes where only corn and dry roughness is fed would be advantageous in keeping the appetite on edge. Potatoes when fed to horses are generally cooked. In France it was found that 280 pounds of cooked potatoes were equal in feeding value to 100 pounds of good mixed hay. You will thus see that their feeding value for horses is not of a high order. We would be more disposed to feed these potatoes to pigs qr even cows and pro vide the horses and mules with green feed in the form of some forage crop. * * * FEEDING CATTLE IN NORTH GEOR GIA. E. O. W., Alto, Ga., writes: I am thinking of getting a carload of steers about four years old next November for feeding. My idea Is to keep them tied in a barn all the time and feeding them all the hulls and meal they will eat. Would this be all right? How large a barn ought I to have for 40 steers, and how can I save the liquid manure? I do not expect to make anything much more than the cost of the feed and the manure, which I need on my place. THE MINERAL RESOURCESOF GEORGIA BY S. w. M'CAIiLIE, State Geologist. Georgia, often designated the Empire; These ores occur in two different va- State of the South, comprises an area | rieties, namely, the brqwn or limon- aaa 14, ; ite ores, and the fossil or hematite ol nearly 6,000 square miles. It is the ’ “ , . M . . . . ores. The former class of ores are largest state east of the Mississippi, bo-; | usually found in irregular deposits as- ing nearly equal in size to the six New ' sociated with th e residual cherts and England states, namely: Maine, New clays derived from the Knox Dolomite Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,! and the Weisner Quartzite, both of Rhode Island and Connecticut. It is Cambrian age. The main district In which these ores have been mined in more than one-fourth the size of Ger- j !arg . e quantltieS| is located in Bartow FREE rwi HAT Till* riel? Imported s „ “Velour'* Hat with the^ Austrian Maker’s name stamped on the inside, made from the finest hare fur, brushed to the soft glossiness of rich plush, extra heavy, pure prosgrain silk band, fashionable three-auarter bow. Russia leather sweat band, extra wide. Lined with heavy f )ure silk,of shimmering colors, absolutely the newest »nd ■test creation and so swell that it will be noticed and admired by everybody. Regularly sold in City Stores for $7.00. We give it Absolutely FREE to OUR AGENTS All that we require is that you show our samples and take a few orders for our special-made-to-measure clothes. Wo pay highest ceah profits and give extra presents besides. Your choice of 628 valuable pre miums—such as Leather Suit Cases. Musical Instru ments, Pipes, Watches, Sporting Goods, Guns, etc. Writ* for elegant free outfit and full particulars 0RKNCER PH KAO GO.,, Dept. 815 , CHICAGO The chances of making money out of steer feeding depend on the class of cat tle you can secure and the facilities available for finishing them in an eco nomical manner. We would suggest that you get good three-year-olds if possible. To this end you should select a uniform bunch of cattle, say about twenty. Get them as nearly the same size, color and age as possible. You will probably have to go back into the mountains some dis tance, probably into North Carolina or Tennessee. You can drive them down by easy stages, however, and it will probably pay you to buy them in the early part of the summer, so as to be able to pick the class of animals you want. Uniformity in size, color and fin ish have much to do with the price you •an get for the animals at the time you >ell them. There is no objection to tying the .nimals in stalls in a barn, but we >ardly think this necessary or desirable n Georgia. We would prefer to feed hern in troughs in an open shed. Of •ourse, the shed should be built so as ° protect them from the north and west •inds; in other words, it shoufd face the south. A leanto shed will be satis factory for this purpose. You may clap- hoard it, use some of the artificial roof ing papers or shingle it. If you expect to make cattle feeding a permanent business, we would advise you to build the shed in a fairly substantial manner. We would put the feeding troughs down t.hc center of the shed so the animals could feed from all sides. You would not need a shed over 20x40 feet for one carload of cattleu It would be best to The amount of butter fat secured from milk depends a good deal on the skill with which it is handled in churn ing. The first thing to purchase is a good barrel or box churn, which should not be filled more than half full of milk. By this you can gauge the size of chum you will need. Milk is best churned at a temperature of 50 to 54 degrees in summer. Sometimes if you are feeding some cotton seed meal to your cows, even though they are on pasture, it will be necessary to raise the churning tem perature up to 60 or 64 degrees. In the winter time during unusually cold weather and where considerable quanti ties of cotton seed meal are fed, it is sometimes necessary to raise the tem perature to 90 or 94 degrees. The low est temperature at which you can churn, the more complete will be the recovery of the butter fat. In other words, if you attempt to churn immediately after drawing the milk there will be a con siderable loss of fat. If the milk is ripened, that