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• •• FREDERICK S. FEU. errt rai*T«j Daily Fm»: y f'<i ...Eight Dollars pet uni t ut. Country Taper Sis Dollars per annum Mtuhitt lit iiiVifr* Again, we arc fold tVtal tbit tcalrictWe policy tion.i* the amount of }ib consumption. ’T he cl cr, theieforr, any njuibn cun be furnished the fconsudnable onnirfiodities required for supply of her wants, the less the. lax upon he ntiui resources, If, under the operation ol eiisting duties the nations) consumption is i millions of dollars (I speak hypothetically,) you add thirty three and one .third per centur tjiewMieUfher ciOteni b:thi« refenri* ' \ luv nn iko .. . h " V buhls hhl h 2,747,484 765,364 In the yuara 1817^ ’18— 1.557,019 138,493 3,149 In 1810 anti 'll thett were f.kportei and.teing fefcommenfled hy ttie experience of ' \ tfSsss”^ w Sl ““ “ , ' rf *»■ saaf iMmftss, p$zp tisxss'z^^ to the nation! „ . P ' Com Vlottr. Rice. ?obar.co 1 first instance by the importer, for the privilege of *'«; " ,lh A .? ,ow w s «Pport of the gov* tlefi eq hhds Introducing foreign commodities into the home eminent, will never be bbjccted to by the 87?9 matket, it would seeqi rca sonnbh, it not necertn- people of these States. They cherish too rvt that it should bdhr% direct preportion to the strong an attachment to this Union not to' value of the article at the place where tt was pro contribute, most cheerfully, their just firo* difference 1,190,465 626,871 68,at4 7,893 Xt’ihisbiil ndopta another principle, and hy cloinVaol'iho^nl^ ^ ^ WCc ™'* valuation, twice and in some instances, expenses ot tho nation. 9 1 These facts centum* by i duties alre.tay -c, k , , you a<hl tltirty tnree anti one.tntruper cemum,ur Vi ational Js OMl'MlllOH, , R new imposition of duties, will not the annual un j these two nuti At a meeting of the Democratic . ‘ productive expenditure of the nation be increased j ships engsged'lh thi3 Iw ha 1 e b Mem twenty millions ? A psrt of this sum, it is true, | cut of employment, and their marke nf It... will EO into the pocket of the home manufacturer, ‘ gainst our surplus produce. A siroiU 190,465 626,871 68,814 7,393 R-.it, tilts bill adopts ntto show the pernicious eff. cts of the an arbitrary valuation, twi< ? imposed on the importations from three times as high as the ions, by which, at least thirty-five ly prohibits the importati «Maty een‘ Uirown sumption with the payment its closed a. the amount of duty ‘ fffect has first instance, the, revenue fs W.W. It. CRAWFORD, of Georgia, be tecommended to the people of the United Sta es as a for the office of President fiLBEft'V GJyLLAT\.\\ Iviliii | niitj tins ib oniicti cntiVM'itv>• — - - •• —■ ■■ * lu I, t ,r sir, 1 protest against tin use here attempted commerce, bankrupt our merchants, and by con i tobemadeof "the sactcd associations of home*’ lining the surplus productions of agriculture at: The generous impulses which are ever awakened home, te diminish their value, and impoverish all . -hvhisi uiu.ii.9i, 31 rsetr ... ur uitiotR IT™' thCy arC b0Und ‘° P t0 . te8t - thl » ifya diminished con- mt,. proposes a rate of duties, not only weight of the tax.— higher than that which is called for by the I it appear to be the wants of the Treasury, but so excessive as prtKluce these effect* Sir, to threaten a diminution of the consume masked .eg 1 s ! .noo, t ., urn , io „ of the duticcl articles, and thereby?£ high minded ,m P alr the public revenue, ur measures Cotton bagging is used,exclusively,with- impose it by pro! contl, it is lessened ‘ iloned by the case does it appear to , and not reputable to )f this Union are high .MM , i and honest, and' they expect from your measures Cotton bagging is used,exclusively, no more than meeta the eye. They will never in these States, and, as the manufacture of <* *hc United St. „ . proper Cuidi&l. iTufmnT^T^o'SrtirtSJ’rSSSi; Wl .