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/ 1 *■ ... 'I'HK ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, AYliANTA, GA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 26, iaD» HENS HAVE BECUN TO LAY. IE OF EGGS TUMBLES PROTECTION OF FRUIT TREES FROM RODENTS / Brief Description of Tree Protectors and Remarks Which Will Readily Enable the Fruit-Grower to Decide Which Form of Protection Will Best Suit His Conditions Government Report Blames Weather Conditions, Not Boycott, for Shortage (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—Weather conditions during the spring and sum mer were primarily responsible for the recent shortage in eggs, and the recent lowering of the price of eggs has been due to natural causes and not to the boycott against eggs, according to the federal department of agriculture. The pullets on the government farm, near Washington, and, in fact, through out the country, have at last begun to lay, and already a 50 per cent egg pro duction has been reported. The fact that these eggs are now beginning to reach the market has necessarily re acted on the prices at which storage eggs have been held. Here is the explanation of the de partment of agriculture concerning the causes for the rise in thep rice of eggs: “Investigation of weather conditions shows that the spring was unusually wet and cold, which set back the laying development of the pullets; and the un usual drouth in July further postponed the laying period, because both of these weather conditions affect the food hup- ply of thep ullets. As a result, the pullets that normally begin to lay in the fall have not commenced their laying until about a month later than the usual fall laying season. "Unless unusually cold weather inter venes, this pullet egg supply should now continue. The increased cold weather will naturally affect the laying of pul lets allowed to run on the farm without proper shelter. The effect of cold weath er on laying pullets can be greatly less ened. however, if the chicken owners provide suitable shelters from the cold. NATURAL CAUSES RESPONSIBLE. "The usual advance in the price of eggs during the fall of the year-, partic ularly of fresh eggs, is largely due to natural causes. There is a time each year during the hen's life known as the mouUing period, when the hens shed their old feathers and' grow new ones. This process begins at any time from July l to September 1, and occupies about ninety days, the age of the hens having considerable influence on the time thoy start to moult. "Two and three-year-old hens do not begin to moult as early as yearlings. Hens do not start to lay until a week or two after the new feathers are ful ly grown and the bodies of the hens are well protected from cold weather During the moulting period, few, if any, eggs are laid because all the feed the hen consumes Is needed to keep up her health and vitality and produce the new coat of feathers. "It follows that practically the only source of fresh eggs at this time is the pullets hatched during: the preced ing: spring:. Pullets seldom lay until fully matured or grown, therefore, if the majority of pullpts in a community are hatched late or for any reason have not been grown and matured properly, a scarcity of fresh eggs is bound to result. When climatic or other conditions exercise a widespread influence to retard the development of pullets over a considerable area, this shortage of eggs will be noticed over a wide extent of territory. A REMEDY OUTLINED. "The only hope of Increasing- the fresh egg supply in the fall lies in the proper handling- of pullets, as hens can not be expected to lay at this season. To secure pullets that will lay in the fall, the American breeds should > be hatched about March, and the Leghorn and other Mediterranean breeds some what later, in April or May. The Leg horn pullets begin to lay sooner after hatching than the American breeds. The question of feeding then comes in. Prop er feeding will cause the pullets to lay during the fall and winter, but too heavy feeding or improper feeding will force the growth of the pullets to such an extent that they will begin laying in August and September, then pass through the moulting period in the fall the same as hens, and cease’lay ing until warm weather. This is a dif ficulty that the skillful poultryman must avoid. "If proper methods in the growing of pullets were employed. much larger quantities of fresh eggs could be pro duced during the fall and winter, and this would assist materially in keep ing the price for fresh eggs within reasonable limits at such times. The lack of a sufficient supply fresh eggs during the fall and winter forces the public to depend on eggs stored during the preceding spring, and storage eg£s advance greatly in price because of the scarcity of fresh egg supplies.’ The old saying "No use to lock the , plete all-round protector. True, it is stable door after the horse has been stolen” is quite applicable in the mat ter of protecting young and no-longer- young fruit trees against rodents. Don’t wait until some of your trees are ruin ed before you adopt preventive meas ures. The soil or cinder mound as a pro tection against the injury by rodents, is very effective. Mice rarely injure more expensive than some others, but it is lasting and more effective against all kinds of rodents which prey upon young trees. Being light and open, it presents the least obstruction Wood veneer protectors are effective, but as they form a tight, close, light- excluding cylinder, various forms of insect life thrive in the crevices and under the cover. The woolly aphis, root louse and other pests increase in to strong winds; the air and sunlight great numbers under these wood cov- are freely admitted; no dark places of concealment, such as invite woolly-aphis and other forms of insect life. It is made of galvanized wire cloth of one- 4 Y l ,.nV . Corn stalk protectors are very good. There is no device superior in effec tiveness against rabbits and ground hogs, and certainly none chepaer. Five or six stalks bound firmly about he yung tree with twine will constitute a protection that will last not\ only ! one season, but for several seasons. ; The stalks readily yield as the tree in creases in size. By mounding the bases of the trees with fresh soil and firming ' It well, a stalk protected tree is quite secure from all rodent enemies. Wire cloth combined with corn stalks ! will appeal to the most exacting. The stalks protect against rabbits, while the wire cloth completely baffles the mice even in badly infested orchards. When trees have attached the age of six or seven yeans they are usually be yond the period of injury by rabbits. We then have to protect only against mice. The short, galvanized wire cloth cylinder, well imbedded in the soil about the tree base, is quite sufficient trees except where grads, strawy ma- nue, boards or trash of some kind about the base of the tree provide a hiding place; they will not come out in the open but perform their depreda tions under cover. In mounding trees, first, clear away the grass or mulch from the base of the tree for a foot or more in all directions. Second, with a "post tamper,” thoroughly firm the surface of the soil about the base of the tree. Third, with a few shovel fuls of fresh soil or cinders form a small mound twelve or fourteen inches in diameter at the base and from four to six inches high about the stern of the tree, firming the soil well. The tops of these small mounds are usually kept quite bare by the winds and the mice will not venture out on these exposures to feed on the bark of the trees. These mounds may be left all the year, but should be repaired and tamped hard each autumn. Where cinders are avail able they are most excellent for mice will not burrow through cinders. The wire screen is an ideal and com- quarter inch mesh (four 22-gauge wires to the inch) which may be purchased from any large supply house in rolls of one hundred lineal feet and in any width from twenty-four to thirty-six inches. In adjusting to the tree allow the edges to lap about one inch. Small meshed poultry netting protec tors are made of ordinary weight, gal vanized wire netting of one inch mesh. This is effective against rabbits, but will not keep the mice out. In combi nation with a mound of soil about the base of the ^ree, mice will rarely prove troublesome. It often happens that the farmer has a quantity of old poultry netting of standard mesh which he could use. Rab bits and wood chucks will not be able to seriously injure trees protected with this and if a mound is made at the tree base, mice may also be baffled. Spiral protectors of heavy wire, while effective against rabbits are of no avail against mice except as the trees are mounded. because of the fact that they afford excellent hiding places for many insect pests. A simple paper (even newspa per) wrapper will serve well for a sin gle winter. A high grade of building or "sheath ing” paper is, of course, preferable to newspaper for three protection. A com- New Currency Law Calls For Few Direct Changes In Old Banking System First Steps in Bringing Bill Into Operation Will Be in Hands of Organization Com mittee-Chief Provisions of Measure blnation of building paper and wire cloth is a trustworthy protector un der all conditions. The paper may be flf it - l ml even in badly infected orchards. In combination with soil or cinder mounds, paper wrappers are temporar ily effective against rabbits, but these protectors s must be removed in summer removed and the screen retained during the grwig season. The wire discour ages the mice and the paper in. winter is accepted Wy rabbits as an invitation to look elsewhere for forage. ANTI-SALOON LEAGUE ASKS AID OF WILSON Memorial Urges Him to Use Effort to Abolish Liquor T raffic COLUMBUS, Ohio, Dec. 25.