is, allowed to turn mildly acid, certain processes take place which enable the butter fat to escape more readily from the fibrin of the milk, and therefore, a larger return of fat in the form of butter is secured. Get a oflating thermometer. Any dairy supply house can furnish you with one. They will ordinarily cost you about 25 cents. Put the thermometer in the milk before churning, and if the temperature runs above the temperature suggested, cool it down by inserting a small piece of ice. As soon as the milk is drawn from the cow it is well to chill it, and then allow it to stand overnight to ripen. After the butter is gathered, draw off the buttermilk and wash the butter thoroughly with cold water. This will enable you to keep the butter long er and will make a more wholesome and desirable product. * * * CATTLE J. A. C., Moultrie, Ga., writes: I am thinking of going into the cattle and hog raising business. Which ao you consider the best beef breeds for this climate? Would also appreciate any information in regard to hog raising. There are several good breeds of beef cattle well adapted to Georgia. We are inclined to think, however, that you will find the Hereford one of the best you can employ in this state. They have been raised quite extensively in some sections of south Georgia and have done fairly well. Of course, no class of cat tle will do their best on tick-infested lands, and in purchasing, it is impor tant to remember that you should buy cattle which have been exposed to tick fever. In other words, if you buy them north of the quarantine line or off farms where ticks have not existed and put them on a range where ticks are found, you will lose most if not all of them and in a comparatively short time. If you can fence your land you can easily get rid of th eticks, and it will pay you to do this. We have a herd of high-grade Herefords on the college farm. We run them on waste land and have found them to earn a good rental on it. This breed is at tractively marked; they are hardy, quite prolific, vigorous and excellent, grazers. They are probably not quite so heavy as the Shorthorns and possibly not so good for finishing in the stall as the Angus, but all in all, they have given excellent account of themselves, and we feel we can safely recommend them for your consideration. In attempting to raise hogs econ omically in Georgia, it is important that you keep cholera out. This may be done by inoculating them with serum. We would also advise that you fence your lands off into paddocks and grow a succession of grazing crops. A five- acre tract of land, for instance, divided into five equal areas with a lane along one side so as to make all the pad- docks easy of access will be found a desirable arrangements. Qf course, an abundance of clean, pure water should be supplied. On one area of land we would prefer to have alfalfa if possible. To this end you should plow it thor oughly and lime it at the rate of two tons of the pulverized rock per acre, and fertilize very freely. You should grow cowpeas on the land this summer and turn them under in the fall. We are having fair success with alfalfa on some small areas on the college farm treated as suggested, though it is rather a dif ficult crop to grow in Georgia. On the other areas of land we would plant win ter oats and vetch to graze down in the spring. Then you might sow spring oats and Canada peas In January. Mil let or Bermuda sod may be used for grazing in the early spring after which cowpeas, soy beans, peanuts and arti chokes planted in proper succession should provide an abundance of grazing. We think five acres of land should care for about five brood sows and their pro geny, according to the experience we have had here at the college. * * * MANAGEMENT OF A SHY BREEDER. C. W. C., Colbert, Ga., writes: I have a fine pure-bred Berkshire sow that I can not get to. breed. Is theer anything I can do to remedy this trouble? Is there any thing as good as nitrate ror cotton and corn as a top dressing? Nitrate has got so high that I want something cheaper if pos sible. many, one-third that of the entire em pire of Japan, and larger than England and Wales combined. From njrth to south its length exceeds 300 miles, while its greatest width from east to west is approximately 250 miles. The southern part of the state, known as the coastal plain and comprising an area six times as large as Massachusetts, is compara tively level with an average elevation of about 150 feet above sea level. North of the coastal low land is the Piedmont plateau, an elevated area varying from 300 to 1,500 feet, while still farther to the north is the Appalachian mountain region, where many ridges and peaks at tain an altitude of from 4,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level. All of the greater time divisions of geological history are represented in Georgia with only one two excep tions. To the south, embracing the en tire coastal plain, occur the Quarternary, the Tertiary and the Cretaceous forma tions with their extensive beds of lime stone, clays,* marls and sands. To the north, forming the Piedmont plateau region, are the crystalline rocks, includ ing the granites, gneisses and marbles of Archaean and pre-Cambrian age, while to the northwest, forming the Ap palachian