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THE SEMI WEEKLY JOURNAL
—N
ATLANTA, GA., 5 NORTH FORSYTH ST.
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THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL. Atlapta, Ga.
Saving Georgia Millions
In II 7 as ted Farm Products
SEASONABLY directing attention to the
large losses sustained through the
improper harvesting and storing of
crops, the Georgia State Bureau of Markets
hi its latest weekly bulletin urges the farm
ers to take more thought of these matters
this autumn and winter. “After you have
spent six months of continuous toil to pro
duce the crops,’’ it says, “you should not
omit any possible effort to protect them so
that they may be conserved and carried safe
ly through the winter months.”
Due treed to this good counsel will save
Georgia millions of dollars’ worth of farm
products which ordinarily go to waste or de
cay. Last year, as many a planter dismally
recalls, thousands of tons of peanuts rotted
in the fields; and how regrettably frequent it
has been to find big quantities of sweet pota
toes spoiled for lack of curing! So with
divers kinds of foodstuffs, while the cottom
crop itself loses a co .siderable part of its
valqe as a result of exposure to rain and fire
and through careless handling.
In many of these cases the remed- is easily
within the individual fariner’s reach. Do
mestic canneries and home-made curing
plants can save and convert intc cash assets
hundreds upon hundreds of thousands of
dollars’ worth of vegetables, fruits and po
tatoes which usually count for nothing; and
other large sums' can be saved by following
the simple suggestions which the Market
Bureau or the Department of Agriculture will
gladly give anyone seeking its advice on har
vesting and storing.
There are certain larger needs, however,
which require more facilities and ofttimes
more capital than the individual can well
command—such needs, for example, as only
a cold storage and packing plant or com
modious, well equipped warehouses can ade
quately meet. These are community needs
calling for liberal enterprise and co-operation.
They must be looked after if the common in
terests of the county and also of the State are
rightly to be subserved. Wherever they are
lacking, business and agricultural leaders
should counsel together, and take steps to
provide these accommodations and services
without which millions are wasted and won
derfully rich opportunities left undeveloped.
The State Fair and Others.
WITH the close of Atlanta’s grea’
Southeastern Fair, Macon gets un
derway with her Georgia State Fail
and Albany launches the Albany-South Geor
gia Fair. Others are to follow in rapid suc
cession, some cities having several under
way simultaneously. Numerous fairs pre
cede the Southeastern in Atlanta and others
follow it.
Georgia makes no better investment than
the money put into this great chain of annual
showing the resources of the State
and the Southeastern section. Their growing
attendance, growing exhibits and growing
prize lists abundantly demonstrate the fact
that public interest instead of waning is on
the increase.
They give the progressive farmer a val
uable impetus to more intensive effort along
scientific lines. The pick of his fields and
gardens placed on exhibition against the prize
crops of his neighbor may bring him a sub
stantial money prize to reward his labor. If
he does not win a prize he gets the stimulus
of competition, meets and mingles with other
farmers of his type who are looking forward
and striving to excel, acquires new idea's and
goes home determined to return next year
with an improved exhibit.
Divestock raising no doubt would” be still
an infant industry in Georgia were it not for
the immense encouragement it has received
from the annual fairs. A young south Geor
gian who operates his farm on strictly busi
ness lines shipped a carload of registered cat
tle to Atlanta and won five hundred dollars
in prizes at the Southeastern Fair. His win
nings more than paid his expenses. From
here he shipped his cattle to the State Fair
at Macon with the expectation of winning
again. Before they get home his cattle will
be seen and admired by hundreds of farmers,
and some of them will go into the business
of replacing scrubs with thoroughbreds.
A chain of big fairs offering big cash
prizes for cattle exhibits make it attractive
for the farmer to invest in good stock and
give them good attention. He can afford to
ship them a distance and put them in a show
if winnings pay his transportation expenses.
The stimulus of competition not only makes
him a better breeder with heightened en
thusiasm, but his cattle on exhibit enlist the
interest of other farmers.
Tn an equal measure has the swine indus
try derived a benefit from Georgia’s fairs. At
nearly every show in any part of the State are
boy exhibitors of thoroughbred hogs. These
youngsters buy a registered pig, give per
sonal attention to its raising, draw on their
savings to ship it to a fair, and gleefully win
a ribbon with a cash prize attached. Then
they go home and sell their pigs at a hand
some iirofit to be re-invested the following
year in a pen of registered pigs. Thus the
swine industry multiplies and expands in
arithmetical progression.
