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Bolt 'ii. C. ('. Coyle. Charles
Patten. W. Il Reinhardt.
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JOURNAL. Atlanta. Ga.
b l’ H
I'he Journal’s Service Flag
In honor of the seventy-three Atlanta Jour
nal men who have entered the service of their
country. The two white stars are in memory
of Captain Meredith Gray and Captain James
S. Moore, Jr., Journal men, who gave their
lives for our countiy in France.
Hold Your Liberty Bonds.
PERSONS who are selling their Liberty
Bonds at a sacrifice or are turning
them into some dubious if not worth
less investment will wake with sharp regret
a few years hence to the unwisdom of their
course. Whatever may be the present figures
of a fluctuating market, every Liberty Bond
is worth not a penny less than its face
value. It may be quoted today at ninety
eight or ninety-four, but all the resources
and all the power of the United States Gov
ernment guarantee its redemption at one
hundred cents on the dollar and guarantee
the payment of its interest as the coupons
mature. Moreover, these securities will be
sought at a premium in the not distant fu
ture, unless our farthest-visioned financiers
are quite deceived, and will be, all things
considered, the most valuable of assets.
Why, then, should any man part with a
Liberty Bond save under the direst neces
sity? If he be Jn temporary need <* -Lunds
■Tm** a
■g.-, Hii.u to give up his Liberi
he be approached b.-' some
Ban offering new lan PS foi
B» * lumber the recent warning
yGin. of the Treasury I’ l ■
, * fe ning “the flood of wn”h , ”s
three.,*'! I h<
Brrscnr restrict ion^- are rr-
If of a class of Arsons who
: fiL. 1 f wits in chers. These
WfVl K » v mil’ nns of Lborty
S * - ' SjV n'it” 07 whom m ■
SyfeffiL £L share of siork, an
S"',-' ""p plunder. Air-: iv
in the earth seeking
./’J." ' v ' r. Foolish is he wiio
' 1 :nv,, rnm<-.nt bon i in
>B'' ' f *heir scraps of p;
, ■•i-^Ehibert y Bond. It is your
. 'Ai’L Bk : investment.
TU” •>- ,' , •
■ Progress.
seasonable Lit of ad-
Br
B ys:
w' h ‘ K town tint b..i - i.
P r(l ''r< s lias ; .o !tl e
‘‘ z ' H i-)n wi h h
11 1 a-' Vv o itside.
s '’a&y*7*''• .i’i rr-i\Oin-nt whi' ii
■' :1 Plenty of bmh
Hr& ' : ' ains in Ulis C' !!
Mr I if:l® i 1 “ 1 n-' ssary institn
/• is now."
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gX- . >■ g|F' ■ min : but v.
g 'lo Mi'cim- t -io
tgF ’" ' 'i-'Voloyment, for it
K* W-o-’ho- in ;1 yvonhy r:o;.-.
‘ sp: ' r — 1 r! '' 111 ■' ail
H;i ( I• !: ho can 1 1’.-- .- | ( . t ,
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H? ■■ ’lm pr;v • -,-al value
"1 1 v for wiam'-.-rs of r,,tm
gh-r ' t“ t d ’ i”dr- d in<tas
‘ ‘ \ fe Tiwouirh thw th--
l||‘ I - !-■ i ran
in Georgia should have
some such orgaiWation.
IPhy He Didn't Buy.
Every community whose highways are ill
kept or inadequate should take to heart the
lesson of an instance recently made public
by Clemson College. It seems that a man
from a distant point went to a certain South
Carolina county to look into a farm w’hich
was advertised for sale. He found the loca
tion, the land and the equipment greatly
to his liking, and was on the verge of closing
a deal. But when took another jog over
the roads of the region and considered how
hard their run-down condition would make
travel to and from town, he left the county
without buying. Thus was lost a valuable
citizen and investor might easily have
been secured, together with many like him,
if due care had been given the county’s
highways.