mountain and valley regions, are the Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and carboniferous rocks. This great diversity of geological formations, to gether with the intense metamorphism to which the rocks have undergone in certain sections, accounts for the great variety of minerals found within the limits of the state. Some idea may be haa of this variety from the following bst of minerals now being produced in commercial quantities: Beauxite, cop- pci. gold, iron ore, manganese, granites, gneisses, marbles, limestones, slates, sandstones, serpentine, kaoline fire clays coal, cements, corundum, garnet, tripoli, pyrites, barytes, brown and red ochers, asbestos, fuller’s earth, talc and soapstone, graphite, marls and mica. Of the several minerals above enum erated I will here discuss in a very gen eral way only a few of the more impor tant, and to this discussion will add such remarks on the inventory of each individual mineral as* our present knowledge seems to warrant. The min erals to which I wish to call your spe cial attention are: Bauxite, iron ore, marble, granite, ocher, fuller's earth, as bestos and clay. BAUXITE.—The first discovery of bauxite in America was made near Rome, Ga., in 1887. Eleven years later the first bauxite was mined at this point and the following year the first ship ment of ore was made to the ^e nns yl* vania Salt company, Natrona, Pa. This lot of ore, consisting of 728 tons, was said to have been used in the manufacture of alum and the metal aluminum, an4 constituted the entire production of bauxite in the United States in 1889. Subsequent to the last named date, othei deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Rome and Cav Spring, and in a short time mining became quite active at a number of localities. At first the mining of bauxite was confined to Floyd and Polk counties, but later deposits were discovered in Bartow, Gordon, Walker and Chattooga counties. These deposits are all confined to the paleozoic area of the state, and are always inti mately associated with the Knox Dolo mite series of rocks of Cambrian age. In 1907 a member of the state geologi cal survey, Otto Veatch, discovered bauxite associated with cretaceous rocks about thirty miles east of Macon in Wilkinson county, and only two years ago what appears to be valuable deposits of bauxite were found in Sum ter county, near Americus, associated with tertiary, clays. In the paleozoic area the bauxite is usually found in more or less irregular pockets somewhat similar t. the occur rence of brown iron ore, whereas, in the tertiary and cretaceous ores in Wil kinson county it appers to occur in well defined beds of greater or less extent. Since the first shipments of bauxite from Georgia, the annual output has varied from 2,000 to 26,000 tons. For a num ber of years Georgia led in the pro duction of bauxite, but at present it occupies second place, its output being exceeded by that of Arkansas. It is an exceedingly difficult matter to give even an approximate idea of the tonnage of bauxite yet to be mined in Georgia. This difficulty arises from two different causes, namely: In the paleo zoic area of northwest Georgia the ore occurs chiefly in irregular pockets or deposits, whose ore content in many cases can only be determined by actual mining, and in the cretaceous and ter tiary ores of south Georgia the deposits have not yet been sufficiently pros pected to determine definitely either the thickness or the latteral extention of the different beds. In view of the facts here state, it would seem to be a hazardous undertaking to give even a rough guess as to the probable tonnage of bauxite still to be mined. Neverthe less, I am fully persuaded that, taking into consideration the deposits recently discovered and those which are almost certainly to be discovered in the future, Georgia has ample bauxite to keep up its present annual production for fully a quarter of a century. To state it dif- ferenty, Georgia has more bauxite ore now in sight than at any time since the discovery of bauxite twenty-five years ago. Iron Ores.—Georgia at present stands fourth in the production of iron ores of the southern states, being exceeded only by Alabama, Virginia and Tennes see. These iron ores are confined chiefly to the Paleozoic rocks in north west part of the state, where they have been worked almost continuously for more than three-fourths of a century. In the last 25 years the total annual output of ore from these various mines has varied from 150,000 to 540,000 tons. county, near Cartersville, and in Polk county, in the vicinity of Cedartown. A large amount of ore has also been mined in Floyd county, in the Hermi tage district, and in the Etna district near the Georgia-Alabama state line. The fossil or hematite ores, which are found mainly in Dade, Walker and Chattooga counties, belong to the same series of fossil ores as those now be ing so extensively worked in the Bir mingham district. These ores have been largely worked along the Alabama Great Southern railroad in Lookout valley, Dade county, and along the Ten nessee, Alabama and Georgia railroad east of Lookout and Pigeon mountains in W T alker and Chattooga counties. More or less extensive mining has also been carried on near the Central of Georgia railroad