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«BI OOMVXfVltM
OF
THE STATE OF GEORGIA.
ARTICLE J.
DECLARATION OF KLNOA.HNKIAi, PRIXCIl'tSK
1. The fundamental principles of Free Govern-
ment cannot be too we.I understood, nor too often
recurred to.
2 God has ordained that men shall live under
government; but us the forms and administration
of civil government arc in human, and therefore,
fallible hands, they may be altered or modified
whenever the safety or happiness of the govern
be expelled except by a vote of t.vo-(birils of thd
House from which be is expelled.
2. Each House mar punish, by imprisonment not
extending bejppnd the session, any person not a
member, \vl o shall be guilty of a contempt by any
disorderly behavior in its presence; or who, during
the session shall threaten injury to the person oi
estate of any member, for anything said or done
in either House; or who shall assail it any member
thereof, or who shall assanIt or arrest any witness
going to or returning therefrom, or who shall res
cue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by
order of either House.
3. The members of both Houses shall be free
from arrest, during their attendance on the Genc-
■d require it. No government should be changed ' rnl Assembly, and in going to and returning teere
for light or transient causes; nor unless upou
reasonable assurances that a better will be estab
lished.
3. Protection to person and property is the duty
of Government; and a Government which know
ingly and persisteutly denies, or withholds from
tiie governed such protection, when wilbiu its
power, releases them from the obligation of obedi
ence.
4. No citizen shall be deprived of life liberty or
property, exo -pt by due process ot law; and of lite
or liberty; only by the jud.-meutof his peers.
5. The writ of “Habeas Corpus" shall not be
suspended, unless in case of rebellion or invasion,
the public safety may require it.
li The right ot the people to keep and bear arms
shall not hi; infringed.
7. No leligious test shall b’ required for the ten
ure of any office; and no religion shall be estab
lished by law; and no citi/.eu shall ho deprived of
any right or privilege bv reason of his religious
belief.
^ Freedom of thought and opinion, freedom of
speech, ar.d freedom of the press, are inherent
elements of political liberty. lint while every cit
izen may freely speak, write and print, on any
subject, he shall be responsible for the abuse of
the liberty.
!>. The right of the people to appeal to the courts;
to petition Givernmeut on all matters of legiti
mate cognizance; and peaceably to assemble for
the consideration of any matter of public concern
—shall never be impaired.
in. F-r every right there should be provided a
remedy; and every citizen ought to obtain justice
without purebase, without denial, and without de
lay—conformably to the laws of the land.
11 Every person charged with an offence
against the laws of the State shall have the privi
lege and benefit oi counsel:
Shall be furnished on demand, with a copy of
the accusation, and will; a list of the witnesses
against him; .
. Shall h ive compulsory process to obtain the at
tendance of his own witnesses :
Shad be confronted with the witnesses testifying
against him, and
Shall h ve a public and speedy trial by an im
partial jury.
12. No poison shall ba put in jeopardy of life or
liberty inoic than once for the same offence.
13. Xo conviction shall work corruption of blood
or general forfeiture of estate.
14 Excessive bail shall not be required: nor ex
cessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unusual pun
ishments indicted.
15. The power of the courts to punish for con
tempt shall he limited by Legislative Acts.
HI. A faithful execution of the laws is essential
to good urclct; and good order in society is essen
tial to libi rty.
17. Legislative Acts in violation of the funda
mental law are void; and the Judiciary shall so
declare them.
id. r.’r pus’facto laws, and laws impairing the
obligation o? contracts, and retro-active legisla
tion injuriously affecting the right of the citizen,
are prohibited.
lif. Laws should have a general operation; and
no general law shall be varied in a particular case
by special legislation; except with consent ot all
persons affected thereby.
20. The right of taxation can he granted only by
the people, and shall be exercised only to raise
revenue for the support of Government, to pay
the public debt: to provide for the common de
fence, and for such other purposes as are specified
in the grant of pow rs.
21. In cases of necessity, private ways and the
light to carry water over land for the purpose of
mining and draining, may be granted upon just
compensation being first paid; and w ith this ex
ception private property shall not he token except
for public use; and then only upon just compensa
tion: such compensation, except in cases of press
ing necessity, to be first provided and paid.
22 The right of the people to be secure ill their
persons, houses, papers and effects, against un
reasonable searches and seizure- 8 , shall not be vio
lated; and no warrant shall issue but upon proba
ble cause, support)d by oath or affirmation, and
particularly describing the place or places to be
■••arched, and the persons and things to be seized.
23. Martial law shall not be declared, except in
cases of extreme necessity.
21 Large standing armies, in time of peace, are
dsngeroii« to liberty.
2-V No soldier shall, in time of peace, he quar
tered in any house without the consent of the
owner; nor iu time of war, but in a manner pre
scribed by law.
2(1 The person of a debtor shall nut be detained
in prison afrer delivering bonafideali bis estate for
the Use of his creditors.
27 Tiie enumeration of rights Ueicin Contained
shall no! be construed to deny to the people any
inherent rights which they have hitherto enjoye<f.
2 s !. This declaration is h part of this Constitu
tion. and shall never be vioiated on any pretence
whatever.
ARTICLE II.
Skc. 1—1. The Legislative, Executive and Ju
dicial Departments shall ba distinct; and each de
partment sdall l»s confided to a separate body of
magistracy. >Xo person or collection of persons,
being of on ; department, shall exercise any power
properly attached to cither of the others; except in
cases herein expressly provided.
2. The Legislative power shall he vested in a
General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate
aud Houce of Represents tires.
3 The in-eting of the General Assembly shall
he annual, and on the first Wednesday in Novem
ber, until such day of meeting shall be altered by
law. A majority of each House shall constitute a
quorum to trausact busin ss; but a smaller num
ber may adjourn from day to day, and compel the
attendance of their members in snch manner as
each House shall prescribe. No session of the
General Assembly shall continue for more than
forty days, unless the same shail be done by a vote
of two-thirds of each branch thereof.
4. The compensation of the members and offi
cers of the General Assembly shall be fixed by
law, a*, the first session, subsequent to the adop
tion of this Constitution; and the same shall not
bo increased so as to effect the compensation of the
members or officers of the Assembly by which the
increase is adopt' d.
5. No person holding any militaiy commission
or other appointment, having any emolument or
compensation annexed thereto, under this State
or the Confederate States, or either of them, (ex
cept Ju'tices of the Inferior Court, Justices of the
l’esce and officers of the militia,) uor any defaulter
for public money, or for legal taxes required of
him. shall have a scat in either branch of the Gen
eral Assembly; nor shall any Senator or Repre
sentative. after his qualification as such, bo elected
to any office or appointment by the General Assem
bly, having any emoluments or compensation an
nexed there*-., during the timd for which be shail
have been elected.
from, except for treason, telony, or breach of the
peace. And no member shall be liable to answer,
in any other place, for anything spoken in debate
in cither House
4 Each House shall keep a journal of its pro
ceedings, and publish them immediately after its
adjournment. I he yeas and uays of the mem
bers on any question shall, at the desire of one-
bills passed by both Houses, before the same shall
become laws, hot two thirds of each House may
pass a law notwithstanding his dissent; and if
any bill should not be returned by the Governor.,
within five days (Sundays excepted) after it has
been presented to him, the same shall be a taw,
unless the General Assembly, by their adionm-
ment, shall prevent its return. He may approve
any appropriation and disapprove any other ap
propriation in the same bill, and the latter shaft
not be effectual unless passed by two thirds if
each Honse.
7. Evorv vote, resolution, or order, to which the
concurrence of both Houses may be necessary,
except on a question of elections or adjournment,
shall be presented to the Governor; and beloie it
shall take etlect, be approved by him. or being
disapproved, shall be re-passed by two thirds of
each Honse, according to the rules anti limita
tions prescribed in case of a bill.
8. There shall be a Secretary of State, a Comp
troller General, a Treasurer, and Surveyor-Gen
eral, elected by the General Assembly, and they
shall hold their offices for the like period as the
the voles cast shall be for Ratification, the Gov
ernor shall by proclamation declare tins Constitu
tion adopted by the people. But if forNo Jhrifica-
tioa..that.fact sliali be proclaimed by the Gover
nor, and this Constitution shall hare no effect
whets ver
Done in Convention of the Delegates of the
people of the State of Georgia, at Sa vanish- on
the23rd day of March, in the year of onr Lord
eighteen hundred and sixty-one.