In two more years the cattle tick will be
eradicated from Georgia, according to the
plans of the state veterinarian, Dr. Peter F.
Bahnsen. The completion of this work will
remove the last obstacle to the development
of the the cattle industry and leave the road
clear to unlimited progress. In another
ten years there ought to be produced nearly
enough cattle in Georgia to feed the State.
Eradication of hog cholera is more difficult
and expensive, but the work is going forward
gradually and surely.
Good luck and good weather to every fair
in Georgia! We cannot have an over-supply.
One- in every coftnty would not be too many.
They mark the milestones of progress in
Georgia’s advance toward agricultural su
premacy.
The Farmer's Side.
“It takes four and a half bushels of
wheat to make a barrel of flour. The
wheat raiser gets about $8.37 for the
wheat, the miller $12.70, the baker
$58.70, and the hotel keeper, as it is
doled out in thin slices, $587.”
“Who profits most?” you ask after reading
the foregoing extract from a speech by Sena
tor Capper, of Kansas, discussing the farmer’s
side of the high cost of living. The conclu
sion that the farmer isn’t a profiteer is as
inevitable as the question is natural. In
deed, Senator Capper insists that the farmer
is actually the loser. It is his judgment that
the method of distribution is at fault, and in
this he may be partly correct.
But the public, while agreeing that the
farmer's price is fair enough in these days
of costly living, will experience/difficulty in
charging to distribution the difference be
tween what the farmer receives for his wheat
and what the hotel man gets for his bread,
if Senator Capper’s estimate is correct.. Os
course, relatively little of the wheat raised
by the farmer is doled out in slices of bread
at hotels, so that only the price received by
the miller for the flour and the baker for the
bread really merits consideration.
Unfortunately. Senator Capper didn’t give
any details as to the overhead expenses and
labor costs of either he miller or the baker,
so there is no way of reaching from his state
ment a fair decision vith respect to the act
ual profits of either baker or miller. Un
questionably, the cost of handling the wheat
after it leaves the farm is a considerable
item and it is equally true that the expenses
of milling are considerable, following which
there is further cost of distributing the flour
and the additional expense of baking, follow
ed again by another charge for distributing
the bread. The miller has a heavy overhead
charge in the matter of interes on his in
vestment, wear and tear on his machinery,
possible rent, taxes, power and labor. In like
manner, the baker has a heavy overhead and
a proportionately large labor charge.
But it does seem that between the farmer’s
$8.57 for the wheat. nd the baker’s $58.70
for the bread there is a wide margin that can
not be laid entirely to the method of distri
bution. Certainly, as Mr. Capper contends,
if the farmer is losing money on the cereal
somebody who handles the product is at least
satisfied, if not well pleased, with the profits.
The Kansan thinks the government propa
ganda that is designed to bear down the price
of farm products should cease forthwith, and
that the government should seek to broaden
the field and demand for farm products by
lifting the embargo on wheat and wheat
flour to Europe, by extending credits to
European nations and by lowering the ocean
freight rates.
If the embargo were lifted, European cred
its arranged and ocean rates lowered, un
questionably the increased demand would be
reflected in increased prices for farm prod
ucts, but what would become of the Ameri
can consumers?
Would not the discrepancy that Mr. Cap
per notes .n the prices received by the farm
er for his wheat and e baker for his bread
in all probability remain in the same rela
tion?
The New Turn m the Fight
On the Peace Treaty
DEFEATED thus far at every turn in
their attempts to kill the Peace
Treaty by amendment, Senator Lodge
and his followers are now intriguing to kill
it by reservation. Every cut and patch which
they proposed to make in the Treaty’s text
has been voted down overwhelmingly, not
withstanding the indorsement of the major
ity of the Foreign Relations Committee and
hectic assertions that by no other means
could American sovereignty be vouchsafed.
A month ago the obstructive Senators were
unbending in their insistence that anything
short of outright and sweeping changes in
the compact itself, and particularly in the
the Covenant of the League of Nations, would
be a betrayal or at least a grievous compro
mise of the nation’s independence; and with
bitterness born of their petty enmity towards
the President, they denounced the great work
of the Paris conference unsparingly.
But now, inconsistently enough, they are
ready to ratify, provided they can hedge the
Treaty about with reservations of their own
framing. If they were right in their recent
contentions, they ought not to accept this
agreement in any circumstances. That they
will not suffer it to go into effect with its
manifold blessings to the world if by hook
or crook they can prevent it, is now evident.