—President Wilson was memorialized yesterday to ask congress to submit a constitutional amendment looking to the abolition of the liquor traffic in the country at large. The memorial, signed by a special com mittee of twenty-five named at the Anti- Saloon league demonstration, on the steps of the capitol in Washington on December 10, was an outgrowth of the national convention of the Anti-Saloon League of America and other, temper ance forces held in Columbus November 10-14. President Wilson was unable to re ceive the special committee upon the occasion of the Washington demonstra tion and the memorial sent to the White House yesterday was issued in lieu of a personal hearing. It asserts in effect that nation-wide prohibition would only be an advanced step in the application of the declarations of the Baltimore platform upon which Presi dent Wilson was elected. Federal Officers Grab Condemned Vegetables, Offered For Sale (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—Two thou sand cases of assorted canned vegetab les condemned by food inspectors of Hamilton, O., on the allegation that they were filthy and decomposed, have been seized by federal authorities in Chicago, where, according to an an nouncement of the department of agri culture today, an attempt to offer some of the more presentable for sale for food purposes was planned. The vegetables seized, the department says, apparently had been under water in the Ohio flood at Hamilton, though it is not clear that their condition was caused by the waters. The department further states that the goods had been condemned and that the owners obtained, permission to ship them to Chicago on the statement that they were to be sold as "fertilizing ma terial.” f HIGH OFFICIALS PLAN For Weakness and Loss of Appetite The Old Standard general strengthening tonic, GROVE’S TASTELESS chill TONIC, drive# out Malaria and builds up tfcp system. A true tonic and sure Appetizer. For adult* and children. 50c. (Advt.) TO SING OLD YEAR OUT rub UP Y0UR TELESC0PE. While Showing Gun, Uncle Shoots Boy, Seated in Flis Lap i —■ ' —— . f (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) WASHINGTON, Ga., Dec. 25.—While | holding in his lap his little nephew, i Darden Ware, three years old, Liiiton Lewis, fifteen years old, accidentally shot the little fellow in the forehead early Sunday morning with a small par lor rifle. 'The child wished his uncle to explain the workings of the gun. Taking the boy on his knee, young Lewis began to show him,*when the rifle fired. The ball penetrated the child’s skull just above his left eye. Physicians were im^ mediately called in, but it was found impossible to probe for the ball. ACWORTH BOY WINS RHODES SCHOLARSHIP (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) ACWORTH, Ga., Dec. 25.—Howard S. Hilley, an Acworth youth of only twenty years of age. has won a famous Rhodes scholarship to Oxford univer sity, England. Hilley won the scholarship through competitive examination in December, 1912, after only one day’s preparation, but on account of his age, I his appointment was deferred. Yester- GERMAN ENGINEERS TO BUILD ROADS IN CHINA Contracts Signed for Railways of German Material, Back ed by German Money (By Associated Press.) BERLIN, Dec. 25.—An agreement for the construction of two railroads in China by German engineers who are to utilize purely German materials and German capital was signed today by the Chinese foreign minister and the German minister to China at Peking. The first line is to run from Kaomi, near Kiaochow, on the Shantung rail way southward to Hanchwang, where the Tien-Tsin-Pukow railway crosses the grand canal. The second line is. to ex tend the Shantung railway from its ter minus at Tsinan to Shuntep on the Hankow railway. The cost of the two undertakings is estimated at from $17,500,000 to $20,- 000,000. AMERICAN SUFFRAGETTE IS FREED ON OWN WORK lust See Your Pimples Fiee After You Have Used Stuart's Calcium Wafers and Rid Your Blood of All Its Impurities. The abolishing of all skin disorders must begin with the blood. Lotions salves, cosmetics, e*tc., will do no ma terial good. The trouble comes from within and there the remedy must oe applied. If you really desire quick action and at the same time a common sense, nat ural, harmless blood purifier, then Stu art's Calcium Wafers is this