Newspaper Page Text
®he Atlanta Bmtrmil
VOL. XXII. NUMBER 1.
STEEL HEAD SMS
CLOSED SHOP WILL
' HALTJ’ROSPEIIITY
Union Control Means Decay (
He Adds, Denying Charges
of Brutality Made Against
the Operators
WASHINGTON, Oct. I.—Flat re
fusal to deal with union labor was
made to the senate labor commit- 1
tee today by Judge Gary, chief of
/ the United States Steel corporation.
In face of repeated questioning,
the industrial leader stood without
budging on his contention that to
deal with union leaders would result
in the closed shop, a thing which
he declared would be “inimical” to
the country and prevent industrial
prosperity.
Judge Gary’refused to give ground
under the barrage of questions which
senators fired at him.
“You are on the defensive,” Sena
tor Walsh, "Massachusetts, told Judge
Gary, but the steel magnate refused
to weaken in his refusal to meet la
bor leaders.
He will not object to meeting Mr.
Gompers at the coming industrial
conference, believing that there Mr.
Gompers will not be the official rep
resentative of any particular group
of employes, he said.
Judge Gary declined to disclose the
contents of messages sent him by
President Wilson in an effort to
avert the steel strike. He said he
did not regard it as proper for him
to make the communications public,
but Chairman Kenyon asked him to
think over his refusal while the com
mittee was in recess for lunch.
Reiterating the “open shop” was
the big issue in the present strike,
Judge Gary declared it was “the
opinion of the world that open shops
mean more production, better methods
and more prosperity, and thatclosed
shops mean lower production and less
prosperity ”
“Here were these men,” said
Judge Gary, referring to the steel
workers’ national committee, “start
ing out, not for better pay, for bet
ter conditions —we’d never heard of
their twelve points—but to get con
trol of this industry. And what that
means I think you know.”
If unions control industries in the
United States, “it means decay and
the dropping of production,” Judge
Gary declared.
“It means this country cannot
keep up in the race with the world,”
said'Mr. Gary. “It means the con
* dition I fear England is in today.”
“This strike has been conducted
in many respects like other strikes,”
Mr. Gary continued. “Only worse in
some of its features. The large
majority of our workmen were not
desirous of engaging in a strike. .
“They were not members of any
labor unions. They hud declined to
become such year after year.
“The men did not strike of their
own volition,’ continued Judge Gary.
“They were taken out by the con
stant effort of union leaders to bring
about a strike. Threats had been
made —we have a great deal of hear
say testimony that families were
told their childi-en would be killed,
their houses burned, if the men
didn’t go out. Large numbers of men
remained away from work because
they were afraid.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—Judge E.
H. Gary, chairman of the board of
the United Steel corporation, was
ready to submit to further question
: ing today when the senate labor
' committee resumed its investiga
tion of the controversies between
workers and employers in the steel
industry.
After conclusion of testimony by
Judge Gary, who yesterday told
the committee that the sole issue
in the present steel strike was that
involving the right of a man to
■work irrespective of union or non
union affiliation, the committee will
hear William Z. Foster, secretary
of the strikers’ committee.
Average Fay
The present average wage of un
skilled laborers of the corporation,
the •witness said, is $5 per day and
of the skilled 56.70.
“Under the open shop practice,”
he said, “the man is treated accord
ing to his merits.”
“How much do you pay superin
tendents?” asked Senator Kenyon.
“As high as $7,000 or SB,OOO a
year.”
“How many rollers have you at $32
/- a day?”
“I believe there’s only one, but
there are many at $29, S2B, and $27
a day."
“Ten or twelve?”
“Oh, more than that.”
“Is it not the fact that up to date
rolling mills are automatic,” senator
Phillips interposed, “and that the
roller’s main duty is to know that his
rolls are properly adjusted.”
. “You’re right,” said Judge Gary.
“Thme high pay is for his skill. None
of thes men perform manual labor.
He touches a button, or pulls a
lever.”
