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-is-s-i*, lislti .\a abnmuvlj VOLUME LIII SAVANNAH, GA.. WEDNESDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 7.1850. NUMBER 287. pernor s pXKiTTlVR DEPARTMENT, r Mm.kdukvili.k, 6th Nov. 1855. J •„yv iWtrnt of " fit Senate and Wommu/ Kfprcimtdtivtt: y,. B ba»o assembled as the reprekentaUves ! ib* people, to review tbo administration ib* Stato Govoruuioot, for tbo last twu „•*, and to cnaot suoh lawe aa your wis- «may dictate, to bo nooeaaary for th# r notion of the publlo atolfaro. You moat t .icr circumstances well calculated to awak- gratitude to Uaavan. For although ^he ■tvioaa yaar waa ona of drought and coin- »r*tive aoarcity,and memorable for tha meN acholy ravage* of yoltnw fovar upon our •inclpal aaaport city,yat,tba temporary frown t'rovtdanoa haa passed away,and again we o»k la bit beneficent (mile*. Paaoe, health d.I prosperity reign throughout our bordere; « atill enjoy tba messing* of civil and re- (ioua liberty ; all thing* combine to pro- rite u« to that rlghtcousneia which “exalt- th a Nation." TREASURY. I herewith aubinil tha Report of tha Tnaa- far, exhibiting fully the oporationa of tho 1 partuont, tor the luat two fiscal veara, : ling uu tha 20th of October. It appear* nt thore wan at that data, an available bal- t et in the Treusnry of #00,793 24. The Western k Atlantio Rail lloak paid iv the Treasury. in 1854, the auiu of $50,- Thera were also collected from tho fjtral Government, on acoount of military iiiuf, # 11.331 79. In 1855 and prior to ; e lft of October, tha Western «f- Atlantio til Koiid paid in tho further aum of $100,- 0 00. Tho Treaauror alao received on ao cat of tho sale of tho reverted lands in ; Cherokee region, sold 4 uuder an net of .< last Legislature, the aum of # 19,302 61. viu the aula of the States’ intercat in lands . me Chattahoochee, under an aet of the jt «c-sion, he received the further aum of 11. lleuco, for the two flaoal years, .i i'reosury hasreooived tho aggregate aura $182,027 42, from extraordinary sources, anticipated by the laat Legialature in the <;iaute or revenue. The aggregate receipts tho Treasury, from ordinary sources, for .t two yeara was $930,244 03; and the ao- id nggrogatb of disbursements, for the satno at, a as $946,874 97 ,* showing that thero .aid hare been a detlcit, without the re* .;;tslrora these extraordinary sources, of 16.730 94. Now, the act of the 24th of •tccuiber, 1845, creates a lion upon the Wes* mi A Atlantio Rail Road and its nett earn- :p or tho redemption of the Stands,amount- :g to $125,500 00, which it authorised to < i.-sued for the extension of that work. ,'hcy tall due in July and Deoember 1856. iut’joeing that a deficit in the Trensury to q««i the demands upon it, must necessarily ur; finding it also impracticable to call these Bonds, except to the amount of {19.500, and feeling perfectly confident that 2* future procoods of tho road will he amply mficient to meet tho balanoo of $106,000.. before or at maturity, I directed the Irtisurer to carry the raunios paid in, from ::»i source, into the general fund, uso them 2 the paymont of the public Debt and in terest,and the regular operations of the Trens- iry. The Committee of Finance on the State of it Treasury, Ao., called my attention to tt immense item of expense for the services i! Clerks in both branches of the General •vembly. I have investigated this subject, Mutual examination of tho President’ll and inker's Warrants from 1833, down to the ;r:»ent time, including the lost session. The legato expenses of the two Houses, per bi-ion, on this scoro, from 1833, down to ;t teuton of 1848-’50 ranged from $4,290.- K'.o$S,833, the latter sum being tho largest ir.ndituro of any ono session during that id. For the session of 1359»’6U, the ex- :-•.** for Clerk’s hlro of the two Houses was I.-.2S6 60; for 1851 '2, it was $17,212 00, ni for 1853-'4, it wus $33,150 00. Tho r..rmuus uxpendlture.of the throe last sos- mi of the Legislature cvinco oxtmva- p:c* snd call fur retrenchment and ro- :.:a. TAXATION. Looking at tho largo liabilities of the ‘ r tstern A Atlantio Rail Road, to mature in ■m6, and the heavy demands upon its re* :.:pu, to perfect its equipmont, I submit, it will oe wise to adhere to the policy of raising, by taxation, the amount necessary to ietray tho expenses of the Government, and a«)t tho ordinary drafts upon the Treasury, faene't e.'iruinu of the Road abould be Jitfifu/Jy app9ed to the extinguishment of e ur 'o public debt oreated for its construo- , n . uxatiun should furnish the rovenuo .mil that ehtsJl have been accomplished. oomtnunicntiou Between tlio convicts, nntl tlie absence of nil classification of them,ac cording to the moral character of their re spective offences, tho hope of reforming is unavailing—is vain ami futile. It is rather a school in which tlio villain loams to ho more obdurate in bis depruvity, uud ho who is imnrisonnd for an offonco not invol ving tho darker shades of torpitudo, loses tho littlo self respect remaining to him by tho necessary contact with his associates, and is thus ultimately robbed of this last trait of human redumption. Tho exceptions to this general remark,few and far between, confirm its truth. Hence tho Penitentiary ceases, to u great extent, to he a terror to evil doers. It also fails to answer the other object of punishment—tlmt of deterring others from violating the laws of the land. Tlio loss of personal liberty, of tho sweets of coeinl life, and the necessity for conataut toil and restraint upon the human possums, should constitute the terror of imprison ment. But organized aa it is, how feeble and impotent nro those sanctions under our system of Penitentiary confinement! It has most signally"failed to accomplish tho second design of its formation—that of being a self sustaining system. Tho proof of this is fouud in the largo appropriations which tho Legislature have been compelled at almost every session,| to mnko for its support. Thore are palpable causes—causes If you design it to be a that meet the eye of tho most superficial paying road, then thmpoliov obviously Is, to observer—which render it impossible for adjust the freight schedule, in reference to ils it to pay its own'expenses. Its wall endo- oonnMtlon wUh.lh.™. If jou.r. oom.nl lb.t 0 „l y about two acres of R l-oum1. Is it expected thatodohumlreiloml .even, ns the means or affordingthe low with facilities l y ftv « "»«“«•" l)e employed profitably for procuring the products of the up-country, upon so small an arena in wjuch it is ini- wathaut special reference to profit, then it iui»y pract icable to diversify lnboif It is located be treated and conducted as an independent whoro materials for niunufacturing enntiot another part of this communication, then all tho nett reoelpta of the Western A Atlantio Rail Road should bo appropriated to the pay ment of the Publlo Debt. Thore Is obvious propriety in this policy. Most of tho Debt waa oreated for the construction of the Road, and it is thereforo proper, that it should first discharge it* liabilities to the Stato. As a large portion of tho Publio Debt will fall due at the same time, tho Executive should be olotbed with discretion to make such applica tion of the money, dorivod from that souroo, as will avoid tho etnbarrnssmont whloh such heavy maturities must produce. I therefore respeotfully submit, that, after the paymont of these Ronds and reserving enough from time to time to meet ita liabilities proper, aa thsy may fall due, the nett earnings ot tho State Road should constitute a Sinking Fund, per manently set apart for tho purpose indicated. WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD. I herewith submit the two annual reports of the Sutwrintendant ef the Western and Atlan tio Railroad, exhibiting ita operations for the fiscal years 1854 and 1855. They show a steady and highly encouraging increase of its business and a commendable curtailment of its expen ditures. As these documents furnish all the data for the formation of a correct opinion aa to what. should be the future policy of the Road, so fur as'rvlates to the regulation of its tariff ot Heights I shall indulge in no speculations upon that subject; but leave it. in all its hearings, to the wisdom of the Legislature It Is one of great moment, ami oan only be correctly settled by facts, its connexion with other roads, and the light of experience work. The road U the peoples' property, con structed for their common benefit, and there fore it is peculiarly appropriate for you, ns their representatives, to prescribe the line of policy to be punned. be obtained without tho payment of ruiu- ous prices. Tho question then arises, wlint is tho re medy f Remove it into another region of the State. Construct it upon a plan sufll- Rut viewed in another light, the building of the Western A Atlantio Rail Road by the State does furnish a sound reason why other sections may ask,with propriety,her fostering aid.inthe form of a loan of her credit. That work cost not less than $5,000,000. The region through which it runs was then very sparsely populated and consequently contributed a comparatively small portion of the expense of its construction. Middle and Southern Georgia bore the tax; tbev bore it generously and patriotically. It is therefore, not arrogant nor unreasonable to ask, in return, suoh aid from the Stato, os will develops other sections and bring them within reach of advantageous markets. The request would come with the force of nn appeal to the maganimity of those,who are the speoinl ben* efioiariri of this large State'beneficenca.to prac tice the spirit of enlightened reciprocation. There are those,whose patriotism and intel ligence are entitled to great respect, who earnestly advocate the polioy of the State aiding works of internal improvement, by is suing her Ronds fora sufficient amount, per mile, to purchase the mils, to nil Rail Road companies which shall have completed the gra ding, Ac., of their respective Ronds,and made them ready for laying the superstructure. Rut I regard it wild and hazardous, and the adop tion of such a measure, as the worst oalninity that could be inflicted upon the State. If their could possibly be any necessities which would justify it, they certainly do not exist in Geor- gia.