It is obvious why men of foresight will
not choose to settle in a district that lacks
good roads. They know that the profitable
ness of farming and the enhancement of their
.investment depend largely on the character
of the roads leading to the market, the
school, the hurch and to the neighbor’s
homes. They know that good roads mean
cheap and easy hauling, and hence fairer
profits on the products of th_ soil. They
4
VERILY, MAN IS A QUEER KIND OF CRITTER
It may have been Mark Twain, but we are more inclined to. suspect it was
Artemus Ward, who once wrote a paragraph philosophizing upon the peculiar
ities of all the descendants of old man Adam, and the conclusion summed up
with the statement that “man is a queer kind of critter.’’
We agree.
In New York on New Year’s eve, for instance, we, learn that the mayor of
the city permitted folks celebrating the advent of world peace, the new year,
etc., to* purchase liquor one hour and a half beyond the time limit determined by
law.’ New Yorkers, being a gay and rakish set (having originated in Musca
tine, Iowa; Marietta, Ga., and other way stations), were quick to take advantage
of the intelligent mayor’s official generosity, and judging by the vivid story tele
graphed to us by our New York correspondent, then ensued scenes of disorder,
drunkenness, debauchery and brute licentiousness that have never been equaled.
We feel no urge to scold the New Yorkers. Just having to live in that
mad metropolis is punishment enough for any one.
We have no harsh words for the mayor of New York. But we are intrigued
by a certain curiosity to know how he came to decide that JUST ONE HOUR
AND HALF for lawlessness, drunkenness, debauchery and disgraceful didoes
was the EXACT AND PROPER PERIOD he should allow.
Why not one hour?
Or, to be even more generous with his official favor, why not ALL NIGHT?
Yes, indeed, ’osephine, man is a queer kind o’ critter!
know that without good roads good schools
are seldom if ever developed and that the
spirit of co-operation and sociableness through
the countryside has a poor chance to grow.
Counties that ignore these facts will fail not
only to attract new settlers, but even to
hold the progressive citizens that they have.
Every dollar, therefore, efficiently spent on
highway improvement is a safeguard against
retrogression and a guarantee of the commu
nity’s advancement. There is no wiser reso
lution, as far as material interests go, for the
people of Georgia to make and carry out this
year than that they will work with redoubled
earnestness for the upbuilding of their State’s
roads.
Plenty of Nitrate Promised.
That is a highly welcome announcement
from the War Industries Board to the ef
fect that farmers can get all the nitrate
they need next spring. This promise rests
on the fact that since November importa
tions have been diverted from munition mak
ing to the manufacture of fertilizer. With
peace at hand, our immediate anxiety over
the question of a nitrate supply is relieved,
but the problem will not be solved, nor its
attendant perils removed, until we establish
our independence of foreign sources.
The United States cannot afford to stake
the security of its agriculture and munition
industries on the uncertain fortunes of long
sea voyages in troubled times. We now
send to Chile for almost our entire store
of this mineral so indispensable in raising
i crops and firing guns. The hazards and
; extremely high prices thus incurred can be
: avoided by utilizing the well demonstrated
1 processes for deriving nitrate from the air.
I This would save the country hundreds of
! thousands nf dollars in export tariffs now
’ paid the Chilean Government and would end
once for all the dangerous possibility of our
being cut off from a nitrate supply. It was
for this purpose that Congress inserted in
the military preparedness bill a provision
authorizing the establishment of one or more
Government plants for the production of
"Rrates. Work on this enterprise, which
involves the extensive development of water
pow r er resources, is under way and in time,
Ino doubt, will yield the much desired
results.
Meanwhile, it is reassuring to know that
i th® farmers’ s> *mly
. , -rilt reassuring to
a State like Georgia which, together with
; South Carolina, Alabama and Florida, con
umes fully eighty per cent of the nitrate
[ e’tilizers used in the entire country.
Ihe South as a Sugar Bowl.
j Touching the South’s growth in sugar re
fineries, of which one of the largest was re
cently established at Savannah, the Augusta
Chronicle remarks that fifty-five per cent of
the sugar consumed in the United States now
comes from Cuba, where “production has vir
tually reached its maximum under existing
conditions,” and that in order to supply the
ever-increasing demand new fields must be
developed.