Berlin Asks Assembly
To Pay Damages of
Spartacan Rio t s
BERLIN, Oct. 2.—(By the Asso
ciated Press.) —It seemed the irony
of fate decreed that the first bill
submitted to the national assembly
upon its Berlin debut was a meas
ure providing reimbufsement and
. indemnification for losses growing
• out of Spartacan riots here last
winter. The debate resolved the
question of whether the nation or
. the local community would bear
the cost, which will aggregate ap
proximately sixty n Illion marks for
compensation and damages. The
bill was referred to a special -Rm
mission.
No ceremonies marked the advent
of the parliament to the former
reichstag building, but there was a
light sprinkling of armed guards
scattered about the premises and an
occasional machine gun might have
k been observed tucked away in some
corner. Konstantine Fahrenbach,
president of the national assembly,
MT welcomed the legislators back to
the “house dedicated to the repre
sentatives of the German people.”
GENERAL JULIAN S.
CARR, eommander of the de
partment army of Northern
Virginia, United Confederate
Veterans, who will be one of
the prominent (figures at the
U. C. V. reunion in Atlanta.
I s ~' LK
GENERAL CAWTO
BE DISTINGUISHED
REUNION VISITOR
»The Confederate reunion which
opens in Atlanta October 7 is going
to establish the high-water mark for
reunions held in this country, ac
cording to General Julian S. Carr,
Confederate veteran, commander of
the department army of northern
Virginia, and originator of Bull Dur
ham smoking tobacco and th ;
sack.
General Carr is seventy-four years
old, but he doesn’t look it. He was in
Atlanta Monday for a day, and will
return to the city on the morning
the reunion opens. He says that
“everybody in North Carolina” is
coming to the reunion, that the girls
he brings will be the prettiest girls
in the world, and that the youngest
man at the reunion will be no other
than General Julian ’S. Carr, aged
seventy-four.
This distinguished citizen of North
Carolina is distinguished of appear
ance. White-haired and immaculate
and with a broad, genial smile, a pe
rennial flower in his coat, and wear
ing gold glasses, General Carr is such
a man who can be singled out in a
great crowd. He numbers among his
friends some of the great men of
the south, and while he now holds
a string of offices and official posi
tions as long as his arm, he is giv
ing practically his entire time to the
men who were comrades of his dur
ing the war of the sixties.
Mexico Is Already
Stirred by Politics
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—Mexico
City has been greatly stirred, ad
vices received here through official
channels say. by the killing of a
Spaniard and two Mexican army of
ficers by officers of General Gonza
les’ forces, it is elleged, because the
three men expressed opposition to
the candidacy of Gonzales for pres
ident, to succeed Carranza.
BenitqyTorre, a prominent member
of the Spanish colony in Mexico City,
the dispatches assert, was killed in a
barroom in the capital for support
ing a bartender who had expressed a
desire of seeing General Obregon
elected over Gonzales to succeed Car
ranza. The two army officers are
said to have been killed by an of
ficer with the rank of general, a
partisan of Gonzales, for haying ex
pressed a similar desire near Puebla.
The dispatches add that the authori
ties have taken no action in either
case.
She Can’t Get By
S7E WILSW
NEW YORK—Elsie Wilson, 22,
cut her hair, donned sailor garb
and got a job as coal passer on
the transport Plattsburg, South
ampton to New York. But she
couldn’t get by eagle-eyed Ameri
can immigration inspeoctors. Four
times she has tried to smuggle her
way into the United States and
been sent back to England.
‘‘Things have gone on the blink -
the old country and I heard >o
much about the states that I
wanted to -tty it,” she told offi
cials.
GEORGE DEMES TD
PARLEY UNTI! MEN
GO BACjUO WORK
Premier Tells Labor Leaders
That He Will Not Re-open
Negotiations While the
' Strike Is On
LONDON, Oct. 1. —Premier Lloyd
George today informed the deputa
tion of transport workers who called
upon him as Intermediaries in the
railroad strike that it was impractic
able to continue negotiations until
the railroad men resumed work.’
Hopes had earlier been entertained
that a compromise ending the strike
might be reached.
While the delegates of the trans
port federation assembling today to
decide whether the 425,000 workers
they represented should go out in
sympathy with the striking railroad
men of Great Britain the govern
ment’s official report on the situa
tion, issued at noon, announced a
continued improvement in actual con
ditios.