They are also determined to accomplish by
reservation that in which they failed alto
gether by amendment, namely, the distortion
and disruption of the Treaty to such an ex
tent that it will be unacceptable to our as
sociates in the late war and to all other nations
as well. Succeeding in that, they will then
move for a separate peace with Germany, and
thus isolate America from her best friends
and her highest interests.
But they will not succeed if there is any
virtue in public opinion and any true discern
ment in the majority of "the United States
Senate. Reservations offered by friends of
the Treaty for the sincere purpose of clarify
ing doubtful passages and safeguarding
hazardous points will be permissible; but for
those offered merely to embarrass the Pres
ident or to force a final rejection of the
pact, there can be no shadow of defense.
Our Growing Land l alues.
Impressed by a forecast that the country's
next census will show an increase of not less
than a million farms as well as a pronounced
advance in agricultural land value, the Al
bany Herald looks into conditions in Geor
gia and finds them well abreast of the nation
al trend. Os its own territory it says:
“Farm lands in this beautiful agricul
tural section are passing into the hands
of purchasers who appreciate the unique
combination of a fertile soil and equable
climate, and improved methods and a
system of diversified crops are being in
troduced. Within the past four or five
years South Georgia has been rapidly
developing into a live stock country,
and this is attracting the attention Os
stockraisers in other sections less favored
for live stock, particularly hogs and cat
tle.”
Our contemporary touches an important
factor in the steadily advancing values of
Georgia lands when it refers to diversified
crops' and animal husbandry. Not until
these lines of developing were entered upon
were the range and wealth of our farm re
sources in any wise duly appreciated by
homeseekers and investors in the country at
large, nor indeed by our own people. So long
as the State was put down as a specialist on
cotton, with little or no future in other fields
of agricultural production, there naturally
was scant demand for its farm sites by plant
ers in other regions who Wished to raise
food staples. Georgia not only found her
self, but also was found by others when this
one-crop tyranny was thrown off.
But there are factors of another kind that
will do more than thes« material improve
ments to increase land values and attract de
sirable citizens. We mean the upbuilding ot
schools, the extension of educational service
in general, and the betterment of highways.
It is through such facilities that the
richer side of a people’s character finds ex
pression and development; and character,
after all, is the one source of true wealth.
THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA. TUESDAY, OCTOBER 28, 1919.
BELLS OF PEACE—By Frederic J. Haskin
WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 22.—A bell
tower three hundred feet high, which
will ring sweet music from fifty
metal throats in eternal commemoration of
the return of peace, is the latest idea for a
peace memorial to be erected in Washington.
This bell tower project is being pushed by
the Arts Club of Washington. One of its
leading sponsors is William Gorham Rice,
who has made a life study of bell music in
general, and especially of carillons, as the
great tower chimes are called. It is intend
ed to raise five million dollars for building
the tower, for making the bells, and for pro
viding a bellmaster of the highest skill to play
and teach this new kind of music in America.
The promoters of the project, who are many
and of high repute, say that there will be no
trouble at all about the five million.
“What is five million dollars in America?”
said one of them. “We can raise it with ease.
Os course, we could build and maintain a
tower and carillon for a great deal less; but
if America is going to have a bell tower at
all, it must be the greatest bell tower in the
world. This bell tower will be the highest in
the world, it will have more bells than any
iYiier in the world, and it will be played by
the greatest bellmaster in the world.
“It is said that the music of the carillon is
the sweetest that can be played, and it is a
music which carries for miles and miles.
Hundreds of thousands can hear it at once.
And it cannot be confined —no one can be
charged a price for hearing it. It is the true
music of democracy.”
This carillon project is full of beautiful
sentiments like that. The carillon originated
and reached its finest development in Bel
gium and in Holland, so that this bell to»vei
which it is proposed to erect in Washington
will be in some sort a tribute to Belgium and
to Belgian heroism. Again, the bell towei,
say those who know, is a sybol of democracy.
The first ones were built in those dark ages
when common men first dared to strike
against the oppressions of their overlords.
They were then merely the means ot calling
people together. Gradually they grew in size
and the'wonderful musical properties of bells
were discovered and developed. First came
the chime, then the carillon.