—Rail road enterprise, with us, does not ne*d stimulation, but rather wholesome and , udicious direction. Such a system ns that lowever, would multiply those works—or at tempts to construct them-indeflnitely; and the sequel would be a crushing Stnte debt,impair ed State credit,ruinous depreciation of State Sticks and genernl paralysis,in nil the depart ments of business and labor. States, like in dividuals.will retard their progress, if they en deavor to advanoe too rapidly. A system of internal improvement* should be rather a S owth, developed and gradually matured by o action of the laws of sooinl and commer cial progress,than the nrtifleal result of restless impatient,and ill guided, but will meant legis lation. Let us shun both Sylla and Gharibdis nnd move cautiously through the strait between tho two extremes. Nor I, <t »N’mi7 to dlrcur, Ih. rorloo. ; „ to moot - ,ill tlwoondltloM & sa ti'tV s ° r* iu T*rr “ s to or In whole, so as to sever its ownership from classify tho coin lots, acoouling to the mo ths State, or to give its control to private In- ral character of their offences, and to sc- dividuals. Others urge that it should be leaded cu re absolute prohibition of all social inter— for a term of years These propositions were course among them. Locate it at a point discussed by my immediate predecessor, and where material of all kinds can be proeur by tho Inst Legislature. They have, also, in the • • » • - - mean time engaged the popular mind to a con siderable extent, and you are doubtless prepa red to represent correotly, by yonr action, tbe ed cheaply, and build it of sfoue uud iron. Now is a most favorable time to apply this indispensable remedy. Tbe piesent wal ... • . .«■ ky yonr action, tne buildings are all dilapidated and tottering, and publicentim.nt. Ann h.rnoj. pro P o«dI It,to lh hour , , h „ d , T ; urll ,g pl«r its tnM.Bem.nt In the h.nti, of . bonrj Som , lhlnR ' mu ,t be done, .ml dnnJ ootanused of three tominiee.oner., to be oht.een „„„ Th „ , „„ |„ 0 „ p „ Me „ r bj the people I rel.r to the,, proportion, to Iuoh wll | „ Ild „ them .nimbi, foe demonstrate rrhat I b.ller.lnbe Indirpeninbl. d„ ir ,d. Th. shol. conoern tiM to meet he e.pectnt on, of tbe people of the b , ,p in „ n j lh , i 01tl whole Slaw, and that a the nece„it, or remnv. it whal it hl , 0 b „. making it independent of party influences.— However widely different these various posit!- tions are, they afford conclusive evidence of the restlessness of the popular mind on the subject The sentiment is all pervading,and is manifest ed in a thousand forme, that this is expected and demanded ot your bands. How it shall be done is the question for your wisdom. I have no hesitation in expressing the firm belief that it were better to adopt any one of these propo- evil You enn locate it, at n point, at which, benvy operations in iron nnd stone, may fur nish employment for the convicts,and thus dis pense with the common branches of tho me' chunio arts. On this score the present system is most detrimental. So far from retarding, the Stule should so shape her policy, as to encour.. age industrious nnd honest men to engage in them. Hut what is the effect of the present Penitentiary system ? It degrades them, by .... ... . • • j turning loose nnnunlly a corps of graduated Si!?“.? an P0rmit ,‘ he '° Rd t0 l ' e . mBDM K ei1 , villeins, half skilled and too depraved, in most under the present mode of Its organization.- , in9lance# , 0 perform according to their abilr • h. a..!?, 0f .' h 9 va r CRpUnl r f ? ng * ub J^i e, f 0 ty, who will work at reduced prices, and thus ucluatiiiiij of party politics confided to mee ( t |,e honert inechmio with ruinous com* agents, who, ns a general rule, will be changed | p« t nioa. In arranging a system of Penitent!- ‘r obe,lienCB t0 th® ut terances ^ ry | u hour, this reform should not be disregard of the ba lot box, Is preposterous and ridiculous | e /. but aituate d ns the institution now i*rit is tn the extreme. It is only llnilroad men whe impracticable und.r.l.tid tbe eottdttet of the,e e re.t «t>ik, - | !„ (Ubul | U |™ this ,ubje« to pour con.ider- 1 olttict.n,, vho ,,plre to Bubern.torlol hi,non . „, u „ j„ ur is i lt „ ote d th „ know but little, tf .ny thinp, about it. Ilow ab- tion , th] , ,,„j e , mlalDBd |„ the Report surd, tberefore, to place tbe Enotltln at the : „ f lb . .. Ki „„ nc ,, Committee no th, stole of tha baad of tha rood-inexp.tlanced, uud therefore . Tr0 „,„ rv io , v „„ a tba report of tbe Hrinci. disqualified—and expect him to manage it with | . mt i( ee .,^ r skill and eucceas ’ Ilow unjust to Itim-how ittrunu.tL turnovituituTS-itTATl Att>. hazardous Ip the Inters,t or tbe peopla, to .all- , j, „„ |, J0k t0 lbl , geographical position of ' the State, it is not singalar, that sho has tak die him with so heavy a responsibility. With out disparagement to predecessors, it is believ ed, that tbe road fms never been better man aged than it has been during the lust two yeurs. Eoonouiy and punctuality ,in every department have been enforced—not a dollar lost by defal- en the lead ot tier .Southern sisters, in works of Internal Improvement, She occupies the gup between the Southern spur of the Alleghany mountains and the Atlantic, nnd is, therefore, . ... , , •. . i tbe portal through which the travel and pro bation not a dollar recovered in litigation for i j U( ,| 8 0 f (|, e great vallies of the West must find damages which accrued within that period—but few and slight disasters from running off or col lisions of trains—and yet tbe dissatisfaction and complaint in certain quarters,nre deep and loud. Alt, all demonstrating that the policy of severing it from Executive control,is absolutely Imperative. I r»-*i>«oifully urge the Legialature to do If Under the resolution of tho last Legiela- tuiv, for that purpose, I appointed the Hon .... . John D. Stoll a Commissioner, "to proceed I shall not enter Into a discussion of the to the State of Tennessee, to procure the l;rinciple upon which the tax should bo lovlod, .... .... 1 - ..I ,<al„pAin ia 11,m nnlv piirpunt tirim-inln _e ad valorem, is the only correct principle. I'., uiiy now, I trust, be considered ns tbe fixed . :y of Georgia; for it has vindicated itself Itr experiment, and the pnblic mind is satis- Ot its wisdom. Tho existing system may l:-'J amendment, in ita details, but you should lilcere to the principle on which it is based. I PUBLIC DEBT AND CREDIT. I }j tho 2uth of October last, tho Publio Debt, I: .uling tho 6 per cent, bonds issued for tho l.ua.ent of claims against the State, on ao- pant of the Darien Rank, was $2,614,222 22. It -. 't thu action of the last Legislature, tho l.tiirs! Lank 7 porcont. bonds are consider- J'.ji s pm of tha Public Debt, and conse- l-.-'itly tho balance outstanding, amounting n 1225,000, ore ombrncod in this estimate. I v-r you to the report of tho Treasurer, and accompanying "Report of the Finance -tuttee on tbe atato of the Treasury, Ao.,’’ ••dmlnr eUtaraents of the amount of the '-li which constitute tho State Debt, their »•« if interest, when and where payable, and : -;ijinenU made during tho two past fin ite ii years. J Lh* credit of tho Stato is now good—a |f. :e of congratulation to ovory Georgian. " ‘ arid not only be preserved, but every s- a-loptod to increase and strengthen it. It Im.urkable, that tha Bonds of Georgia coin- "it-l a leas price than the bonds of othor ■*'ti that owe a much larger debt. This is :t which should arrest tho attontion of tlio Odiure. I apprehend that, upon cxaml- ,r >, the reason will ba found to bo, that I ’ bonds are mainly payablo in Augusta, '•r.nah and at the Treasury. This is true the issues, except those of July tho 1st, and these amount to but $525,000, pny- ; in Now York. They wero negotiated in _ ’ York, for a premium of five per cent, ll!o the issues, undor tho act of December | 185i, tho intorost of which is payable f'-i annually in Havannab, were negotiated I ‘-itn-rage premium of but two per cont.— ■j furnishes a striking illustration of tho : ; yitago of making our Stato bonds pay ablo M«»York. This is the groat commercial ip-riamoftbe Union, and thither eapital 1 *•. from all points,# seek investment.— ns a means of appreciating tho credit 5*State, I recommend tho Lugislaturo to • rite tbo calling in ot all tho State Ronds, ilng the Central Iiauk 7 per conts, not ia New York, ami tbo issuing of others '•«ir stead, of similar tenor, dates and - nit* respectively, payablo at that point, ' I also impart greater simplicity and uni- *}'■! to the operations of tho Treasury. I.-Mri ai-t of the last Legislature, approved 1 ' 7<l». 1854, I was directed to issue State J 'd»,in lieu of the outstanding bonds of the I j ,r *l bank. It waa impossible to effect tho I'-'Ctruunt contemplated by a literal ex- l '?*of Ronds. Tbo interest on tho tbo * limited to 0, wheroas tho old Cen- b»nk Ronds sought to bo called in, bore *' rent. Of course, tin: holders would not ■‘•the former, In lieu of tho latter. <t act alao required tho i**uo of now •1\ in lieu of cortain other Ronds of this *• |,rimed on inferior paper, mutilated r ‘f innunvonient nmount-. 'J'ho holders 1 Lund*, with ono exception, have not f *1 f‘>r the benefit of tho net; nnd llioro- ' -t wus not deemed expedient to incur tho •"-»» >.f a now engraving. IJy adopting tho 7 above recoinmondod, both object* of "'-it, will Lo acoumplishcd, aud contribute the publio good, since It will form a k> , -'the plan for simplifying tha Suta debt '.