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6 THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA.. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1913. AGRICULTORAL £?.-■ Education Successful Farmingt '^Andrewj\ Soule This department icilt cheerfully endeavor to furnish any information. Letters should he addressed to Dr. Andrew M. Soule, president State Agricultural College, Athens, Oa. PROGRESSIVE COMMUNITY BEGIN NOW TO DESTROY DISEASES IN YOUR NEXT YEAR’S POTATO CROP I T was the writer’^ privilege to visit Baxley in Appling county for the .purpose of attending the school fair held there on October 17 and IS. The results of the work being accom plished in that county were so impres sive and the spirit of progress observed so inspiring that some reference to what has been done and what it is hoped to accomplish in the near future may not come amiss at this time. Appling county lies in southeast Georgia and the land in the vicinity of Baxley is, relatively speaking, low, so that at certain seasons of the year it is difficult to dispose of the surplus water satisfactorily. Naturally, this makes it difficult to carry on agriculture to the best advantage. But instead of being discouraged by these conditions joined together with the federal gov ernment in a co-operative plan to drain between fifty and sixty thousand acres of land iii the vicinity of Baxley. When this is done a substantial and perma nent developement will have been made which will add to the general wealth, not only of the town, but of the sur rounding country as well. The soils in so far as the writer could observe are mostly of the Norfolk and Ports mouth type, and therefore, well adapt ed for the production of truck and long staple cotton. Most of these soils are underlaid by land of a more or less clayey character, and thus they can be made through systematic rotations re tentive of plant food and well adapted , for mixed farming. The fact that they contain such a large percentage of sand, especially on top, makes them early, STOMACH FEELS FINE “Pape’s Diapepsin” fixes sour, gassy, upset stomachs in five minutes Sour, gussy, upset stomach, indiges tion, heartburn, dyspepsia; when the food you eat ferments into gases and stubborn lumps; your head aches and you feel sick and miserable, that’s when you realize the magic in Pape’s Diapepsin. It makes all stomach mis ery vanish in five minutes. If your stomach is in a continuous revolt—if you can’t get it regulated, please, for your sake, try Pape’s Dia pepsin. It’s so needless to have a bad stomach—-make your next meal a favor ite food meal, then take a little Dia pepsin. There will not be any distress -*-=-eat without fear. It’s because Pape’s Diapepsin “really does” regulate weak, out-of-order stomachs that gives it its millions of sales annually. Get a large fifty-cent case of Pape’s Diapepsin from any drug store. It is the quickest, surest stomach relief and cure known. It acts almost like magjjc —it is a scientific, harmless and pleas ant stomach preparation which truly belongs to every home.—(Advt.) HASTING’S 100 Bushel Oats Absolutely Pure,Clean,Sound And as fine as can be grown, free from all noxious grass or weed seeds and the most prolific oats known. $1.00 bushel, 10-bushel lots 90 cents bushel. Special price larger lots. Extra fancy Berkshires, out of fine bred sows and sired by two of the best boars in the state, bred and open gilts boars ready for serviee, and young pigs all ages. Prices right; quality the best. FAIR VIEW FARM PALME TO, GA. 11 I You men and __ J boys who add to your pock- \_ J et money by trapping* and selling^ l furs—Listen! Our big new Book on 9 Trapping* to just off the press. We . , have a copy free for every man or boy * who intends to trap. The most complete , „ trapping book yet published. Tells how and * . when to trap—baits to use, contains frame laws , and a catalog* of trapper’s supplies. It’s free if 4 you write today. FURS of all kinds are in great demand < this season. Over ten million dol lars will be paid to trappers this winter. Sena us every fur you can f trap or buy and getyour share of this big money. Write today B- for free book on trapping, price Sv* lists, shipping tags, etc., F. C. Taylor & Co. AMERICA'S GREATEST * FUR HOUSE. _82F Fu» Exchange Bldg. “ St. Louis, Mo. Write today for our free Trap- per s’ Book—tells you all about how to increase your catch, and inside facts about how to get the most money out of furs. Best book for trappers ever published. No up- to-date trappers cun afford to be without it. w Our confidential information is very valu able and will be sent to you monthly during the season—it means big money to trappers. All of the above free for the asking. Address 8. ABRAHAM 7 213 N. Main St, Dept. 195 St. Louis, Mo. TRAPPERS! Get More Money FerYour Furs Don’t ship anyone furs till you Our Free Bulletin quoting ca3h prices Wft actually pay for Coon, Mink, Skunk, Oppossum and other furs. We charge ■' « no commissions. Write today for Free Bulletin, it will pay you big. NATIONAL FUR AND WOOL CO., Dept. 137 St. Iiouis, Mo. * and this will be an advantage provided it becomes