**$»«+. SSdkM 'Sg-SflFC'! T t3SSw3Wh UU when the wisest statesmen of Europe are yield- tibn ot the poor than on the rich Low priced encouragement of the'cultivator ofliemp. tabiishments so much greater than those of coin, the most exceptionable char cter i Should you ‘ time, greater profits than that invested in any o- equally as practicable on all classes of the merce and agriculture, as to promise advantages not rather improve the occasion, so auspicious for j liter branch of naikinal industry. Hut the history community, throughout the various sub* to the labor and capital whirh may be transferred I the purpose, to secure ami multiply foreign mar-; of manufactures in England proves fliat such pro divisions of the Union. Nothine ronld lie latter to the former ? If so, they surely keu, hv increasing the facilities to foreign inter. I faction U not necessary to the success of this ape- - ... « no protection { but should ba called on to count? Sir, your foreign commerce, consisting cu-s of manufacture Nay, air, it proves that those: ’' > ea * a " 0S P cct mni ® “Rh 111 " or invidious Tills subject has been so much discussed both fsirniab aid, if aid were necessary, to tho less pros-! of nearly eight hundred thousand tuna of ship- . flourish most which have been least protected: for ln8n ® «* «R onr »Ub division Ot the Union, in tnd out of Congress, that I would not now ask porous branches of productive industry. Hut, if ping, and employing forty thousand seamen, is | her silk and wnoleen manufactures, which have by which the profits of its capital and labor <* .* a! — f a 1. a. I A ... ama It nnf fm. I It A Haul . • _ .... ~t .1 a _a a ..a a a 1 ..... a i K«» a It ii.tmi n..na nn*i aitli/tifiwla Tn it i o in. 1 K a Art an arttnltr min Mrlaiil unr) tVVnlnnl ml k«i lulL .I.A..I J L A _ I_ .1 1 — aL a — _ I _ . . . iv OW TBS BIU, LATINO DUTIES aV IMPORTS. OBUVBRLD IB THE SEN ATI' < F TUK V fcTATES, May 3, 1824. «fr, 1 consider its pollcy as more than qutKt'uma ble. 1 he power “to more labor and capital into a channel acknouledg. * pass o lay and collect taxes, duties ! ed to be so unproductive ? Should this bill imports, and excises,” was en'natcd to Congress i ,j, e profits of imnaficttircrs would be great in principally with a view to Ihe .revenue ol the ,i e ,j But as the payment of them must be made country! yet, in the tudicious exercise of it, in I fur the annual resources of the nation, it would by the imposition of duties on foreign importations, j so n-.uch increste tho expenditure for nntioml it w i* intended to sahserve th' double purpose of | «bnsumption > and the consumption of a nation is augmenting tho revenue, an I protecting the growing manufactures of the nation. These have wcoordingly, been the legitimate objects of the laws, hitherto passed hy Congress, in relation to this subject—The-wat of 1812 gave astonishing activity to our infant manufactures. Preventing, almost entirely, the introduction of foreign arti det, it left the consumption of the nation to be attpplied, in a grest measure, by the t (Torts o* domestic capital and labor. The extraordinary dm...rid thus ere ted for domestic articles ensuv ed to the manufacturers correspondent profits; and capitalists, forgetting the transitory characte- of the cause which occasioned this date of thing-, mo t improvidenUy invested large sums in manu facturing establishm- n's. These establishments did well so long us the artificial stimulus, under which they were crcaieu, continued to operate But the war at length closed, the monopoly wa At an end, and ruin se tned inevitable. At this critical moment, air, Congress interposed: amt, al though it was not possible to save all, ran.y hav ing paid for their establishments three nr four tiin-s the vafae of them, and bCsome instances, too, with money borrowed from bar ks at ixtrava- f snt rates of interest, yet, it was hoped the pru- rnt and the practical might he relieved. Accor- finely, the law of 1816 was passed, under the as aura .€•* of the manufacturers themselves that they utre satisfied with its provisions, but which Wt-ic m -'le still more favorable to them by the k« of 1818, which subsequently passed on the same subject. The result of these acts, at this time, is a full Treasury, and •< ‘ax on the consump tion of foreign commodities, operating as a bounty to domestic manufacture*, of upwards of 20,000,. 000 of dollars annually t Thus far the nation has gone, if nut cheerfully, certainly without excite ment j for the wants of the Treasury teemed to justify it, and the depressed state of manufactures, from particular causes, called for something like the new regulations then adopted. But now, sir, our finances are adequate to (be annual disburse ments of the nation! and if they are not improv ing, they require not the augmentation of existing duties to sustain them. This, then, is not to be regarded as a revenue bill * its advocates will not succeed in attempting to pass it off on the nation ns such. It is too apparent that its sole object is the p- ofit of the manufacturer, at the expense of ail those who may find it either convenient or ne subtraction from, and not an addition