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Established
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FINANCIAL CATECHISM
CHAPTER* ,OM JNDEPENDENT
ACT4QN -PLAIN FACTS.
(/’utter fho Safeguards of the Democratic
Hat f or... the United sun os can Coin
Sliver Free Without Fear of Iweifn
Cwtsplrattfrs.
* ' f; :
Q. L* It*.possible, for the United
>t'ites tp pm,in practice the free and
unlimited .coimise of gold nut! silver
at the ; a tin of 16 to b independent of
(lie action.,of gold-standard countries?
A. The .United States er.n, tinder the
safeguards and. restrictions suggested
hv the or ratio and other platforms
declaring for free coinage of gold and
.- liver, put such a ! avv jntp effect with¬
out the co-operation of the gold-stand¬
ard countries. France, with an aver¬
age population' of 35,0.00,000, main¬
tained free coinage of gold and silver
at J5V4 tfe hot fqr feWf* seventy-years, when
there wife the demand, tor
money there is now. The fluctuations
of prodrn'ion f f the two metals were
greater than c-yer, known -during this
j;rrl<5(l, yet she kept her irtints open
to the mULt product of the world, put¬
ting a.higher price on silver than could
had, anywhere In the world,
thus fixing and regulating the
price of goM and silver for all the
world and all the time ranking
atsionr-' the most prosperous of na
I ions. With our "0,01)0,000 energetic
people, < ur millions of acres- of unde¬
veloped and uncultivated lands, and
out 1 ' unlimited fields of profitable In¬
vestments bagging for capital in large
quantities for them development, we
can surely do now what, France did
while human .enterprise was yet in
swaddling clothes, Mr. Blaine had
profound confidence In the ability and
recognized the duty of the country in
this regard. He said (see page 821
responsibility Congressional Record, 1 STB): “This
of .re-establishing silver
in its undent and’ honorable place as
money in Europe and America de
volvea really on the congress of the
United States If we act here With
prudenen- \vi,dom and finunoss, we
shall not* etiiy r n -Miar fully remonetize
silver and bring H Into- general use as
money in gvir ovyn country, but the in¬
fluence of cur example will be poten¬
tial among all European nations, with
the post?! We exception of England. In¬
deed our annual indebtedness to Eu
rope la so great that if we have the
right to pay it in sliver we necessarily
coerce those nations by the strongest
of all forces -self-interest— to aid us
in 'upholding • the value of silver as
money.”
9- I'nde.r such conditions would sc
rioim Ui-ss or-injury result to the conn
try?
pydsfit'Td'ute ■A./No.-'- Thh thiiln country was never more
during the eighty-om
yjfeirs'we'ware tinder such a law.
Q. But’-qh-tt not the conditions
changed since then and was there not
rhore UeiSiafid for silver then than nov. ,
since .other ‘countries were then under
free -noiivfige buys, whereas now they
are nhtZ
A. The ^upditions as to the demand
arc not'greatly changed. England de
uionetited silver In 1861, fifty-seven
y tote before the United States. Tin
United "States atone would use today,
under ati free coinage, more silver than
did the Silver-using nations prior
id 1878! According to the census re
we manufactured in 1889 $9,380.
OOOj’gOA worthy/ goods, nearly an much
as Great Britain, France and Germany
combined; $2,000,000,000 worth more
thaVTgo’d atrd'sliyer in the world. Our
fiOiglittoltoualiy mHpads. v carry 60,000,000 tons of
more than all tHe rest
cL.tlie-Wi'd-hl transports by rail and
•. v’aior both, .V.’" produce $800.000,00C
.'•voyth more agricultural products than
.any ■ nation In the world. Our people
Give .'hotter- than any other, and, con
H qnentiy, require more money.
q. Wopld the gold be driven out ol
country?
A., H. money should become too plen
tttiU it Js ,barely possible that gold
might for a short time tend to leave
the country, especially if it were the
more viiiuable, metal. But if gold be
Kikcn- niU^something more valuable
us ufW'hrfnge for it. The
cqvevnmrm may'prevent any trouble
by exerelftfflg-tta cfption of- paying its
obligations in gold or silver, thereby
Strengthening motive the weaker metal. The
for cornering gold, making a
run. on the trpasnry and forcing issues
of bonds,' wilt be removed by the pro¬
vision that no money shall be issued,
except by the government. For If
hanks are not permitted to issue
money—bank notes—they will need no
bonds on which to base such notes and
therefore will not he put to the neces
f-ity of forcing bond Issues for a con
tlmiance of existence.