Some idea of the present shortage may be
gathered from the fact that when we entered
the war this country’s monthly consumption
of sugar amounted to seven and a half
pounds per capita, or more than twice as
much as is now available. It has been ob
served, moreover, for years past that the
world as a whole has been increasing its
per capita consumption of sugar, and there
is no reason to expect that this tendency,
checked for the time being, will not resume.
Evidently, then, there are extraordinary op
portunities for regions and people that can
produce this staple.
It is the opinion of experts, we are remind
ed, that Georgia and Florida have natural
resources capable of supplying the whole
amount of sugar which the Unite I States now
imports. The stupendous industrial possibili
ties thus afforded will be developed, no doubt,
as improved methods of cane growing are
popularized, and sugar refineries, with their
assurance of a regular market, are establish
ed. The progress of the last few years shows,
indeed, how substantial a beginning has been
made by Southern States that are compara
tively new in this field of enterprise, and
points to the continued and increasing suc
cess of their efforts.
♦
The South and the Philippines.
In assaying the rich possibilities of trade
development between the United States and
the Philippines the Federal Bureau of For
eign Commerce points out two particularly
promising fields of the islands’ export busi
ness—the growing of cocoanuts, the oil of
which is coming to be used so extensively as
a wholesome substitute for certain dairy sta
ples, and the production of rubber for which
there is an enormous and continually increas
ing demand. As these industries expand, the
Philippines will play a more and more impor
tant part in the commerce of the world and
especially of the United States.
Their exports from this country in recent
years have consisted largely of cotton and its
manufactures, a circumstance of peculiar in
terest to the South. The South indeed has a
prospect of goodly trade in divers parts of
the Orient, now that the Panama route to the
Pacific is open and the possession of an ade
quate American merchant marine assured.
Being more closely linked to the Philippines,
we shall reach out the more easily to the
Eastern lands beyond.
If the doughboy faces the powder, is it
the doughgirl who powders the face?
The kaiser escaped into Holland disguised
as a piece of cheese. This explains why
the Dutch will not give him up.
Now that women are to be in the German
army, what is to be done about the last word?
Mr. Wilson told a joke in Paris the other
day and they say that Clemenceau it!
According to news dispatches the Watch
on the* Rhine has been set up to Paris time.
MARTINE HARMSEN.
THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA. FRIDAY, JANUATCr 3, 1919.
ROADMAKING
By John Breck.
I T is an ingenious animal, this creature
called man, and courageous withal. He
merits a reward for some of his achive
ments. I have seen one start out to tame a
mountain road for the uses of the automo
bile, w r hich has neither hoof nor claw for
clinging to the steeps of a rockhillside and
straddles a broader trail than nature’s trav
alers.
He loads some wagons with dynamite,
pork, and tobacco, and sallies forth into the
wilderness. A few odds and ends such as
shovels, picks, and scrapers are tied to the
wagon tail and he rustles an odd assortment
of Indians to drive the teams. Then he is
set. For he works not so much with men
and tools as with an indomitable -will.
He does not tell how he found the moun
tain spring by which he pitched his camp—
probably he followed the old coon’s trail. He
reaches a wall of granite forty feet sheer
above where his road shall lie. It daunts
him not at all. He drills, sets in a stick of
dynamite or so, and seats himself comfort
ably on a. fuse-box to smoke his pipe until
the blast goes off. Presently a part of his
obstructions leaps from the spot where it
has slept since the world was young and
races down the mountainside. It is awesome
to see rocks weighing several tons flee be
fore him like rabbits surprised in their
forms; it gives you a wholesom respect for
the power of man to work his will with the
elemental things. But he merely shakes the
dottel out of his pipe and nicks a fuse into
a fresh stick of rock cartridge as nonchant
ly as one loads a gun for quail.
Pie has a fondness for the smaller rocks,
corralling them as carefully as he does his
working stock. For there is a gully to be
filled just beyond. They will go into a dry
retaining wall to hold his road bed from melt
ing in the floods. Each stone will be fitted !
into its neighbor stone as snugly as they
rested in the hill.
And he does this with the Indians and the I
mules, working each according to his capac- I
ity. And neither one nor the other shares :
his dream of what is being accomplished. !