along Taylor’s ridge and Dirtseller mountain. The aggre gate length of outcroppings of the fos sil iron ores of Georgia is estimated at 175 miles. Assuming that these ore- bearing beds will average thirty inches in thickness and they can be worked 1,000 feet back from their outcropping, Edwin C. Eckel, formerly of the United States geological survey, estimates that Georgia still has in reserve more than 200,000,000 tons of fossil iron ore. To this should be added the reserve brown iron ore which has been esti mated at approximately 100,000,000 tons, giving a grand total reserve of 300,000,000 tons. The significance of this enormous tonnage of iron ore can be better understood when it is stated that at the present rate of mining Georgia has today sufficient iron ore in store to last for more than 1,000 years. I would here add that I do not wish to convey the idea by this state ment that under the present economic condition that the estimated amount of iron ores here given is now available, but in the near future, however, when less wasteful methods of mining are resorted to and the higher grade of ores is exhausted all or a great part of these ores will become available. MARBLE—The value of Georgia mar ble fort he past several years has exceeded that of any state in the union with the exception of Vermont. The seat of this great industry is located on the Louis ville and Nashville railroad in the vicin ity of Tate, Pickens county, sixty-one miles north of Atlanta. Marble has been quarried in this district since 1840, but it was not until 1884, which marks the date of the organization of the Geor gia Marble company, that the quarries began to produce marble on an exten sive scale. The value of the output of stone from these quarries last year pass ed beyond the million dollar mark, an amount exceeding that of any previous year in the history of the marble quar rying industry. There are three large companies now operating in the district, namely: The Georgia Marble company, the Southern Mable company and the Amicalola Marble company. All of these companies are at present working a full force of hands and are at the same time increasing their capacity by enlarging their plants and extending or opening up new quarries. I question if there is any restricted area in the south which will compare with this small dis trict in the point of the quarrying in dustry. Longswamp creek valley is scarcely four miles long, yet.within its limits are to be found some of the largest marble mills and quarries in this country. From a financial standpoint these quarries and mills tell only a part of the importance of the marble industry to the state. Another feature of the industry, and one which largely augments its commercial importance is the marble finishing plants which give employment to several hundred hands. The largest and most important of these finishing plants are located at Tate, Ball Ground, Nelson, Canton and Marietta. At these plants the rough stone as it comes from the quarries is carved and fashioned by skilled workinen into all classes of structural and monumental designs. The Georgia marble is pre eminently a building stone, having but few equals if any superiors in this coun- The failure of your sow to breed may be due to one of several reasons. First of all, she may be too fat. Then there may be some defect, for instance, as a watered secretion of the mucous mem branes. It is, of course, possible that there may be something wrong with the male. Both animals should be care fully examined, and if no defect can be found and a course of tonic treatment does not prove effective, it is best then to fatten and dispose of your sow. Ex amples of the character referred to in your letter are not infrequently met with, and the trouble is very often of an individual character and medicinal treatment ineffective in producing the desired results. Nitrate of soda is an excellent top dressing t.o use on cotton, corn and other crops. Its advantages lie« in the fact that it is so quickly available. It is true that it is expensive to purchase, but there is nothing which just exactly takes its place. On soils where lime is found in abundance or where it has been applied artificially, sulphate of am monia may be used to advantage. Blood will also answer fairly well, though the last two carriers mentioned furnish ni trogen in a slower available form than nitrate of soda. BIG MINE WILL FAY BIG PROFITS Money deposited in your bank to your credit that you will receive profits of not less than 16 Per Cent IS Per Cent Firit Year Second Year With every proof of rapidly increas ing dividends for years to come. It is a developed mine, with proven ore declared sufficient to run the mill for yeais and years, and worth $10,000,- 000 to $20,000,000. The section has produced some $300.