In testimony whereof the President of said
the length of the tenure of the Presidential office-
In the now Constitution it is six years instead Ot
four, and the President rendered inelligible for a
re-election. This is certainly it decidedly conser
vative change. If wiH remove from the incum
bent all temptation to use his office or exert the
powers confided to him for any objects of personal
ambition. The only incentive to that higher am
bition which should move aud actuate one holding
such high trusts in his hands will he the good ot
the people,’the advancement, prosperity, happi-
Convcntion has herenuto set his hand, and caused , cess,safety. honor and true glory of the Co lied
fifth of the members present, be entered on the j Governor, and shall have a competent salary
journals. The original journals shall be preserved j which shall not be increased or diminished duriu
(alter publication).iti the office of the Secretary ol
State; but there shall be uo other record thereof. ■
the period for which they sliali have been elected.
The General Assembly may at any time consoli-
5. Every bill, before it shall pass, shall bo read j date any .two of these offices, and require the du-
three times, and on ttiree separate and distinct * ties to be discharged by one officer,
days in each House, unless in cases of actual inva- j ft. The great seal of the State shall be deposited
sion or insurrection. Nor shall any law or ordi- j in the office of the Secretary of State, nul shall
nance pass which refers to inure tnan one subject! not be affixed to any instrument of writing, but
matter, or contains matter different from what is | by order of the Governor or General Assembly :
expressed in the title thereof. j and the Genera! Assembly shall, at their first ses-
<>. Ail Acts shall be signed by the President of i sion, after the rising of this convention, by law,
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Rep-1 cause the great 6i-al to be altered
the same to be attested by the Secretary theie
of. -
Reported for the ' Savannah Republican.
SPFEt H OF HON. A. B. RTfiPHENS.
I Vice President of the Confederate States.
Del in ml at the request of tne Citizens of Savan
nah, at the At hum K n, Thursday Eceniug, March
“1st, lelil.
At half-past seven o’clock, ou Thursday evening,
the largest audience ever assembled at the Athe-
uirtim. were in the house, waiting most impatient
ly for tiie appearance of the Orator of the even
ing, lion. A. H. Stephens, Vice President of the
Confederate States of America. The Committee,
with iuvited guests, were seated on the stage,
when at the appointed honr the Hon. C. C. Jones,
Mayor, and the speaker, entered, and were greet
ed by the immense assemblage with deafeuiug
rounds of applause.
The Mayor then, in a few pertinent remarks, in-
resentative.-: aud uo bill, ordinance or resolution! lt*. Tbo Governor shall have power to appoint
intended to have the effect of law, which shall have I his own Secretaries, not exceeding two in nutu-
been rejected by either House, shall be again pro- i her.
posed under the same or any other title, without;
the consent of two-thirds of the House by which (
the same was rejected.
ARTICLE IV. .
Sec. 1.—1. The Judicial powers of this State
7 Neither House shall adjourn for more than ! shall be vested in a Supremo Court for the cot
three davs, nor to any other place, without the rection of errors, Superior, Inferior, Ordinary, ;and
consent of the other: and in case of disagreement i Justices’ Courts, and in such other courts as have
. ei.icy. (Applause !
j Rut not to be tedious in enumerating the nu-
nierous changes for iho better, allow me to ailudd
to one other, though last, not least: the new Con
stitntion has put at rest, forever, all the agitating
questions relating to our peculiar institution —
African slavery as it exists amongst us—the pro
per stalin'of the negro in out form of civilization.
This was the immediate cause of the late rupture
and present revolution. Jefferson, in his forecast,
had anticipated this, as the ‘‘rock upou which tiie
old Union split.’’ He was right. What was con
jecture with him, is now a realized fact. But
whether he fully comprehended the gieat truth
upon which the rock stood and stands, may be
doubted. The prevailing iJeas entertained by
him and most of the leading statesmen at the time
of the formation of the obi Constitution,. were
that the enslavement of the African was a viola
tion of the laws of nature ; that it was wrong in
principle, socially, morally and politically. It was
an evil they knew not well how to deat with, hut
4 j , , . - ... . gillie general opinion of the men of tiial day, was
trod need Mr. Stephens. stating that at the request, | th(lt aonlehcir , ur olher ; u tLe orJer of iWidence
of a number of the members ot the Committee,; the illstitution won!d bo ..yanescent and pass
between the two Houses, on a question of adjourn
ment, the Governor mav adjourn them.
8. Kv
. i been or may be established by law.
2. The Supreme Court shall consist of three
v wmi-iiivi Ulrtt auiUUi II liiOlIJ. _ , . »i . . j . ,i
cry Senator anj Representative, before | who shall be appointed by the governor
taking* his ?*hall take an oath or affirmation to ! JJ’ 11 * 1 the advice and consent of two-thnds of the
*u p port the Constitution of the Confederate States; Senate* for such term of years as shall be pro-
V 4* . • rs. . , .... wrenlixwl liv low JlTltl fihnli 4*0 II t IIIII III ClfflfW lllltil
and of this State; aud also, that he hath not prac- bribed by law, and shall continue in office until
lived any unlawful means, either directly or indi-i thelr successors shall be appointed and qualified,
rectly, to procure his election. And every person
convicted of having given or offered a bribe shall
b e disqualified from serving as a member of cither
House f»r the term for which ho w as elected.
removable by the Governor on the address of two-
thirde of each branch of the General Assembly,
or by impeachment and conviction thereou.
3. 'The said Court shall have no original juris-
U Whenever tins Constitution requires au Act i diction, hut shall be a Court alone for the trial and
to be passed by two-thirds of both Houses, the j correction of errors in law and equity from the
yeas nod navs on tiie passage thereof shall be en- Superior Courts of the several circuits, and shail
tered ou the journals of each.
8ec 5—!. The General Assembly shall have
sit at least once a year, at a lime prescribed by law
in each of one or more judicial districts, designa-
power to make all laws and ordinances, consistent Iby the General Assembly for that pm pose, at
with this Constitution and not r pugnant to the ; ® uc h point^in each dis.net a^shall ]by^the Geneinl
Consfiturion of the Confederate States, w’ ’ ” * * *"“
bill to establish a new county shail ho passed by
least two thirds of the members present, in each * nd * n ca8 f tb ? P U,uMtT “ err ° r ■ h *“ n f be P re ’
branch of the General Assembly. I P* ,ed - at thu faret ,t ’ rm uf such Court after error
3. They shall provide for the taking of a census
or enumeration of the people of this State, at reg
jrought, to prosecute the cause, unless precluded
“ j by some providential esnse from such prosecution,
nlar decades of years, commencing at such times I shall be stricken from the docket, and the judge-
1 as they may present e I mcnt below shall stsntl affirmed. *
' 4. The General Assembly shall have power to 8.-1- The Judges of the Superior Courts
appropriate money for the promotion of learning:; »b ft H be appointed H1 the .same manner as
and science, and to provide for the education of!®* the Supreme Court, from the cueuits mjvh.ch
th
people
5. The General Assembly shall have power, by
a vote of two-thirds of each branch, to grant par-j
don in cases of final conviction fur treason, and to
they are to serve, lor the term of four years, and
, I shall continue in office until their successors shall
be appointed and qualified, removable by the Gov
ernor on (he address of two-thirds of each branch
yn its i.ao< a wi midi vui.> iEiiuii i"i iicaswu, nu.i iu _ ~ . . . , L
pardon or commute in cases of final conviction for j of ( ] Pni:ral A « c,nb ‘y* or b ? «mpeachment and
murder
St:c. b—1. The Genera! Assembly shall have no
power to grant corporate powers and privileges to \
private companies, except to banking, insurance, j
j conviction thereon
2. The Superior Court shall have exclusive ju- .
rindicUon in all cases of divorce, both total and j
partial; but no total divorce shall ba granted, ex- |
railroad, car,al. plank-road, navigation, mining, ex-1 P e P t on tbe conv’-UTtmt verdicts of two^ specia
pre.s, lumber and teU graph companies; nor to .l"™’ 8 -, In each divorce case, the Court shall reg
make or change election precincts; nor to establish ftffhts and d.sab.hues o, the parties.