Q.' Would this do away with national
banks?.. ,
A National hanks, at present, exist
I >' Holding government bonds. Bonds
t.re government debts. They, there
foie, ii.v4 on TK'c misfortune of the peo
Thomas Jefferson answered this
question as follows: “I believe that
•ilfc bimkifig Institutions are more dan
qcrons. lo oar liberties than standing
-nnics. Already they have raised up
a .money arhstoeracy that has set the
toieminent at defiance. The issuing
(j. But would not free coinage of
silver reduce us to the condition of
'Mexico?' ■
. , . Mi-tiro
'mliinJ.'Oi mv.tr.vVi- ’ 1 " 'l.' nrn< '?' n 5 ha toipossl- - silver
Yv , '
‘ 7 1 ’**! of both K£>ltl
.
. >r W ’ H * 1 v,< ’ ar< * contend
t •te¬
... M-'X’CO with* ' PUt l\ 8 .° n
a ,L lr-ve’ ' m •’ vVo ' V*. teAW * ’ b0 condition
cite,-™ L l a°*, b} Wr whether l i! I* pc ' it op!e uses 18 silver to b «
or-go^. then since 1873 we should
have, ranked with Turkey, Portugal,
Egypt, or Liberia, alT of which are
gold standard countries. The lack of
national enterprise and the laziness
and inefiiciency of the half-breed la¬
borers of Mexico makes a comparison
of that country with the United States
nonsensical.
Q. But how can we maintain the
value of the silver dollar, when the
Mexican dollar, containing more sil¬
ver than ours, is worth hut 55 cents?
A. We have, a nation of 70.000,000
active, energetic people. Mexico, has
hut 12,000,000, 10.000,000 of Whom are
half-breeds and Indians, having very
little use for moliey. Illinois alone
requires more money than ail .Mexico,
But after all the cant about “parity"
and "every dollar being as good as
any other dollar,” the Mexican dollar
is today worth more in London, the
shrine of American gold worshipers,
than the silver dollar of the United
States; and if the Mexican dollar was
given by our laws the same legal ten¬
der qualities as our silver dollar it
would, if you please, exchange in this
country for a gold dollar, if one could
be found' for which to exchange it
Incidentally, if may he mentioned that
the Mexican dollar has not. appreciated
to the detriment of the Mexican pro¬
ducer. He is not required to give up
any more of his products to get one of
them today than he was twenty years
ago. If as much could bn said of the
single gold standard dollar, the cry
for bread set up on the shores of the
Pacific arid re-echoed dear across the
continent from the broad Atlantic,
would not be heard ih this country of
unlimited a bun dance.
Q. Would not silver mine owners
be unjustly favored by free coinage,
since they, could take. 50 cents' worth
of silver to the mints and get it coined
Into a dollar?
A. This question assttoes that the
quantity of silver required to. make a
dollar will be worth but 50 cents. It .s
worth more than that now, I think
that l have proven that the gold dol¬
lar has appreciated till St is worth
nearly 200 cents. Let us assume, at
least, that it lias a purchasing power
of 200 cents, just as our opponents
make the'assumption about silver. The
gold in a gold dollar may be. and has
been, produced at a profit, for 1.00 cents,
if the producer of gold can produce
the quantity required to make a doHai
for 100 cents, hut Is permitted to take
such a quantity to the mint and get it
coined into a dollar that is worth 200
eefits, is not the. gold, miner unjustly
favored. It there he any unjust fa¬
vors then tue gold miner is now get¬
ting 100 cents over and above the cost
of profitable production, while the sil¬
ver miner, if It. were true that silver
would become no more valuable under
free coinage, would get considerably
less than 60 cents, for silver cannot
be profitably produced at its present,
price. As a matter of fact, however,
while silver is bullion, a commodity
will increase in value in accordance
with the increased demand, yet sliver
and goto too, as money, on account of
the Increase in quantity, will have less
purchasing power; that is, the dollar
the silver miner gets from the mint,
as well as the gold dollar, will he ex
ci.anm able for only 100 cents’ worth
of what, the silver mine owner or the
gold miner has to buy. Therefore, tne
possession of silver dollars or gold
dollars will he no more valuable
to the mine owners than they now
arc. For example, suppose they wish
to exchange their products for wheat.