Every spoonful of dirt, every stone, is moved
according to his vision and his will.
There is a tinge of the miraculous about
it. Every here and there he has set in a
huge, corrugated iron drain. However he
got them there remains a mystery, for they
seem beyond the power of mules or men. It
> ' them one by one up the grades that he h;.s j
i ! made, but the laying of them in their beas
. I remains sheer witchcraft. Those thing? were
. made to be handled by some-more powerful
tackle than six diplapidated harnesses and a
section or so of logging chain. But here
they are.
I watch the wizard himself working his
way with his gang, somewhat by the gift of
tongues, mixed American and Spanish, weld
ed by a brogue; somewhat by waving his
hands after the fashion of shepherd direct-
■ ing a distant dog. Indeed, their intelligences
are distant enough to warrant it. And I
. mourn that the gems of Celtic wit by which
he relieves his inner tensions are wasted on
the mountain wind. Once I chuckled softly.
! and he turned toward me a quizzically lifted
; brush of eyebrow; even a wizard likes to
have his sense of humor shared. A big.
black man, with hazel eyes showing strange-
I ly from his tanned face; easy-tempered, but
, firm as the stuff be works in. A man to the
: fullest meaning of the word.
And I wonder if of those who use his
! handiwork in other days there will be one
| who thinks that he is driving through a year
of a man’s life. Not that man himself will
care; his reward wil lie in getting it done.
*
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY
A reproduction of the Statue of Liberty
erected in one of the public centers of Bor
deaux, France, designedly or not, has fur
nished a pleasant home suggestion to the
thousands of American troops who have
passed through or visited the historic French
city.
The Statue of Liberty is an outcome of the
desire of the French people to honor the
United States in connection with the celebra
tion of the centenary of their independence
in 1876. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, a dis
tinguished French sculptor, was commis
sioned by the French government to execute
a heroic figure of Liberty Enlightening the
World, for presentation to the United States,
and the statue which for nearly thirty years
has shown its commanding figure over New
York’s harbor from Liberty Island, is the
result.
Originally it was intended to. exhibit the
statue at the Centennial exposition in the
summer of 1876, but owing to the magni
tude of the work it could not be finished in
time, so that only the hand holding the torch
reached Philadelphia. Yet even that small
portion won unqualified admiration from the
millions who viewed it. After the close of
the Centennial the hand was brought to this
city and placed in Madison Square, near the
site of the existing Farragut memorial.
The gift of the statue did not include the
necessary pedestal, and for more than ten
years after the completion of the work it
could not be erected for lack of funds to sup
ply the base. Something like $200,000 was
needed, and after various attempts to i aise
the money had failed, the World, in 1885,
undertook the task, and, by inviting popular
subscriptions, accomplished it in little more
than a year.
The unveiling of the statue, October 28,
1887, afforded one of the memorable
pageants of New York harbor. There was an
imposing array of shipping and river craft,
all profusely decked with bunting. President
Cleveland and his cabinet, distinguished
Frenchmen and other foreigners, governors of
many states, Americans prominent in every
walk of life, participated. Future United
States Senator Chauncey M. Depew delivered
the oration.
The statue is of bronze, 151 feet 5 inches
high from base to tip of the torch. The total
height from water level is 301 feet 3 inches.
The number of steps from base to torch is
403. Forty persons can stand comfortably
in the head, while twelve can stand in the
torch. Some tim ago a movement was
started to place an electric elevator in the
statue, but it has not yet been carried out. —
New York World.
BEST CARTOON OF THE WEEK
forYiStlnguished service
(Marcus in New York Times.)
A FABLE BY AESOP
THE MICE, THE CAT, AND THE BELL.
Once on a time sonie mice were in such
great dread of a cat, that they did not dare
to stir day c* night lest she should kill
them. At thi» rate they thought they should
starve, so they all met to talk of the best
thing for them to do. While they thus sat
in great doubt, a pert young mouse rose
and said, “I have thought of a good plan,
and that is to tie a bell to the cat’s neck,
which would ring at each step she takes,
and let us know when she comes near.”