3. The Superior Court shall also have exehisi".
2. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury
of this State, except by appropriation made by
by free white persons and which do net subject
the offender or offender* to loss of life, limb or
t lire Utoiv , i.AVt IMi to y nil Iiuitlldlll/ll iuaux; try _
law; and a regular statement and account of the j member, or to confinement in the 1 emtenti&iy . in
receipt and expenditure of all public money shall! ? ' such cases, Corporation Courts, such as now t-x-
be published from time to time. i ,st * or , ma - v hereafter be constituted, in any incor-
3. No vote, resolution, law or order shall pass
granting a donation or gratuity in favor of any
porated city or town, may be vested with jurisdic
tion, under such rules and regulations as the Leg-
person, exrept by the concurrence of two-thirds of '" 'Mure- may hereafter by law direct,
each branch of the General Assembly. 1 b AH criminal cases shall be trieo m u|» wuu-
4. No Hw shall be p-ssed by which a citizen ."’herethe crime was committed,except m cases
shall be compelled, directly or indirectly, to become , wber ? a J*} r y esnnot be obtained,
a stockholder in or contribute to a railroad or other . ° ^ be Superior Court s.iall have exclusive ju-
work of internaUmprovement, without his consent;' ttsdiction in all cases respecting titles to land,
except tin* inhabitants oi a corporate town or city, i J vb,< -h shail be tried in the county where the land
This provision shall not be construed to deny the : ,ie8: an,] a!90 in 8,1 e 9 iut y causes, which shall bo
rmwor nf tuition for tho onroo.o of m.tm, 1 tried in the county where one or more ot the de
fendants reside, against (whom substantial relief
power of taxation for the purpose of making levees
or dams to prevent the overflow of rivers.
Sec. 7—1. Tbo importation or introduction of; jP rayed ,
nogrors frotn any foreign countrv, other than the It shail have appellate jurisdiction in ad such
slavehoMing Stares or Territories of the United Pafles ns may be provided by law.
. . _ ..... I ^ I* .. V. r. 1 1 k.,.A aaiwak 4.i nni.*/
States of America, is forever prohibited
2. The General Assembly may probibit the in
traduction of negroes from any State; but they
shall have no power to prevent immigrants from
bringing their Flaves with them
It shall have power to correct errors in in-
_ i ferior judicatories by writ of certiorari, and to
grant new trials in the Superior Court on proper
and le-ral grmnds.
S. It shall have power to issue writs of manda-
«ud citizens of Savaunah, and the State, now
here, he had consented to address them upou the
present state of public affairs.
Mr. Stephens rose and spoke as follows:
Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen of tho Committee,
and Fellow Citizens :—For this reception you will
please accept my most profound and sincere
thanks. The compliment is doubtless intended as
much, or more, perhaps, in honor of the occasion
and my public position in connection with the
great events now crowding upon us, than to me
personally and individual y. It is, howevei, none
the less appreciated by me on that account- We
are in the midst of one of the greatest epochs in
our history. The last ninety days will mark one
of the most memorable eras iu the history of mod
ern civilization.
There was a general call ftom the outside of the
building, for the speaker to go out; that there
were more outside tlmu in.
Tiie Mayor rose, and requested silence at the
doors, that Mr Stephens’ health would not permit
him to speak in tho open air. Mr. Stephens said
he would leave it to the audience, whether he
should pioceed indoors or out. There was a gen
eral cry iudoors, as the ladies, a large number of
w hom were present, could not hear outside.
Mr Stephens said that the accommodation of
the ladies would determine the question, and he
would proceed where ho was. At this point the
uproar aud clamor outside was greater still for the
speaker to go out on the steps. This was quieted
by Col. Lawton, Col. Freeman, Judge Jackson,
| and Air. J. W. Owens, going out and stating the
facts of the ease to the dense mass of men. women
and children, who were outside, aud entertaining
them, in short-brief speeches.
Mr. Stephens all this w hile quietly sitting down
until the furor subsided.
Mr. Stephens rose, and said, when perfect quiet
Judges i i- s restored I shall proceed; I cannot speak as long
as there is any noise or confusion. I shall take
my time, I feel as though I could spend the night
with you, if necessary. (Loud applause.) I very
much regret, that everyone who desires cannot
hear what I have to say, not that I have any dis
play to make, or anything very entertaing to pre
sent, but such views as I have to givo, I wisli all,
not only in this city, but in this State, and through
out cur Confederated Republic, could hear, who
have a desire to hear them.
I was remarking, that we are passing through
one of the greatest revolutions in the annals of
the world ; seven States have, within the last three
months, thrown off an old Government, and formed
This revolution has been signally mark-
fits having been
single drop of
Constitution, or
the subject to
invited.
first genera! re
ply secures all our ancient rights,
franchises and privileges All tho great princi
ples of uiagna dial ta are retained in it. No citi
zen is deprived of life, liberty, or property, but by
the judgment of his peers, under the laws of the
land The great principle of religious liberty,
which was the honor and pride of the old Consti
tution, is still maintained and secured. All the
essentials of the old Constitution which have en
deared it to the hearts of the American people,
have been preserved and perpetuated (Applause )
Some changes have been made—of these, I shall
speak presently. Some of these I should Lave
preferred not to have seen made, but these per
haps meet the cordial approbation of a majority
of this audience, if not an overwhelming majority
of the people of the Confederacy. Of them, there
fore. I will not speak. But other im, ortant
changes do meet my cordial approbation. They
form great improvements upon the Constitution.
So.tak ng the whole new Constitution. I have no
hesitancy iu giving it as my judgment, that it is
3. r Tbe General Assembly shall have no powet to m ' 18 ' prohibition, aeiro facias, and ail other writs
pass laws for tlio emancipation of slaves
4. Any person who sliali maliciously killer maim
'ave shall suffer snch punishment as would bp
which may be necessary for carrying its powers
fully into effect.
0. The Snpprior and Inferior Courts shail have
inflicted in case the like offence had been commit- eoncurr 011 *- jurisdiction in all other civil causes
ted on a free white person.
ARTICLE III.
which shall be trb'd in the eounty where the de-
; fendant resides.
10. In cases of joint obligors, or joint promis-
Sf.C. 1 — 1. Tho executive power shall be vested ; sors or copartners, or joint trespassers residing in
n a Governor, who shall hold his office during the j different counties, the suit may be bronght in eith-
terin of two years, and until such time as a succes-; C r county.
sor shill be chosen and qualified. He shall have , j| Iu case of a maker or indorser or indorsors
a competent salary fixed by law, which shall not! of promissory notes residing in different counties
be increased or diminished during tho period for, ; n this State, the game may be sued in the county
which he ehall have been elected; neither shall he
receive, within that period, any other emolument
from the Confederate States, or either of them, or
from any foreign power.
2. The Governor shall lie elected by the persons
qualified to vote for members i f the General As
sembly, on the fii si Wednesday in October, in the
year of onr Lord lPdt; and on the first Wednesday
in October in every second year thereafter, until
such time be altered by law; which election shall
be held at the places of bolding general elections,
and in the several counties of this State, in the
manner prescribed for the election of members of
the General Assembly. The returns for every elec
tion of Govenioi shall be scaled up by the mana
gers, scpc-rately from other returns, and directed to
the President of the Senate and Speaker of the
House of Representatives; and transmitted to the
Governor, or the person exercising the duties of
Governor for the time being: who shall, without
opening (he said returns, cause the same to be laid
| before the Senate, ou the day after the two houses
i shall have been organized; and they shall be traris-
, nutted bv the Sonate to the Honse of Representa-
| lives. The members of each branch of the Gene-
! rsl Assembly shall convene in tho Representative
| chamber, and the President of tho Senate and the
j Speaker of the House of Representatives shall
open and publish the returns in presence of the
General Assembly; and the person having tho ma-
1 jority of the whole number of votes given in, shall
be declared duly elected Governor of this State;
where the maker resides.
12. The Superior and Inferior Courts shall sit in
each county twice in every year, at such stated
limes ns have been or may be appointed by the
General Assembly.