remedy. (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—A big song service attended by high officials of the government, at which the old year will be sung out and the new year in, is to be held at the south end of the treas ury department. The service is to be under the auspices of the local Christ mas Endeavor union. Officials expected to attend Include Secretaries Garrison, Daniels and Mc- Adoo, Speaker Clark, Senator Borah and Representatives Lloyd and Hobson. The services will be featured by brief mega phone addresses by members of the cabinet and the senaie and nouse. A special choir of 1,000 voices has been arranged for. NEW COMFIT HOMING I day - at Le S in Ston. Ky., he again won nic.vv LUiVIS-l O hU IVIIIMU j over applicants from over the south, In ; tV AUTO WRECK VICTIMS FOUND BURIED IN MUD (By Associated Press. ^ LOUISVILLE, Dec. 25.—The bodies of Louis Wakefield, of Shelbyville, Ky., and Robert L. Gallatin, of York, Pa, were found this morning imbedded in the mud on the edge of a small creek in the suburbs of Louisville, victims of an automobile accident, that occurred about 10:30 o’clock last night. The au tomobile struck the railing of a bridge which crosses the stream and was dash ed to pieces ewtney feet below, pinning the occupants beneath it. (By Associated Press.) CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Dec. 25.—Ob servations of the ,Delevan comet re ceived at the Harvard observatory from Cordoba, Argentina, and from the na val observatory at Washington indi cate that the celestial visitor is in creasing in brilliancy and now can be seen through a small telescope. The comet has a northerly movement of six minutes and fifteen seconds a day. If it continues to increase in brightness it may prove an interesting spectacle in the southwestern heavens this winter. FISHERMEN JUMP OFF SCHOONER AS IT SINKS competitive examination. Mr. Hilley graduated from Transyl vania university, Lexington, Ky., with M. A. degree, last June, and has been acting pastor of the Christian church at Acworth. With the free scholarship, board, all necessary expenses are paid, and $1,500 per year. The scholarship is for a full courso of four years. (By Associated Press.) LNDON, Dec. 25.—Charges of as saulting the police brought against Miss Zelio Emerson, the American suf fragette, in connection- with a disturb ance last week, were dismissed today. Miss Emerson and her friends walked Njut of court with all honors of war. When called to the witness stand Miss Emerson testified that the statement *f the policeman that she had deliberately struck him and smashed his helmet was untrue, although she might have done so accidentally. The magistrate paid a tribute to the general truthfulness of the militant suf fragettes, remarking "if Miss Emerson had intentionally hit the policeman she would have said so.” ALBANY TRAVELERS HAVE FINE PROGRAM TARIFF BILL M0MENT0 FOR SENATOR SIMMONS (By* Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—Senator Simmons, of North Carolina, who suc cessfully piloted the Democratic tariff bill through the senate, will be present ed this week with an autographed and handsomely bound copy of the new tariff law. The bill contains autographed notes of appreciation from President Wilson, Vice President Marshall and several senators, in addition to the autographed signatures cf all members of the senate. (By Associated Press.) NEW YORK, Dec. 25.—-Forty fisher men scrambled off the schooner Seneca in North rivei today to the tug Daniel Willard just before the schooner with a big gap in her side sank in twenty- five feet of water. Backing out of her pier, she had been rammed amidships by the tug. No one was hurt. \ COL. GOETHAL’S GIFT MAY BE SHIP THROUGH CANAL (By Associated Press.) NEW YORK, Dec. 251—Panama ad vices received here today state that consideration has been quietly given to a proposition to put the U. S. S. Buf falo or some other government vessel through the Panama canal Wednesday, as Colonel Goethal’s Christinas gift to the American people. RUTLAND IS DROWNED IN BAY AT TAMPA ‘•After using Stuart’s Calcium Wafers my pimples went away like magic.” The correct and best blood purifier known to science is—Calcium Sulphide. This great cleanser is contained in proper quantities in Stuart’s Calcium Wafers and that is why all blood trou bles and skin blemishes rapidly disap pear afte r their use. An unslghtful and pimply face due to impure blood is one of the most. disgusting sights one can see and yet, _ A1 . A | mnrt ,, A .. , A all about us, upon the streets, in the DALTON CHURCH CALLS these horrible results. we see WAYNESBORO MINISTER There is no need for this condition QUEEN t)F MONTENEGRO REPORTED SERIOUSLY ILL (By Associated Press.) ZURICH, Switzerland, Dec. 25—Queen Milena, of Montenegro, mother of Queen Helena of Italy, is understood to be dangerously ill in the capital of the little Balkan kingdom. Dr. A. Genhart, of this city, received an urgent sum mons today to proceed to Cattinje to at tend the queen, who has been indisposed for several weeks. Yesterday’s symp toms of her sickness suddenly became serious. (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) WEST POINT, Ga., Dec. 25.