- 000,000 of GOLD, and this is declared the RICHEST MINE in it. Write at once for particulars, as I have only a few thousand shares to sell. Easy terms granted. Highest endorse: men's given. E. L. MARTIN, Box 124, care Jour* ■ nal, Atlanta, Ga. ■ try for this class of work. Its purity and great strength, together with its ex tremely low absorption properties, fits it for all classes of exterior work and at the same time, even in the most rigid climate, gives it a lasting quality rare ly excelled. The dark and flesh-color of the stone, which is due mainly to the presence of graphite and iron oxide, are but little affected by atmospheric agen cies and as a consequence the colors are permanent and as durable as the stone itself. In addition to the use of the Georgia marble for building purposes it also has an extensive use in monu mental work and in interior finishing. Some of the most costly buildings erect ed in this country in the last few years have been constructed of Georgia mar ble. These buildings include such struc tures as the Corcoran Art gallery, Wash ington, D. C.; City Stock exchange, New York City; Rhode Island sta£e capltol; Minnesota state capitol, and the Field museum, at Chicago. There is probably no building stone in this country which has in recent years gained such a wide spread use and given such universal sat isfaction as the Georgia marble. The amount of Georgia marble still in store for future generations might for all practical purposes be referred to as limitless. The deepest quarries have, so far, attained a depth 6f only about 200 feet and the stratum has not yet been penetrated. Taking into consideration the great thickness of the marble, together with the length of out croppings, which are several times in extent, it will at once be seen why the supply is referred to as limitless. GRANITE.—Georgia produces more ganite at present than any other south ern state. The granites are widely dis tributed throughout the Piedmont plateau where they occur, for the most part in large, flat, horizontal masses and in the form of huge dome-shaped areas. Stone Mountain, in DeKalb coun ty, seventeen miles east of Atlanta, which rises to an elevation of 686 feet above the surrounding country, and which has a basal circumference of ap proximately seven miles, is one of the most conspicuous of these dome-shaped masses. Other granite masses of much larger basal area, but of less altitude and, therefore, less conspicuous, are to be found in a number of localities. The first granite quarries of the state were opened at Stone Mountain about 1850. The stone from these quarries, a light colored muscovite granite, has an extensive use as a building material and is also largely employed in street improvement. Other extensive quarries are located at Lithonia, Oglesby and elsewhere. The stone from the Oglesby quarries is used entirely for monu mental work, for which purpose it is said to equal in weathering and finish ing properties the famous Barre granite of Vermont. In the case of granites, as that of marbles above referred to, the supply is practically inexhaustible. Stone Mountain alone has ample granite to supply the entire United States for a long period of years. Ocher.—Georgia has produced ocher on a more or less extensive scale since 1877. The output of Georgia ocher mines today exceed that of the combined output of all of the states in the un ion. This industry is located in Bartow county in the vicinity of Cartersville, where the ocher occurs associated with the Weisner quartzite. The Georgia ochers are largely used in paints and in the manufacture of linoleums. The greater part of the output of these mines is exported at present to England, Scotland and other European countries. The occurence of the Georgia ochers is always in pockets or irregular depos its and the available tonnage is there fore difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, there is not at present any sign, what ever, of immediate exhaustion, although the mines have been continuously oper ated for more than a quarter of a cen tury. Fuller’s Earth.—With the exception of Florida, Georgia leads in the production of fuller's earth. These earths occur in the tertiary deposits in Twiggs coun ty. near Macon, and in Decatur county, near. Attapulgus. At the former local ity the earth attains a thickness of twenty feet and it is quite free from impurities. It is claimed by the Gen eral Reduction company, now the only producers in that district, .that their earth has no superior in clarifying or bleaching cotton seed oil, a use for which it is now solely employed. Taking into consideration the wide area over which these earths extend, together with \the unusual thickness of the beds, it would seem that they are in sufficient abundance to supply any reasonable demand for an indefinite period. Asbestos.—The chief supply of do mestic asbestos in this country for the last several years has been obtained COTTON FUTURES TUX FACES UNCERTAIN FATE Chaotic Condition and Demo cratic Caucus Make Im possible Sure Outlook BY RALPH SMITHS * WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—The changes in the tariff bill are so closely allied to the cotton futures tax matter and the conflict of opinion divergent among Democrats as regards all the questions, that it is absolutely impossible today to predict with any degree of certainty what will be the fate of the cotton fu tures tax matter. The whole situation this morning was more or less chaotic. Democratic sena tors were visibly alarmed over the out look. It is their hope that the caucus this afternoon will find a way out of the difficulty arising from dissatisfaction and threatened disaffection on the part of senators whose pet amendments were thrown into the discard by the confer ence committee. FARMERS’ WAREHOUSE BURNS AT CONYERS CONYERS, Ga., Oct. 2.