Under present conditions a single
gold standard—the gold in a dollar
may ho exchanged for two bushels of
wheat; but the silver in a silver dol¬
lar will only exchange for one bushel
of wheat. Under a double standard,
with the volume of money doubled,
and gold and silver freely coined on
terms of cquatlty, the samp- gold coin¬
ed into a dollar would exchange for
but one bushel of wheat: the same sil¬
ver coined into a dollar would still
exchange for but one bushel of wheat,
and while the owner of the silver has
gained nothing, the owner of the gold
has lost nothing that he has a moral
right to retain since he can produce
his gold profitably at that value. When
an advocate of the gold standard tells
you that the silver miner will make a
profit of 50 cents on the dollar by free
coinage, remind him that he argues
that the silver dollar will he worth
but 50 cents. Where, then, will be the
profit?
Tfie Boom of Protectionists.
From the New York Times; AVbat
is to save McKinley when the manu¬
facturers themselves turn against it.
as self-interest will compel them to
do? We can make twice as many
goods as we can consume. Already
the surplus to bursting through ihe
barriers. Our exports of manufac¬
tures are increasing. But American
goods ought to go everywhere. If the
manufacturers are to make money
they must go everywhere. They can¬
not so long as McKlnieytom and Ding
ieytom block the way. The result is
inevitable. Protection is doomed to
be destroyed by the protected.
The FnrraW* M«*i, i.earo.
te seems that a sufficient number of
Republican farmers are not yet satis
bed with-low prices for products, and
high prices for protected articles of
necessity. To judge by the expressions
of farmers as a class as to the un
profitableness of farming, that an ap
peal to party fealty 'would not Induce
them to again vote against their own
interests as a class, and thus prolong
the financial condition of depression
for another two years at least. It is to
be hoped that in time the truth may
Cawn uponttiMn -
--
*
. It’s , enough to discourage the
fool
Hiller when he looks around and sees
how far behind he is with his work.
Chicago News.
M WE APPLAUD THE SIGHT AM) CONDEMN THE
A KSl'P. GA., THURSDAY. DECEMBER 1.
TIIE BATTLE X0\Y
the subjection of the
ple IS IMPOSSIBLE.
In the Jtiut Truth Will Prevail, the
ple Will Defeat the Schemers
True I’opalar Government Will
the fruit of the Victory,
Between now and the closing
of 1W0 there will be fought in
country the greatest battle ih the.
tory of civilization. It will ho a veri¬
table Armageddon, in which the
of light and truth will contend
the combined forces of greed
wrong. The campaign which has
clos-ed is the first skirmish of the
contest. This article is-written
the results of. the election are known;
but we earn not what they may
they cannot and will not affect
eventual triumph of the people.
The bank and mono,'ratio party
preparing for its final struggle.
issue is the control of the
finances and the subjection of the
ple to the ruthless sway- of. a
aristocracy. The clandestine
fiminal demonetization of silver In
1873 was the preliminary movement.
The infamous Mi Chary banking bill
the culmination and sum. of the
villainy. This hill is the product of
•nay brain of Lyman Gage,
of the treasury—as smooth a
as ever estimated usurious interest
fingered bank notes. Bat, knowing
he did, that be-was regarded by a
jority of the people ah a hypocrite
a scoundrel, he. caused his hilt to
introduced under the cover of
name, says the Journal of
■u order that the suspicions of the
ple might not he too quickly
Phis bill, if enacted into law, will
a few monster banks in Europe
America absolute control of the peo¬
ple’s money, and the power to crush
tad ruin every business man
property owner, The Rothschilds
London and Paris are the head
soul of the movement, and if
ful they will be masters of the world.
The battle is on, and if is time
the people were aroused. The
will he desperate and final. Before
end comes thousand.* of men
buoyant with life and health will
driven by want and desperation
uicides' graves. There will be
blare of trumpets, no shouting of
hatants. no thunder of cannons, but
all over the Sand fresh mounds of
will bear mute witness; to the
guinary character of the struggle.
Widows’ weeds and the emblems
mourning 'will hang over our
country like a pall. Little
win cry for bread, and gaunt
will stalk where abundance should
vail.
All these things we shall
within the next two'years. The
that we have to meet is ruthless
desperate, and .the stake that he.
playing for Is the kingdom of.
world.
But In the end truth will
The, people will conquer, and some
the fruits of the Victory will be—
1. A paper currency sufficient
meet the requirements of commerce
sued by the government (which is
people) to the people direct.
2. The free and unlimited coinage
both gold and silver at the legal
of 16 to 1,
. 3. The ownership and- control -of
railroads and lelegrhphs by the
ernment -that is to say. the people.
4. The election of all public
including president, senators
judges cf all the courts, by the
vote of the people.