‘VHeciating its credit. , the act of 24th Deeomher, 1845, “to I,.*' 1 the Western A Atlantio Rail Road, ;jr«ivide meant therefor,” 6 per oent. '»re issued to the amount of $125,500 It.’by th c Governor and oountersign- then Chief Engineer, and payablo “iT* ^ u ' r '* ut0, T bo 7 *»®re issued on tho It*.', ' ,c *u»ber and July, 1846, and conse- n,duo tho 1st of Deoember and 1 ( ' ' , 5. In anticipation of their maturity, bf the iionds havo boon paid, loav« •C - 01 00 unpaid. Tho Act ^ Ntogi Vei to the holders of these Ronds -j, *' /,ni lien upon the llnad and Its nett tf. !° r ,b °* r redemption. Honoo, tho I’ 1 ' °f ,ba Road must bo appro- 0 *he satisfaction of those liabilities ; ‘ 1 no doubt, but they will bo amply '•’i. * tafot them all before or at inn- * ,,#r that, they may bo used In any l J* begiaiaturo may dirn'I. Tbere- " ‘"ti'itiiit necessary far tbe adniinis- • , ‘ove r,, iu"iit, bo auihori»o<i »•» '7 'leAatiuu, us recommended in their transit to the "highway of nations.' 1 Such a position fixes upon her a heavy, but glorious responsibility, involving a mission for the future, worthy tho most comprehensive grasp of enlightened statesmanship. Oil the other bund, her varied and inexhuualable min eral end agiicultural resources afford a perpet ual etiinmus and prompt to constant efforts to secure the moans of their develnpeinent. These considerations oronte a twofold obligation upon tbe Legislature ; the one, to adjacent Slates— the other, to her own vest internal iuterests. Ilence, to comprehend fully their legitimate scope of action, tbe Legislature should assume a lofty stand-point from which they can sur- tlie whole field. Holding in her hand the vcy t repeal of the law ut tlmt State, which sub jects the Western ami Atlantic Railroad to suits in her Courts, ami to fix upon such __ terms of negotiation ami reciprocity as shall key wbieb opens the Atlantic to the West, the be acceptable to both States.” As tho re- State should so use her power, ns to force, by suit of hiR mission, I herewith submit tho * compulsion mutually advantageous, the trav- MeiMifO uf tin* Guvurnor t.f Teltncsacd, nnd -'“nd produo. whloh „ek th. zhip, to beoouto the action of the Legislature mjmth. eu», ject. «u will perceive that they, by ro- 0 , policy 7 she shoU ld likewise, as the solution, authorized him to "appoint a p ro *injnte motive of action, keep in view the Commissioner learned iu tho law, whose dev*lopement of her nnturul resources, nnd the duty it shall be to confer with tho Comtnis- advancement of the people, in ull the elements sioner appointed by the Governor of Geor- ] of the highest and best civilization. Hence, pi« either here (in Nashville) or in the . the paramount neoe*sity of well defined nnd State of Georgia, upon the subject of tho well regulated system, in our scheme of Inter* intercourse by railroad between tho two [ n ." 1 Improvements. States, with instructions to report to the i General Assembly of this Stato (Tennessee) all tho legislative action that hasbeon had by tho two States in reference to this mat ter, and also what further legislation, if any, is necessury to preserve the rights of the citizens of Tennessee, ami to maintain our friendly relations." After Mr. Stell re turned, lie surrendered his commission,and 1 appointed William K. DuGrttffenried, Esq, in Ins stead, to complete the negotiation.— Tho Governor of Tennessee appointed Jas. A. Whitesides, Esq., under the resolution above quoted. Tlu-se two gentlemen have had a meeting, but finding that the ques tion of the jurisdiction of tho Courts of Tennessee over tho Western and - Atlantic Railroad was made in the McClung case then pending before her highest judicial tribunal, they considered it most prudent nnd respectful to await the decision, before proceeding with the negotiation ; for the Court might determine the question in our favor; ami thus end all trouble on this score. But our hopes of so gratifying a result hero failed. I understand the Court lms decided against us. Hence, if no satisfactory ad justment between the two States can bo effected by negotiation, it will devolve up on you to’dotcrinine thecourso to bo adop ted. A lease or sale of that portion ot tho Road which is within tho limits of Tennes see, would scorn to suggest itself os the most natural remedy. PENITENTIARY. I refer you to the report of the Principal Keeper Tor the operations of the Penitenti ary. The following statement exhibits ita present financial condition. RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES ON OCT.lat, '55. Kaourcet. To Notes and Accounts $i3,278 t3 which nro cou.lderwl bad doubtful 2,702 27-$20,573 76 Arul the LiahUUie.i art: Due Ofll ef- and Guard $ 7.600 87 " Individuals Inepw'r’s Dept. 8,4*4 !li “ “ Book K«nj|*rs " 604 05—16,670 10 BANKS—ATLANTA—CENTRAL—DARIEN. The various Ranks of the State have prompt, ly mude their reports from time to lime, under ixeoutive proclamations, issued in obedience to the law regulating thut subject. By thu ex hibits made, those institutions soeui to be sound and healthy. Still, the Legislature can not be loo vigilant, In their examinations, nor too stringent, in restraining them within tbe limits of their respective charters. New char ters should be grunted with oaution, and only at points, where the interests of trade require an increase of Ranking capital and fnoilities. Created in reference to such demand, they are E ubllo conveniences; otherwise, they are more rokernges and shaving shops, and being com' polled to realize their profits by other tueaua than the appropriate business of Bankiug. they become engines of ruthless oppression mid lawless usury—grinding the faces ofthe neces sitous and wagiog a guerrilla warfare upon the safer and hqtter institutions of the State.— The prnotlce seems to have obtnined, of late, with some Banks, of sending tbetr issues to distant States, not seeking nor desiring a home circulation. As yet, it is not known, material injury has resulted, but that it is vio lative of the correct prlncipio of Bunking, is not to be douoted. It is equully certain, that their ultimate failure will bring reproach nnd dishonor upon the Stnte. Hence, it would ho well for the Legislature to investigate tho ex- tent,churacter und policy of these distant operui tions, Arc they not hazardous to the flnauelul welfare of the State ? Arc they not inconsist ent with correct Banking principles ? Are they not against tho reason and spirit which protnptod tho Legislature to charter them? Is it nut bad policy, fur tho General Assem bly of Georgia, virtually to establish Ranks for other States, although nominally located within our limits ? These uro grave questions. I atn nut prepured to say what ought to be tho effect, if investigation should furnish nn nffiriuativo answer to them. Thnt it would disclose a fearful evil is certain ; hut wheth er it is within tho reach of legislntivo reme dy, consistent with chartered franchises, can only bo determined by tho facts developed, If such disclosures should amount to u fraud upon tho intention of tho Legislature, in granting tho charters, or show n misuser of tho charters, by their perversion to purposos, not contemplated by their croation, tho reme dy is pluin. The wbolo subject is respectful ly submited, and if nothiug moro valuable result from its discussion, it will, at least, in culcate the salutary lesson, thnt lieruul'tos they shall be grunted upon suoh terms and restrictions as will provent tho evil. In ootnpliunco with a resolution of tho last Legislature, I appointed L. E. Bleckly, Esq., Solicitor General of the Coweta Circuit,to en quire into and report,the circumstances nttendi ing the organization of the Atlanta Bunk, and also its mode nnd places of transacting busi* ness. He performed the duty with ability and neatness. It was a laborious sorvice.not neces sarily appertaining to his ofine, nnd tberefore, it U but justice, that the Legislature should make an appropriation for his liberal compen sation. In examining the Report, I did not deem the irregularities, in the organization of the Rank, or the place and mode of its trnns- Botions.to be of such a character as to work a forfeiture of charter,and therefore, I have not caused a judir-inl proceeding to be instituted for that purpose. It is.however, herewith submitt ed,that you may take such action in the prem ises, as you may deem proper and expe dient. In obedience to Exocutivo order, to turn over tho ussets, of every description, of tho Contrnl Rank, cithor in his hands or those of Attorneys or Agents to two or moro suitublo Attorneys or Agents, tbe Treasurer, on tho 15th of July, 1854, entrusted tho sumo to William L. Mitchell, Esq., and James N. Bcthuno, Esq., wi*h full powur to collect, compromise or disposo of, upon an agree ment, tlmt they should retain ono hulf ot tho amounts realised, as compensation fur their services. Those assets were in great confu sion, consisting of Notes, Rills of Exchange, roturnodas insolvent, Attorney’s receipts and 11 fus, endorsed "Nulla bona," scattered over tho ontiro oxtont of tho State. Tho aggro- gato amount was $312,650 63. As yet, but littlo bus been collected, und it is quite cer tain, that tho ultimato loss on this scoro,must bo very lurgo. Tho indebtedness of tho Rank, exclusive of her outstanding Ronds, is about $36,140 00. It is hoped, that sufficient may lo roalizod from these ussots, to pay this liability, but tho hopo is not founded upon such data as to make it confident. From tho known energy of tho gontlomcn entrusted thoy may go to remove tho oonsuro which tbe publio mind, undor othor circuinstanoos would visit upon tho delinquent, It d- es not weaken tho ronson for requiring tho work to bo dolo hereafter at tho Seat of Government. There is still unothor and unansworablo nrguaont in support of such requisition.