necessary to grow short sta ple cotton in this area, or to hasten the maturity of such strains of cotton of the long staple type as it may seem desirable to grow there. The drainage of these soils means that they will become more productive than ever before and that the maturity of the crops on them may be hastened without impairment of the yield. It seems unnecessary to emphasize the fine spirit of progress which has been shown with regard to this matter, for Baxley ife a small town and it was a tax on the patriotism of its citizens to raise the funds necessary to have the preliminary surveys made relative to the establishment of drainage ditches for as large an area as sixty thousand acres. There are many other localities in different parts of the state where drain age problems are holding back the ag- I ricultural development. Surely ’'the ex ample of this enterprising city and county can be followed elsewhere to good advantage. One of the evidences of progress seen in this county is the splendid school building presided over by Prof. Moon, one of the members of the state board of education. The heart and soul of any successful town must be grouped around its educational facilities and in building a splendid structure for the training of the boys and girls the com munity has erected a monument of which it may well feel proud. That the future of this community has been carefully considered by the adult population is best illustrated by the interest taken in the school fair, There were displayed something over 100 samples -of corn grown by members of the Appling County Boy’s Corn club. This is a comparatively new organiza tion in the county and is promoted co-operatively by the State College of Agriculture, the bureau of plant indus try of the United States department of agriculture, the board of trade and the board of education, and the leading citi zens of the county. Each one of these exhibits of corn contained ten ears. For the most part prolific strains are grown, it being generally held that they gave the best results on the soils prevailing in that section of the state. The best yield was something like ninety-six bushels per acre, which is certainly a creditable record when one considers the newness of the work and the many who doubt the possibilities of growing over twenty-five to forty bush els of corn per acre. The average yield of corn in Georgia, as all know, is between twelve and fourteen bushels. Possibly the yield this year may be a little above these figures. Statistics are not yet at hand to determine just what the average yield will be for 1913, but in any event the young man in ques tion produced about seven times the average yield of the state. In other words, by following the instructions furnished him through the agencies co operating, he secured from one acre seven times as much corn as has ordi narily been grown, and moreover, dem onstrated that in the neighborhood of 100 bushels per acre can be grown on the soils of southeast Georgia. Another interesting feature of this exhibit was the large number of boys who secured yields of between fifty and sixty bushels per acre, or from three to four times the average yield of the state. ' Best of all was the enthusiasm dis played by the parents, the fathers and mothers being present in large num bers to see what the boys had done and to learn how these results had been accomplished. * The success of the Corn club move ment is due in considerable measure to the splendid backing it has received from the Baxley News-Leader, and its enterprising editors and owners. These men stand for progress and the spirit which they have engendered into the community was reflected in the corn and canning club exhibits. The personal friend and adviser of the boys must not be overlooked, for Mr. Roy Rogers, the demonstration agent of this county, has certainly been faithful and zealous in his work and he has ac complished results of which he may well feel proud. The canning club was only started in the county the past year, yet. there were some very creditable exhib its indeed, and it is safe to say that next year the girls will have an exhibit equally as impressive as that displayed by the boys. In this connection it is proper to re member that work for adult farmers is also being carried on. A good many demonstrators are following the advice and directions given them by Mr. Rog ers and the level of production is being steadily raised. No wonder the wont has succeeded so well for practically every person in town was wearing a large tag setting forth the advantages and virtues of the boys’ corn clubs, the Tirls’ canfting clubs and the demonstra tion work in general and urging every one in the community to contribute a dollar to the. work. What is a dollai after all? A very' small sum indeed. Yet the contribution of these individual dollars has been largely responsible for the maintenance and extension of the different lines of work indicated in this article and that, the results will con tinue to be beneficial to the county needs no special emphasis. i wa:i the writer’s privilege to speak I to t he people of the county at