Sec 3.—1. The judges shall have salaries ade
quate to their services fixed by law, which sliali
not ho diminished during their continuance in
office ; but shall not receive any other perquisites
or emoluments whatever, from parties or others,
on account of any duty required of them.
2. There, shall be a State’s Attorney and Solici
tors appointed in the same manner as the judges
of the (Supreme Couit and commissioned by the
Governor; who shall hold their offices for the
term of four years, or until their successors shall
be appointed and qualified, unless removed by
sentence or impeachment, or by the Governor, on
the address of two-thirds of each blanch of the
General Assembly. They shall have salaries
adequate to their services, fixed hy )gw, which
shall not be diminished during their continuance
in office
3 The Justices of the Inferior Courts shall be
elected in each county by the persons entitled to
vote for members of the Genera! Assembly.
4. The Justices of the Peace shall be elected
in esch district b\ the persons entitled to vote for
mf mbers of the General Assembly.
5 The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of
Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each
county, from whose decisions there may bean ap-
f> No person convicted of a;iy felony involving j but if no pora-n have such majority, then from the pea i to the Superior Court, under regulations
ny speefo-a of the crimen JaUi, before any Court two persons having the highest number of voles. J proscribed by law. Tho ordinarv shall be rz
f this State or of th6 Confederate States, shall be who shall be iu life, and shall not decline an elcc ' officio clerk of said Court, and tnay'appoinl a dep-
auy j
of
eligible to any office or appointment of honor,
profit or trust, within this State.
7. No person who is a collector or holder of pub
lic money, siisi! bo eligible to any office in this
C t n 1ti 4«I #1... « M a : — — a a ^ . - i y ... 1 * 4 * .
tion at the time appointed for the Legislature to i n tj c lerk. The ordinary, as clerk, or his deputy
elect. th“ General Assembly shall immediately elect • rof ,y issue citations, and grant temporary letters of
mediately
a Governor tica tact; and in all cases of election
i adinitii«tration, to bold until permanent letters are
A a Governor hy tho General Assembly, a mojori I e-ranted ; and said ordinary, as clerk, or his dep
State,. until tho same is accounted for aud paid into ty of th? votes of the members present shall be j |Jtv, may grant marriage licenses. The ordina-
the Treasury.
See. 2—I. The Senite shall consist of fortv-
four memtiers, oue to be chosen from each Senato
rial district, which district shall be composed of
three cni'iguous counties If a new county is
established, it shall be added to a district which it
adjoins, nati! there shall b • another arrangement of
tie* Senatorial districts. The Senatorial districts
ah ill not lie changed, except whan
shall h ive been taken.
2. N > person shall be a Senator who shall not
have attained to th? ag? of twenty-five years, and
nccesssry for a choice. Contested elections shall
be determined by both Houses of the General As
lies in and for the respeefive counties shall be
elected, as other county officers are, on the first
i seinbly, in sum manner as shall be prescribed by Wednesday in January. 1884, and every fourth
i ‘ aw * . I year thereafter, and shall be commissioned by the
3. No person snail be elipiblo to the office of 1 Governor for the ferm of four years. In case of
I Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the any vacancy of said office of ordinary, from any
I r *.-»»» f..,lurntn fituiao 4 w* nl i*a w aawa a».1 «« !«knk! . ■ ■ 11 i on is ■ •
Conf-dernte States twelve years, and an inhabi
taut of this S>ate six years, and who hath not at-
new census tained the age of thirty years.
1 4. In c.iRo of the death, resignation, or disabil
ity of the Governor, th? President of tho Senate
shall exercise the exeentive powers of the Gov
ba a citizen ot the Confederate States, and have j eminent until such disability be removed, or «
been for three years an inhabitant of this State, successor is elected aud qualified. And in case
and for one year a resident of tho district from
which he Ls chosen
3. The presiding officer shall be styled the Presi
dent ot the Senate, and shall bo elected vira coce
from their o-,vn body.
4 The Senate shall have the soie power to try
all impeachments. When sitting for that pnrpese
f the death, resignation or disability of the Pres
ident of the .Senate, the Speaker of the Honse of
Representatives shall exercise the executive pow
er ol the government until the removal of the
disability or the election and qualification of a
Governor
Tho Governor shall, before he enters on the
they snail be on oath or affirmation: and no p. rsou I duties of his office, take the following oath or
shall he convicted without tbo concurrence of two
thirds oi tiie members present. Judgment, in
cases of impeachment, shall not extend turtlicr
than removal from office and disqualification to
hold and ejy >y any office of honor, profit or trast
within this 8tate; but the party convicted shall,
nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictm-nt.
trial, jade ment and punishment according to law.
Sec. 3—1. fh House of R -presentatives shall
be composed as follows. Tho thirty seven counties
having tbu Jaigest representative population shall
have two Representatives each Every other
county shall have one Representative. The des
ignation of the counties having two Repreaentives
shall be made by the General Assembly immediate
ly after the taking of each census.
8. No person shall be a Representative who shall
not have attained the age of twenty-one years, and
he »citizen of the Confederate States, and have
be ® n for three year* au inhabitant of this State,
ana for one year a resident of the countv which he
represents.
3 . presiding officer of the Honse of Repro-
*?“**H V “ 8haU b « etyled the Speaker, and shall be
a*™. f ! oul th ««r own|body.
4. They suall have the sole power to impeach
allpersonawho have been or may be in office.
5. All bill! for raising revenue or appropriating
money, shall originate in the Honse of Represen
tatives; but the Senate may propose or concur in
■meudmenta main other bills.
Sec 4—1 Each Hoo6e shall be the judge of the
election returns, and qualifications of its own
d sora i’ V'l •*'.•** have power to punish them for
innriu ^ behavior or misconduct, by censure, fine,
imprisonment or expulsion; but no member shall
cause, the same shall be filled by election, as is
provided in relation to other county officers, and
until the same is filled, the Clerk of the Superior
Court for the time being, shall act as clerk of said
Court of Ordinary.
ARTICLE V,
1. The electors of members of the General As
sembly shall be free white male citizens of this
State; and shall have attained the age of twenty-
one years; and Lave paid all taxes which may
have been required of them, and which they have
had an opportunity of paying, agreeable to law,
forth* year preceding the election ; and shall have
resided six mouths within the district or county.
2. All elections by tho General Assembly shall
be nv rira rocs, and when the Senate and House
I affirmation ; *‘I do solemnly swear or affirm (as,
tbo case may be) that 1 will fii'hfully execute the j of Representatives unite for the purpose of elect
ing, they shall meet in the Representative cham
ber, and the Piesideut of the Senate shall in such
cases preside, and declare thu person or persons
elected.
3 In all elections by the people, the electors
shall vote by ballot, until the General Assembly
shall otherwise- direct.
4. All civil officers shall continue in the exer
cise of the duties of their several offices, during
the periods for which they were appointed, or un
til they shall be superseded by appointments made
ia conformity with this Constitution; and all laws
now in force shall continue to operate, so far as
they arc compatible with this Constitution, until
they shall expire, be altered or repealed ; and i*.
shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass
all necessary laws and regulations for carrying
this Constitution into fall effect.
5. All militia and county officers shall be elected
by the people in such manner aa the General As
sembly may by law direct
0. This Constitution shall be amended only
by a Convention of the people called for that pur
pose.
7. This Constitution shall not take effect until
the same is ratified by the people. And to this
end, there shall be an election held at all the places
of public election in this State, on the 1st Tues
day in July, 1861, when all the citizens of this
State entitled to vote for Governor, shall east
their ballots either for “Ratification” or “No Rati
fication.” The election shall be conducted in the
same manner aa genaral elections, and the returns
•hall be made to the Governor. If a majority of
office of Governor of the State of Georgia : and
will, lo tho bust of my abilities, preserve, protect
and defend the Constitution thereof.
Sec:. 2—J. The Governor shall be Commander-
io-Cbief of the army and navy of this State, and
of tbo militia thereof.
2. He sliali have power to gpint reprieves for
offences against the State, except in cases of im
peachment, and to grant pardons, or to remit any
part cf a sentence, in all cases after conviction
except for treason or murder, in which cases he
iney respite the execution, and make report there
of to the next General Assembly.