This bright speech brought hope with it, and
made the mice jump for joy. Then a grave
old mouse, who till now had been quite
mute, rose and said, “I have heard that you
‘hold a wolf by the ears’ and that you ‘put
salt on the bird’s tail ’ but what shall we
do to bell the cat?”
Safe bind, safe find.
PROVERBS FOR TOMORROW
By H. Addington Bruce
ON the eve of the new year, with its cer
tainty of unusual problems and crises,
it surely behooves all of us to do some
earnest thinking And to aid us in charting
our course through the serious days that lie
ahead, we : iay well draw on the wisdom of
the ages as handed down to us in the form
of proverbs.
Many a 1 roverb has a special bearing on
the issues with which we shall have to deal
during the coming year. Thus, as bearing
on the vital issue of the peace settlement,
our ancestral philosophers, proverb makers,
remind us:
We shoul I consult three things in all our
actions—j istice, honesty, and utility.
Justice is the rightful sovereign of the.
world.
i Charity excuseth not cheating.
It is cruelty to the innocent not to punish
[ the guilty.
Peace without truth poison.
[ Better a little in peace with right than
•.iiuch with anxiety and strife.
Deliberate slowly, execute promptly.
Hatred is blind as well as love.
Peace flourishes when reason rules.
Good counsel is better than a great army.
What is just and right is the law of laws.
And, as concerns the social readjustments,
be lessening of friction between class and
•lass,
Uwlir' ifas revealed to t us as a universal need,
‘! proverb lore gives use these helpful hints:
! Avarice and fidelity cannot dwell together
m the same house.
Human blood is all of one color.
They that command the most enjoy them
selves the least.
Confidence begets confidence.
He who devours the substance of the poor
will find at length a bone to choke him.
Distrust is poison to friendship.
None so despicable as those who despise
others.
What is wrong today won’t be right to
morrow.
There can be no friendship where there
is no freedom.
That is the best government in which an
injury to one is the concern of all.
Our personal activities in the critical year
of 1919, the policy each of us should adopt
for our own good, our brother’s good, and
the good of the nation—regarding this also
we may learn not a little from the collective
experience of the race as voiced in proverbs:
Produce much, consume little, labor dilli
gently, speak courteously.
Beware of no man more than thyself.
A handful of common sense is worth a
bushel of learning.
The charitable give out at the door and
God puts in at the window.
Good enough is never bought.
Well doin is the best capital.
To be of use in the world is the only way
lo be happy.
Gold is the snare of the soul.
Space commands me to stop. But read
through these proverbs once more, and pon
der their helpfulness as counsel for the com
ing year.
(Copyright, 1918, by the Associated News
papers)
A POEM FOR TODAY
When all the world is young, lad,
And all the trees are green;
And every goose a swan, lad,
And every lass a queen;
Then hey for boot and horse, lad,
And round the world away;
Young blood must have its course, lad,
And every dog his day.
When all the world is old, lad,
And aL the trees are brown;
And all the sport is stale, lad,
And all the •wheels run down:
Creep home and take your place there,
The spent and maimed among;
God grant you find one face there
You loved when all was young.
—CHARLES KINGSLEY.
A HERO EVERY DAY
The navy department has commended
John Bowen, chief gunners mate, John S.
Russell, chief machinists mate and Harry B.
Aiderman, chief yeoman, U. S. N., for con
spicuous services rendered when a fire broke
out on board the U. S. S. Cleveland while at
sea. Despite the fact that the word “fire”
was passed over the ship, and believing the
magazine to be on fire, these men entered
the compartment situated above magazine
which was filled with dense smoke arising
from burning celluloid, and after forty-five
minutes of continuous effort, succeeded in
locating and extinguishing the blaze at great
risk of sucocation.
Bowen enlisted January 21, 1912, giving
as next of kin his half brother, Edward
Melia, who resides at 7 9 Colton street, San
Francisco, Cal.
Russell enlisted in March, 1918, giving as
next of kin his mother, Mrs. Mary Ellen Rus
sell, 714 Muncie Boulevard, Kansas City.
Missouri.