thq, court j house. The large and spacious court ! room was filled to its utmost capacity. • The fathers and mothers of the boys and j girls were there in full force, not only i to enjoy the honors won by their chil- i dren but to profit by what might ne said on such an occasion. The attention und interest displayed showed that in this community education along agricul tural lines is highly prized and that the principles enunciated will be used for the further uplift and advance of the c ounty’s primary industry. The people in this section of Georgia have learned one of the great and most important of economic principles, namely, that a lo cality is blessed in proportion as it shows enterprise and is willing to bear the cost of introducing new principles of practice xor the inspiration, guidance and permanent development of a strong agricultural community. BY RALPH SMITH. WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 25.—The department of agriculture desires to call the attention of all sweet potato grow ers to the fact that now, while the har vesting of sweet potatoes is in, progress, is the time to select disease-free seed for next year’s crop, in order to pre vent losses due to diseases. The plant pathologists of this depart ment estimate that the yield of sweet potatoes is reduced approximately $10,- 000,000 annually by the ravages of sev eral diseases, notably the black-rot, stem-rot and foot-rot, all of which may be prevented by the use of proper pre cautionary measures. In spite of this large loss of money, the crop of 1913 will probably amount to nearly 65,000,- 000 bushels with a value of $40,000,000. Two of these diseases, the black-rot and stem-rot, are well known to most far mers who grow sweet potatoes. Black-rot is nearly as widely distrib uted as the crop itself. It affects the plant from a little above the soil line down into .the ground, causing a black, rotted appearance of the affected part of the stem. In the winter it is com mon in many storage houses and is readily recognized by the black, circul- lar, somewhat sunken spots, which ren der the potatoes unsalable. Stem-rot, although not quite so wide ly distributed, is equally as destruc tive. It is caused by an organism which enters the vines, stems and roots of the plant and fills the water-carrying ves sels. It enters the potato at the stem end, where it appears as a blackened ring just beneath the skin. In fields where this disease occurs, plants can be seen throughout the summer wilting, turning yellow, and gradually dying. Foot-rot, another disease, less widely distributed but bad in the localities where found, kills many plants in the fields by destroying the bark on the stem a few inches above the hill. These diseases are found both in the hotbed and in the field and may be car ried through the winter on the seed potatoes and in the soil. Infection may therefore result from the use of diseased potatoes for seed or from the use of infected soil in the hotbed or field where the slips are grown and transplanted. With these facts in mind it is clear that a clean crop could be grown if disease-free seed is used and bedded in disease-free soil and the slips coming therefrom planted on ground where the disease is not present. These three re quirements can be fulfilled by selection of seed, by disinfection of soil in the hotbed, and by crop rotation. Seed potatoes for the new crop should be selected preferably in the fall at dig ging time and carefully examined again in the spring when starting the hotbed and all discarded that show any symp toms of disease. Before any seed pota toes are selected from a hill, the stem just above the potatoes should be split open to see that it is not blackened in side. No potato should be taken for seed from a hill which has the stem blackened inside. The seed potatoes should be stored in crates or baskets and kept separate from the general stock. Seed potatoes should be disin fected with a corrosive sublimate solu tion, 1 part of corrosive sublimate to 1,000 parts of water, for about 5 to 20 minutes. They should then be rinsed in water and thoroughly dried. It is preferable to disinfect in the fall on a warm, clear day. With clean seed potatoes it is essen tial that the hotbed be free from para sitic organisms. Great care should therefore be exercised in its preparation. Before the soil is put into the bed, the cement, boards, or whatever is used in the construction, should be thoroughly sprayed with a solution of 5 pounds of copper sulphate to 50 gallons of water and then with Bordeaux mixture or whitewash. In some localities where these diseases are very prevalent it is almost impossible to find soil that is not infected. Fields which had not been grown to sweet potatoes for nearly 40 years have given an infected crop when clean slips were used. Where such a general infection has occurred, the soil is light annd it is probable that the organisms were disturbed by the wind. In view of these facts it is advisable to disinfect all hotbed soil. This can be done by treating it with a solution of formaldehyde, i pint of for maldehyde (40 per cent) to 24 gallons of