3. He shall issue writs of elections to fill va
cancies that happen in the Senate or Honse of
Representatives, and shall have power-to convene
tho General Assembly on extrao rdinary occasions;
and shall give them, from time to time, information
of the state of the republic, and recommend to
their consideration snch measures as lie may deem
necessary and expedient.
4. When any office shall become vacant by
death or resignation, or otherwise, the Governor
shall have power to fill such vncaucy unless
otherwise provided for by law; and persons so
appointed shall continue in office until a suceaaor
is appointed agreeable to the mode pointed out
by this Constitution, or bylaw in pursuance
thereof.
5. A person once rejected by tho Senate shall
not be re-appoiuted by the Governor lo tho same
offico during the same session, or the recast there
after.
6 The Governor shall have the revision of ell
decidedly better than the old. ' (Applause.) Allow \ TT
me briefly to allude to some of these improve
ments. The question of building np class iirtcr-
csts, or fostering one branch of industry to the
prejudice of another, under the exercise of the
revenue power, which gave us so much trouble un
der the oi l Constitution, is put at rest forever un
der the new. We allow the imposition of no du
ty, with a view of giving advantage to one class
of persons, in any trade or business, over those of
another. All, under our system stand upon tho
same broad principle, of perfect equality Hon
est labor ftnd enterprise are left free and nnrestrict
ed in whatever pursuit!they may be engaged in
This subject came well nigh causing a rupture of
the old Union, under the lead of the gallant Pal-
metto State. which lies on our border, in 1333.
This old thorn of the tariff, which occasioned
the cause of so much irritation in the old hodv pol
itic. is removed forever from the new (Applause )
Again, the subject of internal improvements, un
der the power of Congress to regulate commerce,
is put at rest under our system. The powerclnini-
ed hy construction under the old Constitution, was
at least a doubtful one—it rested solely upon con
struction. We of the South, generally apart from
considerations of constitutional principles, oppo
sed its exercise upon grounds of expediency and
justice. Notwithstanding this opposition, millions
ut money, in the common Treasury had been
drawn ior such purposes. Our opposition sprung
from no hostility to commerce, or all necessary
aids for facilitating it. With us it was simply a
question, upon whom the burden should fall. " In
Georgia, for instance, we had done aB much for
the cause of internal improvements ns any other
portion of the country, according to population
and means. Wo have stretched out lines of rail
roads from the seaboard to the mountains ; dng
down the hills and fill' d up the valleys at a cost ot
not less than $>2.'.O(i0,t)O(l. All this was done to
oppn up an outletffor our products of the interior,
and those to tbs west of us, to reach the marts of
she world. No State was in greater need of such
facilities than Georgia, but we bad not. asked that
these works should be made by appropriations out
of the common treasury. The cost of the grading,
the superstructure and equipments of our roads,
j was borne by those who entered upon the enter
prise. Nay, more—not only tho cost of the iron,
no small item in the aggregate cost, was borne in
the same way, but we were compelled to pay into
the common treasury several millions of dollars
for the privilege of importing the iron after the
price was paid on it from abroad What justice
was there in taking this money, which our people
paid into the common treasury on the importa
tion of our iron, and applying it to the improve
ment of rivers and harbors elsewhere ?
The trno principle is to subject commerce of
every locality, to whatever burdens may be neces
sary to facilitate it. If the Charleston harbor
needs improvement, let the commerce of Charles
ton bear the burden. If the month of the Savan
nah river ha« to be cleared out let the seagoing
navigation which is boricfittrd by it bear the bur
den. So with the mouths of the Alabama and
Mississippi rivers. Just as the products of the
interior, our cotton, wheat, corn and other articles,
have to bear tho neces-ary rates of freight over
our railroads to reach the seas This is again the
broad principle ot’ perfect equality and justice.
(Applause.) And it is specially held forth aud es
tablished in our new Constitution.
Another feature to which I will allude, is that
the new Constitution provides that Cabinet Minis
ters and heads of Departments shall have the
right to participate in the debates and discussions
upon the various subjects of administration. I
should have preferred that this provision should
have gone farther, and allowed the President to
select hi* constitutional advisers from the Senate
and House of Representatives. That would have
conformed entirely to the practice in the British
Parliament, which, in my opinion is oqe of the
wisest provisions of that body. It is the only fea
ture that saves that Government. It is that which
gives it stability in its facility to change its admin
istration. Ours, as it is, is a great approximation
to the right principle. ...
Under the old Constitution, a Secretary of the
Treasury, for im-tance, had no opportunity, save
by bis annual reports, of presenting any scheme
or plan of finance or other matter. He bad iHhop-
portunity of explaining, expounding, enforcing
or defending his views of policy ; his only resort
was through the medium of an organ. In the
British Parliament the Premier brings in Ids bud
get and stands before the nation responsible for
its every item. If it is indefensible, befalls before
the attacks upon it, as he ought to. This will
now be the case to a limited extent under onr Sys
tern. Our heads of departments can speak for
themselves, and the administration ia behalf of in
entire policy, without resorting to the indirect and
highly objectionable medium of a newspaper.
It is to be greatly hoped that under our system we
•ball never have what is known as a Government
organ. (Rapturous applanse.)
(A noise again arose from the clamor of the
crowd ontside who wished to hear Mr. Stephens,
and for some moments interrupted him. The May
or rase and called on the police to preserve osier.
Quiet being restored, Mr. 8. proceeded.)
Another change in the Constitution relates to
a way This idea, though not iucuiporated in the
Constituuiin, was the prevailing idea at the time.
The Constitution, it is true, secured every essen
tial guaranty to the institution while it should
last, aud hence no argument can he justly used
against the constitutional guaranties thus secured
because of the common sentiment of the day.
Those ideas, however, were fundamentally wrong.
They rested upon the assumption of the equality
of races. This was au error. It was a sandy
foundation, and the idea of a Government built
upou it, when the “storm came and the wind
blew, it fell.”
Our new government is founded upon exactly
the opposite idea; its foundations are laid, its cor
ner stone vests upon the great tiutli that the negro
is not equal to the white man—that slavery, sub
ordination to the superior race, is his natural and
moral condition. (Applause.)
This, our new government, is the first in the his
tory of the world based upon this great phy-ic»l,
philosophical and inorad truth. This truth has
been slow in the process of its development, like
all other truths in the various departments of
science. It has been so even amongst us. Many
who hear me, perhaps, can recollect well that this
truth was not generally admitted even within their
day. The errors of the past generation still clung
to many as late as twenty vears ago. Those at
the North, who still cling to these errors, with a
zeal above knowledge, wo jo“t.|y denominate fa
natics. All fanaticism springs from an aberration
of the mind ; from a detect in reasoning. It is a
species of insanity On? of the most striking
characteristics of insanity, in many instances, is
forming correct conclusions from fancied or erro
neous premises; so with the anti-slavery fanatics;
their conclusions are right if their premises are.
They assume that the negro is equal, and hence
conclude that he is entitled to equal privileges
and rights with tho white mail. If their premise
were correct, their conclusion would be logical and
just—hut their premise being wrong, their whole
argument fails. I recollect once of hiving heard
a gentleman from one of the Northern States, of
great power and ability, announce in the House of
Representatives, with imposing effect, that we of
the South would be compelled, ultimately, to yield
upon this subject of slavery, that it was as im
possible to war successfully against a principle in
politics as it was in physics aud mechanics That
tiie principle would ultimately prevail. That we
;n maintaining slavery as if exists with ns, were
warring against a principle, a principle founded
in nature, the principle of the equality of man.
The reply I made to him was, that upon his own
grounds we should succeed, and that ho and his
associates in their crusade against our institutions
would ultimately fail. The truth announced, that
it was as impossible to war successfully against a
principle in politics as w ell as in physics and me
chanics, I admitted, but told him that it was he
and those acting with him, who were warring
against a principle. They were attempting to
make things equal which tho Creator had made
unequal.
In the conflict thus far, success has been on onr
side, complete throughout the 1-ngtli and breadth
of tiie Confederate States. It is upon this, as I
.ave stated, our social frabric is firmly planted ;
and I cannot permit myself to doubt tho ultimate
success of a full recognition of this principle
throughout the civilized and enlightened world.