Aiderman enlisted September 11. 1917.
His mother, Mrs. Mollie V. Aiderman, lives
in Pocomoke City, Md.
THE KIND OF HELP SOLDIERS NEED—By Frederic J. Haskin
WASHINGTON, D. C., Dec. 30.—The I
plan to teach wounded American sol- |
diers new trades and professions,
which has been the subject of much work
and discussion throughout the war, is now
in actual operation. The Federal Board for
Vocational Education, which has charge of
the task, asks for the co-operation of the pub
lic in this business of finding places for dis
abled men.
The term “disabled” is not literally cor
rect except in a very few cases. In this and
other countries, men badly maimed have
more than made up for their physical dis
abilities by the education they have gained
while convalescent, and by the strengthen
ing of will and moral stamina which their
military experience has given them.
The difficulty, according to the experts, is
to make the wounded men realize their oppor
tunities and needs. A man who finds himself
disabled is naturally discouraged and inclined
to exaggerate his handicap. The public gen
erously helps him in this by lavishing pity on
him, when the thing he needs is encourage
ment and confidence in his ability.
“Suppose,” says a member of the board,
“that a wounded, disheartened soldier comes
back to his home town, and a worthy citizen
sees in him a chance to show his patriotism
and friendship. He offers him a position at
a good salary without reference to his former
line of work. The ex-soldier is set to work
at a business for which he has no aptitude.
He does not earn his pay. Some day that
worthy citizen will have a grouch and dis
miss him. Or else he will keep him, realiz
ing that he has made a serious mistake.’’
This is what every citizen of the United
States wants to avoid —this haphazard aid—
and the other danger of ex-soldier unemploy
mer*, which may end in beggary or dishon
esty. To place one hundred per cent of
these wounded soldiers, whose past line of
employment is closed to them, so that they
can make an honest living, is the program
which the Federal Board for Vocational Edu
cation has set itself.
After a long period of adjustment and
many difficulties as to the recognition of its
scope of activity, the board has at last fitted
into a definite place in the government, and
has secured the co-operation of the Medical
Department of the Army, the Department of
Labor and the War Risk Insurance Bureau.
Heretofore, some of our disabled men have
been discharged from service without means
of livelihood save a limited knowledge of
wireless or block printing, gained in convales
cent days in the hospital. Now, representa
tives of the Vocational Board are going into
the hospitals and talking over prospects with
each man without a trade, who has been
recommended for a discharge.
If the man is already fitted to enter
some new line of work through hospital study,
the Vocational Board helps to place him in a
position. If he has only an inclination for a
new trade, he is sent to some school for
training. If he is at a loss as to what he can
do, the vocational adviser makes suggestions
and interests him in some line of work.
JUST PUNISHMENT FOR THE KAISER
By Major General William Crozier in the
New York Times
In preparing to mete ont just punish
ment to the kaiser for his crimes care
should be taken that his prosecution be not
instituted in such away as to incur the
danger of at least partial failure. In a
statement of policy issued by Mr. Lloyd
George on Dec. 5 there occur the follow
ing passages:
The kaiser must be prosecuted. The war
was a crime. Who doubts that? It was
a frightful, terrible crime. It was a crime
! in
the deliberate wantonness with which it was
provoked. It was also a crime in the in
vasion of a helpless little state and in the
wicked and most brutal treatment of that
little state. Remember the treaty of neu
trality, the scrap of paper!
Surely the war was a crime. The fact
that all these iniquitous things were done
in the name of war and under the im
perial edict of an autocrat does not change
their nature. The war was a hideaus,
abominable crime, a crime which has sent
millions of the best young men of Europe
to death and mutilation and has plunged
myriads of homes into desolation.