—Tom Rutland, a prominent young lawyer of West Point, was drowned in the bay at Tampa, Fla., Monday, where he had gone to spend the winter. His body has not been recovered. (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) ALBANY, Ga., Dec. 25.—A thoroughly enjoyable affair was the joint banquet of the Travelers’ Protective association and the Traveling Mens Social and Protective association, which was held at the Sans Souci Saturday night. E. F. Jackson acted as toastmaster. Among the speakers were Cruger Westbrook, solicitor-elect of the city court of Al bany; Walter Mallard, Colonel Denis Fleming, G. J. Callaway, Dr. E. A. Lan dau, A. K. Hursh, Ed Harralson, W. M. Byrne, C. D. Stiles, Hall and others. Mr. Jackson read telegrams of regret from Hon. Roscoe Luke, of Thomasville, and Mr. Roland Rowe, editor of The Atlanta Journal’s "Firing Line.” DODGE GINNING REPORT SHOWS BIG INCREASE j * l EASTMAN, Ga., Dec. 25.—The tabu lations of the separate returns from the ginners for the December 1st report shows that there were 31,215 bales of cotton ginned in Dodge county from the crop of 4913, prior to Ilecember 1, as compared with 20,491 bales ginned prior to December 1, 1912, or a gain of 10,724. I if you will take Stuart’s Calcium Wa fers daily and keep all salves, lotions, cosmetics and other harmful prepara tions from clogging the pores. Every firstclass druggist in this country carries Stuart’s Calcium Wa fers, which are pleasant to take, harm less, and may be obtained for 60 cents a box,— (Advt.) DALTON, Ga., Dec. 26.—The First Baptist church in conference yesterday decided unanimously to extend to Rev. Solon B. Cousins, of Waynesboro, a call to the local pastorate. The congregation is extremely anxious for him to accept the local church. He preached two ser mons here recently and made an excel lent impression. ollect Butts Taxes (Spec/al Dispatch to The Journal.) JACKSON, Ga., Dec. 25.—When the books Jot Tax Collector C. S. Bryant closed; Saturday night, only about half of tl/e county and state taxes for the year 1913 had been paid. Mr. Bryant will/keep his books open up to Wed nesday night, after which time he will begin to issue excutions against those who have not paid. MRS. ANNA SHAW REFUSES TO PAY HER INCOME TAX NEW YORK, Dec. 25.—Dr. Anna How ard Shaw, president of the National National Woman Suffrage association, has refused to pay her income tax and yesterday announced her intention to fight the law. While at her house in Moylan, Pa., recently she was asked to fill out a pa per stating the amount of her income and from what source it was derived. Instead of obeying, she wrqte on the official sheet her declaration of princi ples which, in brief, are that “taxation without representation is twrannny.” NATIVES OF AMB0YNA KILL FEDERAL BOTANIST (By Associated Presa.) TORONTO, Ontario, Dec. 25—Charles Budd Robinson, United States govern ment botanist, recently was’killed by natives of Amboyna island In the Ma lay Archipelago. News of his death arrived today via Manila. He was a native of Canada. He had been em ployed by the bureau of sciences «of the Philippines to study the flora of Amboyna Island. He was forty-one years old. COOKS CAKE LIKE CRATE AND SENDS IN MAILS (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) WASHINGTON, Ga., Dec. 25.—A cake, baked as though it was packed in a crate is the unique Christmas gift presented to tlie officials of the Wash ington postoffioe, Saturday by Mrs. T. T. Wolfenden, a local teacher of domestic eclence GEORGIA RANKS HIGH IN GOOD ROADS STATES WAYCROSS, Ga., Dec. 25—Af twenty- four states through which he has driven on his coast-to-coast tour advertising the San Diego exposition of 1915, W. E. MacArton today classed Georgia among three states of the twenty-four having the best roads. Kansas and Pennsyl vania are the two states he ranks ahead of Georgia. When he reached Waycross from Sa vannah he completed his 1,100th mile and by the time he reaches San Diego he will have traveled approximately 20,000 miles. Moving pictures of Way- cross were taken today as a souvenir of the Georgia trip. PLENTY OF RECRUITS FOR UNCLE SAM’S ARMY (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, t Dec. 25.