water. This chemical is cheap and can be purchased at almost any drug store. When the soil is to be thus treated it should be placed in a tight box or other receptacle and enough of the solution added to soak it thorough ly. The application should be made at least two weeks before the soil is to be used, in order to allow the formalde hyde to evaporate. An occasional stir ring of the soil will assist in the escape of the gas. Disinfected soil should be carefully protected to prevent infection before it is used. All instruments used in handling sterilized soil, such as the wagon box, shovel, etc., should be dis infected. It is believed by some farmers that better and stronger plants can be se cured by using manure as a source of heat in the hotbed. Others insist that equally good, if not better, plants can be grown in a fire bed. From the stand point of disease there is far greater danger in the use of manure, especially if it is produced on farms where sweet potatoes are grown. It frequently hap pens that farmers are careless about the disposition of decayed sweet pota toes and feed them to hogs or chickens or, more often, throw them on the manure pile. From there they are car ried to the hotbed and infection of the young plants becomes easy. It is urged that all refuse sweet potatoes be cooked or burned, and not thrown where they will be scattered in the manure and hauled on the farm or used in the hot bed. It is not known how long these dis eases will remain in the soil without the sweet potato as a host. It is ad visable, however, to follow a system of crop rotation that will not bring this crop on the same ground oftener than once in three or four years. It is cer tain that the crop will not be free from disease so long as the organisms are present in the fields. The only way to get them out of the field is to starve them out by planting crops on which they can not live. Experiments, how ever, have shown that the percentage of diseased plants is muen reduced by planting healthy slips, although the soil may be infected. This fact alone jus tifies all the precautions necessary to grow healthy slips, even though the soil on which they are planted is dis eased. world, provided the sample has been properly harvested, ginned and prepared for exhibition purposes. The rules and regulations governing this contest are quite simple, but space forbids their complete reproduction in these columns. All parties who are interested in this matter can secure full printed informa tion and instructions concerning this contest for the preparation and forward ing of all samples on application to Mr. J. S. Carroll, 1212 Empire building, At lanta, Ga. I hope that Georgia growers will be well represented in this contest and that the awards in question may fall to our producers of cotton of supe rior staple and quality. I believe the bringing of these trophies to Georgia would advertise the state advantageous- 4 Jy and certainly it would be of material interest to the winner. * * • Mr. W. E. V., Dunbar. Ga., writes: Which will pay me best, fertilize my grain with 8-2-4 guano before planting or broad cast over grain after Christmas, or use about 15 bushels of cotton seed before breaking the land? Would you give a dif ferent formula to the one mentioned above? APPLYING FERTILIZER TO GRAIN CROPS. We should be inclined to use an 8-2-4 formula in preference to the cotton seed on winter cereals and we would advise incorporating the fertilizer with the crop at the time of planting. We think this would give you better results than broadcasting the fertilizer after Christ- gen derived from organic matter, so that it will not become too quickly available. The formula we have sug gested has proven quite valuable on oats and other winter cereals in tests we have made here at the college. We would not use as much potash, however, unless your land is quite sandy. The winter grown cereals are not as ex haustive to the food supply of the soil as such crops as corn or cotton. We think the use of two to four hundred pounds per acre of the above formula should give you a profitable return on land which has been properly pre pared. • * * GRAIN RATIONS FOR GROWING PIGS. S. H., Moultrie, Ga., writes: I would like to know how much and what kind of grain to feed to growing plga and brood sows when pasturing on rape, oats, rye, crimson clover, etc. What about cotton seed meal and tankage for hogs? Do you think It would be advisable to feed dry pea nuts to hogs when on legume pasture? Would it be profitable to feed sweet pota toes to hogs when pasturing on rape or oats and vetch when the potatoes are worth from forty to fifty cents a bushel? r • Don t ship a single fur to anyone until you get our price list. It will prove that we pay highest prices for furs of - J any concern in Amer:ca. *» Ws Charge No Commission U. Send US a tnsl shipment. Our higher dB/W* , j* r, prices prove that it will pay you big jC >'_^A , 3 ^ fend ns all your furs. Send ' for FREE i >riceli8ttoday. HII^L BROS. FUR CO.W* ** 1311 N.Maia8t.8t.Lottia,MoAi ATTENTION GEORGIA FARMERS. Two silver trophies will be awarded by the Kalisyndikat