William C. Adamson, chairman ot
the labor party in parliament, and
leader of the opposition there, has
telegraphed Prime Minister Lloyd
George asking that parliament be
summoned immediately.
Train Hervice Better
The train service had bene bet
tered, the communique asserted,
more than 800 trains having been
run yesterday, inclusive of those in
operation in the subway service. Ad
ditional railroad men had returned
to work, it was declared.
“Arrangements have been made to
replace the bus men and the tram
way men should they strike,” the
statement amfounced. It was added
the movement of food was proceed
ing remarkably well.
Anti-strike volunteers are constant
ly becoming more numerous. Many
sons from leading families are serv
ing as porters, watchmen and other
unskilled workers, declaring their
wish to help in the “defense of the
principle of constitutional govern
ment,” which they say is menaced
bylthe strike.
Increased restlessness is noticed
among the strikers. Complaining
against the government’s use of mil
itary guards, one branch of the rail
way union has issued an ultimatum
threatening to flood several tunnels
and call out the tunnel pumpers un
less the soldiers are withdrawn with
in forty-eight hours. The govern
ment, in a new statement, urged the
strictest economy and reiterated that
the food situation was satisfactory.
Coal Shortage Threatened
The pinch from the coal shortage
is tightening, however. A quarter of
a million workers are Idle In South
Wales and it is feared all the mines
will be forced to close today.
, Today the public is anxiously
awaiting the result of the statement
of J. H. Thomas, secretary of the
railway union, who declared:
“Hitherto we have refused the oth
er unions’ offers of help, but I am not
going to continue refusing. I have
been driven to this fight. My back is
against the wall.”
LONDON, Oct. 2. —Cabinet minis
ters are optimistic over the prospect
of a settlement of the railroad
strike, according to the political
correspondent of the Daily Mail, who
says they declared early this morn
ing the government would not re
cede from its determination not to
resume negotiations unless the men
first resume work, and remarked
that the fact that J. Ps Thomas,
leader of the National Union of
Railway Men, went to Downing
street while knowing of this con
dition, was, a most hopeful feature.
Leaders of the Transport Workers’
union and other labor oragnizations
are endeavoring to find away to
bring the railway men back and
have refrained from any threat to
extend the strike as a result of yes
terday’s conference. This, it is said,
is due to the fact that leaders of
the National Union of Railway Men
are trying to obtain from the gov
ernment an outline relative to the
subsequent wage negotiations which
they can lay before the men as a
reason for ordering them back to
their posts.
Notices were posted at Important
railroad centers yesterday, accord
ing to the Mail, stating the govern
ment has ordered that wages due
strikers for their last week’s work
will not be paid because the men
quit their posts without notice.
Hope that some means might be
found for reaching an understanding
with the government relative to the
railroad strike was expressed in a
statement issued this morning by J.
H. Thomas, secretary of the Na
tional Union of Railwa,y Men before
going to the conference with Pre
mier Lloyd George and other mem
bers of ''■? ministry.
“The position is such, I hope,” the
statement said, “that negotiations
will be resumed. Anything that may
hamper or prejudice it, or render
it more difficult to And a bridge to
the situation, which is becoming
more dangerous every hour, must be
avoided at, all costs. We are not
striking for striking’s sake, and we
will not prolong the dispute an hour
more than can be avojded. I hope to
go down to Downing street to give
effect to the same spirit in which I
am now speaking.”
Clothing Prices Reduced
By Large Manufacturer
Chicago, Sept. 29th.—Mr. Jas. D.
Bell, head of the Bell Tailors, Adams
at Green St., Chicago, 111., said to be
the largest made-to-measure clothing
establishment in the world, recently
stated that his firm is now able to
quote prices on Fall and Winter
suits 35 per cent below what others
ask. To prove his point, he showed
the writer a very attractive piece
of all wool cassimere for which they
ask only $20.00 a suit made to in
dividual measure, whereas the same
fabric is now being offered by mer
chants at $30,000 to $32,000 per suit.
Even larger savings are offered on
their higher priced suits. Every
reader of The Journal should write
Mr. Bell for his price list, and a
free copy of his style book No. 155,
which contains large cloth samples
of many beautiful patterns.— (Advt.)