—There has been a tremendous increase recently in the number of young men offering themselves to the army recruiting of ficers for military services. Last month there were 5,000 applications, 2,000 more than ever before recorded in time of peace. No longer is there any appre hension on the part of the army officers as to the possibility of obtaining all the recruits needed to fill the ranks to full authorized strength. CLEMENTS REAPPOINTED TO U. S. COMMERCE BOARD WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—Judson C. Clements, of Georgia, was reappointed today by President Wilson a member of the interstate commerce commission, and his nomination was hurried to the sen- n£te. The senate immediately confirmed Commissioner Clements. (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Dec. 25.—The new bill affecting the currency banking and finances of the country is one of the most far-reaching measures relating to finance that has been enact ed in many years. The magnitude of the subject, the diversity of Interests affected, and the length of< the debates in both branches of congress, has made it difficult for the ordinary observer to follow the changes and grasp the es sentials of this highly technical meas ure in its important bearings on money, finance, banking and the entire range of fiscal subject^, public and private, which it affects. With a view, there fore, of presenting succinctly and in non-technical language, an epitome of the salient features of the measure as finally framed, the following summary is given of the bill as a whole and of its principlal details: Generally speaking, the first steps to be taken to bring into operation the nation’s new financial system will be through an organization committee, consisting of the secretary of the treas ury, secretary of agriculture and comp troller of the currency. Banks have sixty days within which to file their applications for membership in the new system; and one year’s time is allow ed before the government will com pel the dissolution of any national bank that refuses to join. LITTLE DIRECT CHANGE. The new law will make little direct change in the operation Of the present national banks, except to allow them to loan a certain amount of their funds upon farm mortgages. Its chief purpose, is to add a new piece of machinery to the banking system that will "take up the slack” during the changing busi ness conditions of each year; that will give the banks a place to quickly con vert their assets into* cash in time of need, and that will bring out new fed eral currency when it is needed^ and retire it when money becomes ’cheap.” Banks are now required to keep a certain percentage of their deposits as "reserves,” part in cash in their own vaults, and part of which may be re deposited in the banks of New York, Chicago, St. Louis and other designa ted cities. In times of sudden finan cial defnands, when banks have loaned up to the full limit of their resources, these reserves furnish little relief, be cause if they are paid out to meet de mands, the banks are left in a preca rious condition. TO CIRCULATE RESERVE. The basic principle of the new law is to get these reserve funds out into circulation when necessary, without lessening the safety of any bank; and provide a place to which local banks may rush in a crisis and get cash for the "prime commercial paper” they hold in their vaults. This is to be accomplished through a chain of regional reserve banks, oi "reservoirs of reserves,” In which all banks shall deposit a stated part of the money they are requfred to hold as reserves. Under the new system, when a financial flurry comes, the banks can take commercial paper, such as notes, drafts and bills of exchange, to these "reservoirs,” and secure the use of their own reserves, or if necessary even the reserve of other banks, by (de positing this security. The new regional banks will receive about one-half of the bank reserves of the countiV. They, in turn, will be permitted to loan back tp the banks all but 35 per cent of these reserves, so that in case of emergency, millions of cash can be brought out Into circula tion quickly. The banks will have to pay for these loans, however, as indi viduals have to pay for a loan from any local bank; and this charge is ex pected to prevent the too free use of the reserves held by the regional banks. NEW FORM OF CURRENCY. A new form of paper currency is also provided for, to come out in case of emergency, and which is expected to go back into the hands of the govern ment when times are normal. These "treasury notes” will be printed by the government, and issued through each ! regional reserve bank, and will bear | the guarantee both of the regional bank and the government. If the demand for currency in any j section of the country exceeds the sup