G. m. b. H., Berlin. Germany, at the first international cot ton exposition to b e held in London, June 24-Julv 9, 1914. This contest is open to all cotton growers throughout the world. The editor of these columns would like very much to see one or both of these trophies brought to Georgia, be lieving that there is plenty of cotton produced in this which will tako pre cedence over that grown elsewhere in the According to our observation and ex perience, hogs pasturing on grazing crops will not^require more than one- third to one-half of the grain ration fed to animals confined in pens. Of course, the amount of grain necessary to feed will depend on the character of pasturage afforded. Where one has legumes or cereals containing a consid erable amount of grain, the hogs will need less supplemental concentrates than would otherwise bo the case. For instance,' if soy beans are in the dough stage and ripening fast, the hogs will need practically no grain, probably a pound or two of corn a day In the ear being all that is needed for young and growing hogs or for sows not suckling young. If the hogs are grazed during the winter, say on rye and other sim ilar crops, some grain will be essential. It has been shown by quite extensive and conclusive tests, for instance, that alfalfa, red clover, etc., will little more than maintain hogs. Such crops as pea nuts, cowpeas, soy beans, oats and other cereals during the ripening period will provide more than a maintenance ra tion. Rape has proven an excellent grazing crop. In a number of trials nearly equal results have been obtained from alfalfa. Cowpeas have given ex cellent results also. Where hogs were fed corn alone in a dry lot. for instance, it took 586 pounds to make a pound of gain. Where cowpea pasture and corn were used, only 307 pounds of grain to make a pound of gain. Soy beans have also given excellent results, even better than those obtained from feeding cow peas. Rape and red clover pasture have proven about equal. A variety of crops used in the south have given good re sults. In trials, for instance, at the Arkansas station, it was found that a group of hogs grazed on .25 acre each gain of 800 pounds per acre from these of clover and sorghum and .6 acre of peanuts, or 1.1 acres in all, made a crops. The hogs were fed corn and bran, chiefly the former, however. Where middlings and corn were fed in opposi tion to green alfalfa and corn meal, clover and corn meal and blue grass and corn meal, the results were practi cally the same as to the amount of grain per day. However, there was a less consumption of grain per hundred of gain where alfalfa and corn meal and clover and corn meal were used. We would expect about the same re sults from cowpeas and soy beans In our judgment as would be obtained from alfalfa as a graing crop for hogs. Only a very limited quantity of cotton seed meal can be fed with safety to hogs. It should then only be fed when they are on grazing crops for limited periods, say sixty or ninety days at a time. It may constitute as much as one- fifth of the ration of corn or corn and middlings, and should be fed after it is mixed with other grains, moistened with water and left to ferment for 24 to 72 hours, depending on the season of the year and the temperature. Digester tankage and blood meal have been used by* us with considerable success. Where corn alone is fed it is well to add five to seven pounds of blood meal or tank age to each 100 pounds of corn. Feed dry or if milk is available as a thin slop. If we were feeding fifty-pound pigs on grazing crops other than legumes, we would expect to feed them about two pounds of corn per head per day. For brood sows this should probably be in creased to four to eight pounds depend ing on the number of pigs they are suck ling and the character of crops they are feeding on. For brood sows we would prefer to grind the grain and feet it in a thin slop. Mix with skim milk when ever practicable; otherwise water must be made to do. The strain on the sow at this period is extremely great, and she must be nourished if the pigs are to grow rapidly and uniformly. There is no reason why dry peanuts should not be fed to hogs in moderate quantity, but we do not think It is nec essary to feed them when they are on legume pasture. In other words, we think corn or corn and shorts would be pref erable under such conditions. There is no reason why hogs pasturing on rape, AMERICAN ORIGINAL AND rPMfi GENUINE IXNLI SVIore Big Fence News! More Farm Profits! m American Steel Fence Posts Cheaper than Wood and More Durable. Get Catalog. Better and better! Best news If, heavier galvanizing. Positively does not chip nor crack. More years of fence life. No extra cost to you. More farm profits. More good news is, perfectly uniform fabric. Improved automatic machinery, the reason. No extra cost to you. Larger business enables us to keep down prices. Your choice of Bessemer or Open Hearth Steel. You get equally big value in either case. Get catalog. Dealers everywhere. See them. FRANK BAACKES, Vice-Pres. and Gen. Salet Agent American Steel & Wire Company* Chicago* New York, Cleveland, Pittsburgh. Denver. 0. 