For a carillon, it should be understood, is
a mammoth musical instrument upon
any sort of music may be played.
from forty to fifty bells and each of these has
several clappers or strikers, operated J
power. The carillon is played like an organ
from a room below the belfry, and has a
keyboard like an organ or piano.
In Belgium and Holland nearly every town
and city has its carillon, usually located in a
tower near the center of the city and often
in the market place. The bellmaster is a
municipal officer, usually a musician of high
attainments, and one of the most valued and
respected of civil servants.
The bell towers usually play a few bars of
music at the hour, the half-hour and the
quarter-hour. This is done by machinery and
does not require an attendant. But at regu
lar inteiVals, usually about once a week, a
concert is held and the bellmaster renders a
regular musical program. It is said that
thirty thousand people often gather to hear
Josef Denyn, the famous Belgian master of
the carillon at Mecklin, Belgium. He is the
man whom the promoters of the scheme nope
to bring to America and place in charge of
their bells of peace.
Some of these European bell towers are
very old. The one at Ghent, for example,
rang in 1814 to celebrate the making of peace
between the United States and Great Britain
after the war of 1812, and it was planned to
• WINTER PLAGUES
——
By H. Addington Bruce
IN this part of ‘he world colds, influenza,
pneoumonia. and tuberculosis may fair
ly be termed the great winter plagues.
To be sure, they are of all-the-year-round oc
currence. But winter is their time of great
est frequency, and for a special reason.
One and all they are germ-caused diseases,
transmitted chiefly by air-borne infection
from man to man, and virulent in proportion
to the vitality of the persons to whom they
are transmitted. When the vitality is low the
germ virulence is high, when the vituallty
is high the germ virulence is low.
And. unfortunately, winter conditions
tend to provide a particularly favorable
field for air-borne germ action.
In winter people herd together than
in summer, thereby increasing liability to in
fection by personal contact. Still worse,
when winter comes many people lead Hyes
necessarily lowering their vitality, and as a
consequence making infection more danger
ous to them.
If they did not do this —if they were more
awake to the importance of keeping their vi
tality high—these diseases now so dreaded
would become almost negligible. For infec
tion .would then produce mild reactions, in
contrast to the severe reactions shown by ad
dicts to vitality-lowering habits.
Among such habits none is of graver im
port than the combination of overeating with
underexercising.
In winter the body unqeustionably needs
more heat-producing foods than in summer.
But not a few people begin to gorge the mo
ment fall sets in. They overeat all winter.
And they cease almost altogether—if not al
together—the outdoor activities of the sum
mer months.
That is to say, they not merely overload
their stomachs,continually, but they fail to
aid digestion as they would by exercise. The
inevitable result is a congestion and clogging
of the whole system.
Congestion—which means a poisoning in
compatible with any high degree of bodily
vitality—is further promoted by the common
custom of overheating the air of winter
homes and working places; of, indeed, living
and working in rooms where the air. besides
being too hot, is far too dry and too stale.
Fresh air can never be justly incriminated
as a cause of winter plagues. Its opposite,
however, is again and again a contributory
cause, because of the lowering effects of stale
air on the vitality.
Likewise lowering to the vitality is the
prevalent practice of overdressing during the
winter.
Common sense dictates that warmer cloth
ing should be worn when cold weather comes.
But it is one thing to dress warmly and quite
another to dress in clothing that is unduly
heavy and unduly tight. This is an error
into which multitudes fall.
Many, for that matter, wear clothing so
heavy and cumbersome that they cannot
walk in it comfortably. Which affords them
an excuse—and one they are perhaps only
too willing to accept—for not exercising.
Or if they exercise as they should, yet per
sist in wearing clothes that are too heavy,
they incessantly become overheated, and as
a sequel are likely to suffer from frequent
colds, perhaps from something worse.
I have known more than one man who
shed a cold-catching habit with the shedding
of an overcoat so heavy that he perspired
over-freely whenever he took a walk.
These are only a few of the faulty winter
habits that predispose to winter plagues.
They are, however, among the most signifi
cant, and their correction will go far toward
securing the immunity so much to be desired.
(Copyright, 1919, by the Associated News
papers)
hold a centennial celebration of this event
there in 1914, but the world war interfered.
The use of the carillon spread from Bel
gium and Holland to France, Italy and finally
to England, where the carillon in recent years
has become very popular. The English bell
founders are now recognized as the best in
the world, and it is with an English firm,
which has been making bells for several gen
erations, that the promoters of the American
project are now in correspondence. They
asked for an estimate and received one which
they rejected on the ground that it was too
modest. The English bellmakers are now
understood to be preparing an estimate for a
carillon greater than any now in existence.