to, its stum si wealth. I cannot perceive, then, that this measure will add any tiling either to the indepen dence, the industry, or the wealth of the Uiilti-d States. Hut, 1 do think I can perceive many pernicious consequences which mu*t result from its adoption VVliat sir, will belts effects upon the commercial, navigation, and agricultural interests of the na tion. These are so intimately connected, that, in considering this subject, I choose not to separate them. They are, indeed, so bound together by lie strongest ties of mutual dependence and reei- procsl advantage, Ui *t no one of them c»ti be se riously burdened without inflicting some enrres ji -ndent injury on the others. The snnuai sur j*|.s* produce* of agriculture derives its value, rincipally, from that commercial enterprise, vliiub, by the means of navigation, seeks out for it-the best market^ however remote; thus secur ing to it the highest prices,.tnd supplying in return, the consumable commodities of other countries, -vhich maybe wanted, on the lowest terms; while the profits of the labor and capital employed in these transfers, by the merchant and ship owner, gradually advances with the increasing demand for the supplies which they .furnish. Hut the pmfiisofthis system of exchange must ever be irt the inverse ratio of the restrictions imposed upon it. On the exports of the nation, the constitution has wUely interdicted all burdens, while, on the imports, it h it permitted Congress to lay and col tect duties and imports, as s legitimate source of revenue. And,notwithstanding the heavy l«sse-. experienced under the operation of the Milan and Berlin decrees, the-disastersofth* late British war, the pressure of the embargoes which preceded it, and the no less destructive effects of that un expected competition which followed, on the sud den return of universal peace, the Treasury of the nation has already received,from this single sourc'. about tiiree hundred and fifty millions of dollar* ? This fact inconteslibly proves the value and im.. i ortance of these branches of the productive in dustry,of the nation, and justifies the policy which would cherish them as the foundation of its wealth and power. But, sir, the bill on your table proposes to protect and sustain an extended system of do mestic manufactures, by (he imposition- of exces sive, if not prohibitory dutirs on imports. It is most manifest, then, that it contemplates additional T'rnm, this source also must you luok for the strerph and efficiency of your navy. This is the school Where seamanship is acquired, enterprise encouraged, ami dangers rendered familiar. The hardy and adventurous sailor is to be found only where foreign ommerce is duly appreciated anil encouraged H. herto the commerce r.f the Uni ted States has bten fostered and encouraged: and no nation ever bosstednf seamen more skilful or patriotic 'ban the American tars Under the com mand of our gallant naval officers, what di • not these meritorious men achieve for this nation du ring the last wia? They first checked the proud triumphs of the enemy, and broke the talisman of British navu! invincibility: They saved ycur north ero frontier from invasion, by the brilliancy of their victories on the lakes—and on the Atlantic Ocean, they bore your iligin triumph bven to the shores ol Engla id) Nay,sir, disdaining confine, ment within those limits,they doubled Cape Horn, and, with a single ship, created t fleet from the spoil* of the pnemy in,the Pacific Ocean! The A- mcricHn Navy is no longer the theme of continue ccssary to consume foreign merchandise. _ And restrictions on these important branches of indus- will Congress undertake thus to interfere with the t r y, calculated not only to lessen their profits, but Are we prepared to assume the exercise of such ■ power in the face of the nation? To a revision of * the ariff, sir, I should have had no objection. This is an operation which may be advantageously attempted at regular periods, with a view to a ju dic.icms distribution ot the duties among the vari ohs objects of the tax. But, against a periodical increase of'he imposts of the nation, not called for by me existing state of the Treasury, but induced by the importunity of the manufacturing interest «f the country, and for the sole benefit of this par ticular class, I do most solemnly protest. I consider this bill, then, Mr. President, as lay- irg the foundation of an odious system of restric- country shipping employed in furnishing the accustomed supply of the