In these passages there are two arraign
ments —one for bringing on the war, the
other for the manner of conducting it. Now
the making of war is, by the law of na
tions, a prerogative of sovereignty, and a
sovereign government is the sole judge of
the cause which may impel it or induce it
to this extreme act. If, as in the present
instance, war is undertaken for a bad
cause, the act does not constitute an offense I
against international law, hor one which is j
properly cognizable by a court of justice,
either national or international. This does
not mean that no consequence can be visited
upon those responsible for an unjustified
and iniquitous war, but it must be done as
a matter of p )licy by administrative au
thority and not as a result of judicial pro
cedure. It might very well happen that a
council of representatives of a government,
or of allied governments, would conclude
' or mere persons whom a victorious
'• ’ ,’d placed within their power were too
dangerous to the peace of the world to be
allowed tol remain at large, or even alive,
and might order their confinement, as in
the case of Napoleon I, or their execution;
but such a proceeding would rest upon con
science, upon public opinion, and upon
higher and unformulated law, and not upon
that established law and precedent which it
is the province of courts to pronounce upon.
Not so with the violation of the laws of
war itself, or of those laws made and ac
cepted with special reference to a state of
war. Transgression of these brings the
transgressor directly within the jurisdiction
of courts, if the power exists to bring bim
to the bar. and he can be tried and punish
ed in strict accordance with the principles
and practices which have characterized the
administration of justice in civilized
countries since the beginning of the reign
of law. If in the conduct of a righteous or
an unrighteous war persons, of whatever
standing, are guilty of the unnecessary kill
ing of military prisoners or civilians, of
rape, or other acts which are forbidden
by the recognized international code, of
which prominent parts are contained in the
two conventions for the laws of war on
land adopted at The Hague conferences of
1899 and 1907, they render themselves dis
tinctly liable to trial and punishment by
court-martial or military commission, which
is a species of court, or by a specially con
stituted judicial tribunal, without any vio
lence being done to the best traditions of
civilization or to the most technical legal
reqiiirements. The history of war is full
of instances of such punishment of war
criminals and nowhere is there to be found
any reason, or even excuse for distinction
based on the rank of the offender to whom
offense can be brought home.
The invasion of Belgium by the German
Army was in direct controversion of the
first article, adopted unanimously, of the
convention concerning the rights and duties
of neutrals of the second peace conference
at The Hague in 1907, which states that
the territory of neutral countries shall be
inviolate. The character of Germany’s act
was not changed by her declaration of war
against Belgium, after the latter’s refusal
to accede to her request for the passage
of her troops across Belgium’s territory.
| The school to which he is sent may be any
one of the institutions of learning which
have agreed to take men sent by the board.
The one thousand schools now fisted with the
board include colleges and technical schools
of the highest standing. Some of them offer
tuition free to former soldiers. Others ac
cept the regular tuition fees, which are paid
out of the $2,000,000 appropriated by con
gress for the board last June.
Besides the schools, factories are co-oper
ating with the board. This is especially im
portant because some trades, such as print
ing, can be learned through factory appren
ticeship. The ex-soldier is in no case under
any expense for tuition, and throughout the
time of his instruction he receives sixty-five
dollars a month for expenses, with the same
allowance for dependents as during his serv
ice in the army. He leaves the school or shop
self-supporting and without fear of being a
drag on his community.
The connection of the Bureau of War Risk
Insurance with the Vocational Education
Board is not generally understood. Enlisted
men injured in service so that they are ids
abled, either totally or partially, are entitled
to monthly compensation from the War Risk
Insurance Bureau, a matter entirely distinct
from a War Risk Insurance policy. When a
disabled man applies for this compensation
and it is awarded, the War Risk Bureau It.
forms him that he is eligible to receive ait.
from the Vocational Education board. With
out a decision of the War Risk Bureau,
awarding compensation for disability, a sol
dier cannot be considered as an applicant to
the Vocational Education Board for govern
ment training in a school or shop.
The first practical attempt to find new
places in civil life for the wounded soldiers
was made by a Belgian in a French city. A
group of homeless Belgian wounded applied
to the Speaker of the Belgian House of
Representatives for aid. He took them into
his home, and when he found that they
wished to try again the old trades, he let
them cobble shoes in his parlor, raise vege
tables in his garden, and turn his dining
room into a general workshop. He found
that they were so much happier when they
were working, and that some picked up a
trade by watching the others.