ply of circulating money a regional bank can secure this new money from th© government and put it into circlua- lation; but a gold reserve of 40 per cenc. and commercial paper equal to the full value of the note, must be held as a reserve behind each note so issued. This provision is expected to be the influence that will drive the n«w njoncy_ back into retirement when It Is no longer needed. DETAIL OF NEW BILL. The following analysis presents the details of the new law without adher ing closely to the technical division or language of the measure. At the head of the system will stand a federal reserve board at Washington, i appointed by the president, and to con sist of the secretary of the treasury, j the comptroller of the currency and five other members. Two of these shall be expert bankers, but none shall have banking affiliations or even bank, stock during their service. This board will exercise general control over the entire system. The temporary "organization commit tee,” or the federal reserve board, will select from eight to twelve cities where regional reserve banks shall bo lo cated, and will divide the entire coun try geographically with these cities as the centers of districts. All national banks in a district will be required to subscribe for th© stock of the regional reserve bank in that district, and to keep a portion of their reserves there. ! Local banks will be known as "mem ber banks,” because they will own the stock of the regional reserve bank of their district. Each member bank will be required to take capital stock of the regional reserve bank, equal to 6 per cent of the member bank’s capital and surplus. The capital of the region' t bank will increase or decrease so thai it always represents 6 per cent of the combined capital and surplus of all the banks of the district that have Joined the system. National banks are compelled to join, and state banks are permitted to If they bring their reserve requirements up to the standard set for national banks, and submit to national examlna tions. • Public ownership of the stock of the regional reserve banks is permitted only in case enough banks do not Join in any district to provide a capital stock of $4,000,QfiO. In such event the public may purchase the stock In quantities limited to $25,000 for each individual, but th« voting of this stock will be placed in the hands of government represents tlves on the board of directors of the regional reserve bank. The regional reserve banks may do business only with their member banks, not with the public, except that certain "open market operations” such as the purchase and sale of gold, government or municipal bonds, and certain forms of bills of exchange, are permitted. These banks will make their earnings from the loans made to member banks, and from the purchase and sale of bonds and foreign bills of exchange. Member banks will be compelled to put up in cash only one-half of their subscription to the capital of the new banks; the rest can be called for If needed by the regional bank. Dividends of 6 per cent will be paid on this stock to the member banks, and the stock will be non-taxable. After these divi dends are paid, one-half of the surplus net earnings goes to create a regional surplus fund, and when this has reached 40 per cent of th© regional bank's paid in capital, these earnings are to go into the United States treasury. The bal ance of the net earnings are to be paid, to the United States as a franchise tax. With the machinery thus created for a new banking system that is supple mentary to the commercial banks of the country, the law provides foj* a gradual transfer of part of the bank reserves to these new "reservoir” banks. In order not to disturb business condi tions, or to withdraw too suddenly the heavy deposits of country banks in the large cities, the law provides that three years may be consumed in shifting these balances, and that if necessary part of the reserves transferred to the regional banks may consist of commer cial paper. The amount of reserve required from every bank under the new law, and the place where it mu&t be kept, are as follows: Country banks: Total reserve re quired, 12 per cent of demand deposits and 5 per cent of time deposits. Five- twelfths must be kept in the bank’s vaults foprtwo years and four-twelfths after that time. For the first year, two- twelfths must be kept In the regional bank, Increasing one-twelfth each six months thereafter until it reaches five- twelfths of the/ total reserve. For three years the unallotted part of the re serves may be kept in the banks of re serve cities; after that time It must be kept either in the country banks' vaults or in the regional reserve banks. Rerserve city banks: Total