8. Steel Predueta Ce^ ha Francises 1 — Prize Winners G RAND old “Bull” Durham Tobacco has won world-wide favor among smokers of all nations, classes and occupa tions. It is smoked by more millions of men in pipe and cigarette, than all other high-grade tobaccos combined/ The familiar muslin sack and the famous “Bull” sign are the most widely known and recognized package and advertisement in the world. “Bull” Durham has always been a winning brand —it has increased its sales every year of the 53 years of its exist-\ ence! Last year alone over 352,000,000 muslin sacks were sold — nearly a million a day — and its sales are still growing I u GENUINE Bull Durham SMOKING TOBACCO (.Forty *'rollings’’ in each 5-cent muslin sack) “Bull” Durham has always won on its honest value. Its wonderful success proves that the majority of smokers vuant this pure, good, honest tobacco, with the natural rich tobacco fragrance—unspoiled by “processes” or doctoring of any kind. The stupendous “Bull” Durham success also proves that the majority of smokers don't want painted tins or “premiums”—don’t want to pay for any frills they cannot smoke. “Bull” Durham smokers are proud of that homely muslin sack because they know the quality is all in the tobacco—where it belongs/ More over, they know that “Bull” Durham Tobacco is a premium in itself. Get a 5-cent muslin sack at the nearest dealer’s today—roll a cigarette or try a pipeful—and enjoy the cheapest, yet the most satisfying, luxury in the world. No matter where you are, you can always get “Bull” Durham — and get it fresh. It is sold by more dealers throughout the world than any other single article of commerce! A book of “papers” free with each 5-cent muslin sack. || oats or vetch and fed a small amount of grain should not grow into hardy, vigorous breeding stock. We know this can be done from our own experience. Sweet potatoes are not very satisfac tory for hogs as they are too watery. In trials made they have not shown up par ticularly well. In other words, they seem to have a better value for sale than for use as a part of a ration for hogs. * * a INOCULATING CLOVERS IN GEOR GIA. v Mr. J. M. B., Columbus, Ga., writes: Please send me information about Burr clover and Crimson clover. Would the In oculating bacteria for Crimson xilover be suitable for burr clover? Or would the inoculating for alfalfa suit it? I am ex pecting to sow some vetch with oats and propose to put down three or four hundred pounds of commercial fertilizer with it. I am told the fertilizer will kill niy Inocula tion, is it tree? The bacteria from crimson clover will not inoculate burr clover as we under stand it. The bacteria from alfalfa, however, wil inoculate burr clover. If you have inoculating material for alfal fa at hand or can secure it you can effect the inoculation on burr clover satisfactorily. There is no reason why the fertilizer should kill the inoculat ing material unless you mix the seed and fertilizer material together. We have grown vetch, crimson clover and alfalfa and other legumes successfully on heavily fertilized land. Of course the drill was Bo constructed and ad justed, as to prevent the seed arid the fertilizer from coming into direct con tact with each other. It has been held by some that cotton seed meal com ing directly in contact with the seed will militate against their perfect ger mination. You may overcome this dif ficulty by the means we have suggested or you can put the fertilizer on in ad vance of planting the crop. • • • SUGGESTIONS ON SELECTING LIME. T. 0. M., Conyers, Ga., writes: I am sending yon a sampe of lime and would like. your advice as to the quality and about how much would be required per acre for wheat to be followed by cowpea*. The soil Is only slightly acid and is rather light and sandy. It is quoted to me at $8.99 per ton delivered in car lot*. The sample of limestone forwarded to us should be well adapted for ag ricultural purposes. We judge it to be made from marble, and therefore is high in calcium carbonate. This sample is probably grpund a little finer than is necessary for agricultural pur poses, and no doubt the fineness of the grinding runs the cost up a little more than in the case of some samples which are not quite so fine. Lime for agricultural purposes should be ground so that the greater part of it will pass through a sieve of 100 meshes to the inch, but there is no objection to the greater percentage of the particles be ing from the size of clover up to a wheat grain. We have no analysis of the sample sent us or of the one about which you make inquiry, but we think that the first sample will be satisfac tory for your purpose. Of course, you should secure the lowest possible price. We think you are asked a rather stiff figure for this lime. We would sug gest that you use one ton per acre. We are not certain that lime is going to show any particular benefit when applied to wheat or oats. As you know, our experiments with lime have only been In progress for a couple of years, and it will take a longer period in which to determine definitely its effect on cereals. We had good results-from the use of lime on corn