ATLANTA, GA., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1919.
SENATE READY FOR
FIRST TEST VOTE
«PEACE TREATY
Some Senators Profess to
Believe That Pact Will Be
Finally Disposed of With
in Two Weeks
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—The sen
ate’s attitude on amendments to the
peace treaty was to be thoroughly
tested today.
By unanimous agreement, all of
Senator Fall’s proposed amendments
numbering more than thirty, were
to be voted on before midnight.
Administration leaders confidently
predicted defeat of every one.
All but one of Senator Fall’s
amendments provide for elimination
of the United States from member
ship on the many commissions, to
be appointed by' the principal powers
in some cases and by the League of
Nations in others, to settle boundary
questions and oversee plebiscites on
national adherence and similar politi
cal questions covered by the treaty.
The exception is his ametidment re
lating to the reparations commis
sion, which provides that the Ameri
can member of that body shall re
frain from voting upon any question
except the disposition of-German
shipping, unless and until he has
been specifically instructed by his
government to vote.
Under the agreement adopted late
yesterday, the senate begins at 2
p. m. operating under the five-min
ute rule which means that no sen
ator shall speak more than once nor
longer than five minutes on any one
amendment. Fall said today he will
not ask a record roll call on each
amendment, but will let them be dis
posed of, with some exceptions, by
the much speedier viva voce method.
Upon his first amendment, however,
and upon that relating to the repara
tions commission, he will ask roll
calls. The first amendment elimi
nates the United States from a Com
mission of seven set up to fix the
boundary line between Belgium and
Germany. .
Another development expected dur
ing the day was announcement by
Senator Hoke Smith, Democrat, Geor
gia, of his reservation program. He
has prepared a set of reservations,
which he planned to present in a
speech explaining why he believes
the treaty must carry reservations.
President Wilson’s condition was
unchanged, according to she last of
ficial statement issued by Qr. Cary
T. Grayson. Threatening weather to
day made It appear likely the presi
dent would have to forego his usual
automobile ride.
FRENCH COUNT IS
FLEECED OF SBOO,
HE TELLS POLICE
Count Max Frieman, a French
nobleman and a member of the fa
mous Rothchild family, wooed the
goddess of chance of Monte Carlo
and was fairly successful in his op
erations, but in Atlanta he acquired
additional experience at the cost ot
approximately SBOO, according to his
statement to the police on Thursday.
Count Frieman, who is something
of a globe-trotter and free lance,
claims to have been swindled out of
that sum by means of marked cards
and crooked dice, said implements be
ing used expertly by three men whose
identity is not known to the au
thorities.
As a result of the count’s com
plaint t othe police, L. B. Warren,
who gave his. address as Birmingham,
Ala., was placed under arrest, but
was later released on a cash bond of
SIOO. Two other men for whom the
police are searching are believed to
have left Atlanta for parts unknown.
The alleged swindle took place in
a local hotel, according to Count
Frieman, and when the officers went
to Warren’s room, they say they
found several decks of marked cards,
crooked dice and drills for boring the
little cubes.
General Who Reports
Italian Army and Navy
Are Joining D’Annunzio
? ■: LL?.- 3 •
General Peppino Garibaldi
General Peppino Garibaldi, who
has just arrived in Paris from
Fiume, reports that- the Italian
navy virtually has gone over to
D’Annunzio and that the army is
ready to follow. He says that un
less the peace conference decides
the Fiume controversy in favor of
Italy there will be a revolution.
Just how much of the discount
as propaganda Paris Peace Con
ference circles do not. know.
SEPTET OF ARGUS-EYED SLEUTHS PROTECTS OUR
CHIEF EXECUTIVE FROM CRANKS AND MALCONTENTS
. I I f » -aa.
'Vfy ta
. Wf a
* JarA C
The man on the running board of President W ilson’s machine is
Secret Service associates as “the most responsible man in America!”
McCanhill and Walter Ferguson, of the president’s guard, who seem
left flank. A false move in the crowd will bring seven of the “eagles’
befall the chief executive of the nation.