5. An Income tax graded and
justed so as to prohibit the
oncer.tratiog, of wealth for all
time.
These are some of the results of
victory that the people will win.
pendulum of fate never stops in
center. It swings from extreme to
treme. The monocrotic party
uncovered Its masked batteries
thrown down the gage of battle.
-people accept jt and will settle the
test to stitb them-pelves.
Andrew Jackson on the McCieary
The following extract from an
dress delivered by Andrew Jackson
1837 is perfectly applicable to
present issue between the people
the adyoeates of bank control of
currency, who claim 'to have a
ity in the next congress. Jackson said:
“The corporations which create
paper money cannot be relied upon :
keep the circulating medium
in amount. In times of
when confidence is high,' they
tempted, by the prospects of gain
by the influence of those who hope
profit by it. to extend their issues
.paper beyond the bounds' of
non and the- reasonable - demands
business; and when these issues
been pushed on from day to day.
public confidence Is at length
then a reaction takes- place, and
immediately withdraw the
they have given, suddenly curtail
issues, and produce an unexpected
ruinous contraction of the
medium which la felt by the
community. The banks by this
save, themselves, and the
consequences of their imprudence
cupidity are Visited upon the
* * * It Is. evident that the
interests cannot be effectually
cd unless silver and gold are restore
to circulation.”
Referring, to the etile ol an
Szc4 money power, such as is now con¬
templated in the McCieary bill, Jack
son said that it would have “unlimited
dominion over the amount of the cir¬
culating medium, giving it the power
to regulate the value of property and
the fruits of labor in every quarter
of tite union, and to bestow prosperity
or bring ruin upon a try city or section
of the* country as might best comport
with its interests or policy.” In the
same connection he uttered this warn¬
ing, which should sink deep into the
breast of every man who loves his
country, his family, and the liberty for
which our forefathers fought: “The
government will pass from the hands
of the many to the hands of the few,
and this.organized money power, from
its secret conclave, will dictate the
choice of your highest officers and
compel you to make peace or war. as
best suits theft* own wishes. The
fortes of your government may, for a
time, remain, but its living spirit will
depart from It.”
"No Farm .’lor.’- - -riv ”
Noticing a statement some time ago
about C A. Pill-miry asserting in New
York- 'that there are "practical!)- no
farm mortgage;, left in Minnesota,”
and it striking me as being most tc'on
Mrously wild and false. I set about-tire
work of learning positively what, the
farm mortgage situaUdn Is in this
county believing that here, at least.
Mr.. Pillsbury would find some farm
mortgages that had survived the. mort¬
gage-destroying- prosperity of the past
year or so.
In this county, one of the most fer¬
tile in the state, there arc 2,400 sec¬
tions of arable land. An examination
of the records discloses the fact that
2,012 of the sections are mortgaged for
au aggregate of $2,070,000, at au
average interest of a trifle over 8 per
cent. The chattel mortgages are esti¬
mated to some extent, but they, with
the county and town bonded indebted¬
ness, which is not. very large, bring
the whole Indebtedness of the county,
exclusive of mortgages on village prop¬
erty, which are not included in' the
foregoing statement, up to at toast
$3,000,000, with an annual interest of
$240,000. This burden rests entirely
upon the farm population, except the
share that, other classes have in the
bonded indebted ness. That population
bow numbers about 7,780, so it will be
seen that the per capita interest that
our fanners must pay is $30, or $IoO
•tor. each family of five. Every: baby
horn In the county finds‘itself hur
dened with a mortgage tfiat demands
j ' an isuled annual that the interest mortgage of $30 indebtedness I am sat
of this county has increased at toast
$200,000 in the last two years; and I
believe that the condition here is as.
good on the a verage as-other counties
in this part of the state. It is not
pleasant to make such disclosures, but
statements like that of Mr. Piilsbury
invite them, and make it necessary
that the truth be told.
EDWARD MOTT.
Murray Co., Minn.
As Foolish a* Ihoinpuon’a Colf
“I am not going to make a silver
speech,” said Champ Clark of Mis¬
souri, in a recent address. ,“l have
not Lime enough, i never laid any
great claim to practical piety, but I do
believe, as firmly as any man that
ever lived, in an overruling Provi¬
dence, and I believe that when God
created this world He did nothing in
vain, and when He gave us more gold
and silver than He gave to anybody
else on. the face of the earth He in¬
tended us to use it. And yet here
we are, the strongest nation on the
globe, with 75,000,000 people, with il¬
limitable resources, and we sit down
pusiiianlmoualy. like, a lot of idiots,
am! ray that we are not going to coin
cur own silver until we get the con¬
sent of. every little eight- by ten king¬
dom- in Europe, some of them not as
big as the District of Columbia; and
in doing that we are acting with just
about as much sense, and not one whit
more than ihe man who would sit
down on the banks of the Mississippi
river and die of thirst, refusing to
drink of its refreshing waters because
the inhabitants of the African desert
cannot come and drink with him.