— The 9th sootion of tho net roforred to, very proporly, requires tho Compiler, to read tbo proof ol tha Laws and carefully comparo them with tho enrolled Acts. Those nots cannot bo reniovod, with propriety, from file in tho office of Hocrotary of Stnte. Hence, tbo exceodlng Inconvonionce, almost imprac ticability, of thus reading ntul comparing tho proofs. I thereforo, earnestly recommend, that, who over may bo tlio Public Printer or whomsoever rorideut, ho sbAll bo required by law, and tho terms of his Roud, to execute tho work in tho city of Millcdgovillo. It will secure dispatch, accuracy nnd fidelity. A large nmountof the expense of this branch of the publio service tony be saved,without de triment. The Inw requires tho publication of 4000 copies of the Journals uf each House ; whereas, 2000 copies of eaob would be a most atnplejeupply. It is well known,that the Jour nals,in most cases,are deposited with the Clerks of the Courts of tbe several oounties and are plied awny unappropriated to mould or rot or waste. It also requires 5000 copies of the Laws whereas 2500 would be sufficient. Why con linue the useless expense ot so many copies of the Laws and Journal? Under this head,there may be a still further reduction of the expense by printing the Jonrnuls in smaller type. By the change, in these two respects, several thorn sand dollars may be snved to the Trensury, without any detriment to the public interest.’ I therefore recommend the publication of 2000 instead of 4000 copies of each ot the Journals and 2500, instead of 5000 copies uf the Laws, tbe Journals in Long Primer, instead of Small Pioa type. The marginal notes to the Laws are almost useless ; they may aa well he dis pensed with,und thus save another very consul' eruble item of expense. A still greater saving may be effected by letting the public Printing to the lowest bid der, under sealed proposals, to be opened and the oontract awarded, on a specified duy, by the Executive. I therefore recommend the adoption of this plan of selecting the Publio Printer. Fidelity and despatch uny he se cured by responsible Bondsmen nnd tbe con tinuance of the powers of the Executive over the subject with which he is clothed by tbe existing laws. Mr. Chapman reocived on account of print ing the Laws aud Journals tho following sums, to'wit: As un advance by legislative authority Under Executive Wurrant... Freight ou Journals properly cbargable to him, Paid J. M. Cooper A Co., to lift lien for biuding Laws, $6,000 00 $11,000 00 100 00 1,137 00 Amounting in the aggregate to. .$18,237 00 For the work performed by him, according to nn cstiinato made by Guo. ltinglund and Wen. Barnes, prucllcnl printers, at tho ro- quost uf tho Executivo, bo wus entitled to receive $13,749 80, showing un over pay ment of $4,487 20. Tbo oslimato is bused that I u P° n what ho would havo been entitled to. leola and moralise the hearts of the masses. Thu importance of this subject is paramount, and should bring into requisition all the wis dom of the Legislature ; whilst the thousand of poor children within the State, too indigent to provide for themselves tbo blessings uf edu cation, but who mutt have it,ns un indispensi- ble qualification for good citizenship, should awaken an enlarged and benevolent liberality. Tbo returns for 1864 show that 42,407 belongs to this class, who are entitled to participate in the pittauce of $23,388 provided lor their bene, fit. The considerations whloh should prompt to efficient notion are appnrentto every reflecting mind. They are such as challenge tho atten tion of the highest statesmnnshih. We see them not.only in the necessity of education to tho perpetuity of popular liberty, but in the thousand social blessings which it oonfers. It promotes publio pencejgives security to proper ty, diminishes crime, lightens the expense of administering the laws, stimulates enterprise, directs industry, and capital, and hastens tbe march of civilisation. The difficulty is, not to determine what ought to be done, but how it shall be done. The subject beoomes more and more embar< easing, eaeh successive year, because the In crease of poor children, renders the amount of money adequate to the emergency, more diffi cult to be raised. Ilence, if the Legislature ever Intend to come up fully and fairly to the high mark of enlightened duty, it would seem, that tha lime tins arrived, when they should iultiuto n system, capshlo of gradanl expansion and self sustenance. I shall venture no spe cific recommendation. I prefer rather to sub mit the great subject to your wisdom, animat ed as it must be, by patriotic desire, to proiuoto the happiness nnd prosperity of the Stnte. Rut if I could command the power to awaken the proper spirit and excite the proper liberality, I would make tho app*al with an urgency which should be overwhelming, that the Gen eral Assembly will not rise, until it shall have redeemed tbe high obligations of the present, to future generations. Georgia is in advauce, in material prosperity and improvement; she Is in the rear, on the subject of common school education. The ship, driven before the wind, mny sail rapidly, (or a lime, without a helms man, hut she will be wrecked ut last. Educa tion is to Stnte progress, whnt the helmsman is to the ship; the more rapid her career, with out it, the sooner she will he stranded. In this connection, tbo Stato University is earnestly commended to your fostering cure- Dy reference to the act of 1785, "for tho moro full and complete establishment of a public seat of learning in this Rtuto," it is quite evi dent, that eur forefathers designed to eroct a University uf the highest charucter. It is apparent, from the preamble to tho bill and from tho-very liberal endowment for which they provided. In view of tho paramount im portance which they attached to liberal cdq. cation, as n means of sustaining and perpe tuating free government, they felt that it was a humiliating acknowledgment of tho ignor ance or inferiority of our own Stato, to send our youth abroad toothers, fur its acquisition. II this were true in 1785; tho policy which, they then deplored, is still more to bo de precated now, when, by sending them to other St itcs, they uro surrounded by prejudices nnd influences against our domestic institutions, calculated to giro an unwholcsomo direction to tlioir sentiments. Tho original design of tho founders of our Stato University ought therefore to bo completed nnd perfected. It should bo 60 endowed, nud furnished with alt tho facilities for tho prosecution of scientific tho Executive office, for the use of tho now and such old counties, as havo not been *uj>- E Iloil undor tbo Act of the 23d of Decetn- or, 1839. Upon proper Investigation, it was ascertained, that it would requiro about $3,500 00; and ns tho Legislature mado no provision for tho paymont, tho act hns not boon oarriud into oxooution. The ohjoot is important and you should mako the requisite appropriation. JUDICIARY. A case has been brought to my notice,by the enlightened courtesy ol the Hun. W. R. Fleur rning, Judge of the Eastern Circuit, which' suggests tho proprlsty of Legislative remedy. A man by the name of McCullough killed a negro,the properly of Ilohert Habersham, Esq at Fort Jackson.—That place being under the exolusivo control of the United States,although within tbe county of Chatham, he wns indict*, ed before the Cirouit Court ofthe United States and utiuder the oharge of Judge Nicoll.was ac quitted, on the ground, that the Court had no jurisdiction, He was subsequently indicted in the Superior Conrt of Chathutn aud was no- quitted upon the plea of former acquittal. The negro was shot at Fort Jnokson, but dud be yond it. lienee,the Cirouit Court hnd uo juris diction. If be had been prosecuted in the first instance in Chatham Superior Court, then, the plea to the jurisdiction, sustained by the proof, that the act was committed nt Fort Jaokson, by requiring the reo. lver of Ux ietarns In tho several counties, to mako a list of oU citizens between the ages of 1$ and 4ft yoow- This list could bo tabulated aoMBf tMlrrsi puctive Regiments, Brigades and Divisions undor tho direction of tba Governor. This would onnblo the Commandor-in-Chief, in obso of a oall for troops by tbo General Gov ernment, if tbe number %«oro greater than could bo raised by volunteervb to actualize tbo draft among the several mill tarr divisions. The State will, in a few yoa n be supplied by a well educated, scientific en zl efficient o or Pj of young men, to officer hor troops, should necessity require, in thegradui ites of the Geor* gia Military institute, capable to jtwbamtM duties of nny post, in any dep trtmeot of mills tnry servloe. Two daises, one of six end tba other of fifteen membors, have • already been graduated ; their scientific skill end military knowledge can readily be made • available and the volunteer organization of th 0 Slate placed upon a permanent footing. There are in the Arsenal, at t pieot'8 of siege and field ArtUIe tj. DWt of them have been condemned aa ns stem. Tbsy . should be sold. The small arms, lo both oar Arsentis are of obsolete model. These also, with tbe exception of the Tower tnaekete la the Arsenal at Milledgpville, shot Ud be ex changed for new and efficient weapoi is. ,, I commend to your fostering care tbe Qeor« which heloiig.to th.United Sml.,,would h.v. igi.MIILlar, Inilltut.. It la dMtlmvi to Itiiv. produced bis acquittal. Hence the Legislature p|y a great and important desideratum—mill* . cauittal. should provide,that.in such acnse.the prosecu tion may be had, and tho offender tried in the county, in wbioh the death tnkes place. Tho ohjoot of punishment is to prevent crime. To bo effectual, it must bo sufficient ly sovero, to operate