It will have fifty-four bells, which is said to
be two more than any existing carillon con
tains. Its largest bell will weigh over 12,000
pounds and will probably be the greatest bell
in existence, while the smallest will perhaps
weigh not more than twenty pounds.
It should not be imagined that the music
of the carillon is a sort which it takes much
education to appreciate. All kinds of tunes
are played on the big bells, popular as well
as classical. When President Wilson was
touring Belgium, Josef Denyn played at a
special carillon concert in his honor at Meck
lin, and there “The Star Spangled Banner”
was played on a carillon probably for the first
time. Those who heard it say that the great
bells made the national song more impressive
than ever did a brass band.
In order to make this a true memorial of
the war as well as of peace, the promoters of
the idea are asking all of the allied govern
ments to contribute some material connected
with the war to be used on the construction
of the tower. Thus Belgium is expected to
contribute some stones from the great cathe
drals which were shattered by German guns.
A bill has been introduced in congress appro
priating copper and brass salvaged from
European battlefields for use in the making of
the bells. This, however, is more of a senti
mental notion than a practical expedient, as
the metals used in the bells must be of ihe
purest, and it is not known whether the war
relics will serve the purpose.
In order to make the memorial a truly na
tional one, the money will be raised by popu
lar subscription as far as possible, though it
is hinted that money is also forthcoming in
large chunks. Every state in the union, the
District of Columbia. Porto Rico, the Philip
pine Islands and Hawaii will each be asked
to raise money for the making of one bell, so
that every part of America will be repre
sented
The most important phase of the project is
that it represents an attempt to play in Amer
ica for the first time good n<usic which is
accessible to all. Os this heretofore we have
had very little. In most European countries
the highest musical ability is to be heard in
concerts which are free, or which may be
heard for very low prices. Even in Latin-
America, in the turbulent little countries of
the West Indies and Central America, nearly
every city has its band of genuine merit under
a competent director, which plays weekly in
the plaza. You can hear better music free in
San Juan, Porto Rico, than you can in Chi
cago. All of the best musical ability in this
country is tied up by the big opera companies
and sold at from one to fifteen dollars a seat.
Our democratic ideals do not extend to music.
The carillon will furnish a sort of music
which cannot be capitalized, incorporated or
sold. The promoters believe that if one is
erected at the national capital, other cities
will promptly follow suit, and the great bells
will raise popular music to a new level in
America.
GENERAL AMNESTY
By Dr. Frank Crane
There are in the United States, according
to the statistics of Norman Thomas, some
1,500 men and women in jail or under
indictment for violation of the espionage
law or for refusal to do military service.
None of these are accused of being spies
or of acting for foreign governments. (Such
convictions have lx-en under the Federal
penal code.)
They are all Americans, and have been
sentenced to prison for sentences running
as high as twenty years.
Their crime at bottom was simply loyalty
to unpopular convictions.
Perhaps it may have been right to confine
them, because as a minority they interfered
with the carrying on of the war which the
majority of us thought ought to be prose
cuted. That question we do not discuss
here.
The point is this. Whether rightfully or
wrongfully imprisoned, is the prison the best
place for them now?
Granting, for the sake of argument, that
these folks are all dangerous citizens, the
issue I would raise is, are they more dan
gerous in jail or out of jail?
Let us see.
In jail every one of them becomes a cen
ter of passionate protest. Each is a living
example, in the eyes of his followers, of gov
ernmental tryanny. Out of jail all that these
people could do would be to talk.
Would they tend to encourage Bolshevism,
if let out?
I am not afraid of a Bolshevist who talks,
so much as of one who is locked up and
prevented from talking. His gab is only
foolish; his confinement is tragic and elo
quent.
If Gene Debs ever did any harm he is
doing ten times as much now. The thous
ands of men and women who see in him a
passionate symbol, when at the age of sixty
four he is sentenced to ten long years in the
penitentiary, are moved by nothing but “cap
italistic” oppression, ten times more than
they would be moved by anything he might
say if he edited a paper or mounted a soap
box.
' I am free to say that when the mouthing
Red asserts that this war was for the cap
italists and that the government is a tool of
Wall Street and that our soldiers were fools
to fight, it riles me and I think they are
crazy; but if thereupon I proceed to beat
them up or put them in the calaboose, I
immediately reverse the condition; it is I
whj am crazy.