There Are Millions In Tt.
Bankers.want the exclusive privilege
of issuing the. mangy of the country
because there are .pillions m it for
them. They want the privilege of Is¬
suing the money so that they can send
out a thousand dollars today and it will
return with usury tomorrow'., and they
grow rich from the labor of somebody
else. National bankers claim to he
more worthy and deserving than all
other people. They sat themselves up
as a little wiser, purer and holier than
the balance of mankind, and for that
reason claim a privilege from the gov¬
ernment which is denied to all other
kinds of honorable business. Yet the
records of the courts, the peniten¬
tiaries and .the census of Canada show
that: the national .-baffkers are no more
honest than other people who do not
ask to be trusted with the circulation
of the life blood of commerce and
trade,.....Nonconformist.
Vopnllsm In Switzerland.
In Switzerland railroad fares have
been enormously reduced within the
.last few months, The rates are so low
as to astonish all. travelers. This is
one of the disgusting results of na¬
tional ownership of railroads, which
has been very recently brought about
in Switzerland .—New York Evening
Journal.
net’s Vt>re to Try It.
No evil is greater than absolute and
{hopeless poverty.—Frances B. Willard,
* GOOD ROADS NOTES. §
Wliat lias Been .\»eOfmpll*h®tS.
During the comparatively brief
period that there has boon concerted
action to secure au improvement in
the condition of the roads throughtout
the United States a great deal has
been accomplished. The League ol
American Wheelmen has been among
t he most active workers in this worthy
cause. An a body it has agitated the
ft utter persistently, while the in¬
dividual members have forwarded the
propaganda throughout the cities and
villages in all sections of the United
States. The agricultural clement has
been surprisingly slow in waking up
to a realization of the value of good
■roads, hut the farmers everywhere are
now beginning to take a more active
interest in the subject than ever be¬
fore. Let a farmer once realize that
he can transport tt -much larger load of
produce and with leas wear and tear
on hia horses over a good road than
over a poor one and ho at ones sees
the practical importance of the ques¬
tion to himself personally. Some
years ago a oarefid comparison was
mado between the relative cost fb the
farmers of the-Southern states' and
the farmers of France in the hiaitertof
getting.their produce to market. In
the latter country it, man and two
horses can accomplish more than two'
men and four horses are able' to do
over Borne of the notoriously bad
roads with which we arc afflicted.
Many of the roads which r\m for hun¬
dred* of miles through the Alps, over
lofty passes and at great distances
from large towns, are of a sort such
as the average American farmer never
saw. And at the same time leading
out of the capital of the United States
there are roads of a sort that have not
been seen in Western Europe for cea- tke
turiejs. It is indeed time that
whole country was waking up to the
importance of the question, and gather
ingk such oa that held in Omaha are
a good work, aud a work that
should be helped along in every way.
(travel Hoads.
Hoad improvement is one of the most
important question a for consideration
of ihe farmers, and should be thor¬
oughly discussed in the Institute and
Farmers’ Clubs during the winter.
Good roads arc absolutely necessary
for the comfort ami convenience of the
farmer, and now is the time to put the
roads in good rhape- to meet the -win¬
ter storms; all holes and depressions
should In; 'filled or leveled. Where
water stands after a rain is the beat
way to ascertain where repair is de¬
manded.
Where good gravel can be obtained
itonakes the best and cheapest road,
and can be put on the roadbed during
the winter.
It should be borne in mind that »
good don’t gravel road once well constructed
require the constant care and ex
peasa of the common clay road. A
team can haul four tons over a good
road easier than the same team can
haul 1200 pounds over the mire beds
4 that shade become
our common alter a
Then spell;
a fanner w ho owns a nice car¬
riage aud has good horses and harness
to match hates to have them all splashed
and covered with mod when ho drives
to town. A good gravel road will be
free of both mud and dust.
Some argue in favor of mae&darn or
broken stone, but the western stone
won’t resist the action of frost aud
don't pack and become smooth like
the gravel.
Where Good Hoads Fay.