dutied articles, be thrown out of employment. In the year 1807, fifteen ships were employed from the town nf 3*lem alone, in the British Bast India trade, and brought in principally white cotton fabrics, paying an advalorem duty, and valued at upwards of four millions of dollars: but the laws of 1816 and 1818, imposed a duty so excessive on these articles, that, in the year 1819, two ships only could be maintained in the trade] A similar effect must necessarily be produced by these new regulations, whenever the duties are greatly increased : for, the duty being a tax Upon consumption, the consumption will lessen as the tion in this country, which may not readily be laid tax is augmented But the consumption will aside, £ven after its pernicious effects shall have 1 always regulste the supply ** been asceruned. its obvious effects will be to he imported, than can b and reproach; it has fought itself into the con lenc'i «nd affections nf the people, and is consi dored by all as an imperiant arm of national de fence Most unwi.-e; then, should <ve be, if, di*. regarding the honorable experience of the past, we not only neglect to foster and protect this in valuable establishment, but pass taws like the one on your table, in direct hostility to its future gnivth and efficiency. But, sir, how will t he provisions of this bill ope rate on your revenue? It the assertion I commcnc ed wi»h be correct, that the power “to lay ami collect takes, duties, and imposts,” was intrusted to Congre-s principally with a view to the rove nuc of the nation, it is surely incumbent on us to see that we pass no laws, in the exercise of tb<s power, which shall diminish the revenue. The a- mount of n revenue derived from imports must always be in the direct ratio of the consumption of the dutied articles; for, the consumption consul ti ling the demand, will ever regulate the supply But the consumption must necessarily depend up on the means of the nation to purchase the arti cles wanted The less the price of these articU s, then,the greater the means for their procurement: and, by consequence, the greater the quantity that will be consumed Btk this bill proposes s cnnliderable augmentation of the existing duties, which, being a tax on the use of the articles spe cified, must necessarily lessen their consumption by diminishing the means of payment. To what degree the consump ion of the country will be ef fee ted by those new regulations, it is not possible to say with precision. Yet It may safely be af firmed, should the bill pass with its present provi sions, they must lessen the receipts tn the Trea sury, aPer the first year, more than two million!! And will there be no danger to the revenue from smuggling? The high prices consequent upon excessive duties hsvi in every country produced an illegal supply of the dutied articles, by which the wants of the nati-m have been relieved, and the revenue defrauded Could the government so enforce the execution of this law as to pre- vent the illicit introduction of foreign goods, most of the new duties might be realized: for, such is the force of habit arising from the long use of particular articles, that more than their value might be obtained from those who could illy af ford to pay for them. But England, with her thousand ships of war, and her army of revenue officers, has not been able to ensure the execution ot her laws on this subject And the United States, in such a contest with her citizens, where , the duties are deemed excessive, must prove e- No more then, will qually powerless. Since the foimationofthisgo e^consnmcd t and the vernment, under the wise imposition of moderate there has accru cl to the Treasury from alone, the sum of £350,000,000! sitoiis Hut, by the provisions of the bill, as it now is, it is proposed to tax those most wlto are least able to bear it. And should you enact a law of this character, woidd the public sentiment suf far ii to remain on vour statute boo*:? No, sir t I think 1 hazard nothing in saying it would not loog resist the common sense nf the,nation. Ilut, Si , I am constrained, I v the strongest mo tives of'lutj, to l q.iirc wtiat will be the probable effect of tbis bill upon the,interests of the cotton growing states —These «re entirely agricultural, m well by the Itabita of their paople, as the policy of their civil institutions. And their prosperity is of vital importance to the whole Union: for whether this nation is to heco.no a m.imifuciuring community gradually ns its wants shall dictate, or