The thing to do with all this Bolshevist
propaganda is to let it alone. Nothing can
cure it but intelligence and education.
A thousand dollars spent in providing a
decent public school for a Bolshevik’s child
is better than ten thousand dollars spent in
catching, jailing and hanging the Bolshevik
himself.
(Copyright, 1919, by Frank Crane.)
HOW CHEOPS BROKE A STRIKE
(Answers, London).
Labor strikes are not the product of the last
hundred years, as some people think. They
were frequent even in the earliest recorded
days.
One of the greatest strikes that the world
has ever known occurred in Egypt in the reign
of Cheops several thousand years before the
Christian era.
Cheops ordered a great pyramid to be built
in his honor, and while it was in course of
construction it is aid that 50,000 workmen
downed tools and refused to continue the
work.
The reason they gave was that the food with
which they were furnished was insufficient
in quantity and poor in quality.
The contractors tried arguing with them, and
when that failed soldiers were ordered to drive
the strikers back to work. Many .housands
of them were cut to nieces, while a certain
number escaped and fled the country.
The others were compelled to resume their
work.
CURRENT EVENTS OF INTEREST
Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch,
former commander-in-chief of the Russian
army whose whereabouts since the Russian
Revolution have been problematical, is re
ported now to have been living since last
February on Prinkipo Island in the Sea of
Marmora between European and Asiastic
Turkey. The report, which comes from private
sources in Constantinople, states that the
duke’s wife, the Grand Duchess Anastasia
and her father, the King of Montenegro, are
also on th island.
The Duke of Brabant, heir apparent to the
throne of Belgium, who is now touring this
country with King Albert and Queen Eliza
beth, wants to finish his education in the
United States. He is eager to secure a de
gree from one of the great American univer
sities.
Sherley and Edna Luikhart, the two little
children whose mother poisoned them by
giving them bichloride of mercury because
she felt they interfered with her ambition for
the stage, and whose fight for life in a Chi
cago hospital attracted the attention and
sympathy of the nation, are now assured of
recovery. They were so much better this
week that Dr. Carter, the eminent poison
specialist, who volunteered his services for
the children when he heard their story, took
them for a ride in his big car and bought ice
cream and other dainties for the little girls.
The children constantly ask for their mother,
and theii' father, Roy Luikhart, who expects
to return to his home in Detroit soon, will
permit her to rejoin the family when physi
cians declare that she is recovered from the
temporary aberration that led her to poison
the children.
The United States supreme court in effect
held that states can seize and sell food held
in cold storage longer than the period pro
vided by state laws when it decided last
week to hear the case brought by the Co
lumbus Packing company against the state
of Ohio. The decision settles the constitu
tionality of the Smith coldstorage act of
Ohio, which limits storage to six months.
The case was the first appeal of the packing
interests against the new laws passed in
several states limiting cold storage periods
to help reduce the cost of living.
The All Russian government has express
ed to the United States its regret and indig
nation over the flogging of an American
soldier, Corporal Benjamin Sperling, by
General Kalmikoff’s Cossacks. The govern
ment in its communication deplored the act
as that of irresponsible officers who were
taking advantage of the unrest in the Far
East to avenge their personal grievances.
The government is awaiting a report from
Minister of Justice Telberg, who is visiting
Eastern Siberia and investigating the case
to determine what further steps may be
necessary.
The largest financial undertaking by
American bankers since the end of the war.
has been announced by J. P. Morgan & Co.
They will float a $250,000,000 loan for the
British government. The loan will be in
the form of three and ten-year securities to
retire the outstanding bonds of about
$135,000,000 British government 5% per
cent notes maturing November 1. The rest
of the issue will be made available to Brit
ish merchants in this country to whom the
government may sell dollar exchange,
honorary commander of the Missouri branch
King Albert of Belgium has been made
of the American Legion. The king was pre
sented with an enlarged gold sac-simile of
the legion’s emblem on board the royal spe
cial just after it left Emporia, Kan., Tues
day. At Malverno, Kan., the king received a
cheque for $25,000, presented to him by a
Kansas City banker in behalf of Henry
Laird, of Kansas City. Mr. Laird, who is
more than 70 years old, announced when he
heard that the King of the Belgians was
coming to the U. S. that he was going to
give just as much as he was able to relieve
the suffering of the war widows of the
nation and followed this up with the cheque
for $25,000.