and legrumes, and where one desires to follow wheat with cowpeas, we believe it is very good practice to put the lime on in the fall. The land should be prepared first for the wheat and then the lime used as a top dressing and harowed into the soil. Do not mix the fertilizer with the lime, and the lime should be allow ed to remain on the land a week or ten days before the seed is sown. We think the use of one ton of the pul verized lime per acre would be about right. This quality of lime, as you understand, only exerts about one-half of the sweetening power of the caustic lime. and its action in the soil is necessarily somewhat slower, but it is not so destructive of vegetable matter, and theref<ire we are Inclined to ad vise its use on all soils where any ef fort has been made to improve their mechanical condition through the rota tion of crops and the use of legumes. • • o ESTABLISHING ALFALFA. M. L. M., McRae, Ga., writes: I hare about two acres that I am anxious to put in alfalfa this fall, but do not know a thing about preparing the land, fertiliza tion, Inoculation, etc., and would appreciate all the information you can give me on the subject. Relatively early seeding of alfalfa is desirable. We think October 16 about the latest date on which it should be sown, as it will hardly have time to make sufficient top to go through the winter satisfactorily if planted much later than this date. Of course, in an exceptionally mild, open fall a little later planting may be followed with success, especially in the southern part of the state where the climate is milder than in north Georgia. If you contem plate seeding alfalfa this fall, we would advise you to break the land immediate ly to a fair depth, then roll and har row so as to secure a fine tilth. A fairly firm seed bed is desirable for this crop. We would advise you to apply at least one ton of pulverized rock per acre, put ting it on as soon as the land can be broken. Then you should secure a good grade of* American-grown seed and se cure inoculating material for the same from the bureau of plant industry, United States department of agricul ture, Washington, D. C. Sow the seed at^the rate of twenty pounds per aert, cross-seeding it. Any seeder which will scatter the seed uniformly may be used. Cover with a brush harrow. Two or three days before planting this crop it is. desirable that you top dress the soil with well-rotted yard manure at the rate of five tons and upwards per acre. We would harrow the manure into the soil. Apply at the same time a for mula containing 200 to 300 pounds of cotton seed meal or some other form of organic nitrogen, such as tankage, blood, fish scrap, 300 to 400 pounds of 16 per cent acid phosphate, and 200 to 300 pounds of kalnit or 100 pounds of muriate of potash. The fertilizer should be well mixed with the soil before the seed is planted. Do not mix the fertilizer and lime together and allow at least ten days to elapse between the applica tion of the lime and 'the fertilizer. If you feel that you cannot get the land in ideal shape for planting at an early date, we would Advise that yov put it In some winter cover crop and get ready to seed next fall. It Is Impor tant that land intended for alfalfa be run in a fallow or in smother crops so as to destroy weeds. You will find crab grass quite an enemy to alfalfa. Some prefer to sow alfalfa in drills. There is no objection to this method, of course. The land can then be cultivated from time to time and the alfalfa kept freer of weeds than where it is broadcasted. • * • SOWING VETCH AND WINTER OATS. R. L. O., Monticello, Ga., writes: I would like some Information in regard to sowing vetch with fall oats; bow much per acre, when to sow, and probablo re sults as a feed and benefit to tbe land. We would suggest that you use the hairy vetch In your sectRji of the state and we advise planting aa soon as prac ticable. Vetch and one of the rust proof varieties of oats may be sown to excellent advantage, and we think it well to sow four to five pecks of oats with twenty to thirty pounds of vetch seed. Our practice has been to mix these and seed together and we have se cured excellent results. We have, of course, planted the crop with a grain drill, and in some instances have fol lowed the open furrow method. On soils that are in bad physical condition and limited in their supply of vegetable matter. We advise planting in open fur rows, especially on heavy clay land where the damage from freezing and the constant heaving is likely to be greater than on sandy soils or In the southern part of the state. In rich and well prepared soils where there to a fairly firm seed bed we think the seed ing may be donb with an ordinary grain drill to good advantage. We have gath ered from two to four tons of vetch and oat hay from an acre of land. The vetch is a legume and very rich in protein, and the combination of oats and vetch if cut at the right time makes a most excellent hay for all classes of live stock. It may be fed to advantage to horses and mules where it has been properly cured and is free from dust. 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