more rapidly, by the force -of artificial sllmii- a nts, the cotton of the South is equally necessary to the profitable employment of us capital and la bor. Under our present policy, these states not only furnish the ratv material for the cotton fabrics manufactured nt home, but give employment to our navigating interest by offering to capitalist, an export produce of the value of upwards of twenty millions ofdo.lars, equal to nearly one hull or the whole exports of the United State*. Hut,it the value of cotton exported, $20,44.5,320 You add for tabmcco 6,000.000 Tor rice l,n2fi,98.5 For flour and corn 3,000.000 _ And, — .urmcr, sir— greatly to the honor nf our merchants, this im- U ? ^ commerce being but the exchange of equivalents, j mense amount has been collected and paid into ^yofthq^t 1 , arqglespyoduccd to CkCttgLthj- » refusal on our part to recet.e imports, must ] the coffers of the nation with the loss of less than jiressed to afford further eiicouragement ? No, m oy we not calculate, too, on counte: vailing meas- j regulations are necessary for the support air j you will probably °^°M,and that truly, that ure*. from those nations whose produce we thus ! vernment, and not intended for partial pu sfromou *— 1 • “ “ * “ un of the induced, if you did not force, all the capital and Portugal, will furnish the answer. Excluding the labor employed in manufactures to take that di period ~ ‘ ‘ ~ rection; and you will be constrained by the amount of this capital invested, snd now not to be with drawn i if you are not compelled by the strength of the manufacturing interest on this floor, to go on with your sustaining measurer, until you find the nation involved in all the odious consequences of the British restrictive system. And what, sir, are the equivalent advantages promised you by the advocates of this measure 1 Domestic manu fixtures thus encouraged, say they, will render us independent of foreign nations, in one point of view, this is certainly most desirable. But are we not already physically independent ? Has not tbis nation long since, been able to produce all that is ntceesary for her. support and defence 1 And is there any other attainable, or even desirable inde pendence for civilized communities 7 Absolute independence belongs not to ciiilized man; and it can be affirmed of the savage, only from the paucity of his wants. The true independence of a civilized man, consists in l he power of gratifying tiU want?! and this power depends o n the quantity At consumable articles he can obtain in exchange ■for his surplus produce or labor. But tbis quantity will be gret-ter or less in proportion to the extent of the market and the freedom of exchange. For it is them the profits of commercial intercourse, growing out of the mutual ward? of civilized socie ty, that enterprise is stimulated to seek out distant markets, where the moat advantageous exchanges are to be effected. Eveiy restraint, then, im- poaed upon him in these psrtictiiars, abridge lin. power,and necessarily lessens his lnuepei.* of the late war between the United States and Great Britain, We will compare the impor's and exports of the years 1810 and 1811, with those of 1817 and 1818; the first being before, and the Inst after, the impotiiii n of the present duties In the'years 1810 and 1811, there were import ed into the United Stales, from Spain and her de- pendeqpies— Wines. Spirits From other from gr tin. materials. 1,454,012 galls 1,577gull* 1,017,653 galls In i he years 1817 and 1818— 917,201 333 157,038 difference, 536,(til J,244 £00,615 In the years 1810 anu 1811, there wet a export ed to Spain, and her dependencies, from the U. States— Corn. Fleur. Kice, Tobacco bshls. bbls. tierces. . hhds. 1,563,509 855,419 65,264, 13,733 In the yeifs 1817 and 1818— 158.888 198,975: 21,989 6,411 43.275 difference, 1,404,621 656,444 In the years 1810 and 'll tn from Portugal and her dependencies into the U States— • Wines. Spirits, From othet ftori, grain materials. 918,046 galls. 54,090 galls. 33,916gil*. In ik- ears 1817 6l2,66o 431 2o,966 difference 305,386 # {13,6.59 12,940 V if go. purposes, of the nation will sustain and en- Let your laws, then, sir, be just, their object the public interest, and operating as equally as practicable oh all classes of our citizens, and you will require no guards to secure to them their intended effec. But you have no right to calculate on the aid of this princi pie in the enforcement of laws of a contrary char riiy increasing the burdens of the poor and labor.. rtf the South, lor the benefit (if that nf the ingc'assof the community, the committee who <Vest; and, if the principle bo- corre6t,it reported this bill had much better have provided may be carricd int0 Ken( . r ' al operution-Io f.r the reduction in salt and the cheaper descrip, t> „r„ .a,. „ e, ,. tiunsoftes, with a view to the relief 6l the neces- w .''