as n terror to ovil ply a great a tnry education and the nurture of m proper military spirit. Having enjoyed pesos so long, we permit both to ba neglected. The ebarao- ter of our oivil institutions and tbe pursuits of our people are not calculated to stimulate the arts of war. It is well to be so; bat we ought doors, and sufficiently cortain, to cut off tho to profit by the Jesson ef history, tbit no peo« bopo of impunity. If it bo too mild, tho ploever preserved their freedom who were not offender will rather enduro it, than forogo ] both willing and prepared to fight for it. iho gratification of his vioious passions and , ,.A L cl ?!! l, . IOIIB !i u,n !: unlawful I osiffna If moro than common.' I transmit tho thtrd Annual Report of the OeOT- ,„r..c with “he' turpitude of ,b. crime, I., shocks tho sonsoof public justice, nnd con- financial operations. The sightless objects of It* soquontfyt tho transgroesur escapes. These 1 cure are entitled to the sympathy end aid of every remarks aro suggested by tho act of the last patriot and philanthropist .The successions of posing 1 oniteutiiry punishment on Fara l!0 i 0rH> ar „ *n unenjoyed, unappreciated by the dealing, ami gaming of that character. Iho blind. To them, earthly existence is one long, dark, ovil intended to bo prevented is great, but 1 monotonous night, without e glimmering star to the law fell, to.nsncr the purpoio. Thoro rell.rc It. «lo .m. LM th. Iwgt.l.tur.i uke th.m h,,,not been . .In,., c.n.ic,ton under it- , J^***^*™**^ The offcnco B oc, entirely unpun sbod-OTcn ozonou ,iric» Ton znz >ur .funoMB. uiiprosccutud. It ubouuda in all our cities The Ueorgla Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb pre- anil at our fa&hionablo watering plnccs. It seats -Imllar claims upon your (kvorable tontid- is bold; it scarcely seoks to conceal Itself • ■»*•««. ennoal Hgoit. heiewIthjMiia- according to the rates of compensation fixed by law prior to tho act. of 10th February, 1854. He should havo been held down to tho«o rates, on account of his failuro to per forin tho work neuordiug to contract, a faith- ... . .**, . . .II Ut— . l UU lllllltlUUB IVI mo |IIUI<UVUIIUII Ol Ol-icnillll lul coinpllunoe with which nnly, entitled h.m r0!eurc . bi e0 „ b r„ tho dcyolooz ,.f team to tho increased compensation provided fur by that net. If, however, ho should bo con sidered as deserving, undor tbo circumstances, tho rates of compensation provided for by that act, ho would then bo entitled to rocoivo for tho work done by him the sum of #16,- 172 05, which deducted from the $13,237 00, which ho actually recoivod, shows uu ovor payment still, of $2,005 00. For ono or tho othor of these amounts of over pnyuiont, ac cording ns tne Legislature shall hold him to ing, to roach tho highest attainments. Sever al other professorships should be created, uud ampin appropriations made for such compen sation as will cominund tho Highest talent to Dll then. By the liberality of the late Dr. William Terrell, an Agricultural chair has been estah* lished nnd $20,000 donated, the interest of which is to be applied to the support of its I'rofessor, in the Stnte University. But this inadequate. To render the department effi bold; it scarcely seoks to conceal Itself ur *v°°' , *. .— . f,o,„ public g»,e. Why i. thi. t It l. he- , ^tt"l2VulhSa^ , -S.'S£a5 esusotho ponalty is too severe. Publio opin.. . accommodations,In the way of bulldlug*. Thw ion does not demand that it shall be visited < Report represents that about $8,000 will be sufll- with Penitentiary imprisonment. Ilence, I eient for tbe purpose, ami ask- the Legislature for . tho Inw i,-o«« unexecuted, end Inste.d of I ««• zpprnpri.llnu. It would bo wall, tbet pro- * . b j, u . i ...M j. I vision should be mode for tbe employment of an preventing, it has increased tho otil it do* 1 age nt, to devote bis whole time, in seeking out signed to suppress. I thcroforo rccommeud r au d bringing to tbe Inatltut on the unfortunate its repeal, or such modification as will ad- “ objects whom it is desigued to benefit. Tbe sam* just tlio penalty to tho nature of tho offence, f? Individual might al-o be the agent of the Academy The low orgnuizing th. Supreme Court for ' •» >»,? JMnd, .udtliu. perform the .erric. for both „,r , u., I establishments. This arrangement would be, at the Correction of Lrrors, requires that tribu- 0 nce, eeonomlosl and useful, and bring both thw iiul to hold its sessions ut nine different points J un u j an j u,e Mute within the genial sphere of an in the Slate, to-wit: Columbus, Aiuerious,. education adoptea to their respective conditions. Macon, Decatur, Milledgeville, Augu^a,) LUNATIC AlTim. Gainesville, Cassville, und tsnvunn&b, and to | The Lunatio Asylum although fur ftom compU- deliver their opinions upon eneb case, dur- tion, both os to the necessary building* end the full in*' the respective Terms. This imposes so consummation ot the object of its establishment, 1* much travel upun the Juilg.l, and suoh h„te , J-t lufflcltuilv .dv.ncwt tobecom. . head «nd ,,l- th. forum ton of opinion, .. hot only to , SSSXKStfKWSff SSSff- iK make their labors almost intolerable, but de- t ,, t , s ,j ne j t 0 be an honor to the taste, liberality and prives them of the time for deliberation and* philanthropy of Georgia. Uu-lertha Act. approved patient research, so indispensable for tbe cor * February Hub, 1864,1 appointed Dr*. R D. Arnold, reot determination of important legal ques- * It chard Moore and Philip Minis, and Hines Holt tions. This I, n RlurinR defect nod dirqunlilies *"d * *■ Ni.b.'. thqr.,, to inv.stlg.t. and d.t.r- !h. Court from Log*., Ij., «2.State, tlTtffSSS^t&SSSS S l7o» ns it mightund wouW be.^if itwjrs oured.— upo n the.re-lgnation ot Dr. Minis snd Col. nolt. the rates of compensation of the old or the c i en t and useful, the Legislature should, not now law. his securities are rospnnsihlo to the only increase the sum to the extent of un State. Under this view of the subject, it is ample endowment, but also made n suitable respectfully submitted to the General As- appropriation for fitting it up with auiplo seinbly to determine whether, under tho cir- means of instruction, illustration and expert- cumstanccs, thoy will diruot suit to bo brought inenL Tbo appeal, upon this score, will not upon tlio Rond ofthe Stnte Printer. | he in vain. It is the first movement, in Geor- thl* kvvtop niivrimuEVT i R 1 ' 1 - in favor of Airriculturnl education, hith- mi 7l \x ® “r ,i i V *i,A r,r 1 ertomore neglected, although moro Important, Tho quo,lion of th. ro ,„.vu of tho Sent of lb „ n ol h.r branch. The l>rofv„or mny f ovormnent tin, been agitated, from t me to r „ du0 . annually hi, course of Lectures, nod time, for many years, ll.e last Legi.ln ure. ^ | bt hil 0 |„„' (kb , b , tbc „„ 0 f Agriculture, irapreisod with tho importance of its tonal set- . „.,.i It does not follow, that a •hurter'for a rail road must be granted, ns a matter of course, when asked. An enlighten ed legislature, comprehending fully the system, its design, and whnt is bast calculated lo ad vance tbe general welfure, will inquiro wheth er the dinner asked, is in harmony with that system, whnt will be the hearings of its con* nexions without the State, what its effect in developing our resources, nnd what its relation to other works under which large interests have become, or nre likely to beoome, Involv ed and vested 1 The system in Georgia, though in its infancy, is yet sufficiently advanced to indicate the ultimate shape which it is likely to assume. On her eastern border she has three points, which have formed and nre reeking to form connexions with the various sections, in ternal nnd external, whoso productions will foster their growth and prosperity. These points are Augusta, Savannah und Brunswick. The two former are connected, by Roads com pleted, with Tennessee nnd Alabama; nnd the latter possessing a harbor, unsurpassed by any nn the Atlnntio const, south of the Cbesapenke >ii>iim „„„ B and flanked by an extensive territory, covered w i t h G, enjf all that can, will bo accomplish- by the best pine field in the world, and of won- 1 ■ - • • Resources over and nl»ovo LI- alillltP s, collectable $ 6,80« 4u To winch mill: Menof tcture-1 articles, in Book Keeper's Department. .. E.747 00 Material on band, U.K.'s Dept. 10,257 91-17.005 81 $23,808 2l Hone*, it appear* to have boon managed with quite an much ability ami aueeesa, a* under firovioun aeininiatrationa. Still I feel constrained to say, wlint it* wbolo history confirms, thnt il Ima, to n great extent, proved t‘» bo ft failure. A brief glance at the causes will point, out the remedy. It in the duly of tho Legislature to apply it promptly. Tho original design of the Institution waa two-fold ; 1st, to substitute sufilricnt punishment for crime, properly adjusted to itH demerit- for tho gallows, in the higher, nd the whipping post to the lower grades of offences; and 2ndly, by connecting labor with confinement to mnko it n self-hustiim- ing system. Tim first object bits been ao far neoomplinliod only, ns to dispense With those engines of cruelty and barbarism.— But the I’enitentiary has failed to answer tbe great ends of punishment—reforming tIq; criminal and deterring other- f """' crime. Il never cun answer tlici under ile piv cnl organization, utter uujHM.