As I have stated, the truth of this principle may
he slow in development, as all truths are. and ever
have been, in the various branches of science.
It was so with tho principles announced by Galli-
ieo—it was so with Adam Smith and his principles
of political economy It was so with Harvey,
and his theory of the circulation of the blood. It
s stated that not a single one of the medical pro
fession. living at the time of tile announcement
of the truths inadehy him. admitted them. Now,
dged. May we not.
therefore, look with confidence to the ultinmte
universal acknowledgment of the truths upon
which our system rests. It is the first govern
ment ever instituted upon principle in strict con
formity to nature, aud the ordination of Provi
dence, in furnishing the materials of human so
ciety. Many governments have been founded
upon the principle ot certain classes; but the
classes thus enslaved, were of the same race, and
in violation of the laws of Nature. Our system
comipits no such violation of Nature’s laws. The
negro by nature, or by the eur-c against Canaan,
is fitted for that condition which he occupies in
our system. Th? architect, in the construction ot
buildings, laj.s the foundation with proper mate
rial—the granite—then comes tho brick or marble.
The substratum of our society is made of the
material lilted by nature for it, and by experience
we know that it is th? best, nut only for the su
perior. but for the inferior race that it should be so.
If i>, indeed, in conformity with the ordinance of
the Creator. It is not for us to inquire into the
wisdom of his ordinances or to question them.
For his own purposes he lias made one race to dif
fer from another, as he has made “one star to dif
fer from another star in glory.’’
The great objects of humanity are bast attained,
when conformed to his laws and decrees, in the
formation of governments as weii as in all things
else. Our Confederacy is founded upon princi
ples ill strict conformity with these laws. This
stone which was rejected hy the lirst builders :'is
become the chief stone of tiie corner” iu our new
edifice. (Applause.!
1 have been asked, what of the future .' It Las
been apprehended by some, that wo would have
arrayed against us the ci\ ilized world. I care not
who or how many they may he, when we stand
upon the eternal principles of trnth we are oblig
ed and must triumph. (Immense applause.)
Thousands of people, w ho begin to understand
these trulhs are not yet completely out of the
shell; they do not sec them in their length and
breadth. We hear much of the civilization aud
Christianization of the barbarous tribes of Africa
In my judgment, those ends will never he attain
ed, but by first teaching them the lesson taught to
Adam, that “in the sweat of thy brow shalt thou
eat bread,” (applause,) and teaching th“tn to work
and feed and clothe themselves. But to pass on—
some have propounded ;be enquiry, whether it is
practicable for us to go on with the Confederacy,
without further accessions. Have we the means
and ability to maintain nationali'y among the pow
ers of the earth •’ On this point I would barely
say, that as anxiously as we ail have been and
are, foi the border 8tates with institutions similar
with ours, to joiu ns, still we are abundantly able
ro maintain our position even if they should ul
timately make up their minds, not to cast their
destiny with ours. That they ultimately will join
ns. be compelled to do it, is my confident belief,
but we can get on very well without them, even
if they should not.
Wo have all the essential elements of a high
national career. The idea h is been giveu oat at
the North, and even in the Border States, that we
are too small and too weak to maintain a separate
nationality. This is a great mistake. In extent
of territ Ty we embrace 561,000 square miles and
upwards- This is upwards of 200,(!<;U square
miles more than was included within the limits
of the original thirteen -States, lt is an area of
country more than double the territory of France
or the Austrian empire. France in round num
bers has bnt 212,000 square miles. Austria in
round uumbers has 248,000 square miles. Ours
is greater than both combined. It is greater tlinn
ail France. Spain, Portugal, and Great Britain,
including England, Ireland, and Scotland togeth
or. In population we have np wards of five mil
lions. according to the census of i860; this in
cludes white aud black. The eutire population,
including white and black, of the original thir
teen States, was less than 4,000.000 in 1700. and
still less in ’76’, when the independence of our
fathers-was achieved. If these with a less popu
lation, dared maintain their independence against
the greatest power on earth, shall we have any
apprehension of maintaining ours now .’
in point of material wealth aud resources, we
are greatly in advance of them. The taxable pro-
t» of the Confederate 8'at os cannot be loss
1,009^)00.000. This, I think, I venture bnt
merce of the world—who cau entertaiu any ap independence 1 Thia he merely.offered as »
prehensions as to our success, whether Others join geation, as one of the ways in which it miehtT
us Or not ! done with much-less violence L ■ “»
It is true, 1 believe 1 state but the common sen
tiuient, when I declare my earnest .desire that
done with ranch-less Violence to construction
*' the Constitution than many other acls of u° f
^ t government’. (Applause. ) Th" ’ difficulty h*, '*'
the Border States should join us. The deferences be solved in some way or other—this may K e to
ot opinion that existed among ns anterior to aa- , gaided as a fixed fact. e rt -
opiuton
cession, related more to the policy in securing
Several other points were alluded to bv Rr <
that result by co operation ttia'n from any differ- particularly as to the policy of thu new guv ’ M '
ence upon the ultimate security we all looked to in ment towards foteign nations, and onr com■T*
upou
common
teal relations with them Free trad.
c <«n» rr .
as f w , (
These differences of opinion were more in refor- practicable, would he the policy of this e0 v
ence to policy than principle, and as Mr. Jeffers,a. ment. No higher duties would be imposed on V U
said in his inangural, iu 1891, after the heated eign importations than would be necessary t u , .
conte-t preceding his election, there might be dif- port the government upon the strictest econ,,,^
foresees in opinion without differences on prmci- ■ i., «ca-.„ .i,- —
pie. aud that all. to some extent,, had been Fedur-
lu olden times the olive branch was con-
lie emblem of peace, we will stud to th"
iderej
afiui,.
alists and all Republicans; so it may now he sai 1 <>f the earth another and far more potential p"'
of us, that whatever difference ok opiuion as to hlein of the same, the ' iiTTux Pi.ant. ih e J"'
the best policy in having a c>r*»f|h*riitten with Ster j sent duties were levied with a view of
border sister slave Stat s, if the worst come to I the present necessities and exigencies
he pro.
roeetinr,
Prepar.
the worst, that as we were all c .-operation.sts, we i a'ion for war, if need be; but if we have
ate now all for independence whether they come j and he hoped we might, and trad" shook) resi***
| its proper com se. n doty of ten par cent up,,,
’* • »»J cr n ininnifslinnc i 4 n. u o 4 1-. n •* ml, * •— * i. • f
snft.
or not. (Continued applause )
In this connection I take this occasion to state. I eign impo.tations it was thought, might h
that 1 was not without grave and serious appre 1
hension. that if tbo worst came to the worst, aud
cutting loosa from the oid Government would he
the only remedy for our safoiy and security, it
would he atteniie I with much more serious ills,
than it has been as yet. Thus far we have seen
none of those incidents which usually attend rev
cent to meet the expenditutes of the governme •
If some articles should he it-ft on the tree |j 3t **
they now are, such as breadstuff's, & c , ;he n ’ **
course. (Tuti -s upon others would have to he j,;’v !
er—hut in no event to an extent to embark!
trade and commerce. He concluded iu an esm " 1
appeal for union and harmony, on the part of U
o hi lions. No such material as such ^convulsions i the p.-ople. in support of the common cause 1.
usually throw up has been seen. Wisdom, pru- : which we w ere all enlisted, and upon the L« S0es
deuce and patriotism, have marked every step ot which snch great consequences depend.
our progress thus far. This augurs well for the j If, said he, we are true to ou-selves, true to
future, and it is a matter of sincere gratification cause, true to our destiny, trno to onr high mi
to me, that I am enabled to make the declaration, j foil, fo presenting to the ivorid the highest tvn« S -
... m i highest t¥De
of the men I met in the Congress at Montgomery, civilization ever exhibited by mau—there will i
(I may be pardoned for saying this,) au uh.er, found in our Lexicon uo such word as Fan
wiser, a more conservative, deliberate, determin
ed, resolute and patriotic body of men, I nev
er met iu my lite. (Great applause.) Their
works speak for them ; the Provisional Govern
ment speaks tor them; the Constitution ot the
permanent Uovenmeut, will he a lasting monu
ment of their worth, merit aud statesmanship
(Applause.)