Increase in the price of coal since the issu
ance of the caU to all bituminous miners to
strike November 1 has been placed in effect
all over the country, according to reports
received at the international headquarters in
Indianapolis of the United Mine Workers of
America.
A statement issued from the union head
quarters says the consumer Is being forced to
pay as much as a dollar more a ton for coal
now than a week ago.
Alfred T. Ringling, the millionaire circus
owner, head of the firm of Ringling Brothers,
which, since 1906, when it purchased the
Forepaugh-Sells circus, had been recognized
as the dominating influence in the tented
show business on this continent, died last
w’eek of heart filure on his big estate at Oak
Ridge, N. J. He was fifty-six years old. His
wife and one son, Richard, survive him.
Os the seven brothers who, from the hum
blest beginnings in 1882, rose to become the
circus men in America, only two,
John and Charles, are left.
Performance of German opera in New \ ork
has been suspended temporarily, at least, fol
lowing riotous protests of New York citizens.
The report of Admiral Lord Jellicoe con
cerning the naval defense of the Far East
has been laid upon the table of the Aus
tralian House of Representatives. Admiral
Jellicoe, who has been making a tour of the
British dominions and dependencies to con
sider plans for their naval defense, says in
the report that the naval interests of the
British Empire will probably demand within
the next five years a strong Far Eastern fleet,
comprising vessels of the Royal Navy, the
East Indian squadron, and the Australian,
Canadian, and New Zealand navies.
Admiral Jellicoe estimates the annual cost
of the Far Eastern fleet at £19,750,000.
“The greatest horse ever bred in Ameri
ca” is the way in which competent judges,
describe Man o’ War, the two-year-old colt
belonging to Samuel Riddle. Man o’ War,
who won the Futurity stakes, $27,000, was
bought by Mr. Riddle at Saratoga for $5,000.
Within a year of his purchase the colt has
brought in $87,210, the greatest amount of
prize money amassed by any horse this sea
son. The amount is surpassed in 18 years
only by Syonsby and Colin, the two wonder
horses of the race track.
Ex-Crown Prince Rupprecht, of Bavaria,
German army commander, and a number
more of the greatest names of German roy
alty and nobility figure on the list of Ger
man officers whose surrender for trial for
common law crimes in France and Belgium
will be demanded in accordance with the
terms of the Versailles treaty, according to
La Liberte, one of the leading Paris journals.
The paper declares the list, which is now ap
proaching completion, includes about 600
names, each name being accompanied by a de
tailed account of the offenses charged and the
evidence upon which the charges are based.
The supreme council, it is stated, will soon
decide the date upon which the list is to be
presented to Germany, which, according to
the protocol to the treaty, must be within
two months after the treaty comes into ef
fect.
Ministers of the government and their at
taches and the deputies of all the political
parties, except his own, walked ostentatious
ly out of the German chamber when former
Chief of Police Eichhorn, of Berlin, took the
speaker’s stand duripg the debate on the la
bor ministry's budget last week. Eichhorn,
who is under indictment on charges of riot
ing and grafting, but who is enjoying im
munity from arrest as a member of parlia
ment, was not announced in the day’s list
of the speakers until late in the afternoon.
The moment he appeared before the speaker's
stand the government bench and the floor of
the house emptied, as if the occupants had
been given a signal. Only the official stenog
rapher and a few of the Independent Social
ists remained in the chamber.
*
An unusual rush of emigrants from Italy
toward America is in progress. Two thou
sand ' Italians applied for passports to the
United States for the first fortnight of Octo
ber. The increase of available ships and re
moval of restrictions on American passports
are given as the cause for the migratory
movement.
The trial of various persons who contrib
uted to the Gazette Des Ardennes, published
during the war by the German staff in the
French language, has been ended in Paris.
Os the., defendants, who were charged with
giving intelligence to the enemy, Second Lieu
tenant Roger Herve, Louis Lavern, and Henri
Crookel, were sentenced to death. The last
namd has fled the. country. Seven of the de
fendants received sentences ranging from
five to seven years. Yvonne Vies, an eight
een-year-old girl, who wrote three articles
for the Gazette, was sentenced to five years'
imprisonment.
Resolutions asking American assistance for
Vienna so that city might be able to exist
through the winter have been passed by the
city council of Vienna. The resolutions call
attention to the deplorable condition of the
city and point out that the prospect for bet
terment is poor.