—The Farmers’ Union Warehouse was completely de stroyed by fire here Monday night about 10 o’clock. The damages are estimated at $40,000. Over 400 bales of cotton were burned. The Georgia railroad lost three cars, two being loaded with cot ton. Most of the cotton, except that stored by the farmers, was protected with insurance. It is not known how the fire was started. Apparently it had been burning about an hour when dis covered. has been the opinion of the company operating this mine for some time that their supply of asbestos was well nigh exhausted, but development work in the last few months has brought to light what appears to be a larger amount of the material and of a higher grade than has heretofore been in sight. In addition to this local! ly, undeveloped prospects of asbestos, which appear to be of fair grade, are widely distribut ed throughout the Piedmont plateau, in dicating that the reserve of this ma terial is not only large, but that it will long continue a source of revenue. Clay.—The value of clay mined and sold in Georgia exceeds that of any states with the exception of New Jer sey, Pennsylvania, Missouri. There are a number of varieties of Georgia clays put on the market, but the main out put is high-grade kaolin used chiefly in the paper trade. Nearly 50 per cent of the paper clays used in 'this country are obtained from the Georgia mines. In addition to supplying the paper trade, there is also a limited amount of these high-grade clays used in the manufac ture of fire brick and china ware, etc. These kaolins, which are of sedimen tary origin, are found in the cretaceous formation near the northern boundary of the Coastal Plain, where they occur in great purity, forming beds often twenty feet thick. So pure are some of these clays that they are put directly on the market without washing or other prep aration. The extent of these clays is so great that the supply will probably last for generations to come. They are found also along almost unbroken line of out croppings from near Butler, in Taylor county, to Augusta, a distance of more than 150 miles. There is probably no place in this country where high-grade sedimentary kaolin occurs in such a great abundance as in the locality here referred to. In summing up the above' statements, Vhich are intended only as a partial re view of the mineral resources of Geor gia, the fact seems to be established without question that the Empire State of the South has not only a great va riety of mineral wealth, but that the mineral wealth is so abundant that it will amply supply all demands for years to come. But I would here add in core clusion in the name of conservation that, although Georgia’s mineral resources in many respect appear to be well nigh inexhaustible, nevertheless, this fact, even though it be literally true, should not by any means license the useless and prodigal waste of these resources. FERTILIZER FACTS NO. 6 A CLARION CALL FOR OATS Can you afford to use your farm half the time? A combination oats and peas makes possible a double-cropping and a double-profit system LOOK AT THE LEDGER of Oats Followed by Peas Cotton Dr. Cr. Dr. | Cr. Cost of producing an acre of oats $10.00 Cost of producing an acre of peas and sorghum... 10.00 NET PROFIT... 40.00 50 bushels oats at 60 cents $30.00 1 1-2 tons of hay 30.00 • Cost of producing an acre of cot ton $35.00 NET PROFIT... 25.00 1 bale of cotton..$60.00 $60.00 ALSO SOIL IMPROVED $60.00 $60.00 $60.00 PROTECT THE LAND IN WINTER WITH COVER CPOP More plant food is lost'by leaching and erosion during the winter than Is removed by a maxi mum crop In the growing season. Oats bind together and protect the land against winter rainB. Cowpeas improve the physical condition of the soil and add nitrogen during the summer. OATS SHOULD FOLLOW CORN AND COTTON After the crops are laid by, profitable employment of farm work stock can be had by pre paring for fall seeding. Three rows of oats should be planted between tfie cotton rows Immedi ately after the first general picking (October 1st to 15th). The corn should be cut and shocked In order to get the greatest possible feeding value from the crop. Go over this land twice with a heavy cut-away harrow, and the land is in ideal condition for seeding the oats. SEED. Two bushels per acre of any good variety of reclaimed, rust-proof oats should be planted. To prevent smut, the seed should be treated with formaldehyde or bluestone solution before plant ing. FERTILIZER Under average conditions, 400 to 500 pounds of about a 9-2-3 fertilizer should be used. If the oats do not grow off well in the spring of the year, apply 100 pounds of nitrate of soda in two applications. The South is an ideal oat section, but we are annually purchasing many million dollars’ worth of western-grown oats for feed. YOU should stop your part of this expense by planting oats abundantly this fall. SOIL IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE Southern Fertilizer Association ATLANTA, GA. A new Bulletin, containing extracts from Experiment Station tests of fertilized and unfes Uzed fields of corn, cotton, grains, fruits, etc., ready for distribution De cember 1st. Write for one. Sent free on request.