>ihility ol pruveutiiig inter from pill JMIMCH From the derful agricultural fertility, seeks a connect ion with the vast region that skirts the Gulf of Mexico. In a word, these three cities form the bnsis of our system, nnd the lines through the State which connect, or propose to connect them, with her own great divisions, within, and exhnustless feeders, without, constitute its framework or skeleton. Its symmetrical com pletion should both define and limit the polioy of Legislate e notion. It will he most speedily accomplished by private cupiiul aided l>y the loan of State credit- Such chnrters, and such only, ns may bo required for necessary inter mediate connections and facilities, should be grunted, to fill out the system ; nnd these should he constructed by unaided private cap ital. But to complete the skeleton of the sys tem, so as to extend an ariu Into each of the grand geographical sections or divisions of the 8tate, she mny, with propriety and wisdom, lend her credit, under securities and guaran tees, which will place hor beyond the contin gency of ultimate liability nnd loss. To that extent thu Legislature may go; but to that ex tent only should It go, nnd with well consider ed caution nnd well guarded prudence. The direct appropriation of money or suh- ■oription for Stock, by the Stwte, to aid in tha mustruction uf rail roads, is considered to he unwise and inexpedient. Its tendency is to •inosculate private enterprise, by removing the lecessity of self reliance. It will complicate he .Stato with individual interests, which ex perience teaches lo he dangerous to tlio publio volfuro. It will increase tho Htate debt, nnd onscquently create a necessity for burdensome sxation. The construction of the Western A Atlantio ".nil Rond, by tho Stato, is regarded, both ns precedent und nn argument in favor of di- sot appropriations, in aid of internnl improve- lents- But it ceases to be forcible, in either oint of view, when we consider tho ciroum- tnces which prompted that mugnifloent pro- •ot. At that time, there whs not a rail mud ' i Georgia. Private capital refused to ho thus ivetted, because experiment had not shown itber the practicability or profitableness of icb works. Resides, the region which it pen* rates, though abounding in agricultural and • dneral fertility, is mountainous nnd difficult f aooes*. Is was socially and plijsionliy sav ed from the lower region of the tftnte and Ivantsgeoua markets for the prodaots of its dustry. On the one hand, rail road enter- lie needed tbe stimulus of example ; nnd on ib other, the North West wns incapable of ivelopment by private capital. Hence, the ate embarked in the enterprise ; eml if no t her advantage shall ever he realized, the i ihnnned value of the lands of Cherokee Geor- . a amply remunerates the Htate for the out ii vindicates th* farsighted wisdom of ed. For accurate information, as to tho amount, thus lar, collected, you nro respect fully referred to tho Report of tho Treas urer. The Commission to settle the claims of the creditors of the Darien Biyik upon the State, under an net of the Inst Genernl Assembly, ap proved, February 14th. 1854, performed the duty useigned them. The lion. Eli II. Bax- ter, not accepting, William L. Mitchell, Esq, was nppointed in his stead. The Hon Walter T. Colquitt and Richard II Clark E.-q., were appointed ns Attorneys to represent the State before the Commissioners. Early however, in the progress of the investigations, the former departed this life, whereby the labor nnd re sponsibility were devolved upon the latter.— It is hut a tribute of justice to bear testimony to the signal ability and success, with which he performed the duty aesioned him. impressed with tho importance of its final tloinout, referred it to tho legal voters of tho Stato, nnd required them to endorse on their tlokata ‘'removal" or "no removal," nod "if to bis hmoTotl, wbero." The following is tho ofltelsl vote on the Monday of Oot iher last, according to tho official returns on file in the Exoeutivo Department : No removal, 49,781, Removal to Atlanta, 29,337; to .Macon, 3,802; to Thotuusvillc, 1; to Havarinnli, 93; to Marietta, 4; to Gordon, 1; to Fort Valloy, 1; to Gritlin, 311, to Waynesborough, 1; to Rome, 4; to Madison, 5; to Stone Mountain, 4; to Indian Springs, 2; to» Sundersvillo, 5; to Rnrucsvillc, 1; to llootensville, 1; to Augusta, 1; to Clarksville, 1; to £t. Simon's Island, 1; to Lumpkin, 1, removal to no placo designate ed, 952; scattering, 14. Tho aggregate vote upon tlio quostiun of romoval is 84,320, of which 49,781 were for "no removal," und but 34,545 for removal to all other placos. lloncc, it uppears, thut tho majority for "no removal" ovor all others is 15,24,0. Tho Gubernatorial vote, nt tho Into election, was about 104,250, I of adjacent owners, showing that thero wero about 19,705 legal voters who did not vote on tho question of removal. Hence, if it, ho a fair construction, a* it would soeui to ho, that their failure to voto is expres.-ivo uf their oontoutmenl with Milledgovillo ns tho Seut of Government, it is evident, that tlio popular will is overwhelm- ingly opposed to its removal. If the Legislature should concur in this view, then, it is duo to the publio ns well ns to tho citizens of Milledgeville, thnt you should, at one-;, by deoisivo action, put n quietus to the further agitation of tbe question. Not tbe least effectual mude of accomplishing this object, will be to mnko necessary repairs nnd addi tions to your public buildings. The State House should be repaired nnd suitablv enlarg ed. Tbe square should be graded, cleared of the Arsenal. Magazine nnd the four Churches, upon just compensation to the respective de nominations, set with shade trees, and enclosed by a substantial iron fence. The Executive Mansion, also, should be thoroughly repaired and refurnished, and tbo lot surrounded with an iron enolosure By the resolution of the last Session, I wns " requested to furnish to each branch of the Legislature, the amount of the original cost of the public buildings at Milledgeville, exclusive ofthe Penitentiury and Lunatic Asylum, and what amount is necessary to so repair them as to mnke them suitable lor the purposes for which they were intended." This resolution passed just at the close of the Session, and con sequently, could not bp responded lo, before its adjournment. I «in unable, even now, to give a full reply. As far ns can be ascertained, the public buildings, including State House, Exe cutive Mansion, nnd out houses, the Arsenal nnd Magnziuc, have cost, first nnd Inst, nbout $300 000 00. I have engaged Messrs. Sholl k Fay, professional Architects, to furnish infor mation on the second branch of tho resolution. They have already submitted to me a rough sketch of the addition and improvements to the State llousp which ar- necessary; und they authorize mo to say, that thu whole cau be completed for $125 to $150,000. They nre now engaged In making the necessary drawings nnd estimates ofthe expense ; and at nn enrly diligence, industry and legal research, ho \ ""y ”will be ready'for transmission to doubtless saved tho Stato ninny thousand dol- I L^jginture. I.rs. The o«rurd of the Oemmiz,lonersi wee “ s , , House le entirely unprotected appealed Iran to the Superior Court ot Bald I 1 lb , „f Bro . you zhould win county, und thence, the question, ol Inw wore carried, by Writ of Error, to tho Supreme Court. The ultimate liability of tho .Slate, including compensation to the Commissioners, Counsel fees nud Court ousts, wns only $ 18. 600 00. By authority ofthe net under which * provident economy. nuthoriso tho oonslructiou of a largo cistern on cither side, nnd tho purohaso of a Fire Engine. This precaution is highly important, and, cost wlint it mny, it will bo wise and the proceedings were had, this ninount was paid, with the proceeds <>f Stnte Ronds, sold at par, dated July 1st 1855, nnd payable ten yeurs ufter date, lit the city ot Huvunnuh. PUDLIC PIIINTINO. Tlio publication and distribution of tbo Laws and Journals, of tho lost Legislature wore not uccomplishod until a year alter tho lime re quired by tho law regulating tlio duty of tbo ANNUAL SESSIONS. I recommend u return to aunual Sessions of tho General Assembly. Tho growing and diversified interests of tho State require it.— Tho people, in a popular government, should, overy yonr, havo their minds specially direct ed to tlio principles on which it is based and should ho conducted, and by their represen tatives, roviow its administration. . Nothing Publio Printer. Tl»is* affords the sucoud, of | will so effectually enforce responsibility up two successive iustuncos, showing tho abso- w n it* oUioors of evory grado, from tho high- luto necessity of requiring this work to bepor-1 ost to tlio lowest' So far from bolng an evil. lurinod at tho Seat of Government. Tlio act of tho 10th of February, 1854, clothos tho Executive with enlarged powor over the sub ject, and undor proper circumstunces, it might bo oxorcisod with uvuntago. llul thero wero considerations connected with tlio doliiiquouoy of the late l'ublia Printer which induced for bearance. Undor that net, if tho delay, In tho delivery of tho Laws nnd Journals, go beyond six mouths, tlio Executive is authorised to romovo him from the office and appoint a suc cessor. Ero tlio expiration of tho six months however, tlio Public Printer had tlio misfor tune to lose, by fire, almost tho entire edition of tho Houso Journal. Boon niter that, tho oily of Suvannuh was visited by tho Yellow annual olcctiona aro important; they inter est tho inussos in tho piditics of their coun try, nnd they heonuio enlightened by tlio dis- cussioiisjtlioy provoke. Tho Executivo term begins nud ends with tlio Legislative, and consequently, both Governor and Legislature ontcr upon their respoolivo dopaftmonts without much knowledge of tlio duties thoy require. Tho Legislature adjourns and leaves the government in tho 'lands of tho Exocutivo; his term expires nt the assem bling of the next, and no opportunity is af forded to roviow his conduct, until alter ho has relirod from offico. Tho ronwdy for this is a return to aunual Sossious. Rut tho duration of tho Hesslou should bo limited by y, nn<l vindicates toa mrstgl i projectors. Tho justification of tho .Stale ri T is l lie necessity ofthe case; lull where Iho | J,", *, * 1 . J. 0X0U,U * A 1,1 i is the necessity of ll i cessity does not exist, th# reason lor lh# l riicy does uut obiaiu. Fovur and ho full un early victim, loavihg tlio tfio Constitution, woi k unfinished and the offico vuenut. Messrs. education. Houghton, Nishot k Hornes of tho Federal Our political system is based upon tho maxim (!n(pii press, were appointed to reproduce the ifint the people are capable of self govcrnnieii . to number nf copies or the burnt Jour- This presupposes intelligence, to kii"w ii"i .rk tsltli ipru.st j gqvoni.uiHl vir gi„.tli.ittnl.lliit.no. pro. fidelity anti dlHpateli. il>>wc lor tho delay in tills lusluuco, aud fiowovor lar nf a s but be must have the means of illustration nnd experiment to unfold its relations to, und de pendence upon, Mineralogy, Geology, Rntuny, Chemistry, Nnturul History aud Aleah.