SENATE ASKS MU
MffIELUG;
CHARGEFIUBUSTER
WASHINGTON.—The senate unan
imously adopted Senator New’s reso
lution calling on President Wilson to
furnish all the facts concerning the
landig of American marines at Trau,
Dalmatia.
Adoption of the resolution follow
ed denunciation of Republicans by
administration leaders who charged
that a filibuster is being conducted
to delay the peace treaty in defi
ance of demands of the country.
They charged that Republicans
are “everlastingly prodding and
harassing” President Wilson, and
demanded t’ at such tactics cease.
In debate, which for bitterness
and heat has not been excelled in
the senate for a long time. Senators
Hitchcock and Swanson angrily de
clared that the Republican demand
for information on the landing of
American marines in Dalmatia has
been made the occasion for “condem
nation by senators of their own gov
ernment.”
Demands Action
The debate followed the calling up
by Senator New of his resolution re
questing the president to inform the
senate concerning the landing of ma
rines.
At the 'same time Representative
Campbell, Kansas, started an attack
in the house against the use of the
American forces on orders of foreign
ers.
Senator Hitchcock declared he is
willing to be “beaten” if only prompt
action can be had.
“There is a systematic filibuster
going on here to delay considera
tion of the treaty against the wishes
of the people,” Senator Hitchcock de
clared. “I am not protesting against
this resolution. But I am protest
ing against this everlasting disposi
tion to prod and annoy an adminis
tration that is doing its best to end
the war. I do not believe the sena
tors on that side are in sympathy
with the practice of constantly heck
ling and attacking the president. \Vi
ought to act on this treaty and act
on it even if it goes against what i
believe ought to be done.
Senator Hitchcock declared flatly
the American government has a rep
resentative on the supreme war coun
cil, but refused to name him when
Fall repeatedly asked who it is.
French Naval Base
At Fiume Is Closed;
Troops Leave at Once
PARIS, Oct. 2.—lt is announced the
French naval base at Fiume has been
closed and that the last French sol
diers and sailors will leave that port
on board the cruiser Condorcet to
day.
The situation in Hungary, upor.
which depends the negotiation of a
peace with that country is mud:
overshadowed by the Fiume compli
cations since the Italians are quit
patiently unwilling to take any ac
tion which might be offensive to
Rumania and a large portion of
French officialdom apparently is sup
porting the Italians in this inaction
As a result the British and American
members of the supreme council are
the only ones who are insisting tha'
Rumania must cease harassing Hun
gary so that a new government may
be established with which peace car.
be negotiated.
Frank L. Polk, the American
representative upon the supreme
council has repeatedly called the at
tention of that body to the Ruman
ian depredations.
Small Grocers Are
Relieved of Tax
Retail grocers who do a small
business in grain and other feed
stuff, appeared before the tax com
mittee city council Wednesday and
protested the special tax of $25 a
year wjiich had been imposed on
them.
JOHN W. BENNETT, prom
inent Waycross lawyer, whose
confirmation by the senate as
United States district attorney
for the Southern district of
Georgia is expected soon.
I
w jili
11|? w :
New District Attorney
Holds High Rank as
Lawyer and Citizen
WAYCROSS, Ga„ Oct. I.—John
Bennett, nominated •by President
Wilson to be district attorney for the
Southern district of Georgia. was
born September 15, 1865 in Wayne
county. His early education was in
a country school in his home county.
His father, John T. Bennett, still
lives in Wayne county and is eighty
four years old. In 1889 Mr. Bennett
was married to Miss Gertrude Price,
of Ludowici, Ga., and their union was
biassed with two sons and two
daughters. •
Mr. Bennett taught school and
’earned money with which to pay his
way through the state university
where he graduated in law in 1889.
He returned to his home county and
began the practice of law at Jesup,
and in 1891 was elected to the leg
islature and served with marked dis
tinction for four years. He moved to
Waycross in 1894 and was elected
solicitor general of the Brunswick
circuit to succeed William G. Brant
ley serving in this capacity for
twelve years.
Soon after coming to Waycross, he
formed a partnership with Colonel L.
A. Wilson. Colonel Bennett has been
very successful in the practice of
law and easily ranks as one of the
ablest advocates in the state. He
was appointed on the board of trus
tees of the University of Georgia bv
Governor Terrell and has remained
a member continuously ever since.