But to return to the question of the future.—
What is to be the result of this revolution?—
Will everything, commenced so well, continue
as it has begun f In reply to this anxious en
quiry I can only say it all depends upon our-clves.
A young man starling out in life ou his majority,
with health, talent and ability, under a favoring
Providence, may be said to be the architect ot his
own fortunes. His destinies are iu his own hands
He may make for himself a name of honor or dis
honor, according to his own acts. If he plants
himself upon truth, integrity, honor^nd upright
ness, with in lustry, patience and energy, he can
not fail of success. So it is with us ; we are a
young Republic just entering upon the arena of
nations; we will be the architect of our own for
tunes. Our destiny, under Providence, is in our
own hands. With wisdom, prudence aud states
manship on the part of our public ineu, aud in
Mr. Stephens took his seat amid a burst of rl]
thusiastn and upplansa such ns the Athenteum
never had displayed within its walls, within “th*
recollection of the oldest inhabitant.
Your Reporter begs to state, that the above i«
not a perfect report, hut only such a sketch of the
address of Mr. Btephee.s, as embraces in his iuii*
ment. the most important points presented by t'?»
orator.
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It Never Fails.—'The most satisfactory result,
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Inimitable Hair Restorative. It is tiie oldest prepuru-
tion of the kind, and has triumphantly won for itjetf
the name “inimitable” iu spite of nil the attempted im
Rations which have followed its introduction. The
long array of names in our advertising columns uf
those weli known in our vicinity, who have used g
terms, is sufficient to prove its real value and its
trinsic excellence. We commend it to our reader.
Price fitly cents, aud one dollar a bottle.
Sold everywhere, and by Herty &. Hall, Milfodge-
ville.
W. E. HAGAN A. CO., Proprietors,
43 It. ' Troy, N Y.
telligenee, virtue and patriotism on the part ot the - with complete success and commend it in umneasorts
people, success, to the full measures of our most
sanguine hopes, may he looked for. But if we
become divided—if schisms arise—if dissections
spring up—if factions are engendered—if party
spirit, nourished by unholy persoual ambition,
shail rear its hydra head, I have no good to proph
esy for you. Without intelligence, virtu»3 integ
rity and patriotism ou the part of the people, uo
republic or representative government cau be du |
ruble or stable.
We have intelligence and virtue and patriotism
All that is required is to cultivate aud perpetuate
these- Intelligence will not do without virtue, j
France was a nation of philosophers. These phi- !
los-iphers become Jacobins. They lacked cha*. I
virtue, that devotion to moral principle, and that \
patriotism which is so essi-utial lo good govern
ment. Organized upou principles ax pel feet jus
tice and right—seeking amity and friendship with
ail other powers—I see uo obstacle iu the way of
our upward and onward progress Our growth
by accessions from other States, will de|*eml great
ly upou whether we present to the world, as I
trust we shall, a better government than to which
they belong. If we do tiiis, North Carolina. Tenn
essee and Arkansas cannot hesitate long ; neither
cau Virginia, Kentucky and Missouri. They will
necessarily gravitate to us by an imperious law
We made ample provision in our Constitution for
the admission of other States : it is more guarded
and wisely so, I think, than the old Constitution
on the same subject, but not too guarded to te-
eeive them as fast as it may be proper. Looking
to tho distant future, and, perhaps, not very
distant either, it is not beyond the range of
possibility, aud even probability, that all the
great States of the Northwest shall gravitate this
way as well as Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri,
Arkansas, A c. Should they do so, our doors are
wide enough to receive them, but not until the)
are ready to assimilate with us in principle.
The process of disintegration iu the old Union
may be expected to go ou With almost absolute cer
tainty. We are now the nucleus of a growing
power, which, if we are true to ourselves, our des
tiny and high mission will become the controlling
power on this continent. To what extent acces
sions will go on in the process of time, or where
it will end, the future krill determine. So far as it
concerns States of the old Union, t ey will b'
upon no snch principle of reconstruction as now-
spoken of, but upou reorganization aud new as
similation. (Loud applause ) Such are some ut
tiie glimpses of the future as I catch them.
But at first we must necessarily meet with the
inconveniences and difficulties and embarrass
ments incident to all changes of government
fhese wiH be felt iu our postal affairs and changes
In the channel of trade. These inconveniences, it
is to be hoped, will be temporary, and mast be
trornc with patience and forbearance.
As to whether we shall have war with our late
confederates, or whether all matters of difference
between us shall be amicably settled, I can only
say that the prospect for a peaceful adjustment is
better, so far as I ain informed, than it has been.
The prospeetof war, is at least not so threaten
ing as it has been. The idea of coercion shadow
ed forth in President Lincoln’s inaugural, seems
not to be followed up thus far so vigorously ss
was expected. Fort Sumter, it is believed, will
soon be evacuated. What course will be pursued
towards Fort Pickens and the other forts on the
iulf, is not so well understood. It is to be great
ly desired that ali of them should be surrendered.
Our object is Hence, not only with the North, but
with the world. All matters relating to the pub
lic property, public liabilities of the Union when
we were members of it, we are ready and willing
to adjust and settle, upou the principles of ri
FAREWELL
CALOMEL, BLUE PILL, QUININE
FAREWELL ’
OPIUM, CHLOROFORM, AND ALCOHOL
Railway’s Remedieseombme ali that is required tor
tor tiie purgation, purification, regulation, invignra-
lion, and harmonization "f ail the organs of the lit-
man body.
Railway’s ready relief, taken as a preventive, fur.
titles thb tram • against the influence nf bad air, bed
wafer, damp, sudden changes ot temperature, and ev
ery species of infection. It oahues the throes of agu-
ny as oil stills ti.t- waves. Taken at the first outset of
any Outset of nnv disease it euros atone. Administer
ed later, it suspends the disorder, and affonls nco(.
purtunityforth" »ther remedies to exercise tf.-ir b.
nign influence.
IMPORTANT TO PARENTS.
Every parent should keep s supply of Uudwav s Ready
Relief constantly in tiie house. It not only cures but
will ward off attar ks of Fever and Ague, Croup, I,
Hiienza, Sore Throat, Small Pox, Scarlet Fever. Ty
phnid Fever, and other malignant diseases, an ! ;i
cases of Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Cramp, .Spasm-.
Pains. Aches, and other infertilities, and other infir-
nities, ou application of the Ready Relief externally,
or a teaspoonfu! in a little water as a drink, will stop
the moat excruciating pains in from five to lifo--::
minutes.
In severe attacks of Cronp, Diptheria—or Sore
I’iiroat plague—Rad way’s Ready Relief will nhrays
■sav® life, and quickly cure the patient.
Fxjr Worms there is uo medication so quick as n
lose of Kadway’s Ready Relief.
RAD WAY’S REGULATING VILLs.
Are the great regenerative medicine of the age. L»
dies tor years the victims of depressing, life-Bouau-
uiing complaints of a special nature, are restored t"
health and vigor by tliuir use. All the ordinary affo
tioiis of the stomach, bowels, ami liver, yield to t
first Or second dose. Six Pills suffice in the
cases, aud they operate in fr om three to six hours, mure
effectually thnn thirty of the drastic class given in
such nauseating.quantities. Coated with sweet cum
the Pills have no disagreeable flavor. They not rnlv
eiirp-eostiveness quickly but permanently, and in bi!
iimnu.-ss they are infallible. Dyspeptics who h„ve
suffered for years, recover in a few weeks under till-
painless operation. They net powerfully upon tlu-i ir
dilation of the blood, rendering it uniform and eipn
hie throughout the system.
quality and good faith. War can be of no more
benefit to the North than to us. The idea of co
ercing us. or subjugating us. is utterly prepost"
rons. Whether the intention of evacuating Fort
Sumter is to be received as au evidence of a de
sire for a peaceful solution ot our difficulties with
the United .States, or the result of necessity, I
will not undertake to say. I would fain hope tiie
former. Rumors are afloat, however, that it is the
result ot necessity. All I can say to you, there
fore, on that point is. keep your armor bright aud
your powder dry. (Enthusiastic applause.)