The personnel of the British navy will be
reduced to 50.000 men when the United
States ratifies the peace treaty, it is stated
by the Evening News on what it declares to
be authoritative information. The number
of marines, it declares, will be cut to 10,000
Pre-war strength in 1914 was 114,236 offi
cers and men for the navy and 18,042 for the
marines. It is the intention of the govern
ment to close all overseas naval stations,
showing the flag abroad only by means of
flying squadrons.
From two to ten billion dollars in Ameri
can credits are needed to put Europe on a
sound economic footing, according to-differ
ent members of the foreign missions to the
international conference which opened last "
week in Atlantic City, N. J. The minimum is
almost certainly too low, since Germany,
Austria and Southeastern Europe come into
the reckoning and the maximum is believed
b> most American business men at the con
ference higher than could be arranged.
A smugglers’ tunnel 700 yards long un
der the Swiss-Austrian Alps has been found
in Switzerland, it is reported, by the police
at Krenglinzen, a small town at the lower
end of Lake Constance. The passageway
leads from an ancient Augustine abbey, in
which the smugglers made an Aladdin’s
cave. It is supposed they have been operat
ing there several years, handling contraband
goods. The smugglers were given a start by
finding a forgotten underground passage ex
tending from the a*bbey, which they prolonged
to bring it out well beyond the Austrian
frontier.
Decision to leave the settlement of the
Fiume question to direct negotiations be
tween Italy and Jugo-Slavia has been reach
ed by the peace conference, according to
the “Excelsior” of Paris.
Field Marshal Count Seiki Terauchi, for
mer premier of Japan, who last week was of
ficially reported dead in Tokio, regained con
sciousness after the announcement, and still
lives.
Ramla, a ten-year-old bay Arab mare, ridden
by A. W. Harris, ;. Chicago banker fifty-one
years of age, was the iwnner of the three ,hun-*
dred mile cavalry mount ro. test from Fort
Ethan Allen, Vt„ to Camp Devens. Ramla fin
ished with a percentage of 92.9. The hoise
is owned by W. R. Brown, of Berlin N. H.
The test had the sancticn of the Bureau of
Animal Industry and of the Army Remount
Board. Prizes were SI,OOO, SSOO and $250 e
spectively for first, second and third. The .
winner will receive for one year possession of
the United States Mounted Service Cup. The
cup will be contested for annually hereafter
until one owner has won it three times, when
it will go into his permanent possession.
Pierre Lenoir, convicted in Paris, France,
on a charge of having held intelligence with
the endmy, has been exected at Shnte prison.
Lenoir, who had been ill for some time, suf
fering from paralysis of both legs, had to be
carried to the place of execution. Jlis attor
ney, M. Holene, asked that e the prisoner be
examined mentally and physically.
“It is an impossible thing to execute a
sick man,” the attorney claimed. The offi
cials decided, however, to proceed with the
execution regardless of this protest.
The former German Emperor and the for
mer Crown Prince are concerned in the in
trigues of the German Royalists, the polit
ical correspondent of the Daily Mail as
serts.
“The former emperor,” says the writer, “is
far from leading a life of detachment from
German affairs. He recently has seen a num
ber of mysterious visitors from Germany and
is receiving many telegrams.
“He is constantly in communication with
some place in Germany by telephone. These
communications are with German Royalists.
“The former crown prince also is known
to be intriguing with German royalists. In
quiries on this matter will be made in the
house of commons next week.”
The disappearance of silver money from
circulation in France has resulted in such a
shortage of small change that many restau
rants in Paris have posted notices that cus
tomers must make their own change or ac
cept postage stamps in place of silver.
The disappearance of silver is variously
explained. A prominent banker said that the
principal cause was the fact that the metal
in silver coin is worth more than the face
value of the coin, making it profitable for
people using silver in the arts and industries
to melt coin instead of buying silver in bars.
Another explanation is that importers find it
to their advantage to pay for purchases in
countries like Switzerland in silver, which
commands a premium over paper money. A
third explanation is the tendency of peasants
to accumulate silver, as formerly they did
gold when gold was in circulation.
The skipper of the American steamer, Ladv
Disha. which reached port last week with
3,000 bags of Cuban sugar in the hold, says
sugar is plentiful in Cuba and he was some
what surprised to learn that there was a
sugar famine in America. There is so much
sugar in Cuba, according to the news brought
in by the Lady Disha and by captains of other
ships in port, who say sugar there is being
stored in school houses because there is not
sufficient space in warehouses.