He ’ has rendered signal service to
bis state and the city of Waycross
as a lawyer and citizen.
Palmer Defines Food
Hoarding Measure
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—ln a defi
nition of hoarding as prohibited by
the food control act, Attorney Gen
eral Palmer gave notice today that
the law prohibits accumulations ot
foodstuffs by an individual, firm or
corporation in excess of seasonal re
quirements and prohibits accumula
tions by a dealer in excess of the
reasonable requirements of his busi
ness for a reasonable time.
The law specifically authorizes the
attorney general held, the reasonable
accumulation of stocks during a
period of flush production in order
to meet the reasonable requirements
of a period of scant or product.
“Joe” Murphy, known to his
Behind the machine are Miles
to have sensed danger on their
’ swooping into action lest harm
GRAVES THREITEK
BREAK WITHRUSSIfI!
HOLOSJIPfiIFIES
OMSK, Tuesday, Sept. 23. (By the
Associated Press.) —Major-General
Graves, commander of the American
forces in Siberia, in retaliation for
the alleged scurrilous articles pub
lished in a Vladivostok newspaper
and hostile acts of Cossack chiefs
in the Far East, has held up a ship
ment of 14,000 rifles which recently
arrived in Vladivostok ‘from Amer
ica consigned to the,All-Russian gov
ernment at Omsk.
Giving notice of his action by tel
egraph, General Graves, in direct and
forceful language, declares he will
personally cause the arrest of the
offending editor and suppression of
the newspaper, the Golos Rodini, un
less the Omsk government does so.
He asserts further that unless the
activity of the Cossack chiefs is con
trolled he will recommend that Amer
ica refuse to render further as
sistance to Russia. General Graves
says he will retain the arms until
advised as to what action the Omsk
governmene proposes to take.
In replying, the Omsk government
says in its view the subject consti
tutes a diplomatic, and not a mili
tary problem, which should be ap
proached through recognized diplo
matic channels, and that the govern
ment there awaits a communication
from the state department at Wash
ington. It says that, “not wishing to
to formulate any recriminations, it
will not enter Into an argument
which might impair the lively sym
pathy which it believes has beers
awakened in America for the cause
of Admiral Kolchak.”
In respect to the holding up of the
shipment of rifles, astonishment is
expressed by the government that
local troubles in the Far East, which
the government regards as an inter
national problem, and not a purely
Russian one, “should impel General
Graves to take steps which might
jeopardize a more far-reaching and
more vital undertaking, namely, the
suppression of Bolshevism, at the
critical moment when Siberian troops
are conducing a successful offensive.”
It is pointed out that General
Graves’ course is “peculiarly aston
ishing in view of the fact that the
rifles were bought and paid for by
the Russian government.”
The threatened suppression of the
newspaper, it is declared, could con
ceivably be construed as a matter
subject to American military jurisdic
tion.
He’s Executive Head
Os Big Steel Strike
’ T J
&
UQHrf FJTZPATJVCK
CHICAGO—This is a new pic
ture of John Fitzpatrick, organ
izer of the big steel strike, made
in Chicago just after he was elect
ed president of the Chicago Fed
eration of Labor for the fifteenth
consecutive term.
5 CENTS A COPX.
$1.25 A YEAR.
HOKE SMITH DEFERS
1 RESERVATIONS TO
TREAH OF PEACE
Georgia Senator Convinced
Ratification Without
Change Is Impossible and
Seeks Compromise
The Atlanta Journal New* Bureau,
«83 Riggs Building.
BY THEODOBE TILLEB
WASHINGTON, Oct. 2.—Seeking*
compromise agreement on the League
of Nations covenant, Senator Hoke
Smith presented in the senate this
afternoon seven reservations to the
pact. The senator in a brief speech
announced his opposition to amend
ments of the treaty proper, but said
he favored “reservations clarifying
the meaning of portions of the cove
nant, and in some instances clarify
ing and restricting the language of
the covenant as I construe it, in its
application to the United States.”