It is acknowledged, say's the Nashua
Telegraph, that, if the Granite State is
to hold the prestige of (he, past and
still remain the groat Meccafor visitors
and tourists, that the State must see
to it that the roads arc put in the best
condition possible. The pe.hple of
other States are building systems of
splendid roacte which form a very at¬
tractive feature, and one that will do
much to attract outsiders. New Hamp¬
shire has got to do the, same, aud a
grand State road up the Merrimack
valley to the mountains ia an imme¬
diate demand of the condition of affairs
at the present time.
Jacreasltis Prosperity.
The stone roads that have been built
around Charlotte, N. O., mainly by
convict labor, have done touch for the
progress of the - place. Fifty miles-of
hard roads are down and they are to
be extended to. .the . py.auty border¬
line. It is raid that it used to be a
feat worth bragging about for a farmer
to get to town with four .'hales.of cot¬
ton on a wagon drawn by four horses,
bat now he thinks nothing of bring¬
ing six bales on a wagon drawn by
two.
■ Paragraphs About the CiHk*adt?.
The motor carriage will be another
ohouter for good roads.
And what the highway most requires
ia better drainage aud broader tires.
The many cycle-paths on Long
Island afford sifob good all-thivyeuv
riding, that wheels can be n Ivaiiteg"
offaly used there at almost all season-.
Tho plan of appointing an engineer
as overseer of the roads of Houtii
Orange, N. J., is being considered. If
ought to be done. The practice there sod
of annually throwing earth and
upon the macadam to ‘‘protect’’ it is a
disgrace to so progressive a town.
The hard roads of Long Island are
so attractive to wheelmen that incw.au
nsg numbers art? consianily using
Thom. Two yeute isgo 40,000 cyvlmts
iraveled on the Lous Island railroad;
last year 160,000, and this year over
■20(1,000, going to and from different
riding points on the island.
Some 7,<V>0,000 tons of coal are lit;
nuaily used ia tho United Kingdom L,
Subscription $1.00 Per
Plant System.
IMSSEXGEE SCHEDULES.
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.. < 7 4i;i il lo;. ... .
0 06a: 7 30|»j .... Ufohtriond ... 4 00a i 6 40;,.....
..to. 2 flip 1 1 lap i: III . Charleston i ,’Uj in...... ; .
00a ...
0 5 18p; .1 20a « 35a • Havan im h , li livji m 9 2(s&: 7 00ji
6 Ha 8 67 > 4 CS t 18 OO t Ar Jasup----- ! ; i0 47A'l0 3r>i> 7 31a
. t ••• v r, . ..
4- SOpi
it s; B 00a! 10 55a!Ar, . .. Wayeross I - 2 b0a< it f, 2(h. 1 20,
..-J ■
.... 20.p iSp!.......! .. Bnitwwie.k ..,. : . 7.45a! 7 Wpl.- . to i
...{ 2J»4 2 2%!,..... .....Albany........8 30 j>L^ 30a!
... ! 1 00;., 5 .....( "luuilim. ‘IfOOtt, 5 20(? , . ...
. I 1 lav 4 15pi......■ ......Mneoti.-.. .'1.1204. U 25|> : ...to.
.. . ..
. ?33« " ■ ■ ■ ■ • AttonU ..... -...... 7 liOa 7 50p .to.....
*. “ 10 2%‘7 f 45a 1 0{% J»'ifcsonviiio 7* 7 MMaV 7 wsy ,7.7 2~6oviFT~7
.
. ..>10 30a; 4 30aj ., St, Auguvtnio. ,, to ....; 5 33 ■ >!...... ;
...;i222pi ...! 4 i.% . , Gitlhcsvilfe,.. i$ j . ifta' :j,t5lto 4Spi______ ... . . • ,
2 U)t>' 5 40;v ...... ""aia. ,..... 1 3f»a: 5 :: .....i.
7 50a 605y. 53p ' ...
j 7 ... Tampa....., 7 .iYj» 10 i>.
i! 22>, lilfi, Valdosta i «2i!>' 4(!«a>
......'12 40a 20;.. ... Tlnminftviile ... ..... 50ft*______J, ... ......
...... i 3 510p 2
... .
.....; ; 7 HlOpS.......! 45a;......]. 9 7 3%i 40a J . Orleans I . 10 50a! 7 43pl;.....I.
...... . N- '.v .. . 7 -.iap) 7 53a!......