He appealed to the Belgian Minister of
Finance for funds in order to increase the
number of men under his care. Later the
Belgian congress provided money to build
extra shacks about the house. In this way
vocational help for the wounded got a start,
with such excellent results that France, Eng
land, Italy, Canada and finally the United
States followed the Belgian example.
In the two hundred hospitals overseas
which shelter American wounded, the same
help by vocational advisers is offered as in
this country. Application cards arc given to
disabled men leaving the overseas hospitals
with the invitation to fill them out and mail
them to the Vocational Education board when
they reach the United States. These cards
have just begun to come into the board’s
offices.
If a central country could be deprived oi
its character of neutrality and thrown into
a belligerent status by the mere declaration
of war against it for standing for its neu
tral rights the guarantee of inviolability of
neutral territory would be meaningless. A
murderer, having first created apprehension
of his intended killing upon the part of his
victim which would induce the latter to try
to kill first, could not plead self-defense
for his own act similarly Germany’s con
duct was not regularized by her declarable
of war in due form, and the responsible
members of her Government are properly
the convention. Besides,, tX v I .bZ r ’
came too late, having been made on Aug.
4, while German troops entered Belgium,
at Verviers, on Aug. 3.
Charles I was not properly subject to the
jurisdiction of the special court created by
Parliament for his trial, and took his stand
upon the impregnable constitutional ground
that as sovereign he could not be arraigned
before a court of his subjects and refused
to plead to the charge of treason. His sub
sequent conviction and execution were
therefore without judicial regularity. Wil
liam Hohenzollern has no such claim for
immunity, and would not if he were still
kaiser, but as a member of the military
forces of Germany, being commander in
chief of all her forces on lan. and sea, is
subject to trial by a judicial tribunal of the
opposing forces, for any such violation of
international law as those mentioned above,
or for sinking merchant vessels and drown
ing or otherwise doing to death the crews
and passengers, instead of providing for the
■ safety of these persons, as required by the
I established law and precedent; or for ang
other transgression of which evidence can
be obtained.
The law officeis of the British crown
are reported to have found several indict
ments justifying the extradition and trial
of the ex-kaiser, and these professional
gentlemen undoubtedly can be trusted not
to confuse issues situable for presentation
to a court with matters proper only for
consideration as grave questions of policy;
which distinction a politician, even of the
statesman class, like Lloyd George might
very naturally fail to draw, especially in a
campaign document. The war was a hide
ous crime, as Lloyd George says, but was
a crime which is not reached by the im
perfect law of nations, and should not be
sent before a court, but should be dealt
with politically. Crimes of the other class,
however —those concerned with the manner
of prosecution of the war—are definitely
and technically covered by well understood
law and practice, and the perpetrators,
either by act or order, can be haled into
court, without danger of failure through
lack of jurisdiction, or of reaction of pub
lic opinion, in case of conviction, against
a strained application of judicial process.
TRAVELETTE—By Niksah
—o A
NAGOYA
Some Japanese towns rely upon a single
temple or palace for fame. Nagoya takes no
such risk of being overlooked. It possesses a
feudal castle, of which the citizens are inor
dinately proud, a temple containing a re
markable statue collection, and a porcelain
factory famous throughout the world.
Except for the porcelain connoisseur, vis
itors to Nagoya rush to view the castle. If
they are sufficiently distinguished, or can
mention .usually enough names of impor
tant people, the interior of the castle is a.
their disposal. Otherwise they must content
themselves with gazing at the iwo golden
dolphins or goldfish—the anatomy is a bit
vague—that surmount the castle roof, and
studying the Japanese mastery of curved
lines, as lavishly displayed in the castle's
tiers of draped gables.
The dolphins are gold plated, and are so
valuable that they have been encased in wire
netting which is supposed to protect them
against being stolen. It seems unlikely that
any thief would be so . mbitious as to think
of stealing either of tlm ponderous, glitter
ing objects which would be as •difficult to
conceal as the celebrated white elephant. Yet
Japanese tradition says that once upon a
time an unscrupulous and unpatriotic citizen
did attempt to catch one_jof the precious
golden fish byway of a kite. At the critical
moment, the fisherman’s perfidy was dis
covered and he was boiled in oil.