Seator Smith introduced his res
ervations after a series of confer
ences, extending over the past two
weeks, with various Democrats and
some of the Republican “mild reser
vationists.” He hopes these reserva
tions may be the basis of arj agree
ment between administration Demo
crats and mild reservationists of tha
majority party, so that the covenant
may be adopted with changes not so
radical as those proposed by sena
tors of the Johnson, Bonpi and Fall
type.
Senator Smith said he was opposed
to changes in the actual treaty with
Germany, which would require it*
resubmission, but believed there
should be modifications of the league
covenant, which would not have to
go back to Germany because that
nation is not a party to it.
Compromise Necessary
The Georgia senator also expressed
the belief which is growing here and
which was forecast recently in these
dispatches to The Journal, namely,
that the league covenant cannot be
adopted without change and it is a
question as to whether Democrats or
Republicans virtually take charge of
the situation in the senate.
“It is hardly necessary,” said Sen
ator Smith in presenting the reserva
tions, “to call the attention of the
senators to the fact that the treaty
cannot be ratified in is present form.
Instead of receiving the required
two-thirds vote for ratification,
there seems little doubt that more
nearly two-thlrds are convinced it
should notbe ratified anti would vot<
against ratification. I desire to
the treaty ratified, but I believ
reservations should be made and ca’
upon all senators to aid in perfect
ing reservations, that we may ratif’
the treaty as soon as possible.
“I know it has been urged that th*
entire treaty and league covenant
should be ratified and amendments
and corrections made afterwards.
Thia would be dangerous and imprac
ticable. We should not bind this
country by doubtful language or ob
jectionable provisions trusting to so
uncertain a means of future correc
tion. This is the time to make clear
what we mean and what we are will
ing to do. Great Britain and France
can approve and the reservation will
be passed on practically as a supple
ment to the covenant.’
Senator Smith said it would be
“foolish to claim shat the league is
a guarantee against war.”
“It may help preserve peace,” he
added, “but it could not be hoped
that it would help if its very pro
visions left a certainty of, dispute
among its (members as to what it
meant.”
Gist of Reservations
The seven reservations of Senator
Hoke Smith summarized are as fol
lows:
Explicit reaffirmation of the Mon
roe doctrine and declination to sub
mit anything it involves to arbitra
tion or inquiry by the league.
Express stipulation that there shall
be no moral obligation under Article
10 that this country shall undertake
to preserve the territorial integrity
of any foreign country. Further
more, that the employment of either
economic or military measures fdr
the protection of any other country
shall be specifically left to a deci
sion of the congress.
That the United States shall ac
cept no mandates without action by
congress.
That the reparations Commission
shall not interfere with exports of
this country—such as raw materials
—to Germany unless such inter
ference is agreeable to the United
States.
That the senate shall confirm per
sons appointed to any of the posi
tions created under the treaty.
That in event of this country’s de
sire to withdraw from the league, it
shall be the sole judge of whether
it has fulfilled its obligations and
congress by concurrent resolution
may give notice of withdrawal.
A reservation that neither the
league assembly nor council may
take action relating to the internal
affairs of the United States, such
as the tariff, immigration, commerce
and coastwise traffic.
To Equalize Voting Powers.
Although Great Britain is not sin
gled out by name, Senator Smith
proposes a reservation in effect to
equalize the six to one representa
tion Great Britain has in the league
assembly. He would stipulate that
when any dispute arises between
members of the league, the dispute
shall be considered to embrace both
colonies and dominions, as well as
the principal nation, and the entire
aggregation shall be excluded from
voting. For instance, should there
be a dispute between the United
States and Australia, Great Britain
could not cast her six votes while
the United States cast one, but the
dispute would be regarded as affect
ing all, and exclusion from voting
would follow.
Senator Smith informed the senate
that he would discuss his reserva
tions at length later. Some of the
reservations, he said, were some
what similar to those suggested by _
Senators McCumber and Kellogg,
who are “mild. reservationists.”
Senator McCumber, it will be recall
ed, bolted his Republican colleagues
on the foreign relations committee
and assailed the report filed by Sen
ator Lodge.
In offering his modifications to the
covenant, Senator Smith told the sen
ate the thing now is to agree on
reservations, have these
(Continued on Page 6, Column 4)