....... 7 «%.....' 6 30fl ..,. NsvdmlW . . .. j :i 1 34a! 9 mu’......’ :
/..... 7 05a... ... Cincinnati
AH trains y. 23. 32, 36 an* 73 make ali-Joea! stop.4.
P.aJirnan buffet sleeping cars ate operated as follows: 7??>ei8g and 32' S.0twijtm S.»w
York < and I i n.'-oiuilp \ v York an i Port Tampa \ ,a West Coast. \\ i\ r<.ys it mi fffa
. iuii.ati via Montgomery. Nos. S3 and 73 between New York and Jacksonville. No.
21 Savannah .and Montgomery,, and connects at Way cross with' steepc ors to st. Lottie via
.
'•I'lntg.vuery; . to Nashville via Atlanta, and .Port Tampa via Jtwkso nvilic ami Sanford.
No, 24 Monlir gatnery and Savannah. >
HtenmshTpe leave Port Tampa for Key West and. Havtttqi 9 p. ». Mondays and
r li arrive Key West 3 p. m Tuesdays and 'Frida;, it, arrive Havana * i m.
W'edw.sdays and Hatnrdays. Ileturutnpf leave J.Iavansi 12:39 ixooa Wwinesdavs and Hattir
davs. leave Key W'est -7 p. m. aame days, arrive at Tort Tampa 2 pi m. Thursdays ana
suafUiyu Ciose eomioeli‘>n made by "to train 35 for Key West aud Havana.
For further information apply Agent,
B. W. WHENN, Tassenger Traftie Manager.
H, <1. MeFAi tDKN, Assistant General Passenger Agent.
Shos!. ;>i fo.
TOM BOWLING’S EKE.
HOW YANKEE GUNNERS FIRED IN THE
MANILA FIGHT,
Good Markmanship on a Robing Vessel »tJ
in the Excitement of a Furioas Engage¬
ment Means More than the public appreci¬
ates.
Lieutenant Bradley A. Fiske, U. S.
N„ of the Petrel,. who took part In
i!i“ u >i e of (’avite Bay, has
written ah article for the Century on
“Why We won Manila.” Lieutenant
FisLe says on the “man behind the
gutt”' - ,
Look at him as he stands, lock
string in ham!, behind Ids' gun. liis
legs wide apart- as he Balance* him¬
self on the unsteady deck, his eves
fixed on the sights of his gun and on
the enemy, whom ho sees through
the narrow aperture of the gun-port,
lie knows that his gun is all right,
and the-powder and tin* shell and the
fuse, am! that, years ago. the neces¬
sary stops weyc .taken which placed
this terrible weapon in his hand to¬
day, s> fashioned that if he fires it
right tho .-hut will hit the mark. But
the rolling of the ship from side to
side throws the line of his gun-sights
Inch up against lhe sky, and then
down into the sea; and. as no ship
steers t-Anoil; straight, the line of
sight moves irregularly to the right
and left; so that his sights appear to
be deset Hung irregular curves, now
ttgainst the background of the sky,
ami now against the background of
the sea. An average rail ussy be said
to be about s, ’ven degrees on each
side, or fourteen degrees from one
side to the other. The .average time
of making this roll is about seven sec¬
onds, making the time of roiling one
degree about half a second.
Nuopesc now that Tom itow'ijag is
firing :<i an average ship, say twenty
feet. high, about: twenty-five hundred
yards away. If he tires at the mid
die of the target-us hr should do. this
gives him a margin on each side of
ioil feet, which subtends an fugle at
Tom Bowling's eye of about oin*
i in ift't of a degree; so that Bowling
t'it>f appreciate the fact that his
.sights are “on.” and do everything i<*
iptired to fir,* the gun in one fw.-nty
foi’i'!i> of a second, or else he u 111
miss tlio target. Now. no twin living
ran he depended on for such .rapid
thought and m rce action, even under
the best conditions .of quiet artd calm¬
ness; i hat is, lie cannot he depended
on to (lo it every time.
Much can he done by st good gun
voptnm, however, by watching for'a
smooth time, and firing a' little before
the s _tits bear No one knows lift
better than Tom Bowling. So Tie.
!wages his feet on the unsteady deck,
every nerve ,*tr tolled to its utmost
tension. lie secs that the jnsfi, is<
pointing a little to tin* right of the
enemy’s ship. “Left!" he orders: ant!
the gun-trainers work the?r training
'
levers, or, If in' a turret, start tin*
turning-engine so as to turn the goo
to the left. Meanwhile, as the line of
sight gradually't* approachthg the tar¬
get front the right. It is also-rising and.
falling with the rolling of the ship.