. ev ® nt, t , toils geographical dt. visions of the nation would be tound array ed in interest? against each other, at (ft* imminent hazard of that peace and harmo ny which are ever so essential to the public weal. ■ On the articles of coarse woollens, baae, plaids, and homb-zetts, it imposes-a dsty, which, wi'h all the charges of imjjortHi'on, will exceed 60 per centum. But these fabrics compose tho winter garments of e great portion of the poorer classes of the community; and a particular description of them imported for that purpose, is extern sivly used for the clothing of our hfark population And, should this excessive duty he paid upon them, it would prove a mos' burdensome tux upon the consump tion f these Stalest But I am persuaded, sir, its rigid exaction, would soon force from our markets the accustomed Supply 'jhese goods, for the fitofile could not afford ov fidy then. And, When l!ic»c j'lall.be th-is excluded, ts it expected'hut t' % manufac* lures of the East and the’WdM will be received as a substitute? No, sir; the ruin ous effects of this restrittiVc system, if not o Just sense of the injury inflicted on the resources of those States. f<>r 'he benefit of a particular interest, o/uvored class, will prevent the consumption of any domestic iabriccs which are not - produced within i heir own limits Kconomy in expenditure, from necessity, will become the order of the day, and no one will be disposed to purchase what he may be able to produce at home. However man. f.tciuvers, then, may sue* ceisd in driving toreign competition from our markets, they will not befauccesslul in their attempt to force the consumption of. their tabrices upon us at. the extravagant prices this bill will authorize them to de mand. We, loo, sit, may be taught fa crcou age Aome industry, and if compelled to become independent of foreign ma iufuc- tures, we may be induced to qnes'i n the policy which would make us tributary to those of our own country. But, sir should this bill pass, would it afford the beliel an ticipated by domestic manufacturer*? As it is not proposed to loan money to our manufacturers, it is obvious this measure will not directly increase the capital employ ed. Its only immediate effect will hfa to increase the profits of that capital. Bui.it is believed that those who are most impor tunate for relief, possess least of this capi tal; while the real capitalists are satisfied with the existing duties: wisely preferring stability in your laws, with certain profits, to those fluctuations inseparable from fre quent charges, and whose result defy all Should this bill become a law, the profits of the capjtal now empfoy- cd undet skilful management, wtll be im mense, But this extraordinary encourage- ment must soon attract so much additional capital and labor into this favored ent - ", ment, as to overstock the market with Ihp- fabrics which would be produced: and, art less sustained by new stimulants, the whole system, like the bloated carcase of an epicure, must sink beneath the weight of its own indulgences. Nor could any relie! be anticipated from exportation: for, if our manufacturers Aire unable to compete at home, with ioreign fabrics, having the ad vantage of the existing duties, how can they hope to succeed in other markets with* out the aid of any duty , ami burdened with all the charges of exportation? Those, therefore, who possess but little capital, M-king an aggregate of £32,266,.*U5 Y»u will have un export produce from tie eight southern states, being but one third of the whole number of states, of mot • than four-sixths of the entire domestic ex portation of the nation l The quantity of cotton produced In 182 2 was about 600, 000 bales of 300 weig!.. each, or 180.000,000 of pounds ol all d< s criptions. Ol this quantity, not more than 100 000 bales were required for domestir consumption. Five hundred thousand bales, then, or live sixths ol the whole produce, were left on the bauds of the'^growers.;'* seek a foreign market. Ofthese, four hun dred and sixty eight thousand seveq hun dred and sixty-five bales were exported • British ports; and the residue, to France. Holland, and