reserve required, 15 per cent of demand and 5 per cent of time deposits. Six-fifteenths must be kept in the bank’s vaults for tlte first two years, and flve-fifteentns after that time. Three-fifteenths must, be kept in the regional reserve bank for the first year, increasing one r flf- teenth every six months thereafter until it reaches six-fifteenths. For three years the unallotted portion of the reserve may be kept in other banks, in its own vaults or in the regional bank; after that time in one of the latter two places. / Reserve city banks: Total reserve ro- quired, 15 per cent of demand, and 5 per cent of time depq&its. Six-eigh teenths must be kept in the bank’s own vaults; 7-18 in the regional reserve; bank and the remaining 6-18 in either’ place the bank may choose. Central reserve city banks (^ow York, Chicago and St. Louis): Total re serve required, 18 per cent of demand, and 5 per cent of timo deposits. Six- eighteenths must be kept in the bank’s own vaults; 3-18 in the regional re serve bank for the first six months, and 6-18 thereafter. After six months the remaining 6-18 may bo kept in the bank’s own vaults, or in the regional reserve bank. These immense funds of reserves from "member-banks,” together with government moneys, will make up the deposits of the regional reserve banks. Each of these banks will be administer ed by a board of nien directors, six of whom will be elected by the banks, and three appointed by the federal re serve board. An important change in national banking methods, embraced In the new law, will permit all national banks ex cept those in New York, Chicago and St. Louis, to make direct loans on five- year farm mortgage, up to 26 per cent of their capital and surplus, or up to one-third of their time deposits. An other provision in the law permits na tional banks having a capital of $1,000,- 000 or more, to open foreign branches. Similar authority Is given to the re gional reserve banks, the purpose be ing to facilitate the development of American trade abroad. Short Begins Sentence (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) ALBANY, Ga., Dec. 25.—Alva Short, who was convicted in Worth county su perior court some time ago of killing Douglas Bass, at Sylvester, passed though Albany Monday night in charge of a convict warden en route to Lee county, where he will begin serving his life sentence. Blinded by Explosion (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) ALBANY, Ga., Dec. 25.—A negro maid w’as rendered blind, though it is believed only temporarily, at the apartments of Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Cox, yesterday morn ing, when an instantaneous gas water heater exploded. MRS. PIERP0NT MORGAN WRITES PRAYER FOR AGED NEW YORK, Dee. 25.—A special prayer for those who have passed or nearly reacheed th allotted span of life, has. been sent to the Rev. Karl Reiland, rector of St. George’s Episcopal church by Mrs. Pierpont/ Morgan, widow of the financier. The prayer, which. It is said, was written by Mrs. Morgan be cause of her feeling that the aged should be shown special favors, was published in the church calendar yes terday. In the prayer Mrs. Morgan asks for divine help to “make the noblest use of mind and body in our advancing years." Near the close she implores aid to “take from us all fear of death and all despair of undue love of life.” Bothered by Catarrh, Bronchitis, Asthma, Head or Chest Colds Fry The New External Treatment— Relieves by Inhalation and Absorp tion. No Stomach Dosing. For years we have been dosing our selves to cure cold troubles despite the fact that vapor treatments are quicker and do not disturb the stomach. The trouble has been that the old methods of administering these vapors such as vapor lamps, etc., were very cumber some. Vick’s "Vap-O-Rub” Croup and Pneumonia Salve contains Menthol, Thy mol, Eucalyptol, Camphor, and Pine Tar, combined by a special process, so that they are vaporized when Vick's is ap plied to the heat of the body. These vapors open tbs ^olr passages, loosen the phlegm, and heal the inflamed mu cous membrane. ^or Catarrh and Head Colds melt a little in a spoon and inhale the vapors. Also apply well up the nostrils. For Asthma and Hay Fever follow the above instructions and also rub well over the spinal column, thus relaxing the nerv ous tension. For Bronchitis, Sore Throat, and deep chest colds apply well over chest and throat, first opening tft\ pores by applications of hot wet tow els. Then cover with a warm flannel cloth, leaving the covering loose around the neck so the vapors arising may be inhaled all night long. In addition Vick’s is absorbed through the pores taking out the tightness and soreness. Three elzee—26c, 50c and ILOO-^-CAdvt.)