Torn Bowling, sees that, she next time
the sight? rise to the level of tpc tar¬
get' the trainers will -have got the gun
trained in tie* proper direction, He
braces himself for a quick pull of his
ha-!, string; and then a wave strikes
the ship on tho starboard bow, or the
helm is shifted a Lttle, and away goes
tlic line of sight far off to the hft, be
f,»re tlic sights get up. “Right!” or
dors Bending instantly; and the gnu
imhiers -work the gnu back to the
right quickly, but cautiously, for
much depends upon them now.
•‘tVclir ■'Right!” “Left!” etc., come
the orders in quick succession, as Tom
Bowling and Ids trainers .work the
gun. Suddenly the Hue of eight
strikes the target; .there is a gh-.'tm
in Bowling’s eye, a quick pull of his
arm. a tremendous noise, a sliding
cloud of smoke, and In comes the gun ;
as if it w ere a projeetile itself, ship, and j
were going clear across the and
cut nl Um other side; hut it quickly,
yet gently, sioavs, then stops, con* j
NO. 49.
trolled perfectly By the
cylinder; and immediately it runs
again, and is toady to He loaded
tired once more.
In an ins Him the second captain
unlocked and thrown epeti the
quick hands wash off the powder
due front breech-block and bore,
then shove in the shell and
The second captain closes and
the breech with a heavy clang,
in a new primer, and reports the
ready. “Left;" cries Tom
and the same succession of actions
ix performed.
If anybody could have gym;
ship to ship of the United Nrates
during the eventful hours
five and half-past seven on that
tiful Sunday morning, he ...would
seen a 1 tout fifty Ton. Bowlings,
doing the s;uue things and in the
way. He would have seen fifty
crews all eagerly, jv coolly,
their guns, and he would have
each division of guns, and each
ret. under the charge of au officer
sponsible for it.
Triangula: Nails.
An expert fells why toe
nail, which at its ititiotlttetion,
era I years ago, gave much promise
meeting the favor of the trade,
made hut little headway. Many of
advantages are still undisputed; it
great penetrative power, and it has
tie tendency to spilt Ike wood
which it is driven. The trouble
ed to be that the bar'-ed notches
arc plowed into two of its
sides give-it a holding power “that
anything hut acceptable .to the
nusn, and render it very hard to
draws Before the triangular nail
in, no one gave lunch thought to
possibility that a nail might!grip
tettaehiusiy; but that it may
how no question. 1! frequently
pens, both in permanent amt
rary wort, that parts have to be
asunder wait as little breakage
deformation as possible, and
•nails -offer much, resistance* to
tion, the labor of separation Is
increased, and the parts .suffer
usage, if not destruction. There Ms
.
denying that -t greater number of tt.
angular nails of a given size will
'contained in a given weight, but as
triangular uiil; can not have
strength in Us section than a square
round out, carpenters may find it
pedient to use a larger size in
lar form than would otherwise he.
essary. and thus the weight of
may he nearly equalized. The
f tii>* u**w* r n.ul are rot n
oes or ohvioun enough to tie
carpenter or patlefn-mAker it*
!•«.> taking the place of the!older
• b#Uei'-km>WH fururs,—-St
- Oemocra-t, *, •
• ■ ■* •
-
.
Freseacc oi Mind., L
The ^esnpt records. ;bu. Instance
IV^fehce of ‘jnrtiu on. t,h(Y '
Belgian fnerchant hi Baris, wltfth
aided hint to speedily recover a
sum ol mOi'iey^fUpieu from 1dm.
lie was- ;it a hotel on
boulevards, and had gone to bed with
oat' locking the door of bis room.
was awakened .at tfiret*'.o’clock in
Uioriiiug by the JKvige of the door
ting, . '
He leaped out of bed, turned on
clee’.fid light, and ran to Uls desk,
which he lin'd placed a large sum
bajiknotett. ¥
It was empty,
lie quietly went to the telephone
a corner of the room and called to
concierges "Close ah I he doors.
have been robbed and the thief is
the iiotwe.”
Be was jusri ;n thaw, lie
descended and found the
disputing-the right of way « ith a
who wished to leave. The
could not explain hid presence
and was taken to the s at on.
the Belgian's 'pocketbook / tn d
banknotes in it were found on
Porto t!iro is uiulouVuedly a fine
country. But after -‘xperience with
the Klondike people will invariably Ihj
somewhat deliberate in forming un¬
pres-do-ns c-f what can hr achieved
there with nuaU capRal.