other places on the Continent. From these facts it is obvious, that the cul lure of cotton in the United States is sue ported principally hy the foreign consump. tlon of the raw material. And although the domestic consumption may be expected to increase, yet the capacity ol the country to produce the article being equal to any exigency, a correspondent increase of the raw production must inevitably follow the new demand It is, then, the interest ol the States engaged in this valuable cultiva lion to- cherish' the subsisting intcrcdtirse with foreign nations, that the demand for these productions may not only ho secured, hut extended. But the cominuence of a commeriial traffic of thfa character, will depend upon the mutual pr .fits of the cx-f calculations, changes which may be effected. And as raw materials are required only for manu facture, the most profitable exchanges for the manufacturer are the fabrics produced at his factory Either, therefore, to prohib it the importation of these directly,or groat* ly to .lessen their consumption by excessive duties,is to weaken the inducements to this traffic and thereto endanger the market for Amor, cottons. Were there no other coun- tri'.s from whencecoitonscould be procnroil but theU States, no apprehensions of a loss of the market would be indulged. But when this valuable material is produced in the West Indies, in South America, in In dta, and even in Egypt, in quantities and pie tn me enforcement <u taws ot a contrary char qualities to BUtt the wants of the European acter. The reason of the case is totally different, manufacturer, no difficulty can be exner- and a moral and intelligent community will not; i cnf . et i j n commanding a conmwent a „" hesitate long in drawing the proper distinction . , , , ... K P tent supply. | _ r But, should the revenue be diminished by this And tl ? ls 8u PP*y Wl11 be so «g't in those i realizelomparatlvely no benefit from speculation in iavor of domestic manufactures, the' countries where the consumption of the this measure, while such as are in the sk«» deficiency must be supplied from aome other source. And agriculture, already languishimtun- dcr these, restrictions, from a diminution or her m rkett, must be subjected to additional burthens. In the present state of this cardinal branch of na tional industry, a system of direct taxation would be ruinous. Yet to such a measure the govern ment must resort in the event-of a failure of the revenue from imports. The revenue derived from this source is now adequate to the necessary disbursements of thfafmtion, but the Treasury re port shews it is gradually decreasing i and this diminution can be accounted for only from the diminished consumption of the dutied articles, oc i, n. i hi. cpetifc';.: 7,322 t he agricultural interest, then, is deeply concern re were imported ed in the impost regulations which are proposed in this bill: and it becomes those who have been deputed to represent it, to see that no higher du. ties are imposed than the financies may require, nd that these be so distributed aniom- the vuriniis manufactured articles shall afford the great cat encouragement to 'he capital and labor employed in their production. Under thfa view of the subject, sir this bill is calculated most seriously to affect the interests of the South, by diminishing the value of its most important staple; and thereby causing the transfer of much labor and capital to pther cultivations^now known to be less productive. Buijahe effects of the measure will be felt, nbFonly ip the diminution of the receipts of the planter, but in the augmentation of his expendit I As agriculturists, the inhabitants of the South purchase almost all the manufactures, of every description, which they consume. It is, then, obviously, their interest to pro. icy of any free government Vo eottiucitytu. h-;Av ;■ > . • % i'ul employment of an adequate sum would hazard tbe lo*s of the regular profits whicli they now enjoy, in the vain hope of secu ring greater. I cannot perceive, then, that this restrictive policy would benefit ultim ately, even the manufacturers Uiemselvesi and, as I entertain no doubt of its deleter ious operation on the interests of all other classes of the community, I must be per mitted to express a hope that my motion will*pievui|f and that the bill will finully be rejected. i: It is stated, that more than a' hundred thousand passengers have been carried in the Steam-boat Fulton and Connecticut, fa ory:/Miv|to matfagemsn't of Ih'c bn,its. Vkf