-iiiios. Agriculture is the most important, because it is tbe foundation of, nil oth*» pursuits. It sup* p.ies Commerce and Manufactures, in all their various and multiplied departments, with whutevor impart" to them activity, prosperity and vitality. Hence the indispensihility of its being directed nnd dignified by the light of science and the devotion of educated mind. AGItlCL'LTL'ni*. AND mining. Tlio promotion of Agriculture and tlio de velopment of our Mineral resources should ougago the earnest attention of the Legisla ture. In tbo older region of the .State; much of tho lands have been exhausted by tillugo, and planters aro turning attention to the reclamation of swamps, by ditching nnd embanking. Tho latter process, in many in stances, is provonrod by tho fact, that em bankments throw back wator ovor tho lands When this is tho caso tho apprehension of an injunction arrests the cutcrpriso. I recommend tho pnssugo of a law to authorise any person owning swamp land, on ono sido of a stream or creek, to em bank tho same, nlthough it should havo the effect to increase tho wator ovor tho swamp of the other side, owned by another. .Such au act will greatly promote such enterprises ami lead to tho reclamation of thousands of acres of tho most productive lands, which are, otherwise, valueless. It is doubtless, the true cause of the dissatis faction with the Court, which obtains in some sections of the State, and threatens its aboli tion. This would he a retrogado movement, nnd the idea ia not to be tolerated for n mo ment. Tho most enlightened Courts some times err, even under circumstances most fav orable for the investigation of truth. Or their vacancy was filled by the appointment of R. II. ltsmsay und Nuthan McQehee, Ksqra. The ne- ce--nry buildings have been determined upon, put uuil**r contract, und are in rapid piogmsof con- htructiou. 1 refer you to the Report of this Board a herewith trnn-mltte 1, for tbe details ot thsir pro ceedings, the terms of the contracts for the build* Ing-), the amount necessary to their completion. Looking to the provlm of the fourth Bsciion lot gunised nt is our Supreme Court, the wonder this Act, 1 first doubted whether it authorized the i* that it does not err oftener, nnd instead of work to proceed if the estimates transcended $50- this furnishing aground for dispensing with, Ooo.But being *st.sfied, a* It must appear to every ; , ' . ,v,«, intelligent man, that the In-titutlon could not be it ought to present enlightened ram with the enlarj{tt j (0 „„ MtBllt ,, qua | to th(l nPC easUy of th# strongest reason for remedy ing its Itnperteo c , lMJ n0 r in arahitecturd harmony with the nrigi- lions. I tberefore reoominend, thnt the Con- nnl d-sign, nor In accordance with the character of siitution be so altered as to confine its sessions the State, my construction of the proviso was, thnt to one point In the State ; at.d as tho State is it intended to limit the expenditure'to $60,000, pri- collecting a vnlunhle Law Library at the Cap- or to another Benton ot .he L gislature. It was th# tint, it is th. proper point for it. p.tmr.n.nt lo. , 'i'Jn'HS.S .f' ,0rlly ?' . TV,... .1 ,.tdA l<» lu.rinitiPil when 'hem being l’hvskinns, famlll-ir with the nccessl- cation. They should also be permitted, Whin ^ ofguch lD „ t tu ;lonw, thut, If the Legislature In- the Judges may desire, to hold up cases for tended t> limit the extent of tlie lmprov.meat# lurther deliberation anti investigation. This within th# aggregate and final sum of $50,000, it will correct the prominent defects in its or- wn* tot illy lundt-quate to furnish tbe necessary ad- canizution nud render it inure efficient. . •'■itionnl accommodations, llenoe, It seemed to b# retail I i cense ’ th# reasonable iutenllon of the Act, to initiate such r, nninTiii >hn .Jtipin. iml ehrlutlnnlo Improvements and additions to the Asylum build- It is painful to ing., as would enable the Institution th fulfill th# witnepg the ravages ot intemperance. Like e nd of Its establishment, to appropriate $50,000 tor »-* «—HI—— «• I««v. In ill rmibwacD. fc r ,t two v *rs, and l-ave it to a ■ncceedin* le gislature to complete the work. Under this con struction of the law, I did not hesitate to sanction me report of the gentlemen appointed, and permit the work to pi ogress. It will devolve upon the Le gislature to in tke tbe appropriation necessary for iis completion, I herewith transmit the bl-ennlal Report of tbe gist, Mineralogist and Agricultural Chemist.— 11 is office should he located nt the Capital and his general duty should bo to make a Geolog' icnl survey of the State, direct the mode of test* ing for ores, unnlvze soils nnd point out tho various kinds of manures (or their fertilization. To make the orgnniz .lion of such a department efficient and useful, it would require the State to he divided into Ge dog oul Districts, and the employment of assistants. Its dotuils however will readily suggest themselves to the Legislai lure, end the policy, once adopted in good ear. nest, lime und experience will very scon per fect it. A similar appointment, in other States, bns been attended with the most beneficial re sults. It is more easy to adduce than to select illustrations of its ndvuntnges. In Gonrgia, but littlo attontion has been de voted to Agricultural education; nnd without disparagement to our planters, it must ho con- tossed, thut their success is mainly tho result of fertility of soil and unconquerablo cnorgy and industry • They owe but littlo to tho ap plication of scientific principles to tho multi plied details of tho plantation. Rut as tho land" become exhausted by such n system of cultivation, they will rofuso their wonted yield, until science shall come to their rescue, by showing tho moans of their resuscitation. Tho office undor consideration will, to a con siderable extent, rotnody this ivido spread evil. Ry his analysis of specimens of soils furnishod to him, ho will explain to tbo owuors tho character, components and quan tity <>f tho munurcs required to fertilise tbom. Ry delivering publio lcoturos as often, and at as mntiy points, as ho may bo ablo, ho wil instruct tbe inhubitnnts of tho whole Agri cultural districts, as to tho qualities of thoir lands, nnd the fertilizers host calculated to confer upon them tho highest capacity for production. This will soon awaken the proper spirit among tho people nnd lead, as an ulti mate result, to a just appreciation of tho im portance of Agricultural education. Tlie ag gregate of advnntage could bo ascertained only, by knowing fully tho loss to tho coun try, from the absence of, and tho amount gained by, tho application of scieneo to tho operations of tho plantation. And how shall wo estimate the thrift and ac tivity which such nn appointment will impart to the Milling interest of thd SMot U'r mountains and hills are rich in embedded mines of ore. As yet, we have made hut lit tle progress in their discovery. Vast sums nre expended. In blind experiments to uctrUin their location, resulting often in tho hopeless ruin of the zealous seeker after hidden wealth. The Urge amount saved, in the work of test ing lor ores, is tho least of tho advantages of the appointment under consideration. 1 he no- tuol wealth which would he developed by tho scientific direction of these operations, is abso lutely incalculable, whilst it would, at the snuio time, open new channels for capital and indus try, nnd furnish employment for thousands of laborers. I may not dwell at greater length upon thi* interesting topic. I trust It will en gage the serious deliberations of the Lagisla.. ture, and thut they will act ns. bocomes en lightened statesmen. WKIGIITH AND MKARUHKB. By an net of the lant llonoral Assombly, approved February 9lh, 1354, tlio Governor was directed, to cause to ho procured in sumo cheap and economical way, fifty standards I tho reasons „i UCia jon lo lighten tho Intel- iu Weight gill.- and me, , I’ll Ull III Vllllttsputld • - I s witu thuou uow Iu ouoal oliengtb of our Militia. Il iuay bodoue war and pestilence, it leaves in its pathway its millions of viothns slain, lamentation nnd wo. It pours desecration nnd contempt upon all that is hnllowed in domestic life, and all thnt is sacred in the rites of our holy religion. The good man naturally enquires for n remedy.--- He looks hack upon the past—eloquence und . , . w argument have grappled with it, social organ- 1 Trustees Superlnteodant and Rosldont JPhysicUn. izntiou." has exerted its combined instrumen- From them, you will learn fully the progress, con- tulity, Christianity has wept and prayed over ' d*Bou and operations ofthe Institution; all re- ll . nnd v.