The surest way to secure pence, is to show
your ability to maintain your rights. The princi
ples and position of the present Administration ot
the United States—the Republican party—present
some puzzling questions. While it is a fixed
principle with them, never to allow the increase ot
a foot of slave territory, they seem to be equally
determined, not to part with an inch “of tho ac
cursed soil ” Notwithstanding their clamor j
against the institution, they seem to be equally
opposed to getting more, or letting go what they
have got. They were ready to tight on the ac
cession of Texas, and are equally ready to fight
now on her secession. Why is this? How can
this strange paradox he accounted for! I’heie
seems to ba lint one rational solution—and that
is. notwithstanding their professions of huiuaiiuy.
they are disinclined to give up the benefits they
derive from slave labor Their philanthopy yields
to tt eir interest. The idea of enforcing the laws,
has but one object, and that is a collection of the
taxes, raised by slave labor to swell the fund, ne
cessary to meet their heavy appropriations. Tiie
spoils is what they are after—though they come
from th" labor oi the slave. (Continued applause )
Mr. Stephens reviewed at some length, the ex-
travagence and profligacy of appropriations by
the Congress of the United States for several years
past, and in this connection took occasion to al
lude to another one of the great improvements in
our new Constitution, which is a clause, prohibit
ing Congress from appropriating any money from
the Treasury, except hy a two thirds vote, unless it
be for someohject, which tho executive may say is
necessary to carry on the Government.
When it is thus asked for, and estimated, he
continued, the majority may appropriate. This
was a new feature.
Our lathers had guarded the assessment of taxes,
by insisting that representation mid taxation
should go together This was inherited from tne
mother country, England It was one of the
principles upon which the Revolution Lad been
fought. Our fathers also provided in the old Con
stitution, that all appropriation bilis shouiJ origi
nate in the Representative branch of Congress,
bnt our new Constitution went a step fnrther, and
guarded, not only the pocket* of the people, but
also the public money, after it was taken from their
pockets.
He alluded to Hie difficulties and embrrassments
which seemed to surround the question of n
peaceful solutiou ot tho controversy with the old
government. How can it be done / is perplexing
many minds. The President seems to think that
ItADWAY S RENOVATING RESOLVENT
Searches the di"ca*"d blow!, and pur"*** it of inttfima.
lory and corrupting particles. For chronic diseases
.-nipposed to he infixed in tiie flesh anil tissues pitd ali
i. -ip, it is the one sole invariable cure. There is not a
flesh or skin disorder that can resist thin mighty di.-in
l.-ctcnt. Ulcerated Sore Throat, Bronchitis. Tubercles
on the Inngs, all forma of ulueraliou, inward or out
ward, suedimb before its anti septic anti-iiiHauiatorv
action.
Railway's Remedies are sold by druggists every
where.
RADWAY Sz CO., 23 John Street, N. T.
1CE.XTN.
HERTY fc IIALL, Midedgeville; DAVIS £
GREEN, Eatonton,- J. C. BATES, Louisville; A. A
CULLEN, Snmiersville. 44 It
little in saying, maybe considered as five times ( he cannot recognize onr independence, nor cau
more than the colonies possessed at the time they
achieved their independence. Georgia alone pos
sessed last year, according to the report ef our
Com, troller General $ti72.U(»MfoO of taxablo pro
perty. The debts of the seven Confederate State*
sum'up iu the aggregate less than $18,000,(100;
while the existing debts of the other of tbo, late
United Htates sum np in the aggregate the enor
mous amount of Hl74,tRW,WJt*. This is wKhent
taking imo the account tbc heavy city debts, cor
poration debts aud railroad debts, which press,
and will continue ta press, a heavy Rumbus upon
the resources of those States. These de6ts, added
to others, make a sum total not much uuder $500,-
(Mtfl.OfM). With such an area of territory—with
such au amount of population—with a climate
aud soil unsurpassed by any ou the fus uf the
earth—with swell - resources already at our eom-
ictions which control the com
be, with aud by the advice of the Senate, do so.
The Constitution makes no such provision A
general Convention of all the States has been sug
gested by some.
Without proposing to solve the difficulty, he
barely made the following suggestion :
That as the admission of States by Congress
under the Constitution was an act of legislation,
and in tbo nature of a contract or compact be-
tween the States admitted and the others admit
ting, why should not thia contractor compact_fce
regarded as of Like character with all other civil
contracts—liable to be rescinded by mutual 'agree
ment of both parties ? The seceding States have
rescinded it on their part. Why cannot tbo whole
question be settled, if the North desire peace,
simply by tho Congress, in both branches, with
the concurrence of the President, giving the*
eonssat to the separation and a recognition of our
BLOOD FOOD ! BLOOD FOOD!!
Are you despairing? Have yon tried other rewe
dies and failed ' Do you classify Dr. Biooson’s Blood
Food with other patent medicines? Listen?
U would be impossible to let you know of the Blod
Food without resorting to advertising. Now. tin.
q.nicks resort to the same method to acquaint you w.tii
their patent medicine*, does not moke this preparatiea
tiie same style of article oi nil as their*. Dr. Brens' 11
is a teacher in our medical colleges, and a very cele
brated lecturer ou phy.-ioli gy; aud bin preparation*—
not patent medicines—are the retailt of an old l>hy* ;
(■inn’s great experience and knowledge. Theu do M
despair. Though you Imve fried other remedies s ■
failed, try this and you wiH surely be cured. Con
suinptive! you may be eared by this. UiifortnDst'-
whose over-taxed system lias brought on some ehrou»;
disease, numbers suffering as you are, find relief sre <
restoration to p rfeet health from the Blood hood.
Dpspeptie! try ifr AU suffering from Liver Comjdnint.
inafo'r female weakness, or any complaint caused t>)
poverty or difficiency of blood, feed your blood k" 3
the Blood Food /rad bo well.
Mothers! Mothers!! It’ you value yonr own
comfort and the health of your children, keep Dr. by
tons infantile Cordial always in the house. It I s M *'’-
tree from puregorie and ali opiates, midis seer 11,
remedy for Diarrhoea, Summer Complaint, itn-l clv
case* attending teething, and a great as*i*tunce •
softening the g.tms.
t sffoSee advertisem"lit.
Forsaleby HERTY Sv HA LI., and GRIEVE £
CLARK. MiUudgevUle. 14 4u
ty koSSUTH’M Advent, or the nuptials of L**
Napoleon, are nothin** to tiie exoitemeut thaf i* ^ ,
baix>£T produced by *‘Ja^’»b’a Cordial.” It i* ‘"* !r,fc
sold in hug* quantified tbroa^Loot the Cniretl
18 bottiea were uoM iu Lagrange by Dr. Xom» 1
druggist, in one half boor'# time. j
For sale in Mdledgeviile bv HERTY & H.UCf-®*
GRIEVE & CLARK. « A-
Woodruff’s Concords.
I T is a general acknowledged fact that tW
Buggies are far superior to any cow
*cd l*d
Buggies are far superior to any
tbe .-State. Tlioy run lighter, rule easier
longer, t‘ an any other Buggies; hence the
id demand for them iu many parts of ,his r 7 ,,,j
also, in Tennessee, Alabama and Florida- * J : -|
want a good Boggy or U’sriiag. of auy kind
pay yon well 10 go to Griffin, or send vj ,ur _ j,
Woodruff keeps a large stock from the fane
down to the Iron axle Plantation Wagon ^
Any person can Im supplied direct!^
York by giving their orders to WOODRL
Co.. Griffin, Ga.
May 8,1860.
rnr COCGIIS. The redden changes ol’ ^
mate are soarecs of Pulmonary, Bcoakcial, «. . ^
matic Affections. Experience having proveO „
pie remedies often sot speedily and cprtaimy , |l# ^
kea ip the early stage* of the disease, res ”'^ lieS »r
atoneobe had to “Brown’s MrteobiM TrreW* |he
Lozenges, let the Cold, Cough, or Irrits, ,
Throat be ever so slight, a* by this precaution )j( .
serious attack may be effectually warded *’">. jgsr-
Speokersand Singers wiH find them effeetual f ' {
rag and strengthening tbe voice. See advert" ^
December 18C0.