-l thu evil conMnuss. Losinn sight . »*MgwcredIt up™,th»Mulltj *foI*blUtr oftho> olT,ho potency of moral sunsion, losing faith ,n I Iw wMfo'j’foMhsm'b# suppKtd-.S'ls the ultimate triumph ol truth and v irtue, nnd . liberality coa.men«uiate with claims of the unfur- impatient for summary relief, ho feels that leg- J tuuute demented, and worthy the character of a {station must come to the rescue, by prohibit- great and growing State, ing the sale of intoxicating liquors. This leads paiidojuxo powtb. us to search for the delicate line which defines J The Executive l« charged with no duty more tl... Issfritimntrt inhere ofthe civil newer embarrassing and delicate than that of deciding the legitimate Apnere ot me civ ll power. petitions for pardon. In most cases, the ap- Tho Legislature is the guardian ot iho gen- |,ucati on 1- su-tained, uot only by a long list of oral woifuro. It is its duty to secure public signors, but by ihe streaming tears of the heart peace and tranquillity,and to protect persons, . bn.ken wile or mother. To resin such appeals re- character ami properly. JSut why ? Sot bo- qyi™ » lirtnnsss of csrre, bordcriag rtpoo stoi- caiiso religion enjoin,, hut bccccsc the interest of tlio body social demunds it. Hence, social e PU ti T e. wIiLst he remembers his oath to execute nnd civil nocossity only should both prompt , tlio law iu ‘ mercy,” au<t also look steadfastly to nnd limit legislative action; tho promotion of . the great Interests of society which are involved in the morality which religion inculcates must •“» eie.clseof the Pardootng Pow.r. Th. publlo bo uu incuLal result, uo, the primary oh- • "^h.” muTh? 5 llfo, , %ZfflSXS$Sl ject. Tills is tho true criterion to giiido tho , and the socinl weal depend upon ft. Certainty and law-making power. To transcend It is fana- J unif >rmity in tlio execution ofthe criminal laws tici«m, because it is tho recognition of a prin « are of incalculable importance. They are terror* ciplo, wnich would justify tho civil authority t” evil aoers, whilst facility, in pardoning offences, ,. r J gives license to the commission of crime, by hold- Impressed with there As a further means of encouraging Agricttl. ....... - y-r-w gins Item,, to th. cm,miss, ture and the do velopement ot the mineral In taking charge of tho consciences ol men f ng outjtbe hope of Impunity, *m|> ra ..eu wiu* « wealth of the State, I recommend that prnvis nnd enforcing moral reforms by law, which ' views and tho opinion, that too much clemency ion be made by the Legislature for the appoint- can only ho legitimately done by appeal to been heretofore prnctl-i-d, I have interposed who inent, with « suitable salary, of State Geolo reason. Hence, tho danger and impolicy of ( great caution. For the purpose. of preserving con- ' attempting to ah! the tempera,tee cause by | legislative prohibition of tho traffic in ardent • | n thu oflk#) entitled the "l’ardon Docket,” lu spirits. It is not only wrong ns a pnnciplo - which every case of application is entered, and the of legislation, but tho public sentiment boing > realms briefly statcl on which It waa decided; ad verso to it. tho law would not bo enforood, : »nd I have adopted written rulestor my guidance, intemperance would be ttutlimittished uud tho social evils aggravated, which it would ( ^^age of a law requiring the Executive, intu- dc.-ign to suppress. ture, to commuuicAte to the Legislature, at tha It does n»t follow however,that there are not 1 opening of each session, a full list of pardon# abuses connected with our retuil license law, 1 A 1 ?.*.* la . , . e . , ?4PL 0 L t . h !.”.?' which nr. within ^ reach of the Legislative arm. INhoeier will examine the ( tho f 0r(nu tion of a sounder publlo opinion, upon criminal dockets of our courts, will see abun- Grij important subject* dnnt proof, that the system needs the restraint j Unoer the provision of ths 17th 8ertion of tha of n more rigid and wholesome police. It is the ! 1st Article of the Constitution of this State, on the fruitful source of'erime against life.person.pro- 8th ef June Inst, I respited the sentence against perty and the public pence, «d.therefore U I the dnty of the Legislature to apply a remedy. , ^ hu „ K on the 1 ^ th day of June, 1856. Un the I have given this subject much reflection and .^ tlj j iv y 0 j- August lut, I aim respited tho sen- did satisfied that,if the existing laws oould be terceazAiust John T. U»yd, convicted of the mur- steruly enforced, most ot the evils connected | der. in the second d- gree, of Alexander M. Robln- with our license system would cease. Why are i son, in tho county Of Muscogee, And adjudged to they not enforced ? Is It because publio sen- b* hung timent is opposed to them ? Is it beouuse good citizens do not approve them ? Is it because tho penalties are too severe ? By no means. But it is because their violation is covered in secrecy and darkness, so that they escape dis covery and detection. The grand defect therefore, is apparent. _ lies in the fact that the existing Inw requires tho Clerk ofthe Inferior Court of each county to grant, as a matter of course, a lioense ta every man who complies with its precedent conditions Hence, in too manv instances bad nnd unprincipled men obtain permission to re tail, who defy the restraints ol law, if they can conceal its violation. Now suppose the retail traffic were confined to men whv> would respect nnd faithfully obey the laws for its regulation, is it not evident that the great mas- of exist ing evils that nflliot society would case ? Tho remedy then, is to confine the granjing of li cense to such men. How can you effect this Withdraw tbe granting power from the Clerk, nnd vest it in the sound discretion ot the Inte rior Court of each county. As the guardians of the genernl welfare, they will exclude vie rnuuiy oi AiuKUpn, nuu u> the 7th day of September 1855. The sentence, ia both rases, 1* respited until the 23d dev of the present month It will therefore be hoove tho Legis.sture to give their early attention to tnone irases. It is not deslgaed that the action of th-* Executive shall be eon«trued into the ex- pres-ion of an opinion, as to what ought to be the flail decision of the Legislature. The casee should he decided strictly upon their merits- But human I 1 life being suspended upou my action, Ifeltbouud to give the unfortunate convicts the benefit of eve ry extenuating circumstance, end cost upon tbe pardoning power tbe res{onslbUltjr of determining their fate. Former Legislatures, in a tow Instance#, have ex ercised the pardoning power, by passing laws for tlmt pur|<ose, iu ozses uot capita). Tbe constitu tionality of such action I. so que-tlonable, that it o glit never sg-In to be attempted. The 7th ora tion of tho 1st Article of the State Constitution, con fers upon the Governor the power “ to grant par- dous, or to remit nny part of a neutence, in all cam's after conviction, except for Treason or Mur der, in which ciso he may respite the exeoutioa aud make report thereof to tbe next Oenorai As semble, by whom a pardon may be granted.”-— Ilence the power to pardon. In cases, not capita),!* entirely distinct from tbe power to pardon, in capi tal offences. The one i< vested in tbe Governor, th# other in tha General As-embly. Tberefore, tho First Section of tbe First Article of tha Constitution ious nnti corrupt men .IJ n ?L°?l« | would seem to settle thequsstion. It declares that, firio it to those whose known fidelity to tho „ Th# j^uintive, Executive, and Judlcl.ry de- laws of the land will bo a guarantee for well regulated, nnd orderly houses. I feel confi dent, that this change in the license law. would vindicate itself, by tho benefits it would difluse and meet a sustaining response in tho public sentiment. MILITARY. Our Militia system requires ontiro reor ganization. It might ho wo'.l to substitute a ooiiiinutialinn tax in lieu of the present oner ous requisition of personal service, at tho op tion of tbo militiaman. Tlio Htrtto should oncourago tho organiza tion of Volunteer companies. The judicious application of cho tund arising from tho corn- inutatiou would to well devoted to that ob- joct. Previous to the last Congress, tho Mate lost largely in tho quota of Arms to which she was entitled from tho Federal govornraent undor tho law of 1803, on account of tho im ported returns of our militia strength. Wo havo lost not loss than $50,000, equal to 3846 muskets. But tho law is now sa amended, as to distribute tho quotas of Anns to tlie several States, according to their representation iu ('•ingress Still however, it is important for Im|»i Miiun plan In oncerlmii tlie mini partmeuts of Government shall be distinct, and each department shall bo confined to a separate body of Magistracy ; and no person or collection nf persons, being one of thoee departments, shall cx- ercNe any power properly attached to either of the otbers, except in the Instances herein expressly permitted.” It Is ncodliwe to say, the power under consideration is not one of theee “ instances.”— Tho Executive will always respect the wi*bce or the Legislature, and therelbre.it were better for them, to rvcomuicnd him to pardon, where, in easea not capital, they think clemency la due, than to at tempt the exercise of a power M questionable aa the enactment of a law for that purpose. norVnARV LINE BETWEEN FLORIDA AND OEOROIA. In c •nformlty with an Interlocutory decree of the Supreme Court of tho United States, the last General Assembly by resolution required the Ex ecutive to appoint a Commissioner and Surveyor, on the part of Georgia, to run and mark the boun dary lino between the States of Florida and Geor gia, whenever the former should sigulfy its accept ance of the terms of the Decree, and ita readiness to proceed therewith. This resolution was duly executed by tho appointment of Alexander A. Allen, Esq., ns Commissioner; and James It. Butts, K*q., ns Surveyor on tho part of the Btato. These gentlemen, in conjunction with the Commissioner and Surveyor on the part of Florid*, devoted four mouths to tho prosecution «<f the work; and by tho amount of labor •performed, the Information col lected, and the science exhibited, they fully evinced CONTINUED ON FOURTH TAGS-